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Toufanian S, Mohammed J, Winterhelt E, Lofts A, Dave R, Coombes BK, Hoare T. A Nanocomposite Dynamic Covalent Cross-Linked Hydrogel Loaded with Fusidic Acid for Treating Antibiotic-Resistant Infected Wounds. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:1947-1957. [PMID: 38394042 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is associated with high levels of morbidity and is considered a difficult-to-treat infection, often requiring nonstandard treatment regimens and antibiotics. Since over 40% of the emerging antibiotic compounds have insufficient solubility that limits their bioavailability and thus efficacy through oral or intravenous administration, it is crucial that alternative drug delivery products be developed for wound care applications. Existing effective treatments for soft tissue MRSA infections, such as fusidic acid (FA), which is typically administered orally, could also benefit from alternative routes of administration to improve local efficacy and bioavailability while reducing the required therapeutic dose. Herein, we report an antimicrobial poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate) (POEGMA)-based composite hydrogel loaded with fusidic acid-encapsulating self-assembled polylactic acid-b-poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (PLA-POEGMA) nanoparticles for the treatment of MRSA-infected skin wounds. The inclusion of the self-assembled nanoparticles (380 nm diameter when loaded with fusidic acid) does not alter the favorable mechanical properties and stability of the hydrogel in the context of its use as a wound dressing, while fusidic acid (FA) can be released from the hydrogel over ∼10 h via a diffusion-controlled mechanism. The antimicrobial studies demonstrate a clear zone of inhibition in vitro and a 1-2 order of magnitude inhibition of bacterial growth in vivo in an MRSA-infected full-thickness excisional murine wound model even at very low antibiotic doses. Our approach thus can both circumvent challenges in the local delivery of hydrophobic antimicrobial compounds and directly deliver antimicrobials into the wound to effectively combat methicillin-resistant infections using a fraction of the drug dose required using other clinically relevant strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Toufanian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jody Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Erica Winterhelt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Andrew Lofts
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Ridhdhi Dave
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Brian K Coombes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Todd Hoare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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Liu Y, Zhao F, Song T, Tang M, Tian L, He T, Li D, Xiao Y, Zhang X. Nanohybrid dual-network chitosan-based hydrogels: Synthesis, characterization, quicken infected wound healing by angiogenesis and immune-microenvironment regulation. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 325:121589. [PMID: 38008479 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Infectious wounds are difficult to heal because of vascular damage and immune imbalance. The multi-functional hydrogel dressing can regulate vascular regeneration and immune microenvironment through continuous supply of bioactive ingredients to the wound site, which can effectively accelerate the healing speed of infected wounds. In this work, a multifunctional dual-network hydrogel (QCMOD) with good injectability, stability, self-healing and adhesion was designed by combining methacrylic anhydride-modified quaternized chitosan (QCM) with oxidized dextran (OD) via Schiff base reaction and photo-crosslinked polymerization. Subsequently, MgO/Icariin composite nanoparticles with icariin coating were prepared and loaded in QCMOD hydrogel to establish nanohybrid dual-network chitosan-based hydrogels (QCMOD@MI), which possessed a controlled release of Mg2+ and icariin as well as the ability of guiding physiological behavior in wound healing progress. In vitro results showed the nanohybrid hydrogel reduced bacterial infection and possessed multiple physiological functions including promoting cell migration, angiogenesis and reducing secretion of inflammatory factors. In vivo, the nanohybrid hydrogel showed excellent pro-healing abilities for infected full-thickness wounds by reducing bacterial infections and improving the microenvironment of ischemia and inflammation. This study provides a new paradigm for the design of multifunctional bioactive hydrogels and the obtained hydrogel is expected to become a new type of functional dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Fengxin Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Tao Song
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Ming Tang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Luoqiang Tian
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Tinghan He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Chengdu, Sichuan 610042, China
| | - Yumei Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
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Kim JH, Yang D, Park S. Experimental validation for the interconversion between generalized Kelvin-Voigt and Maxwell models using human skin tissues. J Biomech 2024; 162:111908. [PMID: 38142667 PMCID: PMC10842778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical properties of biological systems provide essential insights into their component, physiological function, and disease mechanism under various conditions, such as age, health, and other environmental factors. Viscoelasticity is one of the most important and investigated properties to study biomaterials, cells, and tissues, as they exhibit the characteristics of both fluid-like behavior, viscosity, and solid-like behavior, elasticity. Various mathematical models, such as the Kelvin-Voigt and Maxwell models, have been developed and practiced to estimate and extract viscoelastic properties. However, one of the inherent challenges with the use of these models is the poor transferability of mathematically estimated viscoelastic properties across different models, largely due to variations in constituent elements and their arrangements within each model. This issue impedes the interconversion of parameters of one model to another and complicates comparison across models. In this study, we demonstrate the equivalence between the generalized Maxwell and generalized Kelvin-Voigt models through two distinct approaches: indirect, Maxwell model-based Kelvin-Voigt model estimation and direct, curve fitting-based Kelvin-Voigt model estimation. We utilized human melanoma skin tissues to estimate viscoelastic properties using the Prony series. The estimated parameters and resulting viscoelastic properties revealed no significant difference between the two approaches and between the two patients. This study is the first experimental validation of the mathematical interconversion of the two models, signifying that this approach will enable an accurate and objective analysis and comparison of mechanical properties across various viscoelastic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hee Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Daejong Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungman Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.
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Mousavi Khatat M, Same S, Moharamzadeh K, Soleimani Rad J, Mehdipour A, Roshangar L. Mechanical properties of the rabbit and human decellularized patches for well-tolerated/reinforced organ in cardiac tissue engineering. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2023; 15:244-249. [PMID: 38357560 PMCID: PMC10862031 DOI: 10.34172/jcvtr.2023.32926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Natural decellularized patches have been developed as the therapeutic platform for the treatment of different diseases, especially cardiovascular disorders. Decellularized scaffolds (as both cell-seeded and cell-free patches) are broadly studied in heart tissue redevelopment in vivo and in vitro. The designed regenerative bio-scaffold must have desirable physicochemical properties including mechanical stiffness for load-bearing, and appropriate anatomical characteristics to mimic the native biological environment properly and facilitate tissue reconstruction. In this context, the current study was designed to investigate rabbit decellularized derma's similarity with human decellularized skin in terms of mechanical properties for cardiac tissue engineering application. Methods Fifty two rabbit dermal specimens were provided and divided into two groups: the experimental (decellularized) group and the control (group). Similarly, twelve human skin specimens were divided into the experimental (decellularized) and control groups. Initially, the effect of decellularization on the mechanical performance of scaffolds was analyzed. Then, the mechanical strength of decellularized rabbit skin was compared to decellularized human derma by measuring the stress strain and Young's modulus of the samples. Results The results showed that rabbit decellularized skin has a similar elastic range to human decellularized skin, despite being more elastic (P>0.05). In addition, after decellularization, both rabbit and human skin showed a non-significant decrease in elasticity (P>0.05). It is worth noting that the elasticity reduction in rabbit samples after skin decellularization was lower than in human samples. Conclusion According to the results of this study and the similarities of rabbit decellularized derm to human skin and its advantages over it, along with the biological complexity of native cardiac ECM, this scaffold can be used as an alternative matrix for tissue-engineered cardiac patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mousavi Khatat
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeideh Same
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Keyvan Moharamzadeh
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine (HBMCDM), Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences (MBRU), Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jafar Soleimani Rad
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Mehdipour
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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5
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Johnston A, Callanan A. Recent Methods for Modifying Mechanical Properties of Tissue-Engineered Scaffolds for Clinical Applications. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8020205. [PMID: 37218791 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The limited regenerative capacity of the human body, in conjunction with a shortage of healthy autologous tissue, has created an urgent need for alternative grafting materials. A potential solution is a tissue-engineered graft, a construct which supports and integrates with host tissue. One of the key challenges in fabricating a tissue-engineered graft is achieving mechanical compatibility with the graft site; a disparity in these properties can shape the behaviour of the surrounding native tissue, contributing to the likelihood of graft failure. The purpose of this review is to examine the means by which researchers have altered the mechanical properties of tissue-engineered constructs via hybrid material usage, multi-layer scaffold designs, and surface modifications. A subset of these studies which has investigated the function of their constructs in vivo is also presented, followed by an examination of various tissue-engineered designs which have been clinically translated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Johnston
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, UK
| | - Anthony Callanan
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, UK
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Brown CP, Hughes MDG, Mahmoudi N, Brockwell DJ, Coletta PL, Peyman S, Evans SD, Dougan L. Structural and mechanical properties of folded protein hydrogels with embedded microbubbles. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:2726-2737. [PMID: 36815670 PMCID: PMC10088474 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01918c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Globular folded proteins are powerful building blocks to create biomaterials with mechanical robustness and inherent biological functionality. Here we explore their potential as advanced drug delivery scaffolds, by embedding microbubbles (MBs) within a photo-activated, chemically cross-linked bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein network. Using a combination of circular dichroism (CD), rheology, small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and microscopy we determine the nanoscale and mesoscale structure and mechanics of this novel multi-composite system. Optical and confocal microscopy confirms the presence of MBs within the protein hydrogel, their reduced diffusion and their effective rupture using ultrasound, a requirement for burst drug release. CD confirms that the inclusion of MBs does not impact the proportion of folded proteins within the cross-linked protein network. Rheological characterisation demonstrates that the mechanics of the BSA hydrogels is reduced in the presence of MBs. Furthermore, SANS reveals that embedding MBs in the protein hydrogel network results in a smaller number of clusters that are larger in size (∼16.6% reduction in number of clusters, 17.4% increase in cluster size). Taken together, we show that MBs can be successfully embedded within a folded protein network and ruptured upon application of ultrasound. The fundamental insight into the impact of embedded MBs in protein scaffolds at the nanoscale and mesoscale is important in the development of future platforms for targeted and controlled drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa P Brown
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Matt D G Hughes
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Najet Mahmoudi
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Spallation Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - David J Brockwell
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, UK
| | - P Louise Coletta
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Sally Peyman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Stephen D Evans
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Lorna Dougan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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7
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Deng Y, Guo X, Lin Y, Huang Z, Li Y. Dual-Phase Inspired Soft Electronic Sensors with Programmable and Tunable Mechanical Properties. ACS NANO 2023; 17:6423-6434. [PMID: 36861640 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Wearable and stretchable sensors are important components to strictly monitor the behavior and health of humans and attract extensive attention. However, traditional sensors are designed with pure horseshoes or chiral metamaterials, which restrict the biological tissue engineer applications due to their narrow regulation ranges of the elastic modulus and the poorly adjustable Poisson's ratio. Inspired by the biological spiral microstructure, a dual-phase metamaterial (chiral-horseshoes) is designed and fabricated in this work, which possesses wide and programmable mechanical properties by tailoring the geometrical parameters. Experimental, numerical, and theoretical studies are conducted, which reveal that the designed microstructures can reproduce mechanical properties of most natural animals such as frogs, snakes, and rabbits skin. Furthermore, a flexible strain sensor with the gauge factor reaching 2 under 35% strain is fabricated, which indicates that the dual-phase metamaterials have a stable monitoring ability and can be potentially applied in the electronic skin. Finally, the flexible strain sensor is attached on the human skin, and it can successfully monitor the physiological behavior signals under various actions. In addition, the dual-phase metamaterial could combine with artificial intelligence algorithms to fabricate a flexible stretchable display. The dual-phase metamaterial with negative Poisson's ratio could decrease the lateral shrinkage and image distortion during the stretching process. This study offers a strategy for designing the flexible strain sensors with programmable, tunable mechanical properties, and the fabricated soft and high-precision wearable strain sensor can accurately monitor the skin signals under different human motions and potentially be applied for flexible display.
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8
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Park S, Chien AL, Brown ID, Chen J. Characterizing viscoelastic properties of human melanoma tissue using Prony series. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1162880. [PMID: 37091343 PMCID: PMC10117758 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1162880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most invasive and deadly skin cancer, which causes most of the deaths from skin cancer. It has been demonstrated that the mechanical properties of tumor tissue are significantly altered. However, data about characterizing the mechanical properties of in vivo melanoma tissue are extremely scarce. In addition, the viscoelastic or viscous properties of melanoma tissue are rarely reported. In this study, we measured and quantitated the viscoelastic properties of human melanoma tissues based on the stress relaxation test, using the indentation-based mechanical analyzer that we developed previously. The melanoma tissues from eight patients of different ages (57–95), genders (male and female patients), races (White and Asian), and sites (nose, arm, shoulder, and chest) were excised and tested. The results showed that the elastic property (i.e., shear modulus) of melanoma tissue was elevated compared to normal tissue, while the viscous property (i.e., relaxation time) was reduced. Moreover, the tissue thickness had a significant impact on the viscoelastic properties, probably due to the amount of the adipose layer. Our findings provide new insights into the role of the viscous and elastic properties of melanoma cell mechanics, which may be implicated in the disease state and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungman Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Institute for NanoBio Technology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Seungman Park,
| | - Anna L. Chien
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Isabelle D. Brown
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jingchun Chen
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, United States
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9
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Martin A, Nyman JN, Reinholdt R, Cai J, Schaedel AL, van der Plas MJA, Malmsten M, Rades T, Heinz A. In Situ Transformation of Electrospun Nanofibers into Nanofiber-Reinforced Hydrogels. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142437. [PMID: 35889661 PMCID: PMC9318765 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanofiber-reinforced hydrogels have recently gained attention in biomedical engineering. Such three-dimensional scaffolds show the mechanical strength and toughness of fibers while benefiting from the cooling and absorbing properties of hydrogels as well as a large pore size, potentially aiding cell migration. While many of such systems are prepared by complicated processes where fibers are produced separately to later be embedded in a hydrogel, we here provide proof of concept for a one-step solution. In more detail, we produced core-shell nanofibers from the natural proteins zein and gelatin by coaxial electrospinning. Upon hydration, the nanofibers were capable of directly transforming into a nanofiber-reinforced hydrogel, where the nanofibrous structure was retained by the zein core, while the gelatin-based shell turned into a hydrogel matrix. Our nanofiber-hydrogel composite showed swelling to ~800% of its original volume and water uptake of up to ~2500% in weight. The physical integrity of the nanofiber-reinforced hydrogel was found to be significantly improved in comparison to a hydrogel system without nanofibers. Additionally, tetracycline hydrochloride was incorporated into the fibers as an antimicrobial agent, and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Martin
- LEO Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.M.); (J.N.N.); (R.R.); (J.C.); (A.-L.S.); (M.J.A.v.d.P.); (M.M.); (T.R.)
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Jenny Natalie Nyman
- LEO Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.M.); (J.N.N.); (R.R.); (J.C.); (A.-L.S.); (M.J.A.v.d.P.); (M.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Rikke Reinholdt
- LEO Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.M.); (J.N.N.); (R.R.); (J.C.); (A.-L.S.); (M.J.A.v.d.P.); (M.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Jun Cai
- LEO Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.M.); (J.N.N.); (R.R.); (J.C.); (A.-L.S.); (M.J.A.v.d.P.); (M.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Anna-Lena Schaedel
- LEO Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.M.); (J.N.N.); (R.R.); (J.C.); (A.-L.S.); (M.J.A.v.d.P.); (M.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Mariena J. A. van der Plas
- LEO Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.M.); (J.N.N.); (R.R.); (J.C.); (A.-L.S.); (M.J.A.v.d.P.); (M.M.); (T.R.)
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, S-22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Malmsten
- LEO Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.M.); (J.N.N.); (R.R.); (J.C.); (A.-L.S.); (M.J.A.v.d.P.); (M.M.); (T.R.)
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Rades
- LEO Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.M.); (J.N.N.); (R.R.); (J.C.); (A.-L.S.); (M.J.A.v.d.P.); (M.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Andrea Heinz
- LEO Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.M.); (J.N.N.); (R.R.); (J.C.); (A.-L.S.); (M.J.A.v.d.P.); (M.M.); (T.R.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Golipour H, Ezzatzadeh E, Sadeghianmaryan A. Investigation of co‐electrospun gelatin:
TiO
2
/polycaprolactone:silk fibroin scaffolds for wound healing applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Golipour
- Department of Chemistry, Ardabil Branch Islamic Azad University Ardabil Iran
| | - Elham Ezzatzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Ardabil Branch Islamic Azad University Ardabil Iran
| | - Ali Sadeghianmaryan
- Department of Chemistry, Ardabil Branch Islamic Azad University Ardabil Iran
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11
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Park S. Biochemical, structural and physical changes in aging human skin, and their relationship. Biogerontology 2022; 23:275-288. [PMID: 35292918 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-09959-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ of the human body, having the purpose of regulating temperature, protecting us from microbes or mechanical shocks, and allowing the sensations from touch. It is generally accepted that aging induces profound changes in the skin's biochemical, structural and physical properties, which can lead to impaired biological functions and/or diverse diseases. So far, the effects of aging on these skin properties have been well documented. However, very few studies have focused exclusively on the relationship among these critical properties in the aging process, which is this review's primary focus. Many in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro techniques have been previously used to characterize these properties of the skin. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on the effects of aging on the changes in biochemical, structural, and physical properties, and explore the potential mechanisms of skin with the relation between these properties. First, we review different or contradictory results of aging-related changes in representative parameters of each property, including the interpretations of the findings. Next, we discuss the need for a standardized method to characterize aging-related changes in these properties, to improve the way of defining age-property relationship. Moreover, potential mechanisms based on the previous results are explored by linking the biochemical, structural, and physical properties. Finally, the need to study changes of various functional properties in the separate skin layers is addressed. This review can help understand the underlying mechanism of aging-related alterations, to improve the evaluation of the aging process and guide effective treatment strategies for aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungman Park
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA. .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
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12
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Mostafavi Yazdi SJ, Baqersad J. Mechanical modeling and characterization of human skin: A review. J Biomech 2021; 130:110864. [PMID: 34844034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the advances made in recent years on modeling approaches and experimental techniques to characterize the mechanical properties of human skin. The skin is the largest organ of the human body that has a complex multi-layered structure with different mechanical behaviors. The mechanical properties of human skin play an important role in distinguishing between healthy and unhealthy skin. Furthermore, knowing these mechanical properties enables computer simulation, skin research, clinical studies, as well as diagnosis and treatment monitoring of skin diseases. This paper reviews the recent efforts on modeling skin using linear, nonlinear, viscoelastic, and anisotropic materials. The work also focuses on aging effects, microstructure analysis, and non-invasive methods for skin testing. A detailed explanation of the skin structure and numerical models, such as finite element models, are discussed in this work. This work also compares different experimental methods that measure the mechanical properties of human skin. The work reviews the experimental results in the literature and shows how the mechanical properties of human skin vary with the skin sites, the layers, and the structure of human skin. The paper also discusses how state-of-the-art technology can advance skin research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Jamaleddin Mostafavi Yazdi
- NVH and Experimental Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kettering University, 1700 University Ave, Flint, MI 48504, USA.
| | - Javad Baqersad
- NVH and Experimental Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kettering University, 1700 University Ave, Flint, MI 48504, USA
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13
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Chen L, Guo M. Highly Transparent, Stretchable, and Conductive Supramolecular Ionogels Integrated with Three-Dimensional Printable, Adhesive, Healable, and Recyclable Character. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:25365-25373. [PMID: 34003634 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the easy fabrication of highly transparent (optical transmittance above 93%), stretchable (1500-2500% elongation at break), and conductive (up to 2.25 S m-1 at 25 °C) supramolecular ionogels that simultaneously integrate with three-dimensional (3D) printable, healable, adhesive, and recyclable character. The supramolecular ionogel is designed using a linear amphiphilic poly(urethane-urea) (PUU) copolymer and ionic liquid (IL) as the elastic scaffold and electrolyte, respectively, via a simple cosolvent method. Intriguingly, the 3D-printed highly conductive (2.25 S m-1 at 25 °C) supramolecular ionogel structure shows record-high mechanical performance with a breaking tensile strain and stress of 945% and 1.51 MPa, respectively, and is able to lift 3400× or bear 10000× its weight without fracture. Furthermore, both the solution casting and 3D-printed ionogel films show high sensitivity and reliability for sensing a wide range of strains, including various human motions. The results present some new insights into the structural, mechanical, and functional design of novel multifunctional ionogels with distinguished mechanical performance and tractable processability, which will extend them to a wide range of flexible electronic applications, including artificial intelligence, wearable/conformable electronics, human/machine interactions, soft robotics, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianmin Chen
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Mingyu Guo
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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14
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Iravanimanesh S, Nazari MA, Jafarbeglou F, Mahjoob M, Azadi M. Extracting the elasticity of the human skin in microscale and in-vivo from atomic force microscopy experiments using viscoelastic models. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2020; 24:188-202. [PMID: 32969746 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1821000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Detecting mechanical properties of the intact skin in-vivo leads to a novel quantitative method to diagnose skin diseases and to monitor skin conditions in clinical settings. Current research and clinical methods that detect skin mechanics have major limitations. The in-vitro experiments are done in non-physiological conditions and in-vivo clinical methods measurer unwanted mechanics of underneath fat and muscle tissues but report the measurement as skin mechanics. An ideal skin mechanics should be captured at skin scale (i.e., micron-scale) and in-vivo. However, extreme challenges of capturing the in-vivo skin mechanics in micron-scale including skin motion due to heart beep, breathing and movement of the subject, has hindered measurement of skin mechanics in-vivo.This study for the first time captures micro-scale mechanics (elasticity and viscoelasticity) of top layers of skin (i.e., the stratum corneum (SC) and stratum granulosum (SG)) in-vivo. In this study, the relevant literature is reviewed and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was used to capture force-indentation curves on the fingertip skin of four human subjects at a high indentation speed of 40 μm/s. The skin of the same subject were tested in-vitro at 10 different indentation speeds ranging from 0.125 to 40 μm/s by AFM. This study extracts the in-vivo elasticity of SC and SG by detecting time-dependency of tested tissue using a fractional viscoelastic standard linear model developed for indentation. The in-vivo elasticity of SC and SG were smaller in females and in-vitro elasticity were higher than that of in-vivo results. The results were consistent with previous observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahba Iravanimanesh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Nazari
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Jafarbeglou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahjoob
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, BID Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mojtaba Azadi
- School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
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15
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Park S, Jung WH, Pittman M, Chen J, Chen Y. The Effects of Stiffness, Fluid Viscosity, and Geometry of Microenvironment in Homeostasis, Aging, and Diseases: A Brief Review. J Biomech Eng 2020; 142:1086203. [PMID: 32803227 DOI: 10.1115/1.4048110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cells sense biophysical cues in the micro-environment and respond to the cues biochemically and biophysically. Proper responses from cells are critical to maintain the homeostasis in the body. Abnormal biophysical cues will cause pathological development in the cells; pathological or aging cells, on the other hand, can alter their micro-environment to become abnormal. In this minireview, we discuss four important biophysical cues of the micro-environment-stiffness, curvature, extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture and viscosity-in terms of their roles in health, aging, and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungman Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; Institute for NanoBio Technology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Wei-Hung Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for NanoBio Technology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Matthew Pittman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for NanoBio Technology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for NanoBio Technology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for NanoBio Technology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
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