1
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Puglisi R, Cavallaro A, Pappalardo A, Petroselli M, Santonocito R, Trusso Sfrazzetto G. A New BODIPY-Based Receptor for the Fluorescent Sensing of Catecholamines. Molecules 2024; 29:3714. [PMID: 39125116 PMCID: PMC11314322 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The human body synthesizes catecholamine neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and noradrenaline. Monitoring the levels of these molecules is crucial for the prevention of important diseases, such as Alzheimer's, schizophrenia, Parkinson's, Huntington's, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and paragangliomas. Here, we have synthesized, characterized, and functionalized the BODIPY core with picolylamine (BDPy-pico) in order to create a sensor capable of detecting these biomarkers. The sensing properties of the BDPy-pico probe in solution were studied using fluorescence titrations and supported by DFT studies. Catecholamine sensing was also performed in the solid state by a simple strip test, using an optical fiber as the detector of emissions. In addition, the selectivity and recovery of the sensor were assessed, suggesting the possibility of using this receptor to detect dopamine and norepinephrine in human saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Puglisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (R.P.); (A.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessia Cavallaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (R.P.); (A.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Andrea Pappalardo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (R.P.); (A.C.); (A.P.)
- Research Unit of Catania, National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (I.N.S.T.M.), Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Manuel Petroselli
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
| | - Rossella Santonocito
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (R.P.); (A.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Trusso Sfrazzetto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (R.P.); (A.C.); (A.P.)
- Research Unit of Catania, National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (I.N.S.T.M.), Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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2
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Puglisi R, Santonocito R, Pappalardo A, Trusso Sfrazzetto G. Smart Sensing of Nerve Agents. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202400098. [PMID: 38647287 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The recent international scenario highlights the importance to protect human health and environmental quality from toxic compounds. In this context, organophosphorous (OP) Nerve Agents (NAs) have received particular attention, due to their use in terrorist attacks. Classical instrumental detection techniques are sensitive and selective, but they cannot be used in real field due to the high cost, specialized personnel requested and huge size. For these reasons, the development of practical, easy and fast detection methods (smart methods) is the future of this field. Indeed, starting from initial sensing research, based on optical and/or electrical sensors, today the development and use of smart strategies to detect NAs is the current state of the art. This review summarizes the smart strategies to detect NAs, highlighting some important parameters, such as linearity, limit of detection and selectivity. Furthermore, some critical comments of the future on this field, and in particular, the problems to be solved before a real application of these methods, are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Puglisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Rossella Santonocito
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Pappalardo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
- INSTM Udr of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Trusso Sfrazzetto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
- INSTM Udr of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
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3
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Puglisi R, Santonocito R, Butera E, Mendola GL, Pappalardo A, Trusso Sfrazzetto G. Supramolecular Detection of a Sub-ppm Nerve Agent Simulant by a Smartphone Tool. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:38038-38044. [PMID: 37867699 PMCID: PMC10586250 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of smartphones and related tools is extending their applications in several fields. Herein, we report a reusable smartphone coupled portable detection system for the sensing of sub-ppm level of a nerve agent mimic (dimethylmethylphosphonate) in the gas phase. The detection system is based on multiple hydrogen-bond interactions of the vapor analyte with an ad-hoc functionalized Bodipy chromophore scaffold. The multitopic approach used for the molecular recognition of DMMP leads to the highest binding constant values, high selectivity, and low limits of detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Puglisi
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Rossella Santonocito
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Ester Butera
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Giulia Lorenza Mendola
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Andrea Pappalardo
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy
- INSTM
Udr of Catania, Viale
Andrea Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Trusso Sfrazzetto
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy
- INSTM
Udr of Catania, Viale
Andrea Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy
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4
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Farahani HS, Najafi M, Behbahani M, Naseri MT. Magnetic activated carbon as an adsorbent for extraction of DMMP from aqueous samples followed by GC-IMS analysis. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:4834-4841. [PMID: 37701994 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01009k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Micro-porous magnetic activated carbon was prepared under ultrasonic irradiation as an adsorbent for dispersed solid phase extraction of dimethyl methyl phosphonate from water samples, before analysis by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry. The magnetic activated carbon was synthesized and characterized by using a vibrating sample magnetometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. Then, the effects of the amount of sorbent, extraction time and pH of the sample in the dispersive solid phase extraction method were investigated and optimized by the response surface method. The dispersion of 20 mg adsorbent powder in a 50 mL water sample for 5 minutes with chloroform as the desorption solvent showed an average recovery value of 95% for dimethyl methyl phosphonate. Afterward, the method was used successfully for the determination of dimethyl methyl phosphonate in river and spring water. The linear range was obtained to be 0.05-1 μg mL-1. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification were obtained to be 0.02 μg mL-1 and 0.05 μg mL-1 respectively. The analysis also showed good reproducibility with a relative standard deviation value of 3.1%. This method was shown to be easy, fast, reliable, and inexpensive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mostafa Najafi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Behbahani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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5
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Maurya CK, Pathak U, Gupta PK. Ditopic Chemodosimeter for Selective Detection of Nerve Agent Tabun Simulant DCNP. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Kant Maurya
- Synthetic Chemistry Division Defence R&D Establishment (DRDE) Jhansi Road Gwalior (MP) India- 474002
| | - Uma Pathak
- Synthetic Chemistry Division Defence R&D Establishment (DRDE) Jhansi Road Gwalior (MP) India- 474002
| | - Pradeep Kumar Gupta
- Synthetic Chemistry Division Defence R&D Establishment (DRDE) Jhansi Road Gwalior (MP) India- 474002
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6
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Foelen Y, Puglisi R, Debije MG, Schenning APHJ. Photonic Liquid Crystal
Polymer Absorbent for Immobilization
and Detection of Gaseous Nerve Agent Simulants. ACS APPLIED OPTICAL MATERIALS 2022; 1:107-114. [PMCID: PMC9903360 DOI: 10.1021/acsaom.2c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Detection and sequestration of chemical warfare agents (CWAs), such as poisonous organophosphates, are highly desirable for both personal security and environmental protection. However, both sensing and absorption in a single device have been rarely reported. In this study, we describe a photonic absorbent based on a cholesteric liquid crystal polymer as a dual sensing and decontamination device for gas-type CWAs. Dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) was used as a simulant compound. A blue reflective photonic polymer was fabricated that was able to detect DMMP vapor through absorption. Hydrogen bond interactions between DMMP and mesogenic carboxylic groups of the polymer allow selectivity and capture. A distinct optical change of the film from blue to bright green indicates the absorption of DMMP vapor molecules and confirms when full absorption of the polymer is achieved. The diffusion of DMMP vapor into the material was observed by the formation of a sharp boundary between swollen and unswollen material, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy images and the structural color changes. In ambient conditions, DMMP molecules are retained in the photonic absorbent without release to the environment. Heating above approximately 60 °C releases the absorbed DMMP, leading to a reusable optical device. These results confirm the ability of photonic polymers to sense and immobilize dangerous vapor, paving the way for the realization of simple, battery-free optical devices able to simultaneously warn and protect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yari Foelen
- Laboratory
of Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Puglisi
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Michael G. Debije
- Laboratory
of Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Albert P. H. J. Schenning
- Laboratory
of Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- SCNU-TUE
Joint Laboratory of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), South China Normal University, Guangzhou Higher Education
Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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7
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Tuccitto N, Catania G, Pappalardo A, Trusso Sfrazzetto G. Agile Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents by Machine Vision: a Supramolecular Approach. Chemistry 2021; 27:13715-13718. [PMID: 34414611 PMCID: PMC8518932 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The supramolecular detection by image analysis of a simulant chemical warfare agent on a solid device containing a selective molecular sensor based on a BODIPY scaffold is reported. The recognition properties were investigated in solution, demonstrating high affinity (log K 6.60) and sensitivity (LOD 10 ppt). A test strip also confirmed the sensing properties in gas phase. Image analysis of the solid device allows quantitative information about the simulant to be obtained, recovering the sensor almost 5 times and thus confirming the goal of the supramolecular approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Tuccitto
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Catania95125CataniaItaly
- Laboratory for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology – CSGI95125CataniaItaly
| | - Gaetano Catania
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Catania95125CataniaItaly
| | - Andrea Pappalardo
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Catania95125CataniaItaly
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (I.N.S.T.M.) Research Unit of Catania95125CataniaItaly
| | - Giuseppe Trusso Sfrazzetto
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Catania95125CataniaItaly
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (I.N.S.T.M.) Research Unit of Catania95125CataniaItaly
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8
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Ultraviolet and infrared light decontamination and the secondary pollution products of G-series nerve agent simulant model molecules contaminating TiO2/Ti surfaces. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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9
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Butera E, Zammataro A, Pappalardo A, Trusso Sfrazzetto G. Supramolecular Sensing of Chemical Warfare Agents. Chempluschem 2021; 86:681-695. [PMID: 33881227 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chemical warfare agents are a class of organic molecules used as chemical weapons due to their high toxicity and lethal effects. For this reason, the fast detection of these compounds in the environment is crucial. Traditional detection methods are based on instrumental techniques, such as mass spectrometry or HPLC, however the use of molecular sensors able to change a detectable property (e. g., luminescence, color, electrical resistance) can be cheaper and faster. Today, molecular sensing of chemical warfare agents is mainly based on the "covalent approach", in which the sensor reacts with the analyte, or on the "supramolecular approach", which involves the formation of non-covalent interactions between the sensor and the analyte. This Review is focused on the recent developments of supramolecular sensors of organophosphorus chemical warfare agents (from 2013). In particular, supramolecular sensors are classified by function of the sensing mechanism: i) Lewis Acids, ii) hydrogen bonds, iii) macrocyclic hosts, iv) multi-topic sensors, v) nanosensors. It is shown how the supramolecular non-covalent approach leads to a reversible sensing and higher selectivity towards the selected analyte respect to other interfering molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Butera
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Agatino Zammataro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Pappalardo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.,INSTM Udr of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Trusso Sfrazzetto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.,INSTM Udr of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
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10
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Gangemi CMA, Rimkaite U, Pappalardo A, Trusso Sfrazzetto G. Light-up photoluminescence sensing of a nerve agent simulant by a bis-porphyrin–salen–UO 2 complex. RSC Adv 2021; 11:13047-13050. [PMID: 35423859 PMCID: PMC8697308 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01397a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A luminescent bis-porphyrin–salen–UO2 complex, showing a significant fluorescence light-up response upon reacting with DMMP (a simulant of nerve agents), is reported. The fluorescence change of this complex by excitation at 365 nm can be clearly observed with the naked eye, and this complex was successfully employed to construct a test paper to detect nerve agents. The exposure of a nerve agent simulant to a fluorogenic sensor results in a significant increase in fluorescence response, allowing the construction of a paper test for the naked-eye detection of DMMP.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ugne Rimkaite
- Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences
- University of Vilnius
- Vilnius
- Lithuania
| | - Andrea Pappalardo
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Catania
- Catania
- Italy
- INSTM Udr of Catania
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11
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Tuccitto N, Spitaleri L, Li Destri G, Pappalardo A, Gulino A, Trusso Sfrazzetto G. Supramolecular Sensing of a Chemical Warfare Agents Simulant by Functionalized Carbon Nanoparticles. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235731. [PMID: 33291853 PMCID: PMC7730470 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Real-time sensing of chemical warfare agents by optical sensors is today a crucial target to prevent terroristic attacks by chemical weapons. Here the synthesis, characterization and detection properties of a new sensor, based on covalently functionalized carbon nanoparticles, are reported. This nanosensor exploits noncovalent interactions, in particular hydrogen bonds, to detect DMMP, a simulant of nerve agents. The nanostructure of the sensor combined with the supramolecular sensing approach leads to high binding constant affinity, high selectivity and the possibility to reuse the sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Tuccitto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (G.L.D.); (A.P.); (A.G.)
- Laboratory for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology–CSGI, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (G.T.S.); Tel.: +39-0957385201 (G.T.S.)
| | - Luca Spitaleri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (G.L.D.); (A.P.); (A.G.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (I.N.S.T.M.) Research Unit of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Li Destri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (G.L.D.); (A.P.); (A.G.)
- Laboratory for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology–CSGI, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Pappalardo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (G.L.D.); (A.P.); (A.G.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (I.N.S.T.M.) Research Unit of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonino Gulino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (G.L.D.); (A.P.); (A.G.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (I.N.S.T.M.) Research Unit of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Trusso Sfrazzetto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (G.L.D.); (A.P.); (A.G.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (I.N.S.T.M.) Research Unit of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (G.T.S.); Tel.: +39-0957385201 (G.T.S.)
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12
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Pappalardo A, Gangemi CM, Toscano RM, Sfrazzetto GT. A New Fluorescent Salen-uranyl Sensor for the Sub-ppm Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999200930150313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Real-time sensing of Chemical Warfare Agents (CWAs) is today a crucial topic to
prevent the lethal effects of a terroristic chemical attack. For this reason, the development of
efficient, selective, sensitive and reversible sensoristic devices, able to detect by optical response
ppm levels of these compounds, is strongly required. Here, the synthesis of a new fluorescent
sensor based on a salen-uranyl scaffold, functionalized with two bodipy moieties, and
its application for the detection of sub-ppm levels of CWAs is reported. Detection properties
were evaluated by fluorescence measurements and selectivity tests demonstrated the strong
affinity for CWAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pappalardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Universita degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara M.A. Gangemi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Universita degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Toscano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Universita degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Trusso Sfrazzetto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Universita degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95100 Catania, Italy
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13
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Abstract
Nerve agents (NAs) are a group of highly toxic organophosphorus compounds developed before World War II. They are related to organophosphorus pesticides, although they have much higher human acute toxicity than commonly used pesticides. After the detection of the presence of NAs, the critical step is the fast decontamination of the environment in order to avoid the lethal effect of these organophosphorus compounds on exposed humans. This review collects the catalytic degradation reactions of NAs, in particular focusing our attention on chemical hydrolysis. These reactions are catalyzed by different catalyst categories (metal-based, polymeric, heterogeneous, enzymatic and MOFs), all of them described in this review.
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14
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Evans R. The interpretation of small molecule diffusion coefficients: Quantitative use of diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 117:33-69. [PMID: 32471534 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Measuring accurate molecular self-diffusion coefficients, D, by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques has become routine as hardware, software and experimental methodologies have all improved. However, the quantitative interpretation of such data remains difficult, particularly for small molecules. This review article first provides a description of, and explanation for, the failure of the Stokes-Einstein equation to accurately predict small molecule diffusion coefficients, before moving on to three broadly complementary methods for their quantitative interpretation. Two are based on power laws, but differ in the nature of the reference molecules used. The third addresses the uncertainties in the Stokes-Einstein equation directly. For all three methods, a wide range of examples are used to show the range of chemistry to which diffusion NMR can be applied, and how best to implement the different methods to obtain quantitative information from the chemical systems studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Evans
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom.
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15
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Legnani L, Puglisi R, Pappalardo A, Chiacchio MA, Trusso Sfrazzetto G. Supramolecular recognition of phosphocholine by an enzyme-like cavitand receptor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 56:539-542. [PMID: 31829317 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07577a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The first example of supramolecular recognition of phosphocholine by a cavitand receptor has been reported here. The chemical structure of the receptor has been optimized by DFT calculations. The recognition mechanism is based on a "multi-topic approach", which leads to highly efficient (K value up to 107 M-1), selective and sensitive (ppb level) sensing of phosphocholine. The recognition mechanism proposed here is similar to those exploited by Nature, and paves the way for the realization of new sensors with important applications in medicine and security fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Legnani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Del Farmaco, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, Catania, 95125, Italy
| | - Roberta Puglisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | - Andrea Pappalardo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy. and INSTM Udr of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Chiacchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Del Farmaco, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, Catania, 95125, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Trusso Sfrazzetto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy. and INSTM Udr of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
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Gangemi CMA, Rimkaite U, Cipria F, Trusso Sfrazzetto G, Pappalardo A. Enantiomeric Recognition of α-Aminoacids by a Uranyl Salen-Bis-Porphyrin Complex. Front Chem 2019; 7:836. [PMID: 31850322 PMCID: PMC6902086 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ugne Rimkaite
- Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, University of Vilnius, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Federica Cipria
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Trusso Sfrazzetto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- I.N.S.T.M. - Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Pappalardo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- I.N.S.T.M. - Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- *Correspondence: Andrea Pappalardo
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