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Koester DL, Gomes LM, Dresch AP, Matsuo TT, Dos Santos DF, Bender JP, Deon VG, de Amorin SG, Quast LB, Pinto VZ. Biodegradable starch foams reinforced by food-chain side streams. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133386. [PMID: 38914407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Biodegradable starch foam trays offer an eco-friendly substitute for petroleum-based single-use packaging, notably polystyrene foams. However, they lack flexibility, tensile strength, and water-sensitivity, addressable through lignocellulosic reinforcement. This study aimed to develop biodegradable starch foam trays filled with different food-chain side streams for sustainable alternative packaging. Corncob, soybean straw, cassava peel, araucaria seed hull, yerba mate stalks and yerba mate leaves petiole were collected, dried and ground to <250 μm. The trays were filled with 13 % (w/w) of each food-chain side streams and produced by hot molding. The trays morphology, moisture, water activity (aw), thickness, bulk density, tensile strength, elongation at break, Young's modulus, bending strength, maximum deflection, and sorption isotherms were investigated. Reinforcements slightly increased the foams bulk density, reduced the tensile strength and maximum deflection and while bending strength increased from 0.20 MPa to 1.17-1.80 MPa. The elasticity modulus decreased by adding any filling, that resulted in ductility improvement; however, these packaging have moisture-sensitive material especially for aw higher than 0.52, which drives the use recommendation for dry products storage or shipping/transport. The biodegradable starch foam trays filled with side streams were successfully produced and offer excellent alternative to petroleum-based packaging low-density material with bending strength improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davi Luiz Koester
- Food Engineering, Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), BR 158 - Km 405, CEP: 85319-899 Laranjeiras do Sul, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luan Martins Gomes
- Food Engineering, Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), BR 158 - Km 405, CEP: 85319-899 Laranjeiras do Sul, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Aline Perin Dresch
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Technology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Rua Pioneiro, 2153, CEP: 85950-000 Palotina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tayla Tomie Matsuo
- Food Engineering, Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), BR 158 - Km 405, CEP: 85319-899 Laranjeiras do Sul, Paraná, Brazil
| | - David Fernando Dos Santos
- Food Engineering, Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), BR 158 - Km 405, CEP: 85319-899 Laranjeiras do Sul, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, CEP: 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), University of São Paulo (USP), Rua do Lago, 250, CEP: 05508-080 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Bender
- Food Science and Technology Gradutate Program (PPGCTAL), Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Rodovia BR 158 - Km 405, CEP: 85301-970 Laranjeiras do Sul, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Gonçalves Deon
- Mechanical Engineering, Federal Institute of Santa Catarina (IFSC), Rua Euclides Hack, 1603, CEP: 89820-000 Xanxerê, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Sandra Gomes de Amorin
- Food Science and Technology Gradutate Program (PPGCTAL), Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Rodovia BR 158 - Km 405, CEP: 85301-970 Laranjeiras do Sul, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Leda Battestin Quast
- Food Engineering, Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), BR 158 - Km 405, CEP: 85319-899 Laranjeiras do Sul, Paraná, Brazil; Food Science and Technology Gradutate Program (PPGCTAL), Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Rodovia BR 158 - Km 405, CEP: 85301-970 Laranjeiras do Sul, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vânia Zanella Pinto
- Food Engineering, Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), BR 158 - Km 405, CEP: 85319-899 Laranjeiras do Sul, Paraná, Brazil; Food Science and Technology Gradutate Program (PPGCTAL), Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Rodovia BR 158 - Km 405, CEP: 85301-970 Laranjeiras do Sul, Paraná, Brazil.
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Nagaraja S, Anand PB, H D S, Ammarullah MI. Influence of fly ash filler on the mechanical properties and water absorption behaviour of epoxy polymer composites reinforced with pineapple leaf fibre for biomedical applications. RSC Adv 2024; 14:14680-14696. [PMID: 38708115 PMCID: PMC11067436 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00529e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the impact of fly ash (FA) filler on the mechanical, morphological, and water absorption properties of pineapple leaf fibre (PALF)-reinforced epoxy composites for biomedical applications. PALF, sourced from abundant agricultural waste, offers a sustainable alternative to synthetic fibres. Employing the hand layup process, varying wt% of FA (3%, 6%, and 9%) are incorporated into PALF-reinforced epoxy composites with different PALF concentrations (10%, 20%, and 30%). Mechanical assessments, including impact, flexural, and tensile strength, reveal that the introduction of up to 6 wt% FA enhances tensile strength by 65.3%, reaching its peak at this concentration. Flexural strength also improves by 31.9% with 6 wt% FA, while impact resistance reaches its maximum (74.18% improvement) at 9 wt% FA. Water absorption measurements demonstrate a decrease with increased FA content and exposure period, indicating enhanced water resistance. Scanning electron microscopy confirms the uniform distribution of FA, contributing to improved mechanical characteristics and water resistance. Optimality tests using Taguchi and response surface methodology (RSM) further confirm the experimental outcomes, emphasizing the potential of FA to enhance natural fibre-reinforced composites. This research suggests FA as a promising filler to elevate mechanical performance and water resistance in environmentally friendly composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh Nagaraja
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, MVJ College of Engineering Bangalore 560067 Karnataka India
| | | | - Shivakumar H D
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, MVJ College of Engineering Bangalore 560067 Karnataka India
| | - Muhammad Imam Ammarullah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro Semarang 50275 Central Java Indonesia
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Kowalczyk Ł, Korol J, Chmielnicki B, Laska A, Chuchala D, Hejna A. One More Step towards a Circular Economy for Thermal Insulation Materials-Development of Composites Highly Filled with Waste Polyurethane (PU) Foam for Potential Use in the Building Industry. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:782. [PMID: 36676519 PMCID: PMC9864609 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of the building sector has created increased demand for novel materials and technologies, while on the other hand resulting in the generation of a severe amount of waste materials. Among these are polyurethane (PU) foams, which are commonly applied as thermal insulation materials. Their management is a serious industrial problem, due to, for example, their complex chemical composition. Although some chemical and thermochemical methods of PU foam recycling are known, their broader use is limited due to requirements related to the complexity and safety of their installation, thus implicating high costs. Therefore, material recycling poses a promising alternative. The incorporation of waste PU foams as fillers for polymer composites could make it possible to take advantage of their structure and performance. Herein, polypropylene-based composites that were highly filled with waste PU foam and modified using foaming agents were prepared and analyzed. Depending on the foam loading and the foaming agent applied, the apparent density of material was reduced by as much as 68%. The efficient development of a porous structure, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution computed micro-tomography, enabled a 64% decrease in the thermal conductivity coefficient. The foaming of the structure affected the mechanical performance of composites, resulting in a deterioration of their tensile and compressive performance. Therefore, developing samples of the analyzed composites with the desired performance would require identifying the proper balance between mechanical strength and economic, as well as ecological (share of waste material in composite, apparent density of material), considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Kowalczyk
- Central Mining Institute, Department of Material Engineering, Pl. Gwarkow 1, 40-166 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jerzy Korol
- Central Mining Institute, Department of Material Engineering, Pl. Gwarkow 1, 40-166 Katowice, Poland
| | - Błażej Chmielnicki
- Łukasiewicz Research Network–Institute of Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes, Center for Paints and Plastics, ul. Chorzowska 50A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Laska
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology and EkoTech Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Daniel Chuchala
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology and EkoTech Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aleksander Hejna
- Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
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Ru S, Zhao C, Yang S, Liang D. Effect of Coir Fiber Surface Treatment on Interfacial Properties of Reinforced Epoxy Resin Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173488. [PMID: 36080563 PMCID: PMC9459810 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coir-fiber-reinforced epoxy resin composites are an environmentally friendly material, and the use of coir fibers improves the mechanical properties of epoxy resin. In order to improve the interfacial adhesion between coir fibers and the epoxy resin matrix, microwave treatment, alkali treatment, acetic anhydride modification, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane modification and their reasonable combination method treatments were carried out on coir fibers, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the effects of the different treatments on the characteristics of the coir fibers, and single-fiber pullout tests were performed on the pullout specimens made from the above coir fibers. The results calculated by the proposed estimation method show that the combination method of alkali treatment and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane surface modification could better enhance the interfacial bonding ability between coir fibers and epoxy resin with an interfacial shear strength and pullout energy of 6.728 MPa and 40.237 N·mm, respectively. The principal analysis shows that the method can form both mechanical interlocking and chemical bonds at the interface to enhance the interfacial bonding ability. This study provides a more suitable method for improving the interfacial properties of coir-fiber-reinforced epoxy resin composites and has implications for the study of natural fiber composites.
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Van Cong D, Giang NV, Trung TH, Tuan PQ, Thai NT, Tham DQ, Van Tien M, Quang DV. Novel biocomposite from polyamide 11 and jute fibres: the significance of fibre modification with
SiO
2
nanoparticles. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Do Van Cong
- Institute for Tropical Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Vu Giang
- Institute for Tropical Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Tran Huu Trung
- Institute for Tropical Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Pham Quoc Tuan
- Institute for Tropical Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi Vietnam
- Environment Faculty Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Thai
- Institute for Tropical Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Do Quang Tham
- Institute for Tropical Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Mai Van Tien
- Environment Faculty Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Dang Viet Quang
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Phenikaa University Hanoi Vietnam
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Influence of Epoxy Resin Treatment on the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Hemp-Fiber-Reinforced Plant-Derived Polyamide 1010 Biomass Composites. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051228. [PMID: 33668952 PMCID: PMC7956458 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the influence of epoxy resin treatment on the mechanical and tribological properties of hemp fiber (HF)-reinforced plant-derived polyamide 1010 (PA1010) biomass composites. HFs were surface-treated using four types of surface treatment methods: (a) alkaline treatment using sodium chlorite (NaClO2) solution, (b) surface treatment using epoxy resin (EP) solution after NaClO2 alkaline treatment, (c) surface treatment using an ureidosilane coupling agent after NaClO2 alkaline treatment (NaClO2 + A-1160), and (d) surface treatment using epoxy resin solution after the (c) surface treatment (NaClO2 + A-1160 + EP). The HF/PA1010 biomass composites were extruded using a twin-screw extruder and injection-molded. Their mechanical properties, such as tensile, bending, and dynamic mechanical properties, and tribological properties were evaluated by the ring-on-plate-type sliding wear test. The strength, modulus, specific wear rate, and limiting pv value of HF/PA1010 biomass composites improved with surface treatment using epoxy resin (NaClO2 + A-1160 + EP). In particular, the bending modulus of NaClO2 + A-1160 + EP improved by 48% more than that of NaClO2, and the specific wear rate of NaClO2 + A-1160 + EP was one-third that of NaClO2. This may be attributed to the change in the internal microstructure of the composites, such as the interfacial interaction between HF and PA1010 and fiber dispersion. As a result, the mode of friction and wear mechanism of these biomass composites also changed.
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Influence of uniaxial compression on the shape memory behavior of vitrimer composite embedded with tension‐programmed unidirectional shape memory polymer fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kandemir A, Pozegic TR, Hamerton I, Eichhorn SJ, Longana ML. Characterisation of Natural Fibres for Sustainable Discontinuous Fibre Composite Materials. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13092129. [PMID: 32375396 PMCID: PMC7254363 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Growing environmental concerns and stringent waste-flow regulations make the development of sustainable composites a current industrial necessity. Natural fibre reinforcements are derived from renewable resources and are both cheap and biodegradable. When they are produced using eco-friendly, low hazard processes, then they can be considered as a sustainable source of fibrous reinforcement. Furthermore, their specific mechanical properties are comparable to commonly used, non-environmentally friendly glass-fibres. In this study, four types of abundant natural fibres (jute, kenaf, curaua, and flax) are investigated as naturally-derived constituents for high performance composites. Physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the natural fibres are examined to evaluate their suitability as discontinuous reinforcements whilst also generating a database for material selection. Single fibre tensile and microbond tests were performed to obtain stiffness, strength, elongation, and interfacial shear strength of the fibres with an epoxy resin. Moreover, the critical fibre lengths of the natural fibres, which are important for defining the mechanical performances of discontinuous and short fibre composites, were calculated for the purpose of possible processing of highly aligned discontinuous fibres. This study is informative regarding the selection of the type and length of natural fibres for the subsequent production of discontinuous fibre composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kandemir
- Bristol Composites Institute (ACCIS), Department of Aerospace Engineering, School of Civil, Aerospace, and Mechanical Engineering, Queen's Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK
| | - Thomas R Pozegic
- Bristol Composites Institute (ACCIS), Department of Aerospace Engineering, School of Civil, Aerospace, and Mechanical Engineering, Queen's Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK
| | - Ian Hamerton
- Bristol Composites Institute (ACCIS), Department of Aerospace Engineering, School of Civil, Aerospace, and Mechanical Engineering, Queen's Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK
| | - Stephen J Eichhorn
- Bristol Composites Institute (ACCIS), Department of Aerospace Engineering, School of Civil, Aerospace, and Mechanical Engineering, Queen's Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK
| | - Marco L Longana
- Bristol Composites Institute (ACCIS), Department of Aerospace Engineering, School of Civil, Aerospace, and Mechanical Engineering, Queen's Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK
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Abdel-Hamid S, Al-Qabandi O, N.A.S. E, Bassyouni M, Zoromba M, Abdel-Aziz M, Mira H, Y. E. Fabrication and Characterization of Microcellular Polyurethane Sisal Biocomposites. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244585. [PMID: 31847377 PMCID: PMC6943674 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, microcellular polyurethane (PU)-natural fiber (NF) biocomposites were fabricated. Polyurethanes based on castor oil and PMDI were synthesized with varying volume ratios of sisal fiber. The effect of natural fiber treatment using water and alkaline solution (1.5% NaOH) and load effect were investigated. Biocomposites were mechanically and physically investigated using tensile, viscoelasticity, and water absorption tests. The interfacial adhesion between PU and sisal fiber was studied using SEM. Short NF loads (3%) showed a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of the PU-sisal composite such as modulus of elasticity, yield and tensile strength up to 133%, 14.35 % and 36.7% respectively. Viscoelastic measurements showed that the composites exhibit an elastic trend as the real compliance (J’) values were higher than those of the imaginary compliance (J’’). Increasing NF loads resulted in a decrease of J’. Applying variable temperatures (120–80 °C) caused an increase in the stiffness at different frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.M.S. Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Chemical Engineering, the Egyptian Academy for Engineering and Advanced Technology, Affiliated to Ministry of Military Production, Al Salam city 3056, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.M.S.A.-H.); or (M.B.); Tel.: +20-26-5792-10 (S.M.S.A.-H.); +20-11-5967-5357 (M.B.)
| | - O.A. Al-Qabandi
- EQUATE Petrochemicals Company, P.O. Box 91717, Ahmadi 61008, Kuwait;
| | - Elminshawy. N.A.S.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port Fouad 42526, Egypt (E.Y.)
| | - M. Bassyouni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
- Materials Science Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October, Giza 12578, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.M.S.A.-H.); or (M.B.); Tel.: +20-26-5792-10 (S.M.S.A.-H.); +20-11-5967-5357 (M.B.)
| | - M.S. Zoromba
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia; or
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port-Said 42521, Egypt
| | - M.H. Abdel-Aziz
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia; or
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - H. Mira
- Nuclear Materials Authority, Cairo 11381, Egypt;
| | - Elhenawy Y.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port Fouad 42526, Egypt (E.Y.)
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