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Song Y, Long C, Wang Y, An Y, Lu Y. Advancements in multi-omics for nutraceutical enhancement and traits improvement in buckwheat. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-26. [PMID: 39160127 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2373282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.) is a typical pseudocereal, valued for its extensive nutraceutical potential as well as its centuries-old cultivation. Tartary buckwheat and common buckwheat have been used globally and become well-known nutritious foods due to their high quantities of: proteins, flavonoids, and minerals. Moreover, its increasing demand makes it critical to improve nutraceutical, traits and yield. In this review, bioactive compounds accumulated in buckwheat were comprehensively evaluated according to their chemical structure, properties, and physiological function. Biosynthetic pathways of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and fagopyrin were methodically summarized, with the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis. Although there are classic synthesis pathways presented in the previous research, the metabolic flow of how these certain compounds are being synthesized in buckwheat still remains uncovered. The functional genes involved in the biosynthesis of flavonols, stress response, and plant development were identified based on multi-omics research. Furthermore, it delves into the applications of multi-omics in improving buckwheat's agronomic traits, including: yield, nutritional content, stress resilience, and bioactive compounds biosynthesis. While pangenomics combined with other omics to mine elite genes, the regulatory network and mechanism of specific agronomic traits and biosynthetic of bioactive components, and developing a more efficient genetic transformation system for genetic engineering require further investigation for the execution of breeding designs aimed at enhancing desirable traits in buckwheat. This critical review will provide a comprehensive understanding of multi-omics for nutraceutical enhancement and traits improvement in buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Song
- Institute of Nanfan and Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chunlin Long
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxing An
- Institute of Nanfan and Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yinglin Lu
- Institute of Nanfan and Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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2
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Nandan A, Koirala P, Dutt Tripathi A, Vikranta U, Shah K, Gupta AJ, Agarwal A, Nirmal N. Nutritional and functional perspectives of pseudocereals. Food Chem 2024; 448:139072. [PMID: 38547702 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
An increase in the consumption of carbohydrate-rich cereals over past few decades has led to increased metabolic disorders in population. This nutritional imbalance in diets may be corrected by substituting cereal grains with pseudocereals that are richer in high-quality proteins, dietary fibers, unsaturated fats, and bioactive compounds (e.g., polyphenols and phytosterols) as compared to cereal grains. These nutrients have been associated with numerous health benefits, such as hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, anti-cancer, and hepatoprotective properties, and benefits against obesity and diabetes. In this review, the nutritional composition and health benefits of quinoa, amaranth, and buckwheat are compared against wheat, maize, and rice. Subsequently, the processing treatments applied to quinoa, amaranth, and buckwheat and their applications into food products are discussed. This is relevant since there is substantial market potential for both pseudocereals and functional foods formulated with pseudocereals. Despite clear benefits, the current progress is slowed down by the fact that the cultivation of these pseudocereals is limited to its native regions. Therefore, to meet the global needs, it is imperative to support worldwide cultivation of these nutrient-rich pseudocereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Nandan
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Pankaj Koirala
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Abhishek Dutt Tripathi
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| | - Urvashi Vikranta
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Kartik Shah
- Sargento Foods, 305 Pine Street, Elkhart Lake, WI 53020, USA
| | | | - Aparna Agarwal
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Food Technology, Lady Irwin College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Nilesh Nirmal
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
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Cai J, Tan X, Hu Q, Pan H, Zhao M, Guo C, Zeng J, Ma X, Zhao Y. Flavonoids and Gastric Cancer Therapy: From Signaling Pathway to Therapeutic Significance. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:3233-3253. [PMID: 39081701 PMCID: PMC11287762 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s466470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent gastrointestinal tumor characterized by high mortality and recurrence rates. Current treatments often have limitations, prompting researchers to explore novel anti-tumor substances and develop new drugs. Flavonoids, natural compounds with diverse biological activities, are gaining increasing attention in this regard. We searched from PubMed, Web of Science, SpringerLink and other databases to find the relevant literature in the last two decades. Using "gastric cancer", "stomach cancers", "flavonoid", "bioflavonoid", "2-Phenyl-Chromene" as keywords, were searched, then analyzed and summarized the mechanism of flavonoids in the treatment of GC. It was revealed that the anti-tumor mechanism of flavonoids involves inhibiting tumor growth, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, as well as inducing cell death through various processes such as apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis. Additionally, combining flavonoids with other chemotherapeutic agents like 5-FU and platinum compounds can potentially reduce chemoresistance. Flavonoids have also demonstrated enhanced biological activity when used in combination with other natural products. Consequently, this review proposes innovative perspectives for the development of flavonoids as new anti-GC agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Cai
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiyue Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qichao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huafeng Pan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maoyuan Zhao
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cui Guo
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Soosai D, Ramalingam R, Perumal E, Veeramani K, Pancras C, Almutairi MH, Savarimuthu LAR, Veeramuthu D, Antony S. Anticancer effects of rutin from Fagopyrum tataricum (tartary buckwheat) against osteosarcoma cell line. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:312. [PMID: 38374412 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09218-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study is analysisof the seeds of buckwheat (Fagopyrum sp.),member of the Polygonaceae family for isolation of rutin and its anticancer property againstOsteosarcoma celllines (SAOS2). The selected plant is traditionally used for diabetes and cancer. It has several biological properties such as antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-aging. PURPOSE Thirty-five buckwheat cultivars were obtained from Nepal Agriculture Genetic Resources Centre (NAGRC) Khumaltar, Kathmandu, Nepal, and Kumrek Sikkim. These plant varieties are scientifically evaluated their biological properties. METHODS Rutin wasfractionated from buckwheat seeds using methanol fraction and analysed for quality by HPLC method. The rutin fraction of the cultivar NGRC03731 a tartary buck wheat and standard rutin was used against Osteosarcoma cell lines (SAOS2) and human gingival fibroblast cells (hGFs) for anticancer activity. The cell viability using rutin fraction and standard rutin treated with SAOS2 cells were assessed by MTT assay. For further research, the best doses (IC-50: 20 g/ml) were applied. By using AO/EtBr dual staining, the effects of Rutin fraction on SAOS2 cell death were analysed. The scratch wound healing assay was used to analyse cell migration. Real-time PCR was used to analyse the pro-/anti-apoptotic gene expression. RESULTS The seeds with the highest rutin content, NGRC03731 seeds, had 433 mg/100 g of rutin.The rutin fraction treatment and standard rutin significantly reduced cell viability in the MTT assay, and osteosarcoma cells were observed on sensitive to the IC-50 dose at a concentration of 20 g/ml after 24 h.The SAOS2 cells exposed to rutin fraction at 20 g/ml and standard rutin at 10 g/ml exhibited significant morphological alterations, cell shrinkage and decreased cell density, which indicate apoptotic cells.Rutin-fraction treated cells stained with acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr) dual staining cells turned yellow, orange, and red which indicatesto measure apoptosis.The anti-migration potential of rutin fraction, results prevented the migration of SAOS2 cancer cells.Rutin-fraction significantly increased the expression of pro-apoptotic proteinsBad, using real-time PCR analysis (mRNA for Bcl-2 family proteins) resulted Bcl-2's expression is negatively regulated. CONCLUSION Osteosarcoma (SAOS2) cell lines' proliferation, migration, and ability to proliferate were reduced markedly by rutin fraction and it also causes apoptosis of Osteosarcoma cell lines (SAOS2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Soosai
- T.A.L. Samy Unit for Plant Tissue Culture and Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College (Autonomous), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 034, India
| | - Ravindhran Ramalingam
- T.A.L. Samy Unit for Plant Tissue Culture and Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College (Autonomous), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 034, India.
| | - Elumalai Perumal
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kaviarasan Veeramani
- T.A.L. Samy Unit for Plant Tissue Culture and Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College (Autonomous), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 034, India
| | - Charles Pancras
- T.A.L. Samy Unit for Plant Tissue Culture and Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College (Autonomous), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 034, India
| | - Mikhlid H Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, Riyadh 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leo Arockia Raj Savarimuthu
- T.A.L. Samy Unit for Plant Tissue Culture and Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College (Autonomous), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 034, India
| | - Duraipandiyan Veeramuthu
- Division of Phytochemistry and Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600034, India
| | - Stalin Antony
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610064, China
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Kreft I, Golob A, Vombergar B, Germ M. Tartary Buckwheat Grain as a Source of Bioactive Compounds in Husked Groats. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1122. [PMID: 36903982 PMCID: PMC10005392 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) originates in mountain regions of Western China, and is cultivated in China, Bhutan, Northern India, Nepal, and Central Europe. The content of flavonoids in Tartary buckwheat grain and groats is much higher than in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), and depends on ecological conditions, such as UV-B radiation. Buckwheat intake has preventative effects in chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and obesity, due to its content of bioactive substances. The main bioactive compounds in Tartary buckwheat groats are flavonoids (rutin and quercetin). There are differences in the bioactivities of buckwheat groats obtained using different husking technologies, based on husking raw or pretreated grain. Husking hydrothermally pretreated grain is among the traditional ways of consuming buckwheat in Europe and some parts of China and Japan. During hydrothermal and other processing of Tartary buckwheat grain, a part of rutin is transformed to quercetin, the degradation product of rutin. By adjusting the humidity of materials and the processing temperature, it is possible to regulate the degree of conversion of rutin to quercetin. Rutin is degraded to quercetin in Tartary buckwheat grain due to the enzyme rutinosidase. The high-temperature treatment of wet Tartary buckwheat grain is able to prevent the transformation of rutin to quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kreft
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Nutrition Institute, Tržaška 40, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleksandra Golob
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Blanka Vombergar
- The Education Centre Piramida Maribor, Park mladih 3, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Germ
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Yongliang B, Meiguo X, Roumin L, Weijun H, Shuyan H, Rong Z, Yiping G. Metabolomics and water migration analysis provides valuable insights into nutrient generation in Tartary buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum) seed germination. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2022.2117797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bai Yongliang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan, People’s Republic of China
- Key laboratory of Guangdong Food Intelligent Manufactory, Foshan University, Foshan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Meiguo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan, People’s Republic of China
- Key laboratory of Guangdong Food Intelligent Manufactory, Foshan University, Foshan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Roumin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan, People’s Republic of China
| | - He Weijun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan, People’s Republic of China
| | - He Shuyan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeng Rong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo Yiping
- College of Food Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Valido E, Stoyanov J, Gorreja F, Stojic S, Niehot C, Kiefte-de Jong J, Llanaj E, Muka T, Glisic M. Systematic Review of Human and Animal Evidence on the Role of Buckwheat Consumption on Gastrointestinal Health. Nutrients 2022; 15:1. [PMID: 36615659 PMCID: PMC9823958 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Buckwheat is a commonly cultivated crop with growing evidence that it is beneficial to gastrointestinal (GI) health. This systematic review summarizes the role of buckwheat in modifying GI health outcomes and microbiomes. METHODS Four medical databases and Google Scholar were systematically searched. Clinical trials, observational studies, animal in vivo, and in vitro studies with human and animal GI-derived samples were included. RESULTS There were 32 studies (one randomized controlled trial [RCT], one non-randomized trial, 3 observational, 9 in vitro, and 18 animal in vivo studies) included. In preclinical studies, buckwheat extracts were observed to have cytotoxic potential against human-derived GI cancer cell lines. Animals fed with buckwheat had lower GI mucosal inflammation, higher alpha diversity in the GI microbiome, and higher levels of fecal short-chain fatty acids. Human evidence studies and clinical trials were limited and predominantly of moderate risk of bias. The majority of in vitro studies with GI-derived samples and in vivo studies were reliable without restrictions in study design. CONCLUSION In vivo and in vitro studies show that buckwheat may have potential GI benefits due to its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory potential; however, human evidence remains limited, and its impact on health in humans remains to be elucidated in future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra Valido
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, 6207 Nottwil, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Lucerne, 6003 Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Jivko Stoyanov
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, 6207 Nottwil, Switzerland
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Frida Gorreja
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stevan Stojic
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, 6207 Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Christa Niehot
- Literature Searches Support, 3000 GA Dordrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica Kiefte-de Jong
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Health Campus The Hague, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erand Llanaj
- ELKH-DE Public Health Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Taulant Muka
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marija Glisic
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, 6207 Nottwil, Switzerland
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Tartary Buckwheat Flavonoids Improve Colon Lesions and Modulate Gut Microbiota Composition in Diabetic Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4524444. [PMID: 36016679 PMCID: PMC9398688 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4524444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat flavonoids (TBFs) exhibit diverse biological activities, with antioxidant, antidiabetes, anti-inflammatory, and cholesterol-lowering properties. In this study, we investigated the role of TBFs in attenuating glucose and lipid disturbances in diabetic mice and hence preventing the occurrence of diabetes-related colon lesions in mice by regulating the gut microbiota. The results showed that TBFs (1) reversed blood glucose levels and body weight changes; (2) improved levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and fasting insulin; and (3) significantly reduced diabetes-related colon lesions in diabetic mice. In addition, TBFs also affected the diabetes-related imbalance of the gut microbiota and enriched beneficial microbiota, including Akkermansia and Prevotella. The TBF also selectively increased short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, including Roseburia and Odoribacter, and decreased the abundance of the diabetes-related gut microbiota, including Escherichia, Mucispirillum, and Bilophila. The correlation analysis indicated that TBFs improved metabolic parameters related to key communities of the gut microbiota. Our data suggested that TBFs alleviated glucose and lipid disturbances and improved colon lesions in diabetic mice, possibly by regulating the community composition of the gut microbiota. This regulation of the gut microbiota composition may explain the observed effects of TBFs to alleviate diabetes-related symptoms.
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9
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Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Rice–Tartary Buckwheat Composite as Affected by In Vitro Digestion. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/2472513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of rice–tartary buckwheat composite (RTBC) as affected by in vitro digestion to explore the structure-activity relationship of the release of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) with the antioxidant activity of RTBC during in vitro oral, gastric, and intestinal digestion stages. The release of TPC and TFC from RTBC increased significantly after in vitro digestion (
), and the change of antioxidant activity was consistent with that of TPC and TFC. Compared with the initial stage of digestion, the antioxidant activity of RTBC was increased after digestion (
), and there was a strong correlation between antioxidant activity and the release of TPC and TFC (0.954 < R < 0.997;
). The phenolic compounds released in the oral, gastric, and intestinal digestion stages varied, and eight phenolic compounds were identified by UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS, namely, quercetin-3-O-robinoside-7-O-sophoroside, quercetin-3-O-neohesperidoside-7-O-glucoside, forsythobiflavone A, forsythobiflavone B, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside-7-O-glucoside, rutin, isoquercetin, and ferulic acid. These results indicated that in vitro digestion significantly increases the release of phenolic compounds and flavonoids from RTBC and there is a higher antioxidant activity after digestion than before digestion. The phenolic compounds released after digestion of RTBC are beneficial to health protection.
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10
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Mirazimi SMA, Dashti F, Tobeiha M, Shahini A, Jafari R, Khoddami M, Sheida AH, EsnaAshari P, Aflatoonian AH, Elikaii F, Zakeri MS, Hamblin MR, Aghajani M, Bavarsadkarimi M, Mirzaei H. Application of Quercetin in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancers. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:860209. [PMID: 35462903 PMCID: PMC9019477 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.860209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cellular signaling pathways contribute to the regulation of cell proliferation, division, motility, and apoptosis. Deregulation of these pathways contributes to tumor cell initiation and tumor progression. Lately, significant attention has been focused on the use of natural products as a promising strategy in cancer treatment. Quercetin is a natural flavonol compound widely present in commonly consumed foods. Quercetin has shown significant inhibitory effects on tumor progression via various mechanisms of action. These include stimulating cell cycle arrest or/and apoptosis as well as its antioxidant properties. Herein, we summarize the therapeutic effects of quercetin in gastrointestinal cancers (pancreatic, gastric, colorectal, esophageal, hepatocellular, and oral).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Dashti
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Tobeiha
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ali Shahini
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Raha Jafari
- Department of Medicine, Mashhad Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrad Khoddami
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Sheida
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Parastoo EsnaAshari
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Aflatoonian
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fateme Elikaii
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Melika Sadat Zakeri
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Mohammad Aghajani
- Infectious Disease Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Minoodokht Bavarsadkarimi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Mahdiyeh Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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11
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Zou L, Wu D, Ren G, Hu Y, Peng L, Zhao J, Garcia-Perez P, Carpena M, Prieto MA, Cao H, Cheng KW, Wang M, Simal-Gandara J, John OD, Rengasamy KRR, Zhao G, Xiao J. Bioactive compounds, health benefits, and industrial applications of Tartary buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:657-673. [PMID: 34278850 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1952161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat belongs to the family Polygonaceae, which is a traditionally edible and medicinal plant. Due to its various bioactive compounds, the consumption of Tartary buckwheat is correlated to a wide range of health benefits, and increasing attention has been paid to its potential as a functional food. This review summarizes the main bioactive compounds and important bioactivities and health benefits of Tartary buckwheat, emphasizing its protective effects on metabolic diseases and relevant molecular mechanisms. Tartary buckwheat contains a wide range of bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, triterpenoids, phenylpropanoid glycosides, bioactive polysaccharides, and bioactive proteins and peptides, as well as D-chiro-inositol and its derivatives. Consumption of Tartary buckwheat and Tartary buckwheat-enriched products is linked to multiple health benefits, e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiobesity, antihypertensive, and hepatoprotective activities. Especially, clinical studies indicate that Tartary buckwheat exhibits remarkable antidiabetic activities. Various tartary buckwheat -based foods presenting major health benefits as fat and blood glucose-lowering agents have been commercialized. Additionally, to address the safety concerns, i.e., allergic reactions, heavy metal and mycotoxin contaminations, the quality control standards for Tartary buckwheat and its products should be drafted and completed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dingtao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guixing Ren
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yichen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lianxin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianglin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pascual Garcia-Perez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Maria Carpena
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Miguel A Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ka-Wing Cheng
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingfu Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Oliver D John
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Green Biotechnologies Research Centre of Excellence, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, Sovenga, South Africa
| | - Gang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain.,International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Zhao Z, Cui X, Ma X, Wang Z. Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of antioxidant activity and bioavailability of a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) for buckwheat flavonoids. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:1265-1274. [PMID: 33216131 PMCID: PMC7731523 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system has shown many advantages in drug delivery. In this study, a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of buckwheat flavonoids was prepared for enhancing its antioxidant activity and oral bioavailability. A nanoemulsion of buckwheat flavonoids was developed and characterized, and its antioxidant, in vitro release, and in vivo bioavailability were determined. The nanoemulsion was optimized by the central composite design response surface experiment, and its particle size, polymer dispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, morphology, encapsulation efficiency, and stability were evaluated. The antioxidant activity was tested by measuring its 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and superoxide anion scavenging ability. In vitro release of buckwheat flavonoids nanoemulsion showed a higher cumulative release than the suspension, and the release fitting model followed the Ritger-Peppas and Weibull models. The effective concentration of the nanoemulsion was evaluated in vivo using a Wistar rat model, and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve of the buckwheat flavonoids nanoemulsion was 2.2-fold higher than that of the buckwheat flavonoid suspension. The Cmax of the nanoemulsion was 2.6-fold greater than that of the suspension. These results indicate that the nanoemulsion is a promising oral drug delivery system that can improve the oral bioavailability to satisfy the clinical requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiaodong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhuanhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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