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Shi W, Han W, Liao Y, Wen J, Zhang G. Inhibition mechanism of fisetin on acetylcholinesterase and its synergistic effect with galantamine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 305:123452. [PMID: 37769468 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The search for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors produced by natural sources is of great significance for the prevention and therapy of Alzheimer's disease and has been widely concerned. In this study, fisetin, a flavonoid compound of plant origin, displayed a mixed inhibition mode on AChE (IC50 = 8.88 ± 0.14 μM). Fluorescence spectra analysis revealed that fisetin statically quenched AChE fluorescence, and the ground state complex was formed by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Circular dichroism assays showed that fisetin induced AChE structure loosened with a decrease in α-helix structure (from 20.6 % to 19.5 %). Computer simulation exhibited that fisetin bound to both the peripheral anionic site (PAS) and the catalytic active site (CAS) and increased the stability of the AChE. Interestingly, the combination of fisetin and galantamine enhanced the binding affinity between AChE and galantamine and induced AChE structure further loosened, while the inhibition mode was still the mixed type. The heatmap analysis indicated that galantamine (0.2 μM) combined with fisetin (2.25 μM) had a significant synergy on AChE inhibition, probably because fisetin binding at the PAS-AChE induced conformation changes of the gorge and CAS, which enhanced galantamine binding affinity with CAS, and a further loose structure of AChE was induced by the mixture, so finally the interaction between the substrate and AChE was strongly affected. This work may offer a theoretical reference for the functional research of fisetin as a potential AChE inhibitor and an enhanced supplement for galantamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Wenxin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yijing Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jiaqi Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Guowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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Conceição RAD, von Ranke N, Azevedo L, Franco D, Nadur NF, Kummerle AE, Barbosa MLDC, Souza AMT. Structure-based design of new N-benzyl-piperidine derivatives as multitarget-directed AChE/BuChE inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1734-1748. [PMID: 37796142 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenic complexity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) demands the development of multitarget-directed agents aiming at improving actual pharmacotherapy. Based on the cholinergic hypothesis and considering the well-established role of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) in advanced stages of AD, the chemical structure of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor drug donepezil (1) was rationally modified for the design of new N-benzyl-piperidine derivatives (4a-d) as potential multitarget-direct AChE and BuChE inhibitors. The designed analogues were further studied through the integration of in silico and in vitro methods. ADMET predictions showed that 4a-d are anticipated to be orally bioavailable, able to cross the blood-brain barrier and be retained in the brain, and to have low toxicity. Computational docking and molecular dynamics indicated the formation of favorable complexes between 4a-d and both cholinesterases. Derivative 4a presented the lowest binding free energy estimation due to interaction with key residues from both target enzymes (-36.69 ± 4.47 and -32.23 ± 3.99 kcal/mol with AChE and BuChE, respectively). The in vitro enzymatic assay demonstrated that 4a was the most potent inhibitor of AChE (IC50 2.08 ± 0.16 µM) and BuChE (IC50 7.41 ± 0.44 µM), corroborating the in silico results and highlighting 4a as a novel multitarget-directed AChE/BuChE inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raissa Alves da Conceição
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry (LaSOQuiM), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natalia von Ranke
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Azevedo
- Laboratory of Molecular Diversity and Medicinal Chemistry (LaDMol-QM), Institute of Chemistry, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Daiana Franco
- Laboratory of Molecular Diversity and Medicinal Chemistry (LaDMol-QM), Institute of Chemistry, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Fonseca Nadur
- Laboratory of Molecular Diversity and Medicinal Chemistry (LaDMol-QM), Institute of Chemistry, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Arthur Eugen Kummerle
- Laboratory of Molecular Diversity and Medicinal Chemistry (LaDMol-QM), Institute of Chemistry, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Maria Letícia de C Barbosa
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry (LaSOQuiM), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessandra M T Souza
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Mir SA, Nayak B, Khan A, Khan MI, Eldakhakhny BM, Arif DO. An exploration of binding of Hesperidin, Rutin, and Thymoquinone to acetylcholinesterase enzyme using multi-level computational approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37811769 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2265492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, an intricate neurological disorder, is impacting an ever-increasing number of individuals globally, particularly among the aging population. For several decades phytochemicals were used as Ayurveda to treat both communicable and non-communicable diseases. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a widely chosen therapeutic target for the development of early prevention and effective management of neurodegenerative diseases. The primary objective of the present study was to investigate the binding potential between Rutin Thymoquinone, Hesperidin and the FDA-approved drug Donepezil with AChE. Additionally, a comparative analysis was conducted. These phytochemicals were docked with the binding site of the AChE experimental complex. The molecular dockings demonstrated that the Hesperidinh showed a better binding affinity of -22.0631 kcal/mol. The ADME/T investigations revealed that the selected phytochemicals are non-toxic and drug-like candidates. Molecular dynamics simulations were implemented to determine the conformational changes of Rutin, hesperidin, Thymoquinone, and Donepezil complexed with AChE. Hesperidin and Donepezil were more stable than Rutin, Thymoquinone complexed with AChE. Next, essential dynamics and defining the secondary structure of protein were to determine the conformational changes in AChE complexed with selected phytochemicals during simulations. Overall, the MD Simulations demonstrated that all complexes in this study achieved stability until 100 ns of the simulation period was performed thrice. The structural analysis of AChE was done using multiple search engines to explore the molecular functions, biological processes, and pathways in which AChE proteins are involved and to identify potential drug targets for various diseases. This present study concludes that Hesperidin was found to be a more potent AChE inhibitors than Rutin, and further experiments are required to determine the effectivity of Hesperidin against neurodegenerative diseases.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Showkat Ahmad Mir
- School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Odisha, India
| | - Binata Nayak
- School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Odisha, India
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad Imran Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basmah M Eldakhakhny
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deema O Arif
- Faculty of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Arcone R, D’Errico A, Nasso R, Rullo R, Poli A, Di Donato P, Masullo M. Inhibition of Enzymes Involved in Neurodegenerative Disorders and A β1-40 Aggregation by Citrus limon Peel Polyphenol Extract. Molecules 2023; 28:6332. [PMID: 37687161 PMCID: PMC10489013 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's diseases (PD) are multifactorial neurogenerative disorders of the Central Nervous System causing severe cognitive and motor deficits in elderly people. Because treatment of AD and PD by synthetic drugs alleviates the symptoms often inducing side effects, many studies have aimed to find neuroprotective properties of diet polyphenols, compounds known to act on different cell signaling pathways. In this article, we analyzed the effect of polyphenols obtained from the agro-food industry waste of Citrus limon peel (LPE) on key enzymes of cholinergic and aminergic neurotransmission, such as butyryl cholinesterase (BuChE) and monoamine oxidases (MAO)-A/B, on Aβ1-40 aggregation and on superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1/2 that affect oxidative stress. In our in vitro assays, LPE acts as an enzyme inhibitor on BuChE (IC50 ~ 73 µM), MAO-A/B (IC50 ~ 80 µM), SOD 1/2 (IC50 ~ 10-20 µM) and interferes with Aβ1-40 peptide aggregation (IC50 ~ 170 µM). These results demonstrate that LPE behaves as a multitargeting agent against key factors of AD and PD by inhibiting to various extents BuChE, MAOs, and SODs and reducing Aβ-fibril aggregation. Therefore, LPE is a promising candidate for the prevention and management of AD and PD symptoms in combination with pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Arcone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope”, Via Medina, 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (R.A.); (A.D.); (R.N.)
| | - Antonio D’Errico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope”, Via Medina, 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (R.A.); (A.D.); (R.N.)
| | - Rosarita Nasso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope”, Via Medina, 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (R.A.); (A.D.); (R.N.)
| | - Rosario Rullo
- ISPAAM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazzale Enrico Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Annarita Poli
- ICB, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (A.P.); (P.D.D.)
| | - Paola Di Donato
- ICB, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (A.P.); (P.D.D.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope”, Centro Direzionale Isola C4, 80143 Napoli, Italy
| | - Mariorosario Masullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope”, Via Medina, 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (R.A.); (A.D.); (R.N.)
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Vignaux PA, Lane TR, Urbina F, Gerlach J, Puhl AC, Snyder SH, Ekins S. Validation of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Machine Learning Models for Multiple Species. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:188-201. [PMID: 36737043 PMCID: PMC9945174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an important enzyme and target for human therapeutics, environmental safety, and global food supply. Inhibitors of this enzyme are also used for pest elimination and can be misused for suicide or chemical warfare. Adverse effects of AChE pesticides on nontarget organisms, such as fish, amphibians, and humans, have also occurred as a result of biomagnifications of these toxic compounds. We have exhaustively curated the public data for AChE inhibition data and developed machine learning classification models for seven different species. Each set of models were built using up to nine different algorithms for each species and Morgan fingerprints (ECFP6) with an activity cutoff of 1 μM. The human (4075 compounds) and eel (5459 compounds) consensus models predicted AChE inhibition activity using external test sets from literature data with 81% and 82% accuracy, respectively, while the reciprocal cross (76% and 82% percent accuracy) was not species-specific. In addition, we also created machine learning regression models for human and eel AChE inhibition to return a predicted IC50 value for a queried molecule. We did observe an improved species specificity in the regression models, where a human support vector regression model of human AChE inhibition (3652 compounds) predicted the IC50s of the human test set to a better extent than the eel regression model (4930 compounds) on the same test set, based on mean absolute percentage error (MAPE = 9.73% vs 13.4%). The predictive power of these models certainly benefits from increasing the chemical diversity of the training set, as evidenced by expanding our human classification model by incorporating data from the Tox21 library of compounds. Of the 10 compounds we tested that were predicted active by this expanded model, two showed >80% inhibition at 100 μM. This machine learning approach therefore offers the ability to rapidly score massive libraries of molecules against the models for AChE inhibition that can then be selected for future in vitro testing to identify potential toxins. It also enabled us to create a public website, MegaAChE, for single-molecule predictions of AChE inhibition using these models at megaache.collaborationspharma.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Vignaux
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Thomas R Lane
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Fabio Urbina
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Jacob Gerlach
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Ana C Puhl
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Scott H Snyder
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
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Gholami A, Minai-Tehrani D, Eriksson LA. In silico and in vitro studies confirm Ondansetron as a novel acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor. Sci Rep 2023; 13:643. [PMID: 36635365 PMCID: PMC9837033 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27149-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is growing rapidly among the elderly population around the world. Studies show that a lack of acetylcholine and butyrylcholine due to the overexpression of enzymes Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) may lead to reduced communication between neuron cells. As a result, seeking novel inhibitors targeting these enzymes might be vital for the future treatment of AD. Ondansetron is used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy or radiation treatments and is herein shown to be a potent inhibitor of cholinesterase. Comparison is made between Ondansetron and FDA-approved cholinesterase inhibitors Rivastigmine and Tacrine. Molecular docking demonstrates that interactions between the studied ligand and aromatic residues in the peripheral region of the active site are important in binding. Molecular dynamics simulations and binding pose metadynamics show that Ondansetron is highly potent against both enzymes and far better than Rivastigmine. Inhibitor activities evaluated by in vitro studies confirm that the drug inhibits AChE and BChE by non-competitive and mixed inhibition, respectively, with IC50 values 33 µM (AChE) and 2.5 µM (BChE). Based on the findings, we propose that Ondansetron may have therapeutic applications in inhibiting cholinesterase, especially for BChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Gholami
- grid.412502.00000 0001 0686 4748Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran ,grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Dariush Minai-Tehrani
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Leif A. Eriksson
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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Alhawarri MB, Dianita R, Rawa MSA, Nogawa T, Wahab HA. Potential Anti-Cholinesterase Activity of Bioactive Compounds Extracted from Cassia grandis L.f. and Cassia timoriensis DC. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:344. [PMID: 36679057 PMCID: PMC9862305 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors remain the primary therapeutic drug that can alleviate Alzheimer's disease's (AD) symptoms. Several Cassia species have been shown to exert significant anti-AChE activity, which can be an alternative remedy for AD. Cassia timoriensis and Cassia grandis are potential plants with anti-AChE activity, but their phytochemical investigation is yet to be further conducted. The aims of this study were to identify the phytoconstituents of C. timoriensis and C. grandis and evaluate their inhibitory activity against AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Two compounds were isolated for the first time from C. timoriensis: arachidyl arachidate (1) and luteolin (2). Five compounds were identified from C. grandis: β-sitosterol (3), stigmasterol (4), cinnamic acid (5), 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (6), and hydroxymethylfurfural (7). Compound 2 showed significant inhibition towards AChE (IC50: 20.47 ± 1.10 µM) and BChE (IC50: 46.15 ± 2.20 µM), followed by 5 (IC50: 40.5 ± 1.28 and 373.1 ± 16.4 µM) and 6 (IC50: 43.4 ± 0.61 and 409.17 ± 14.80 µM) against AChE and BChE, respectively. The other compounds exhibited poor to slightly moderate AChE inhibitory activity. Molecular docking revealed that 2 showed good binding affinity towards TcAChE (PDB ID: 1W6R) and HsBChE (PDB ID: 4BDS). It formed a hydrogen bond with TYR121 at the peripheral anionic site (PAS, 2.04 Å), along with hydrophobic interactions with the anionic site and PAS (TRP84 and TYR121, respectively). Additionally, 2 formed three H-bonds with the binding site residues: one bond with catalytic triad, HIS438 at distance 2.05 Å, and the other two H-bonds with GLY115 and GLU197 at distances of 2.74 Å and 2.19 Å, respectively. The evidence of molecular interactions of 2 may justify the relevance of C. timoriensis as a cholinesterase inhibitor, having more promising activity than C. grandis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram B. Alhawarri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jadara University, Irbid 21110, Jordan
| | - Roza Dianita
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Malaysia
| | - Mira Syahfriena Amir Rawa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Malaysia
- USM-RIKEN Interdisciplinary Collaboration for Advanced Sciences (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia
| | - Toshihiko Nogawa
- USM-RIKEN Interdisciplinary Collaboration for Advanced Sciences (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia
- Molecular Structure Characterization Unit, Technology Platform Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Habibah A. Wahab
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Malaysia
- USM-RIKEN Interdisciplinary Collaboration for Advanced Sciences (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia
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Wang Z, Zhan J, Gao H. Computer-aided drug design combined network pharmacology to explore anti-SARS-CoV-2 or anti-inflammatory targets and mechanisms of Qingfei Paidu Decoction for COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1015271. [PMID: 36618410 PMCID: PMC9816407 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1015271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Severe cases of COVID-19 are characterized by an intense inflammatory process that may ultimately lead to organ failure and patient death. Qingfei Paidu Decoction (QFPD), a traditional Chines e medicine (TCM) formula, is widely used in China as anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-inflammatory. However, the potential targets and mechanisms for QFPD to exert anti-SARS-CoV-2 or anti-inflammatory effects remain unclear. Methods In this study, Computer-Aided Drug Design was performed to identify the antiviral or anti-inflammatory components in QFPD and their targets using Discovery Studio 2020 software. We then investigated the mechanisms associated with QFPD for treating COVID-19 with the help of multiple network pharmacology approaches. Results and discussion By overlapping the targets of QFPD and COVID-19, we discovered 8 common targets (RBP4, IL1RN, TTR, FYN, SFTPD, TP53, SRPK1, and AKT1) of 62 active components in QFPD. These may represent potential targets for QFPD to exert anti-SARS-CoV-2 or anti-inflammatory effects. The result showed that QFPD might have therapeutic effects on COVID-19 by regulating viral infection, immune and inflammation-related pathways. Our work will promote the development of new drugs for COVID-19.
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Sun S, Shi T, Peng Y, Zhang H, Zhuo L, Peng X, Li Q, Wang M, Wang S, Wang Z. Discovery of pyrrole derivatives as acetylcholinesterase-sparing butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1043397. [PMID: 36561337 PMCID: PMC9763612 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1043397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inspired by the crucial roles of (hetero)aryl rings in cholinesterase inhibitors and the pyrrole ring in new drug discovery, we synthesized 19 pyrrole derivatives and investigated their cholinesterase inhibitory activity. As a result, compounds 3o, 3p, and 3s with a 1,3-diaryl-pyrrole skeleton showed high selectivity toward BChE over AChE with a best IC50 value of 1.71 ± 0.087 µM, which were comparable to donepezil. The pharmaceutical potential of these structures was further predicted and compounds 3o and 3p were proved to meet well with the Lipinsky's five rules. In combination of the inhibition kinetic studies with the results of molecular docking, we concluded that compound 3p inhibited BChE in a mixed competitive mode. This research has proved the potential of the 1,3-diaryl-pyrrole skeleton as a kind of selective BChE inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyuan Sun
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Honghua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Linsheng Zhuo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xue Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qien Li
- Tibetan Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Manxia Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Manxia Wang, ; Shuzhi Wang, ; Zhen Wang,
| | - Shuzhi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China,*Correspondence: Manxia Wang, ; Shuzhi Wang, ; Zhen Wang,
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China,*Correspondence: Manxia Wang, ; Shuzhi Wang, ; Zhen Wang,
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Mlakić M, Fodor L, Odak I, Horváth O, Lovrić MJ, Barić D, Milašinović V, Molčanov K, Marinić Ž, Lasić Z, Škorić I. Resveratrol–Maltol and Resveratrol–Thiophene Hybrids as Cholinesterase Inhibitors and Antioxidants: Synthesis, Biometal Chelating Capability and Crystal Structure. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196379. [PMID: 36234916 PMCID: PMC9573353 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
New resveratrol–thiophene and resveratrol–maltol hybrids were synthesized as cholinesterase inhibitors and antioxidants. As with photostability experiments, biological tests also found remarkable differences in the properties and behavior of thiophene and maltol hybrids. While resveratrol–thiophene hybrids have excellent inhibitory and antioxidant properties (similar to the activity of reference drug galantamine), maltols have been proven to be weaker inhibitors and antioxidants. The molecular docking of selected active ligands gave insight into the structures of docked enzymes. It enabled the identification of interactions between the ligand and the active site of both cholinesterases. The maltols that proved to be active cholinesterase inhibitors were able to coordinate Fe3+ ion, forming complexes of 1:1 composition. Their formation constants, determined by spectrophotometry, are very similar, lgK = 11.6–12.6, suggesting that Fe3+ binds to the common hydroxy-pyranone moiety and is hardly affected by the other aromatic part of the ligand. Accordingly, the characteristic bands in their individual absorption spectra are uniformly red-shifted relative to those of the free ligands. The crystal structures of two new resveratrol–maltol hybrids were recorded, giving additional information on the molecules’ intermolecular hydrogen bonds and packing. In this way, several functionalities of these new resveratrol hybrids were examined as a necessary approach to finding more effective drugs for complicated neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Mlakić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lajos Fodor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, P.O. Box 158, H-8201 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Ilijana Odak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Education, University of Mostar, Matice hrvatske bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Correspondence: (I.O.); (I.Š.)
| | - Ottó Horváth
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, P.O. Box 158, H-8201 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Marija Jelena Lovrić
- Group for Computational Life Sciences, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danijela Barić
- Group for Computational Life Sciences, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valentina Milašinović
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Krešimir Molčanov
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željko Marinić
- NMR Center, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zlata Lasić
- Teva api Analytical R&D, Pliva, Prilaz Baruna Filipovića 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Škorić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (I.O.); (I.Š.)
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11
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Sari S, Akkaya D, Zengin M, Sabuncuoğlu S, Özdemir Z, Alagöz MA, Karakurt A, Barut B. Antifungal Azole Derivatives Featuring Naphthalene Prove Potent and Competitive Cholinesterase Inhibitors with Potential CNS Penetration According to the in Vitro and in Silico Studies. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200027. [PMID: 35695705 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cholinesterase inhibition is of great importance in the fight against neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Azole antifungals have come under the spotlight with recent discoveries that underline the efficacy and potential of miconazole and its derivatives against cholinesterase enzymes. In this study, we evaluated a library of azoles against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase using in vitro and in silico methods to identify potent inhibitors. Low micromolar IC50 values were obtained for imidazole derivatives, which were further tested and found potent competitive cholinesterase inhibitors via enzyme kinetics study. The active derivatives showed negligible toxicity in in vitro cytotoxicity tests. Molecular modeling studies predicted that these derivatives were druglike, could penetrate blood-brain barrier, and tightly bind to cholinesterase active site making key interactions via the imidazole moiety at protonated state. Thus, current study identifies potent and competitive cholinesterase inhibitor azoles with minor toxicity and potential to pass into the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suat Sari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Didem Akkaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Merve Zengin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suna Sabuncuoğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Özdemir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Inönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - M Abdullah Alagöz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Inönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Arzu Karakurt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Inönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Burak Barut
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
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12
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Pourabdi L, Küçükkılınç TT, Khoshtale F, Ayazgök B, Nadri H, Farokhi Alashti F, Forootanfar H, Akbari T, Shafiei M, Foroumadi A, Sharifzadeh M, Shafiee Ardestani M, Abaee MS, Firoozpour L, Khoobi M, Mojtahedi MM. Synthesis of New 3-Arylcoumarins Bearing N-Benzyl Triazole Moiety: Dual Lipoxygenase and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors With Anti-Amyloid Aggregation and Neuroprotective Properties Against Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Chem 2022; 9:810233. [PMID: 35127652 PMCID: PMC8812461 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.810233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of coumarin derivatives linked to the N-benzyl triazole group were synthesized and evaluated against 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX), and acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase (AChE and BuChE) to find the most potent derivative against Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Most of the compounds showed weak to moderate activity against ChEs. Among the most active BuChE and 15-LOX inhibitors, 8l and 8n exhibited an excellent neuroprotective effect, higher than the standard drug (quercetin) on the PC12 cell model injured by H2O2 and significantly reduced aggregation of amyloid Aβ1-42, with potencies of 1.44 and 1.79 times higher than donepezil, respectively. Compound 8l also showed more activity than butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as the reference antioxidant agent in reducing the levels of H2O2 activated by amyloid β in BV2 microglial cells. Kinetic and ligand–enzyme docking studies were also performed for better understanding of the mode of interaction between the best BuChE inhibitor and the enzyme. Considering the acceptable BuChE and 15-LOX inhibition activities as well as significant neuroprotection, and anti-amyloid aggregation activities, 8l and 8n could be considered as potential MTDLs for further modification and studies against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Pourabdi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Natural Products, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Khoshtale
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Natural Products, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Beyza Ayazgök
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hamid Nadri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Farid Farokhi Alashti
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Natural Products, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Forootanfar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Akbari
- Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shafiei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, The institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Saeed Abaee
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Natural Products, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Loghman Firoozpour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoobi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, The institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mohammad M. Mojtahedi, ; Mehdi Khoobi, ,
| | - Mohammad M. Mojtahedi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Natural Products, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mohammad M. Mojtahedi, ; Mehdi Khoobi, ,
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13
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Discovery, biological evaluation and molecular dynamic simulations of butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors through structure-based pharmacophore virtual screening. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:769-784. [PMID: 33759552 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is a crucial therapeutic target because it is associated with multiple pathological elements of Alzheimer's disease (AD). An integrated computational strategy was employed to exploit effective BChE inhibitors. Methods & results: Ten compounds derived from the Enamine database by structure-based pharmacophore virtual screening were further evaluated for biological activity; out of the ten, only five had an IC50 of less than 100 μM. Among these five compounds, a new molecule, 970180, presented the most potency against BChE, with an IC50 of 4.24 ± 0.16 μM, and acted as a mixed-type inhibitor. Molecular dynamic simulations and absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion prediction further confirmed its high potential as a good candidate of BChE inhibitor. Furthermore, cytotoxicity of molecule 970180 was not observed at concentrations up to 50 μM, and the molecule also showed a prominent neuroprotective effect compared with tacrine at 25 and 50 μM. Conclusion: This study provides an effective structure-based pharmacophore virtual screening method to discover BChE inhibitors and provide new choices for the development of BChE inhibitors, which may be beneficial for AD patients.
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14
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Silva LB, Nogara PA, Halmenschelager PT, Alvim JC, Silva FD, Feitosa SC, Rocha JBT, Martins MAP, Zanatta N, Bonacorso HG. 7-Amine-spiro[chromeno[4,3-b]quinoline-6,1'-cycloalkanes]: Synthesis and cholinesterase inhibitory activity of structurally modified tacrines. Bioorg Chem 2021; 108:104649. [PMID: 33517001 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Five new examples of 9,10-chloro(bromo)-7-amine-spiro[chromeno[4,3-b]quinoline-6,1'-cycloalkanes] - in which cycloalkanes = cyclopentane, cyclohexane, and cycloheptane - were synthesized at yields of 42-56%, using a sequential one-pot two-step cyclocondensation reaction of three different scaffolds of 2-aminobenzonitriles and the respective spiro[chroman-2,1'-cycloalkan]-4-ones, and using AlCl3 as the catalyst in a solvent-free method. Subsequently, the five new spirochromeno-quinolines and nine quinolines previously published by us (14 modified tacrine scaffolds) were subjected to AChE and BChE inhibitory activity evaluation. The molecule containing a spirocyclopentane derivative had the highest AChE and BChE inhibitory activity (IC50 = 3.60 and 4.40 μM, respectively), and in general, the non-halogenated compounds were better inhibitors of AChE and BChE than the halogenated molecules. However, the inhibitory potency of compounds 3a-n was weaker than that of tacrine. By molecular docking simulations, it was found that the size of the spirocarbocyclic moieties is inversely proportional to the inhibitory activity of the cholinesterases, probably because an increase in the size of the spirocyclic component sterically hindered the interaction of tacrine derivatives with the active site of tested cholinesterases. The findings obtained here may help in the design and development of new anticholinesterase drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia B Silva
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Pablo A Nogara
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Paula T Halmenschelager
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Jéssica C Alvim
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Fernanda D'A Silva
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Sarah C Feitosa
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - João B T Rocha
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Marcos A P Martins
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Nilo Zanatta
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Helio G Bonacorso
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil.
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15
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Zhou Y, Hu Y, Lu X, Yang H, Li Q, Du C, Chen Y, Hong KH, Sun H. Discovery of a Selective 6-Hydroxy-1, 4-Diazepan-2-one Containing Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitor by Virtual Screening and MM-GBSA Rescoring. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820938526. [PMID: 32636723 PMCID: PMC7324897 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820938526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia characterized by the loss of cognitive abilities through the death of central neuronal cells. In this study, structure-based virtual screens of 2 central nervous system-targeted libraries followed by molecular mechanics/generalized born surface area rescoring were performed to discover novel, selective butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors, which are one of the most effective therapeutic strategies for the treatments in late-stage AD. Satisfyingly, compound 5 was identified as a highly selective low micromolar inhibitor of BChE (BChE IC50 = 1.4 μM). The binding mode prediction and kinetic analysis were performed to obtain detailed information about compound 5. Besides, a preliminary structure–activity relationship investigation of compound 5 was carried out for further development of the series. The present results provided a valuable chemical template with a novel scaffold for the development of selective BChE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhou
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanyu Hu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qihang Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenxi Du
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kwon Ho Hong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Haopeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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