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Xie J, Xiong S, Li Y, Xia B, Li M, Zhang Z, Shi Z, Peng Q, Li C, Lin L, Liao D. Phenolic acids from medicinal and edible homologous plants: a potential anti-inflammatory agent for inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1345002. [PMID: 38975345 PMCID: PMC11224438 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has been shown to trigger a wide range of chronic diseases, particularly inflammatory diseases. As a result, the focus of research has been on anti-inflammatory drugs and foods. In recent years, the field of medicinal and edible homology (MEH) has developed rapidly in both medical and food sciences, with 95% of MEH being associated with plants. Phenolic acids are a crucial group of natural bioactive substances found in medicinal and edible homologous plants (MEHPs). Their anti-inflammatory activity is significant as they play a vital role in treating several inflammatory diseases. These compounds possess enormous potential for developing anti-inflammatory drugs and functional foods. However, their development is far from satisfactory due to their diverse structure and intricate anti-inflammatory mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the various types, structures, and distribution of MEHP phenolic acids that have been identified as of 2023. We also analyze their anti-inflammatory activity and molecular mechanisms in inflammatory diseases through NF-κB, MAPK, NLRP3, Nrf2, TLRs, and IL-17 pathways. Additionally, we investigate their impact on regulating the composition of the gut microbiota and immune responses. This analysis lays the groundwork for further exploration of the anti-inflammatory structure-activity relationship of MEHP phenolic acids, aiming to inspire structural optimization and deepen our understanding of their mechanism, and provides valuable insights for future research and development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchen Xie
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Suhui Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yamei Li
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Bohou Xia
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Minjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhe Shi
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuxian Peng
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Chun Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Limei Lin
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Duanfang Liao
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Hu XY, Zhu SJ, Meng XH, Yu HF, Liu X, Zhang LY, Wei Y, Lei CW, Wei X, Zhou Y. Structural Elucidation and Total Synthesis for the Pair of Unprecedented Polypyridines with Anti-AChE and HIV-1 Protease Activities from Alangium chinense. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16047-16053. [PMID: 36354352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Unlike reported pyridine hybrids, 2S (1a) and 2R-alanginenmine A (1b) from Alangium chinense featuring an unprecedented piperidine-bridged polypyridine skeleton represented a pair of alkaloid subtypes with a unique multiple pyridine scaffold. Enlightened by the rare structural characteristics and possible biosynthetic pathway, (±)-alanginenmine A (1) have been achieved in ideal yield by gram-class total synthesis with four steps. In addition, both compounds 1a and 1b exhibited anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and HIV-1 protease activities in the biological activity evaluation. Further, molecular docking was investigated for the mechanism of action between the isolated compounds and HIV-1 protease. The stronger Coulomb interactions and van der Waals interaction, as well as the hydrogen bond interactions of 1a, might be the main cause for its better anti-HIV-1 protease activity than 1b. This work provided a comprehensive research including natural product discovery, bioactivity evaluation, and total synthesis for the new type of leading anti-HIV-1 protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shi-Jie Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Meng
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Hao-Fei Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Li-Yan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ying Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chuan-Wen Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xin Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
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3
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Sun J, Feng E, Shao Y, Lv F, Wu Y, Tian J, Sun H, Song F. A Selenium-Substituted Heptamethine Cyanine Photosensitizer for Near-Infrared Photodynamic Therapy. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200421. [PMID: 36149045 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a relatively safe approach to cancer treatment without significant systemic side effects or drug resistance. However, the current PDT efficiency is unsatisfactory due to the lack of near-infrared (NIR) photosensitizers. Heptamethine cyanine (Cy7) dyes are well-known NIR fluorophores and are also used as photosensitizers. But their singlet oxygen quantum yields (ΦΔ ) are not ideal. Herein, we developed an NIR photosensitizer with a long-lived excited triplet state (τ=4.3 μs) by introducing a selenium atom into the structure of a Cy7 dye. The new NIR photosensitizer exhibits a significantly high singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ =0.11). Its good PDT effect was demonstrated in the living cells. Considering that the selenium-substituted photosensitizer has a very low dark cytotoxicity and good chemical stability, we conclude that it will have a promising future in biomedical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling gong Road, Hi-techZone, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Erting Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling gong Road, Hi-techZone, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yutong Shao
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 72 Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Fangyuan Lv
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 72 Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Yingnan Wu
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 72 Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Jiarui Tian
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 72 Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Han Sun
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 72 Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Fengling Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling gong Road, Hi-techZone, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.,Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 72 Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
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Pan B, Li S, Xiao J, Yang X, Xie S, Zhou Y, Yang J, Wei Y. Dual Inhibition of HIV-1 and Cathepsin L Proteases by Sarcandra glabra. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175552. [PMID: 36080318 PMCID: PMC9457736 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impose a huge threat on human health due to rapid viral mutations. Thus, it is imperative to develop more potent antivirals with both prophylactic and treatment functions. In this study, we screened for potential antiviral compounds from Sarcandra glabra (SG) against Cathepsin L and HIV-1 proteases. A FRET assay was applied to investigate the inhibitory effects and UPLC-HRMS was employed to identify and quantify the bioactive components. Furthermore, molecular docking was carried out to get a glimpse of the binding of active compounds to the proteases. Our results showed that the SG extracts (SGW, SG30, SG60, and SG85) inhibited HIV-1 protease with an IC50 of 0.003~0.07 mg/mL and Cathepsin L protease with an IC50 of 0.11~0.26 mg/mL. Fourteen compounds were identified along with eight quantified from the SG extracts. Chlorogenic acid, which presented in high content in the extracts (12.7~15.76 µg/mg), possessed the most potent inhibitory activity against HIV-1 protease (IC50 = 0.026 mg/mL) and Cathepsin L protease (inhibition: 40.8% at 0.01 mg/mL). Thus, SG extracts and the active ingredients could potentially be used to prevent/treat viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2, due to their dual-inhibition functions against viral proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Sumei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Junwei Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shouxia Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.W.); Tel.: +86-0851-88233090 (Y.Z.)
| | - Jian Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.W.); Tel.: +86-0851-88233090 (Y.Z.)
| | - Ying Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.W.); Tel.: +86-0851-88233090 (Y.Z.)
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Liu Q, Wei Y, Hao Y, Yang J, Pan B, Yang X, Zhou Y, Wang X. Synthesis and Evaluation of Acylated Derivatives of Hederagenin as Inhibitors of HIV-1 and HCV NS3/4A Proteases. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221075083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infection imposes a major threat to human health. To develop new potent antiviral agents, Hederagenin (HE), a known inhibitor of HIV-1 and HCV NS3/4A proteases, was used as a starting material to synthesize 4 types of HE derivatives, HE-3,23-diacyl, HES-3,23-diacyl, HES-3-acyl, and HES-3-oxo-23-acyl. We evaluated the in vitro inhibitory activities of the derivatives against HIV-1 and HCV NS3/4A proteases. (3 β,23)-Di- O-diglutaryl-hederagenin (1b) and (3 β,23)-di- O-(3′,3′-dimethylsuccinyl-hederagenin ethyl ester (2b) exhibited potent inhibitory activities against the HIV-1 and/or HCV NS3/4A proteases with IC50 values < 10 μM, but did not appreciably inhibit general human proteases renin and trypsin. The SARs showed that dicarboxylic acid hemiesters of HE significantly enhance the antiviral activities when C3 or C23 are linked with 6 carbon acyl chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yongjia Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jian Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Bowen Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaosheng Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Fu S, Cheng R, Deng Z, Liu T. Qualitative analysis of chemical components in Lianhua Qingwen capsule by HPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap-MS coupled with GC-MS. J Pharm Anal 2022; 11:709-716. [PMID: 35028175 PMCID: PMC8740115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Lianhua Qingwen (LHQW) capsule is a popular traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of viral respiratory diseases. In particular, it has been recently prescribed to treat infections caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, due to its complex composition, little attention has been directed toward the analysis of chemical constituents present in the LHQW capsule. This study presents a reliable and comprehensive approach to characterizing the chemical constituents present in LHQW by high-performance liquid chromatography-Q Exactive-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap-MS) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). An automated library alignment method with a high mass accuracy (within 5 ppm) was used for the rapid identification of compounds. A total of 104 compounds, consisting of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, phenolic acids, phenylpropanoids, quinones, terpenoids, and other phytochemicals, were successfully characterized. In addition, the fragmentation pathways and characteristic fragments of some representative compounds were elucidated. GC-MS analysis was conducted to characterize the volatile compounds present in LHQW. In total, 17 compounds were putatively characterized by comparing the acquired data with that from the NIST library. The major constituent was menthol, and all the other compounds were terpenoids. This is the first comprehensive report on the identification of the major chemical constituents present in the LHQW capsule by HPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap-MS, coupled with GC-MS, and the results of this study can be used for the quality control and standardization of LHQW capsules. The chemical components of LHQW capsule were revealed using HPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap-MS and GC-MS. The approach combined HPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap-MS and GC-MS methods. A library alignment method was used for the rapid identification of the chemical components. In total, 120 compounds were putatively identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Rongrong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Tiangang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
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Owen L, Laird K, Shivkumar M. Antiviral plant-derived natural products to combat RNA viruses: Targets throughout the viral life cycle. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 75:476-499. [PMID: 34953146 PMCID: PMC9544774 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for new effective antivirals, particularly in response to the development of antiviral drug resistance and emerging RNA viruses such as SARS‐CoV‐2. Plants are a significant source of structurally diverse bioactive compounds for drug discovery suggesting that plant‐derived natural products could be developed as antiviral agents. This article reviews the antiviral activity of plant‐derived natural products against RNA viruses, with a focus on compounds targeting specific stages of the viral life cycle. A range of plant extracts and compounds have been identified with antiviral activity, often against multiple virus families suggesting they may be useful as broad‐spectrum antiviral agents. The antiviral mechanism of action of many of these phytochemicals is not fully understood and there are limited studies and clinical trials demonstrating their efficacy and toxicity in vivo. Further research is needed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of plant‐derived natural products as antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Owen
- Infectious Disease Research Group, The Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Katie Laird
- Infectious Disease Research Group, The Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Maitreyi Shivkumar
- Infectious Disease Research Group, The Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
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Role of Iron Chelation and Protease Inhibition of Natural Products on COVID-19 Infection. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112306. [PMID: 34070628 PMCID: PMC8198259 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the epidemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 callings for international attention to develop new effective therapeutics, no specific protocol is yet available, leaving patients to rely on general and supportive therapies. A range of respiratory diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis, have been associated with higher iron levels that may promote the course of viral infection. Recent studies have demonstrated that some natural components could act as the first barrier against viral injury by affecting iron metabolism. Moreover, a few recent studies have proposed the combination of protease inhibitors for therapeutic use against SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting the role of viral protease in virus infectivity. In this regard, this review focuses on the analysis, through literature and docking studies, of a number of natural products able to counteract SARS-CoV-2 infection, acting both as iron chelators and protease inhibitors.
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