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Liu S, Chen Y, Li X, Lv J, Yang X, Li J, Bai Y, Zhang S. Linking soil nutrients, microbial community composition, and enzyme activities to saponin content of Paris polyphylla after addition of biochar and organic fertiliser. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142856. [PMID: 39043271 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The application of organic fertilisers and biochar has become widespread in agroforestry ecosystems to enhance the yield and quality of crops and medicinal plants. However, their specific impact on both the yield and quality of Paris polyphylla (P. polyphylla), along with the underlying mechanisms, remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the distinct effects of organic fertiliser (at concentrations of 5% and 10%) and biochar application (at levels of 2% and 4%) on P. polyphylla saponin content. This content is intricately regulated by available soil nutrients, enzyme activities, and microbial community compositions and activities. Our results clearly demonstrated a significant increase in the saponin content, including total saponin, polyphyllin I (PPI), polyphyllin II (PPII), polyphyllin VI (PPVI), and polyphyllin VII (PPVII), in P. polyphylla following the application of both biochar and organic fertiliser. Moreover, in comparison to the control group, the addition of biochar and organic fertiliser led to a considerable rise in the activity of glycosyltransferase enzyme (GTS) and cycloartenol synthase (CAS) in P. polyphylla. Additionally, it increased soil available potassium (AK) and soil organic matter (SOM) concentration, along with the activity of urease, acid phosphatase, and catalase, although biochar amendment resulted in a decrease in nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) concentration. Crucially, our findings revealed a positive correlation between total saponin content and the activity of CAS in P. polyphylla, soil AK, SOM concentration, and the activities of urease, acid phosphatase, and catalase. Conversely, there was a negative correlation with NO3--N content. Furthermore, the application of organic fertiliser and biochar significantly influenced microbial community structures and specific microbial taxa. Notably, total saponin content exhibited a positive relationship with the relative abundances of Dehalococcoidia, Saccharomycetes, and Agaricomycetes taxa while showing a negative correlation with the abundance of Verrucomicrobiae. In conclusion, the observed increase in saponin content can be attributed to the modulation of specific microbial taxa in soils, as well as alterations in soil nutrients and enzyme activities resulting from the application of biochar and organic fertiliser. This study identifies a potential mechanism for enhancing saponin content in the artificial cultivation of P. polyphylla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouzan Liu
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Ye Chen
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Xin Li
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Junyan Lv
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Xing Yang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570100, China
| | - Jiao Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yan Bai
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Shaobo Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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Yan Q, Jia Y, Dong F, Shen Y, Li F, Zhang M. Metabolomics Uncovers the Mechanisms of Nitrogen Response to Anthocyanins Synthesis and Grain Quality of Colored Grain Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:19003-19015. [PMID: 39155472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is a key factor for plant growth and affects anthocyanin synthesis. This study aimed to clarify the potential mechanisms of N levels (LN, 0 kg·ha-1; MN, 150 kg·ha-1; HN, 225 kg·ha-1) in anthocyanin synthesis and grain quality of colored grain wheat. HN increased the yield component traits and grain morphology traits in colored grain wheat while decreasing the processing and nutrient quality traits. Most quality traits were significantly negatively correlated with the yield composition and morphological traits. Anthocyanin was more accumulated under LN conditions, but other related yield and morphological traits of colored grain wheat declined. The anthocyanin content was the highest in blue wheat, followed by that in purple wheat. Cyanidin-3-O-(6-O-malonyl-β-d-glucoside) and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside were the predominant anthocyanins in blue and purple wheat. The identified anthocyanin-related metabolites were associated with flavonoid biosynthesis, anthocyanin biosynthesis, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Therefore, the study provided information for optimizing nitrogen fertilizer management in producing high quality colored wheat and verified the close relationship between anthocyanin and low N condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Yan
- Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Yaqin Jia
- Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Fei Dong
- Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Yanting Shen
- Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Feng Li
- Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Minmin Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
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Dong P, Wang L, Chen Y, Wang L, Liang W, Wang H, Cheng J, Chen Y, Guo F. Germplasm Resources and Genetic Breeding of Huang-Qi (Astragali Radix): A Systematic Review. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:625. [PMID: 39194563 DOI: 10.3390/biology13080625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Huang-Qi (Astragali radix) is one of the most widely used herbs in traditional Chinese medicine, derived from the dried roots of Astragalus membranaceus or Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus. To date, more than 200 compounds have been reported to be isolated and identified in Huang-Qi. However, information pertaining to Huang-Qi breeding is considerably fragmented, with fundamental gaps in knowledge, creating a bottleneck in effective breeding strategies. This review systematically introduces Huang-Qi germplasm resources, genetic diversity, and genetic breeding, including wild species and cultivars, and summarizes the breeding strategy for cultivars and the results thereof as well as recent progress in the functional characterization of the structural and regulatory genes related to horticultural traits. Perspectives about the resource protection and utilization, breeding, and industrialization of Huang-Qi in the future are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbin Dong
- College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Lingjuan Wang
- Pingliang City Plant Protection Centre, Pingliang 743400, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Agricultural Water saving, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Liyang Wang
- College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wei Liang
- College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jiali Cheng
- College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Fengxia Guo
- College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Agarwal K, Mehta SK, Mondal PK. Unveiling nutrient flow-mediated stress in plant roots using an on-chip phytofluidic device. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3775-3789. [PMID: 38952240 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00180j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The initial emergence of the primary root from a germinating seed is a pivotal phase that influences a plant's survival. Abiotic factors such as pH, nutrient availability, and soil composition significantly affect root morphology and architecture. Of particular interest is the impact of nutrient flow on thigmomorphogenesis, a response to mechanical stimulation in early root growth, which remains largely unexplored. This study explores the intricate factors influencing early root system development, with a focus on the cooperative correlation between nutrient uptake and its flow dynamics. Using a physiologically as well as ecologically relevant, portable, and cost-effective microfluidic system for the controlled fluid environments offering hydraulic conductivity comparable to that of the soil, this study analyzes the interplay between nutrient flow and root growth post-germination. Emphasizing the relationship between root growth and nitrogen uptake, the findings reveal that nutrient flow significantly influences early root morphology, leading to increased length and improved nutrient uptake, varying with the flow rate. The experimental findings are supported by mechanical and plant stress-related fluid flow-root interaction simulations and quantitative determination of nitrogen uptake using the total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) method. The microfluidic approach offers novel insights into plant root dynamics under controlled flow conditions, filling a critical research gap. By providing a high-resolution platform, this study contributes to the understanding of how fluid-flow-assisted nutrient uptake and pressure affect root cell behavior, which, in turn, induces mechanical stress leading to thigmomorphogenesis. The findings hold implications for comprehending root responses to changing environmental conditions, paving the way for innovative agricultural and environmental management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushal Agarwal
- School of Agro and Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India.
| | - Sumit Kumar Mehta
- Microfluidics and Microscale Transport Processes Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India
| | - Pranab Kumar Mondal
- School of Agro and Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India.
- Microfluidics and Microscale Transport Processes Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India
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Guo L, Niu L, Zhu X, Wang L, Zhang K, Li D, Elumalai P, Gao X, Ji J, Cui J, Luo J. Moderate nitrogen application facilitates Bt cotton growth and suppresses population expansion of aphids ( Aphis gossypii) by altering plant physiological characteristics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1328759. [PMID: 38510447 PMCID: PMC10950987 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1328759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer in cotton field causes soil and water pollution as well as significant increase of aphid population. Reasonable fertilization is an important approach to improve agricultural production efficiency and reduce agriculture-derived pollutions. This study was aimed to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the Bt cotton physiological characteristics and the growth and development of A. gossypii, a sap-sucking cotton pest. Methods Five different levels of Ca(NO3)2 (0.0 g/kg, 0.3 g/kg, 0.9 g/kg, 2.7 g/kg and 8.1 g/kg) were applied into vermiculite as nitrogen fertilizer in order to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and development of Bt cotton and aphids. Results The results showed that the medium level of nitrogen fertilizer (0.9 g/kg) effectively facilitated the growth of Bt cotton plant and suppressed the population expansion of aphids, whereas high and extremely high nitrogen application (2.7 and 8.1 g/kg) significantly increased the population size of aphids. Both high and low nitrogen application benefited aphid growth in multiple aspects such as prolonging nymph period and adult lifespan, enhancing fecundity, and improving adult survival rate by elevating soluble sugar content in host Bt cotton plants. Cotton leaf Bt toxin content in medium nitrogen group (0.9 g/kg) was significantly higher than that in high (2.7 and 8.1 g/kg) and low (0.3 g/kg) nitrogen groups, but Bt toxin content in aphids was very low in all the nitrogen treatment groups, suggesting that medium level (0.9 g/kg) might be the optimal nitrogen fertilizer treatment level for promoting cotton seedling growth and inhibiting aphids. Discussion Overall, this study provides insight into trophic interaction among nitrogen fertilizer levels, Bt cotton, and cotton aphid, and reveals the multiple effects of nitrogen fertilizer levels on growth and development of cotton and aphids. Our findings will contribute to the optimization of the integrated management of Bt cotton and cotton aphids under nitrogen fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Guo
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Niu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Xiangzhen Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Li Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Dongyang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Punniyakotti Elumalai
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Xueke Gao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Jichao Ji
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Jinjie Cui
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Junyu Luo
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
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Sharma N, Kochar M, Allardyce BJ, Rajkhowa R, Agrawal R. Unveiling the potential of cellulose nanofibre based nitrogen fertilizer and its transformative effect on Vigna radiata (Mung Bean): nanofibre for sustainable agriculture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1336884. [PMID: 38357271 PMCID: PMC10864528 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1336884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Fertilizer management is crucial to maintaining a balance between environmental health, plant health, and total crop yield. Farmers are overutilizing fertilizers with a mind set to enhance the productive capacity of the field, which adversely impacts soil fertility and causes serious environmental hazards. To mitigate the issues of over-utilization of fertilizers, controlled-release fertilizers were developed using nitrogen fertilizer (ammonium chloride) loaded on cellulose nanofibres (named CNF*N). Methodology In this study, the effects of CNF*N were compared with commercial nitrogen fertilizer (ammonium chloride) on Vigna radiata (Mung) under greenhouse conditions. The pot experiment was conducted using six treatments: first treatment was control, where the plant was cultivated (T1); second treatment was T2, where the plant was cultivated with CNF to determine the impact of CNF on the plant; third was T3 where commercial ammonium chloride (24 mg/ 2 kg soil) was added to the plant; fourth was T4, where the plant was loaded with CNF, viz. CNF*N contains 4.8 mg of nitrogen; fifth was T5 CNF*N pellet contains 12 mg of nitrogen, and the last sixth treatment (T6) where CNF*N pellet containing 24 mg of nitrogen. Results It indicated that the growth parameters were best achieved in T6 treatment. Plant height was at its maximum in the T6 treatment (44.4 ±0.1cm) after the second harvest, whereas the minimum plant height was observed in T1, which was 39.1 ±0.1 cm. Root-to-shoot weight ratio was also maximum in T6 (0.183± 0.02) and minimum in T1 (0.07± 0.01) after second harvesting. The significant difference among the treatments was determined with Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD). The nitrogen content (available and total) was significantly higher in the T4, T5, and T6 treatments (0.22, 0.25, and 0.28%) as compared to the control treatments (T1 (0.12%), T2 (0.13%), and T3 (0.14%) during the second harvesting stage (90 days), as nitrogen plays a crucial role in the development of vegetative growth in Vigna radiata. The rate of controlled-release nitrogen-fertilizer was found to be optimal in terms of plant growth and soil nutrients; hence, it could potentially play a crucial role in improving soil health and the yield of the crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sharma
- The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Programme, TERI Gram, Gwal Pahari, Gurugram, India
- Deakin University, Institute for Frontier Materials, Geelong, Australia
| | - Mandira Kochar
- The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Programme, TERI Gram, Gwal Pahari, Gurugram, India
| | | | - Rangam Rajkhowa
- Deakin University, Institute for Frontier Materials, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ruchi Agrawal
- The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Programme, TERI Gram, Gwal Pahari, Gurugram, India
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Fan S, Xu Y, Qiu F, Liu J, Pan T, Li K, Li B, Diao Y. Bioinformatics-based and molecular docking study on the mechanism of action of Galla chinensis in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:387-402. [PMID: 35661413 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Based on transcriptome sequencing and molecular biology, the active ingredient of Galla chinensis in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers was identified, and its mechanism of action was analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Fan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Taowen Pan
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China.,Dalian Anti-infective Traditional Chinese Medicine Development Engineering Technology Research Center, China
| | - Kun Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yunpeng Diao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Dalian Anti-infective Traditional Chinese Medicine Development Engineering Technology Research Center, China
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Sun Y, Alseekh S, Fernie AR. Plant secondary metabolic responses to global climate change: A meta-analysis in medicinal and aromatic plants. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:477-504. [PMID: 36271675 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites (SMs) play crucial roles in plant-environment interactions and contribute greatly to human health. Global climate changes are expected to dramatically affect plant secondary metabolism, yet a systematic understanding of such influences is still lacking. Here, we employed medicinal and aromatic plants (MAAPs) as model plant taxa and performed a meta-analysis from 360 publications using 1828 paired observations to assess the responses of different SMs levels and the accompanying plant traits to elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2 ), elevated temperature (eT), elevated nitrogen deposition (eN) and decreased precipitation (dP). The overall results showed that phenolic and terpenoid levels generally respond positively to eCO2 but negatively to eN, while the total alkaloid concentration was increased remarkably by eN. By contrast, dP promotes the levels of all SMs, while eT exclusively exerts a positive influence on the levels of phenolic compounds. Further analysis highlighted the dependence of SM responses on different moderators such as plant functional types, climate change levels or exposure durations, mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation. Moreover, plant phenolic and terpenoid responses to climate changes could be attributed to the variations of C/N ratio and total soluble sugar levels, while the trade-off supposition contributed to SM responses to climate changes other than eCO2 . Taken together, our results predicted the distinctive SM responses to diverse climate changes in MAAPs and allowed us to define potential moderators responsible for these variations. Further, linking SM responses to C-N metabolism and growth-defence balance provided biological understandings in terms of plant secondary metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources/The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden, Memorial Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Wang L, Xiong F, Yang L, Wang B, Zhou G. Major Chemical Compounds and Mineral Elements of Astragalus membranaceus Cultivated on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with Different Planting Densities. Chem Biodivers 2021; 19:e202100778. [PMID: 34904789 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus is a well-known herb that is widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. However, its commercial development has been limited due to wild resource shortages. This study was conducted in 2018 and 2019 to assess the effect of planting density on the major chemical compounds and mineral elements and biomass yield of A. membranaceus. The biomass yield (7,700.956 kg) reached the maximum at M2 planting density in 2018. In 2019, astragaloside IV reached its maximum concentration (0.117 %) at M2 group, which was significantly different from the concentrations obtained at the other groups. Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (0.062 %) reach its maximum concentration in 2019 at M5, but not significant with M2. The concentration of major chemical compounds among the five groups in 2018 and 2019 all conformed to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia standards. In 2018, the mineral elements (Al, Ba, Fe, Li and Mn) content was higher at M2 than other groups. However, a general decrease in the mineral elements content was observed at M2 group in 2019. Enrichment analysis demonstrated that the enrichment capacity was highest for phosphorus. In conclusion, according to the TOPSIS results, M2 planting density was recommended as the optimal application. For optimal economic benefits, A. membranaceus should be harvested when it is 2 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Lucun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guoying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
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10
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Wang L, Xiong F, Yang L, Xiao Y, Zhou G. A Seasonal Change of Active Ingredients and Mineral Elements in Root of Astragalus membranaceus in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:3950-3959. [PMID: 33241436 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02486-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus is an important traditional Chinese herb whose roots have been used for medicinal purposes for more than 2000 years. Because of excessive exploitation, the wild resources are currently almost exhausted, and therefore, artificial planting of Astragalus membranaceus has been increasingly important. But to date, few studies have focused on the active ingredients and mineral element of Astragalus membranaceus in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.In this study, five density gradients (M1: 10 cm × 25 cm, M2: 15 cm × 25 cm, M3: 20 cm × 25 cm, M4: 25 cm × 25 cm and M5: 30 cm × 25 cm) were assessed to evaluate the effects of various planting densities on the mineral element and secondary metabolite content of Astragalus membranaceus roots in different months. It was found that the content of calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside and astragaloside IV reached its highest in October. Ononin content increased month by month, while formononetin content decreased during months. Calycosin content did not show significant changes during seasons. Taken together, these results suggest that the optimal planting density is 15 cm × 25 cm (D2) and the optimal harvest period is October. According to the results, the Cu content in all samples did not exceed the limit (20 mg/kg). Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that Na, P, K Al, Ba, Ca, Fe, Li, and Mn were selected as characteristic elements of Astragalus membranaceus. The results also showed a high correlation between elements and active ingredients. Ba and Co had extremely significant associations with astragaloside IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Xining, 810008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Xining, 810008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lucun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Yuanming Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Xining, 810008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guoying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China.
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Xining, 810008, China.
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Fan S, Shi X, Wang A, Hou T, Li K, Diao Y. Evaluation of the key active ingredients of 'Radix Astragali and Rehmanniae Radix Mixture' and related signaling pathways involved in ameliorating diabetic foot ulcers from the perspective of TCM-related theories. J Biomed Inform 2021; 123:103904. [PMID: 34474187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2021.103904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Traditional Chinese Medicine is more inclined to holistic thinking than most modern pharmacological research. The multiple components and targets of traditional Chinese medicine have become a stumbling block in the study of drug action mechanisms in the life sciences. The current study aimed to reveal the active ingredients of "Radix Astragali and Rehmanniae Radix Mixture (RA-RRM)" involved in ameliorating diabetic foot ulcers and to analyze the related signaling pathways. METHOD The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Data base and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) was used to screen the active ingredients in RA-RRM based on the evaluation of the molecular weight (MW), bioavailability (OB), and transport of these active ingredients across intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2) and the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The PubChem database was used to illustrate the structural formula and SMILES of these active ingredients in RA-RRM. The Swiss Target Prediction Database, DrugBank, Genecards, and CTD were used to predict the targets that were correlated with RA-RRM-based treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Cytoscape 3.7.0 software was used to construct the protein/gene interaction network diagram, compound target interaction network diagram, and target pathway network diagram for these active ingredients in the amelioration of diabetic foot ulcers in RA-RRM. Topological parameter calculations of target information using Cytoscape 3.7.0 software yielded drug-disease targets were used to reveal the relationship between key active ingredients in RA-RMM and targets of interest for the treatment of diabetic foot. The disease targets of drug action were imported into the David database (GO and KEGG analysis) to analyze the enriched pathways and biological processes. RESULTS The following results were obtained using the abovementioned screening and analysis. Fourteen key active ingredients in RA-RRM and 309 targets were found; among them, 85 targets were found to be related to diabetic foot ulcers using TCMSP. Twenty-three biological processes, 7 cell components and 14 molecular functions were found to ameliorate diabetic foot ulcers using GO analysis. In addition, 29 signaling pathways were found to be involved in RA-RRM-induced amelioration, including the NF-κB, TNF, TGF-β, VEGF, and HIF-1 signaling pathways, using KEGG analysis. CONCLUSIONS Based on current available evidence obtained from the abovementioned data/information databases and based on the perspective of TCM-related theories, the present study revealed the key active ingredients in RA-RRM and related signaling pathways in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers, promoting further studies on and clinical applications of RA-RRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Fan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- Pharmacy Department of Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Annan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Tiejun Hou
- Dalian Maiqike Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Kun Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China.
| | - Yunpeng Diao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Dalian Anti-infective Traditional Chinese Medicine Development Engineering Technology Research Center, China.
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Zhao C, Wang Z, Cui R, Su L, Sun X, Borras-Hidalgo O, Li K, Wei J, Yue Q, Zhao L. Effects of nitrogen application on phytochemical component levels and anticancer and antioxidant activities of Allium fistulosum. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11706. [PMID: 34221743 PMCID: PMC8236235 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Allium fistulosum L. has good nutritional value and is cultivated worldwide as an efficacious traditional medicinal plant. Its biological activities are attributable to its phytochemicals. Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development; however, the effect of nitrogen levels on the level of active components in this species is not well understood. Methods In this study, using urea fertilizer, we investigated the effects of different nitrogen levels (N0, N1, and N2 at 0, 130, and 260 kg/ha, respectively) on the phytochemical constituents , and antioxidant and anticancer properties of A. fistulosum. Results The results suggested that nitrogen fertilizers have a significant effect on the level of total phenols and flavonoids. The analysis of the antioxidant capacity revealed that the lowest IC50 values corresponded to plants treated with the highest nitrogen concentration. Anticancer activity was investigated against cancer cell lines (HeLa and HepG2), and the extracts of A. fistulosum treated with a high nitrogen level showed the highest antiproliferative effect. Collectively, our results suggest that nitrogen fertilizer application enhanced the quality of A. fistulosum, particularly its health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Shandong Provincial Key Lab. of Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Zhongjian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Shandong Provincial Key Lab. of Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Rongzong Cui
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Le Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Shandong Provincial Key Lab. of Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Xin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Shandong Provincial Key Lab. of Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Orlando Borras-Hidalgo
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Shandong Provincial Key Lab. of Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Kunlun Li
- Jinan Hangchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Jianlin Wei
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qiulin Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Shandong Provincial Key Lab. of Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Shandong Provincial Key Lab. of Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
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