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Lv J, Wang Q, Liu D, Chu CH, Zhou H, Li G, Wu J, Cai K, Tang C. Calcium phytate reverses high glucose-inhibited osteogenesis of BMSCs via the MAPK/JNK pathway. Oral Dis 2024; 30:1379-1391. [PMID: 37103891 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetes mellitus (DM) induces oxidative tissue impairment and suppresses bone formation. Some studies have shown that phytic acid has antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties. This study aimed to investigate the potential of calcium phytate (Ca-phytate) to reverse inhibited osteogenesis of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in a high glucose (HG) environment and to determine the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS hBMSCs were exposed to HG and palmitic acid to simulate DM in vitro. Osteogenic differentiation was measured using alkaline phosphatase staining and activity assay, alizarin red S staining, qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. A critical-size cranial defect model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats was established to evaluate bone regeneration. A specific pathway inhibitor was used to explore whether the MAPK/JNK pathway was involved. RESULTS Treatment with 34 μM Ca-phytate had the highest effect on osteogenic differentiation in HG. Ca-phytate improved cranial bone defect healing in T2DM rats. The long-term HG environment inhibited the activation of the MAPK/JNK signalling pathway, which was restored by Ca-phytate. Blocking the JNK pathway reduced the Ca-phytate-mediated osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. CONCLUSION Ca-phytate induced bone regeneration in vivo and reversed HG-inhibited osteogenesis of hBMSCs in vitro via the MAPK/JNK signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Lv
- Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiaona Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Oral Special Consultation, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongyu Liu
- Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Catherine Huihan Chu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthodontic, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Heyang Zhou
- Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kunzhan Cai
- Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunbo Tang
- Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
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2
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Salim R, Nehvi IB, Mir RA, Tyagi A, Ali S, Bhat OM. A review on anti-nutritional factors: unraveling the natural gateways to human health. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1215873. [PMID: 37720376 PMCID: PMC10501406 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1215873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are constantly facing multiple health challenges from both communicable and non-communicable diseases that significantly affect their health. Additionally, drug resistance or failure has made the situation even worse and poses serious challenges for researchers to develop new drugs. Hence, to address these problems, there is an urgent need to discover and develop timely and long-term-based therapeutic treatments from different sources. One such approach is harnessing the potential of plant secondary metabolites. Plants have been utilized for therapeutic purposes in addition to being used for nutritional benefits. In the last two decades, plant-based drug developments have been one of the effective means of treating human diseases owing to their multiple functions. More recently, anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) have emerged as one of the important targets for novel plant-based drug development due to their multifaceted and potential pharmacological properties. However, their anti-nutritional properties have been the major setback for their limited success in the pharmacological sector. In this review, we provide an overview of ANFs and their beneficial roles in preventing human diseases with multiple case studies. We also highlight the recent developments and applications of ANFs in the food industry, agriculture, and pharmaceutics with future perspectives. Furthermore, we evaluate meta-analyses on ANFs from the last 30 years in relation to their function in human health benefits. This review is an endeavor to reevaluate the merit of these natural compounds and explore their potential for both human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehana Salim
- Division of Food Science and Technology, SKUAST, Shalimar, India
| | | | - Rakeeb Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
| | - Anshika Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Owais M. Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
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Dong S, Zhao T, Wu W, Zhang Z, Wu J, Cai K, Li G, Lv J, Zhou H, Tang C. Sandblasted/Acid-Etched Titanium Surface Modified with Calcium Phytate Enhances Bone Regeneration in a High-Glucose Microenvironment by Regulating Reactive Oxygen Species and Cell Senescence. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:4720-4734. [PMID: 37491189 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes affect osteoblast function, leading to abnormal bone metabolism and implant failure. Adequate bone volume surrounding an implant is essential for osseointegration, which can be improved by implant surface modifications. In this study, titanium surfaces were hydrothermally treated with a mixture of phytic acid (PA) and calcium hydroxide to produce a calcium-decorated surface. The control group comprised pure titanium with a sandblasted/acid-etched (SLA) surface. The elemental composition, hydrophilicity, surface roughness, and morphology of the titanium surfaces were examined. Evaluation of in vitro osteogenic differentiation ability in a high-glucose environment using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, ALP activity assays, Alizarin Red S staining, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and immunofluorescence staining revealed that Ca-PA-modified SLA titanium surfaces can promote osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). Evaluation of oxidative stress and aging using reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and β-galactosidase staining revealed that Ca-PA-modified SLA titanium surfaces can reduce ROS production and ameliorate oxidative stress damage in hBMSCs. In vivo assessment of osteogenesis in a diabetic rat model revealed that Ca-PA coating promotes peri-implant osseointegration. Ca-PA-modified SLA titanium surface is a candidate for improving implant osseointegration in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Dong
- Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Zhewei Zhang
- Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Kunzhan Cai
- Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Jiaxin Lv
- Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Heyang Zhou
- Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Chunbo Tang
- Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
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Dilworth L, Stennett D, Omoruyi F. Cellular and Molecular Activities of IP6 in Disease Prevention and Therapy. Biomolecules 2023; 13:972. [PMID: 37371552 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IP6 (phytic acid) is a naturally occurring compound in plant seeds and grains. It is a poly-phosphorylated inositol derivative that has been shown to exhibit many biological activities that accrue benefits in health and diseases (cancer, diabetes, renal lithiasis, cardiovascular diseases, etc.). IP6 has been shown to have several cellular and molecular activities associated with its potential role in disease prevention. These activities include anti-oxidant properties, chelation of metal ions, inhibition of inflammation, modulation of cell signaling pathways, and modulation of the activities of enzymes and hormones that are involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Studies have shown that IP6 has anti-oxidant properties and can scavenge free radicals known to cause cellular damage and contribute to the development of chronic diseases such as cancers and cardiovascular diseases, as well as diabetes mellitus. It has also been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties that may modulate immune responses geared towards the prevention of inflammatory conditions. Moreover, IP6 exhibits anti-cancer properties through the induction of cell cycle arrest, promoting apoptosis and inhibiting cancer cell growth. Additionally, it has been shown to have anti-mutagenic properties, which reduce the risk of malignancies by preventing DNA damage and mutations. IP6 has also been reported to have a potential role in bone health. It inhibits bone resorption and promotes bone formation, which may help in the prevention of bone diseases such as osteoporosis. Overall, IP6's cellular and molecular activities make it a promising candidate for disease prevention. As reported in many studies, its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer properties support its inclusion as a dietary supplement that may protect against the development of chronic diseases. However, further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms of action of this dynamic molecule and its derivatives and determine the optimal doses and appropriate delivery methods for effective therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lowell Dilworth
- Department of Pathology, The University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Dewayne Stennett
- The Transitional Year Programme, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2E8, Canada
| | - Felix Omoruyi
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
- Department of Health Sciences, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
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5
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Druzijanic A, Kovic M, Roguljic M, Cigic L, Majstorovic M, Vucenik I. Application of Inositol Hexaphosphate and Inositol in Dental Medicine: An Overview. Biomolecules 2023; 13:913. [PMID: 37371493 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylated inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) is a naturally occurring carbohydrate, and its parent compound, myoinositol (Ins), is abundantly present in plants, particularly in certain high-fiber diets, but also in mammalian cells, where they regulate essential cellular functions. IP6 has profound modulation effects on macrophages, which warrants further research on the therapeutic benefits of IP6 for inflammatory diseases. Here, we review IP6 as a promising compound that has the potential to be used in various areas of dentistry, including endodontics, restorative dentistry, implantology, and oral hygiene products, due to its unique structure and characteristic properties. Available as a dietary supplement, IP6 + Ins has been shown to enhance the anti-inflammatory effect associated with preventing and suppressing the progression of chronic dental inflammatory diseases. IP6 in dentistry is now substantial, and this narrative review presents and discusses the different applications proposed in the literature and gives insights into future use of IP6 in the fields of orthodontics, periodontics, implants, and pediatric dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Druzijanic
- Department of Dental Medicine, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Mare Kovic
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Marija Roguljic
- Department of Dental Medicine, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Livia Cigic
- Department of Dental Medicine, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Martina Majstorovic
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, 650 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ivana Vucenik
- Department of Medical and Research Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 100 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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6
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Mishra N, Pal S, Sharma M, Nisha R, Raj Pal R, Singh P, Singh S, Maurya P, Singh N, Ranjan Mishra P, Saraf SA. Crosslinked and PEGylated Pectin Chitosan Nanoparticles for Delivery of Phytic Acid to Colon. Int J Pharm 2023; 639:122937. [PMID: 37068717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharide-based nanoparticles (NPs) such as pectin/ chitosan (PN/CN) had always been of greatest interest because of their excellent solubility, biocompatibility, and higher suitability for oral drug delivery. This study employed blending-crosslinking of polymers (PN&CN) followed by emulsification-solvent evaporation to prepare and compare two sets of PEGylated NPs to deliver phytic acid (IP6) to colon orally as it has potential to manage colon cancer but fails to reach colon when ingested in pure form. The first set was crosslinked with Glutaraldehyde (GE) (GE*PN-CN-NPs) while the second set was crosslinked with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) (TPP*PN-CN-NPs). IP6-loaded-GE/TPP*PN-CN-NPs were optimized using a central composite design. Developed TPP*PN-CN-NPs had a smaller size (210.6±7.93nm) than GE*PN-CN-NPs (557.2±5.027nm). Prepared NPs showed <12% IP6 release at pH 1.2 whereas >80% release was observed at pH 7.4. Further, NPs were explored for cytocompatibility in J774.2 cell lines, cytotoxicity, and cellular uptake in HT-29 and DLD-1 cell lines. While exhibiting substantial cytotoxicity and cellular uptake in HT-29 and DLD-1, the NPs were deemedsafe in J774.2. The PEGylated-TPP*PN-CN-NPs showed time-dependent uptake in J774.2 cell lines. Conclusively, the employed NP development method successfully delivered IP6 to colon and may also open avenues for the oral delivery of other drugs to colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Surbhi Pal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhu Sharma
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raquibun Nisha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Raj Pal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priya Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Samipta Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priyanka Maurya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neelu Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prabhat Ranjan Mishra
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shubhini A Saraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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7
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Sanchis P, Prieto RM, Konieczna J, Grases F, Abete I, Salas-Salvadó J, Martín V, Ruiz-Canela M, Babio N, García-Gavilán JF, Goday A, Costa-Bauza A, Martínez JA, Romaguera D. Estimated Phytate Intake Is Associated with Bone Mineral Density in Mediterranean Postmenopausal Women. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071791. [PMID: 37049631 PMCID: PMC10097286 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this work was to explore the association of dietary phytate intake with bone mineral density (BMD) in a Mediterranean population of postmenopausal women. For this purpose, a cross-sectional analysis of 561 women aged 55-75 years with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome from a Mediterranean area and with data on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans in femur and lumbar spine was performed. Estimated phytate intake was calculated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Our results indicated that phytate intake was associated with BMD [β(95%CI) per each 25 mg/100 kcal] in femoral neck [0.023(0.060-0.040) g/cm2], femoral Ward's triangle [0.033(0.013-0.054) g/cm2], total femur [0.018(0.001-0.035) g/cm2], and all the analyzed lumbar spine sites [L1-L4: 0.033(0.007-0.059) g/cm2] after adjusting for potential confounders. The sensitivity analysis showed that phytate intake was directly associated with lumbar spine BMD in women younger than 66 years, with a body mass index higher than 32.6 kg/cm2 and without type 2 diabetes (all p-for interactions < 0.05). The overall results indicated that phytate, a substance present in food as cereals, legumes and nuts, was positively associated with BMD in Mediterranean postmenopausal women. Phytate may have a protective effect on bone resorption by adsorbing on the surfaces of HAP. Nevertheless, large, long-term, and randomized prospective clinical studies must be performed to assess the possible benefits of phytate consumption on BMD in postmenopausal women.
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Grants
- NIH 1R01DK127601 NIH HHS
- Advanced Research Grant 2014-2019; agreement #34091 European Research Council
- PI13/00673, PI13/00492, PI13/00272, PI13/01123, PI13/00462,PI13/00233, PI13/02184, PI13/00728, PI13/01090, PI13/01056, PI14/01722,PI14/00636, PI14/00618, PI14/00696, PI14/01206, PI14/01919,PI14/00853,PI14/01374, PI14/00972, PI14/00728, PI14/01471, PI16/00 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Sanchis
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Science Research (IUNICS), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael María Prieto
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Science Research (IUNICS), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jadwiga Konieczna
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Nutritional Epidemiology & Cardiovascular Physiopathology (NUTRECOR), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Félix Grases
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Science Research (IUNICS), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Itziar Abete
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Vicente Martín
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nancy Babio
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Jesús Francisco García-Gavilán
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Albert Goday
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonia Costa-Bauza
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Science Research (IUNICS), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Alfredo Martínez
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Nutritional Epidemiology & Cardiovascular Physiopathology (NUTRECOR), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Sanchis P, Calvo P, Pujol A, Rivera R, Berga F, Fortuny R, Costa-Bauza A, Grases F, Masmiquel L. Daily phytate intake increases adiponectin levels among patients with diabetes type 2: a randomized crossover trial. Nutr Diabetes 2023; 13:2. [PMID: 36854678 PMCID: PMC9975181 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-023-00231-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Adiponectin, a major adipokine secreted by adipose tissue, has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity. Myo-inositol hexaphosphate (phytate; InsP6) is a natural compound that is abundant in cereals, legumes, and nuts that has demonstrated to have different beneficial properties in patients with diabetes type 2. METHODS We performed a randomized crossover trial to investigate the impact of daily consumption of InsP6 on serum levels of adiponectin, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM; n = 39). Thus, we measure serum levels of these inflammatory markers, classic vascular risk factors, and urinary InsP6 at baseline and at the end of the intervention period. RESULTS Patients who consumed InsP6 supplements for 3 months had higher levels of adiponectin and lower HbA1c than those who did not consume InsP6. No differences were found in TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta. CONCLUSION This is the first report to show that consumption of InsP6 increases plasma adiponectin concentration in patients with T2DM. Consequently, our findings indicate that following a phytate-rich diet has beneficial effects on adiponectin and HbA1c concentrations and it could help to prevent or minimize diabetic-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Sanchis
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Balearic Islands, Institute of Health Sciences Research [IUNICS- IdISBa], 07122, Palma of Mallorca, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Vascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Group, Endocrinology Department, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences Research [IdISBa], 07198, Palma of Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Paula Calvo
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Balearic Islands, Institute of Health Sciences Research [IUNICS- IdISBa], 07122, Palma of Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antelm Pujol
- Vascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Group, Endocrinology Department, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences Research [IdISBa], 07198, Palma of Mallorca, Spain
| | - Rosmeri Rivera
- Vascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Group, Endocrinology Department, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences Research [IdISBa], 07198, Palma of Mallorca, Spain
| | - Francisco Berga
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Balearic Islands, Institute of Health Sciences Research [IUNICS- IdISBa], 07122, Palma of Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Regina Fortuny
- Vascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Group, Endocrinology Department, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences Research [IdISBa], 07198, Palma of Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonia Costa-Bauza
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Balearic Islands, Institute of Health Sciences Research [IUNICS- IdISBa], 07122, Palma of Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felix Grases
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Balearic Islands, Institute of Health Sciences Research [IUNICS- IdISBa], 07122, Palma of Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Masmiquel
- Vascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Group, Endocrinology Department, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences Research [IdISBa], 07198, Palma of Mallorca, Spain.
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Pujol A, Sanchis P, Grases F, Masmiquel L. Phytate Intake, Health and Disease: "Let Thy Food Be Thy Medicine and Medicine Be Thy Food". Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010146. [PMID: 36671007 PMCID: PMC9855079 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytate (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate or InsP6) is the main phosphorus reservoir that is present in almost all wholegrains, legumes, and oilseeds. It is a major component of the Mediterranean and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diets. Phytate is recognized as a nutraceutical and is classified by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS). Phytate has been shown to be effective in treating or preventing certain diseases. Phytate has been shown to inhibit calcium salt crystallization and, therefore, to reduce vascular calcifications, calcium renal calculi and soft tissue calcifications. Moreover, the adsorption of phytate to the crystal faces can inhibit hydroxyapatite dissolution and bone resorption, thereby playing a role in the treatment/prevention of bone mass loss. Phytate has a potent antioxidation and anti-inflammatory action. It is capable of inhibiting lipid peroxidation through iron chelation, reducing iron-related free radical generation. As this has the effect of mitigating neuronal damage and loss, phytate shows promise in the treatment/prevention of neurodegenerative disease. It is reported that phytate improves lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, increases adiponectin, decreases leptin and reduces protein glycation, which is linked with macrovascular and microvascular diabetes complications. In this review, we summarize the benefits of phytate intake as seen in in vitro, animal model, epidemiological and clinical trials, and we also identify questions to answer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antelm Pujol
- Vascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Group, Endocrinology Department, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07198 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Pilar Sanchis
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, Deptartment of Chemistry, University of Balearic Islands, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands, (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Felix Grases
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, Deptartment of Chemistry, University of Balearic Islands, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands, (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Luis Masmiquel
- Vascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Group, Endocrinology Department, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07198 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (L.M.)
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Pires SMG, Reis RS, Cardoso SM, Pezzani R, Paredes-Osses E, Seilkhan A, Ydyrys A, Martorell M, Sönmez Gürer E, Setzer WN, Abdull Razis AF, Modu B, Calina D, Sharifi-Rad J. Phytates as a natural source for health promotion: A critical evaluation of clinical trials. Front Chem 2023; 11:1174109. [PMID: 37123871 PMCID: PMC10140425 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1174109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytates are a type of organophosphorus compound produced in terrestrial ecosystems by plants. In plant feeds, phytic acid and its salt form, phytate, account for 60%-80% of total phosphorus. Because phytate is a polyanionic molecule, it can chelate positively charged cations such as calcium, iron, and zinc. Due to its prevalence in vegetal tissues and the fact that people consume plants, phytate was first considered a potential health benefit. This updated review aims to summarize the current data on the results of clinical trials of phytates on human health, highlighting both beneficial and undesirable effects. To obtain these updated data, published papers in electronic databases such as PubMed/MedLine, TRIP database, Wiley, Google Scholar, Baidu, and Scopus were searched. Study results have shown that phytate can have beneficial health effects such as antioxidant, anticancer potential and reduction of pathological calcifications in blood vessels and organs; but also, negative effects by reducing the absorption of minerals important for maintaining the homeostasis of the human body. According to these recent results derived from recent clinical studies, phytates may be a potential natural source for health benefits. To improve clinical efficacy and human health benefits, further dose-response studies are needed to determine effective therapeutic doses and potential interactions with conventional drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia M. G. Pires
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Silva Reis
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana M. Cardoso
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Susana M. Cardoso, ; Miquel Martorell, ; Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis, ; Daniela Calina, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad,
| | - Raffaele Pezzani
- Phytotherapy Lab (PhT-Lab), Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- AIROB, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca Oncologica di Base, Padova, Italy
| | - Esteban Paredes-Osses
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Las Américas, Chile
| | - Ainur Seilkhan
- Educational Program, Geography, Environment and Service Sector, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Alibek Ydyrys
- Biomedical Research Centre, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Centre for Healthy Living, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- *Correspondence: Susana M. Cardoso, ; Miquel Martorell, ; Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis, ; Daniela Calina, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad,
| | - Eda Sönmez Gürer
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Türkiye
| | - William N. Setzer
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, Lehi, UT, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, United States
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Susana M. Cardoso, ; Miquel Martorell, ; Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis, ; Daniela Calina, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad,
| | - Babagana Modu
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno, Nigeria
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
- *Correspondence: Susana M. Cardoso, ; Miquel Martorell, ; Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis, ; Daniela Calina, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad,
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
- *Correspondence: Susana M. Cardoso, ; Miquel Martorell, ; Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis, ; Daniela Calina, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad,
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Balance of Macrophage Activation by a Complex Coacervate-Based Adhesive Drug Carrier Facilitates Diabetic Wound Healing. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122351. [PMID: 36552559 PMCID: PMC9774176 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled and sustained inflammation disrupts the wound-healing process and produces excessive reactive oxygen species, resulting in chronic or impaired wound closure. Natural antioxidants such as plant-based extracts and natural polysaccharides have a long history in wound care. However, they are hard to apply to wound beds due to high levels of exudate or anatomical sites to which securing a dressing is difficult. Therefore, we developed a complex coacervate-based drug carrier with underwater adhesive properties that circumvents these challenges by enabling wet adhesion and controlling inflammatory responses. This resulted in significantly accelerated wound healing through balancing the pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in macrophages. In brief, we designed a complex coacervate-based drug carrier (ADC) comprising oligochitosan and inositol hexaphosphate to entrap and release antioxidant proanthocyanins (PA) in a sustained way. The results from in vitro experiments demonstrated that ADC is able to reduce LPS-stimulated pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages. The ability of ADC to reduce LPS-stimulated pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages is even more promising when ADC is encapsulated with PA (ADC-PA). Our results indicate that ADC-PA is able to polarize macrophages into an M2 tissue-healing phenotype via up-regulation of anti-inflammatory and resolution of inflammatory responses. Treatment with ADC-PA around the wound beds fine-tunes the balance between the numbers of inducible nitric oxide synthase-positive (iNOS+) and mannose receptor-negative (CD206-) M1 and iNOS-CD206+ M2 macrophages in the wound microenvironment compared to controls. Achieving such a balance between the numbers of iNOS+CD206- M1 and iNOS-CD206+ M2 macrophages in the wound microenvironment has led to significantly improved wound closure in mouse models of diabetes, which exhibit severe impairments in wound healing. Together, our results demonstrate for the first time the use of a complex coacervate-based drug delivery system to promote timely resolution of the inflammatory responses for diabetic wound healing by fine-tuning the functions of macrophages.
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Phytate Dephosphorylation Products Also Act as PotentInhibitors of Calcium Oxalate Crystallization. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175463. [PMID: 36080228 PMCID: PMC9457852 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytate has been classified as an anti-nutrient, but there are no adverse effects from the consumption of a balanced diet with 1 to 2 g of daily phytate (inositol-hexaphosphate, InsP6) as a calcium magnesium salt, the form naturally present in grains. Furthermore, recent research has shown that phytate consumption may prevent pathological calcifications, such as kidney stones and cardiovascular calcifications. However, many endogenous and exogenous enzymes can hydrolyze phytate to lower inositol phosphates (InsPs) that also have biological activity. We performed a controlled hydrolysis of phytate and identified the products (InsPs) using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The total level of all InsPs was measured using a non-specific methodology. In addition, we evaluated the effects of the InsP6 hydrolysates on calcium oxalate crystallization using scanning electron microscopy and measuring the time needed for the induction of crystallization. Our results indicate that InsP6 and its hydrolysis products functioned as effective inhibitors of calcium oxalate crystallization. Thus, even though InsP6 is hydrolyzed after consumption, the enzymatic products also have the potential to reduce pathological calcifications. Finally, although it is useful to measure the overall level of InsPs in biological fluids, such as urine, there is a need to develop simple analytical methods to quantify the level of individual InsPs.
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Exploring New Drug Targets for Type 2 Diabetes: Success, Challenges and Opportunities. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020331. [PMID: 35203540 PMCID: PMC8869656 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There are substantial shortcomings in the drugs currently available for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The global diabetic crisis has not abated despite the introduction of new types of drugs and targets. Persistent unaddressed patient needs remain a significant factor in the quest for new leads in routine studies. Drug discovery methods in this area have followed developments in the market, contributing to a recent rise in the number of molecules. Nevertheless, troubling developments and fresh challenges are still evident. Recently, metformin, the most widely used first-line drug for diabetes, was found to contain a carcinogenic contaminant known as N-nitroso dimethylamine (NDMA). Therefore, purity and toxicity are also a big challenge for drug discovery and development. Moreover, newer drug classes against SGLT-2 illustrate both progress and difficulties. The same was true previously in the case of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. Furthermore, researchers must study the importance of mechanistic characteristics of novel compounds, as well as exposure-related hazardous aspects of current and newly identified protein targets, in order to identify new pharmacological molecules with improved selectivity and specificity.
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15
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Grading of endometrial cancer using 1H HR-MAS NMR-based metabolomics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18160. [PMID: 34518615 PMCID: PMC8438077 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97505-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The tissue metabolomic characteristics associated with endometrial cancer (EC) at different grades were studied using high resolution (400 MHz) magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) proton spectroscopy. The metabolic profiles were obtained from 64 patients (14 with grade 1 (G1), 33 with grade 2 (G2) and 17 with grade 3 (G3) tumors) and compared with the profile acquired from 10 patients with the benign disorders. OPLS-DA revealed increased valine, isoleucine, leucine, hypotaurine, serine, lysine, ethanolamine, choline and decreased creatine, creatinine, glutathione, ascorbate, glutamate, phosphoethanolamine and scyllo-inositol in all EC grades in reference to the non-transformed tissue. The increased levels of taurine was additionally detected in the G1 and G2 tumors in comparison to the control tissue, while the elevated glycine, N-acetyl compound and lactate—in the G1 and G3 tumors. The metabolic features typical for the G1 tumors are the increased dimethyl sulfone, phosphocholine, and decreased glycerophosphocholine and glutamine levels, while the decreased myo-inositol level is characteristic for the G2 and G3 tumors. The elevated 3-hydroxybutyrate, alanine and betaine levels were observed in the G3 tumors. The differences between the grade G1 and G3 malignances were mainly related to the perturbations of phosphoethanolamine and phosphocholine biosynthesis, inositol, betaine, serine and glycine metabolism. The statistical significance of the OPLS-DA modeling was also verified by an univariate analysis. HR-MAS NMR based metabolomics provides an useful insight into the metabolic reprogramming in endometrial cancer.
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Vucenik I. Bioactivity of Inositol Phosphates. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26165042. [PMID: 34443630 PMCID: PMC8400110 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Vucenik
- Department of Medical and Research Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 100 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; ; Tel.: +1-(410)-706-1832; Fax: +1-(410)-706-5229
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Petroni ML, Brodosi L, Marchignoli F, Sasdelli AS, Caraceni P, Marchesini G, Ravaioli F. Nutrition in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Present Knowledge and Remaining Challenges. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082748. [PMID: 34444908 PMCID: PMC8401663 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy behaviours, including diet and physical activity, coupled with genetic predisposition, drive type 2 diabetes (T2D) occurrence and severity; the present review aims to summarise the most recent nutritional approaches in T2D, outlining unmet needs. Guidelines consistently suggest reducing energy intake to counteract the obesity epidemic, frequently resulting in sarcopenic obesity, a condition associated with poorer metabolic control and cardiovascular disease. Various dietary approaches have been proposed with largely similar results, with a preference for the Mediterranean diet and the best practice being the diet that patients feel confident of maintaining in the long term based on individual preferences. Patient adherence is indeed the pivotal factor for weight loss and long-term maintenance, requiring intensive lifestyle intervention. The consumption of nutritional supplements continues to increase even if international societies do not support their systematic use. Inositols and vitamin D supplementation, as well as micronutrients (zinc, chromium, magnesium) and pre/probiotics, result in modest improvement in insulin sensitivity, but their use is not systematically suggested. To reach the desired goals, patients should be actively involved in the collaborative development of a personalised meal plan associated with habitual physical activity, aiming at normal body weight and metabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Letizia Petroni
- IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliera di Bologna Sant’Orsola-Malpighi, I-40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.P.); (L.B.); (F.M.); (A.S.S.); (P.C.); (F.R.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Brodosi
- IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliera di Bologna Sant’Orsola-Malpighi, I-40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.P.); (L.B.); (F.M.); (A.S.S.); (P.C.); (F.R.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Marchignoli
- IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliera di Bologna Sant’Orsola-Malpighi, I-40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.P.); (L.B.); (F.M.); (A.S.S.); (P.C.); (F.R.)
| | - Anna Simona Sasdelli
- IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliera di Bologna Sant’Orsola-Malpighi, I-40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.P.); (L.B.); (F.M.); (A.S.S.); (P.C.); (F.R.)
| | - Paolo Caraceni
- IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliera di Bologna Sant’Orsola-Malpighi, I-40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.P.); (L.B.); (F.M.); (A.S.S.); (P.C.); (F.R.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulio Marchesini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-2144889
| | - Federico Ravaioli
- IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliera di Bologna Sant’Orsola-Malpighi, I-40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.P.); (L.B.); (F.M.); (A.S.S.); (P.C.); (F.R.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
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Wee Y, Yang C, Chen S, Yen Y, Wang C. Inositol hexaphosphate modulates the behavior of macrophages through alteration of gene expression involved in pathways of pro- and anti-inflammatory responses, and resolution of inflammation pathways. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:3240-3249. [PMID: 34136188 PMCID: PMC8194914 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) is a dietary compound commonly obtained from corn, rice, etc. Although we may consume significant amount of IP6 daily, it is unclear whether this diet will impact macrophages' fate and function. Therefore, we characterized the underlying relationship between IP6 and macrophage polarization in this study. We specifically examined the signature gene expression profiles associated with pro- and anti-inflammatory responses, and resolution of inflammation pathways in macrophages under the influence of IP6. Interestingly, our data suggested that IP6 polarizes bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) into an M2a-like subtype. Our results also demonstrated that IP6 reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis and pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages. In contrast, the expression levels of genes related to anti-inflammatory responses and resolution of inflammation pathways are upregulated. Our findings collectively demonstrated that IP6 has profound modulation effects on macrophages, which warrant further research on the therapeutic benefits of IP6 for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinshen Wee
- Department of PathologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | | | - Shau‐Kwaun Chen
- Institute of NeuroscienceNational Chengchi UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Chun Yen
- Biostatistics CenterOffice of Data ScienceTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ching‐Shuen Wang
- School of DentistryCollege of Oral MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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Li Y, Han P, Wang J, Shi T, You C. Production of myo-inositol: Recent advance and prospective. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:1101-1111. [PMID: 33977572 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Myo-inositol and its derivatives have been extensively used in the pharmaceutics, cosmetics, and food and feed industries. In recent years, compared with traditional chemical acid hydrolysis, biological methods have been taken as viable and cost-effective ways to myo-inositol production from cheap raw materials. In this review, we provide a thorough overview of the development, progress, current status, and future direction of myo-inositol production (e.g., chemical acid hydrolysis, microbial fermentation, and in vitro enzymatic biocatalysis). The chemical acid hydrolysis of phytate suffers from serious phosphorous pollution and intricate product separation, resulting in myo-inositol production at a high cost. For microbial fermentation, creative strategies have been provided for the efficient myo-inositol biosynthesis by synergetic utilization of glucose and glycerol in Escherichia coli. In vitro cascade enzymatic biocatalysis is a multienzymatic transformation of various substrates to myo-inositol. Here, the different in vitro pathways design, the source of selected enzymes, and the catalytic condition optimization have been summarized and analyzed. Also, we discuss some important existing challenges and suggest several viewpoints. The development of in vitro enzymatic biosystems featuring low cost, high volumetric productivity, flexible compatibility, and great robustness could be one of the promising strategies for future myo-inositol industrial biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Pingping Han
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Shi
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Chun You
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
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Kumar A, Singh B, Raigond P, Sahu C, Mishra UN, Sharma S, Lal MK. Phytic acid: Blessing in disguise, a prime compound required for both plant and human nutrition. Food Res Int 2021; 142:110193. [PMID: 33773669 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytic acid (PA), [myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate] is the principal storage compound of phosphorus (P) and account for 65%-85% of the seeds total P. The negative charge on PA attracts and chelates metal cations resulting in a mixed insoluble salt, phytate. Phytate contains six negatively charged ions, chelates divalent cations such as Fe2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ rendering them unavailable for absorption by monogastric animals. This may lead to micronutrient deficiencies in humans since they lack the enzyme phytase that hydrolyzes phytate and releases the bound micronutrients. There are two main concerns about the presence of PA in human diet. The first is its negative impact on the bioavailability of several minerals and the second is the evidence of PA inhibiting various proteases essential for protein degradation and the subsequent digestion in stomach and small intestine. The beneficial role of PA has been underestimated due to its distinct negative consequences. PA is reported to be a potent natural plant antioxidant which plays a protective role against oxidative stress in seeds and preventive role in various human diseases. Recently beneficial roles of PA as an antidiabetic and antibacterial agent has been reported. Thus, the development of grains with low-PA and modified distribution pattern can be achieved through fine-tuning of its content in the seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awadhesh Kumar
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR- National Rice Research Institute (ICAR-NRRI), Cuttack-753006, Odisha, India
| | - Brajesh Singh
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Potato Research Insititute (ICAR-CPRI), Shimla-171001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Pinky Raigond
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Potato Research Insititute (ICAR-CPRI), Shimla-171001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Chandrasekhar Sahu
- M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha 761211, India
| | - Udit Nandan Mishra
- M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha 761211, India
| | - Srigopal Sharma
- Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Milan Kumar Lal
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Potato Research Insititute (ICAR-CPRI), Shimla-171001, Himachal Pradesh, India; Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
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Gonzalez-Uarquin F, Sommerfeld V, Rodehutscord M, Huber K. Interrelationship of myo-inositol pathways with systemic metabolic conditions in two strains of high-performance laying hens during their productive life span. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4641. [PMID: 33633252 PMCID: PMC7907342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to metabolic challenges is an individual process in animals and human, most likely based on genetic background. To identify novel pathways of importance for individual adaptation to a metabolic challenge such as egg production in laying hens, myo-inositol (MI) metabolism and plasma metabolite profiles during the productive lifespan were examined in two genetically different strains, Lohmann Brown-Classic (LB) and LSL-Classic (LSL) hens. They were housed during the productive lifespan and sampled at 10, 16, 24, 30 and 60 weeks of age. The targeted AbsoluteIDQ p180 Kit was used for metabolite profiling in plasma whereas a MI enzymatic kit and ELISAs were used to quantify tissue MI concentrations and MI key enzymes (IMPase 1 and MIOX), respectively. As major finding, kidney MIOX was differently expressed in LB and LSL hens with higher amounts in LB. The onset of egg laying between week 16 and 24 of life span was associated with a clear change in the metabolite profiles, however LSL hens and LB hens adapt differently. Pearson's correlation analyses over all hens at all time points indicated that higher expression of MI degrading enzyme MIOX was related to markers indicating metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vera Sommerfeld
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Markus Rodehutscord
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Korinna Huber
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Starzyńska-Janiszewska A, Duliński R, Stodolak B. Fermentation with Edible Rhizopus Strains to Enhance the Bioactive Potential of Hull-Less Pumpkin Oil Cake. Molecules 2020; 25:E5782. [PMID: 33302391 PMCID: PMC7762570 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid-state fermentation with food-grade fungal strains can be applied to enhance the bioactive parameters of agro-industrial by-products. Tempe-type fermentation can be adapted to various substrates, but the key factor is the appropriate strain selection. The aim of this study was to compare the potential of Rhizopus strains for obtaining products of improved antioxidant activity from pumpkin oil cake. For this purpose, substances reacting with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, with free radical scavenging potential, as well as reducing power were assessed. The effect of the fermentation on the phytate level and inositol phosphate profile in the material was also monitored. The fermentation resulted in the significant enhancement of the antioxidant potential of pumpkin oil cake in the case of all the strains tested, but the most efficient one was R. oligosporus ATCC 64063. During the course of fermentation, the level of phytate in the material decreased (the highest reduction rate was observed in the oil cake fermented with R. oryzae CBS 372.63), while peptides and fungal glucosamine were accumulated. Tempe-type fermentation can be considered as an alternative way of improving the bioactive parameters of pumpkin oil cake and, thanks to the various activities of different Rhizopus strains, it is possible to obtain products of desired parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Starzyńska-Janiszewska
- Department of Biotechnology and General Technology of Food, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland; (R.D.); (B.S.)
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Maffucci T, Falasca M. Signalling Properties of Inositol Polyphosphates. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225281. [PMID: 33198256 PMCID: PMC7696153 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have identified specific signalling functions for inositol polyphosphates (IPs) in different cell types and have led to the accumulation of new information regarding their cellular roles as well as new insights into their cellular production. These studies have revealed that interaction of IPs with several proteins is critical for stabilization of protein complexes and for modulation of enzymatic activity. This has not only revealed their importance in regulation of several cellular processes but it has also highlighted the possibility of new pharmacological interventions in multiple diseases, including cancer. In this review, we describe some of the intracellular roles of IPs and we discuss the pharmacological opportunities that modulation of IPs levels can provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Maffucci
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (M.F.); Tel.: +61-08-92669712 (M.F.)
| | - Marco Falasca
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (M.F.); Tel.: +61-08-92669712 (M.F.)
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