1
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Gu T, Wen Y, Zhou Q, Yuan W, Guo H, Chang WL, Yang Q. Fungal metabolite altersolanol a exhibits potent cytotoxicity against human placental trophoblasts in vitro via mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Mycotoxin Res 2024; 40:419-432. [PMID: 38717551 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-024-00539-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Altersolanol A, a fungus-derived tetrahydroanthraquinone, has shown cytotoxic effects on multiple cancer cells. However, its reproductive toxicity in humans has not been well-addressed. The present study was aimed at investigating the cytotoxicity of altersolanol A on human placental trophoblasts including choriocarcinoma cell line JEG-3 and normal trophoblast cell line HTR-8/SVneo in vitro. The results showed that altersolanol A inhibited proliferation and colony formation of human trophoblasts, and the choriocarcinoma cells were more sensitive to the compound than the normal trophoblasts. Altersolanol A induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in JEG-3 cells and S phase in HTR-8/SVneo cells, downregulated the expression of cell cycle-related checkpoint proteins, and upregulated the p21 level. Altersolanol A also promoted apoptosis in human trophoblasts via elevating the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and decreasing both caspase-3 and caspase-9 levels. Meanwhile, altersolanol A suppressed the mitochondrial membrane potential and induced ROS production and cytochrome c release, which activated the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis. Moreover, migration and invasion were inhibited upon altersolanol A exposure with downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 in JEG-3 cells and MMP-9 in HTR-8/SVneo cells. Mechanically, altersolanol A supplement decreased the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and p38, manifesting the inactivation of MAPK signaling pathway in the human trophoblasts. In conclusion, altersolanol A exhibited potential reproductive cytotoxicity against human trophoblasts via promoting mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yuting Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and , Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University (Longhua People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Haichun Guo
- Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Wen-Lin Chang
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University (Longhua People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518036, China.
| | - Qing Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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2
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Kubheka MX, Ndlovu SI, Mkhwanazi NP. Anti-HIV Activity and Immunomodulatory Properties of Fractionated Crude Extracts of Alternaria alternata. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1150. [PMID: 38930532 PMCID: PMC11205553 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing new anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug candidates that target different sites in HIV-1 replication, with better resistance profiles and lower drug toxicity, is essential to eradicating HIV. This study investigated the potential of fractionated crude extracts of Alternaria alternata as immunomodulatory or anti-HIV drug candidates. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was used to fractionate A. alternata PO4PR2 using three different columns: MAX (Mixed-mode, strong Anion-eXchange), MCX (Mixed-mode, strong Cation-eXchange), and HLB (Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance) with methanol gradient methods (5%, 45%, and 95%). An MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay was used to assess the cell viability and cytotoxicity of the fractionated crude extract A. alternata PO4PR2 in the TZM-bl cell lines. This was followed by a luciferase-based antiviral assay to assess the antiviral activity of A. alternata PO4PR2. A time of addition (TOA) assay was performed to ascertain the mechanism of inhibition employed by the fractionated crude extract of A. alternata PO4PR2 in the HIV life cycle. The p24 titer was determined using an ELISA, while a luciferase-based antiviral assay was used to evaluate the HIV percentage inhibition for different HIV-1 replication cycles. The TOA assay was established using antiviral drugs that target different sites in the HIV replication cycle. These included maraviroc, azidothymidine, raltegravir, and amprenavir. The immunomodulatory effect of the fractionated crude extracts on CD4+ T cells was measured by a flow cytometric analysis, for which fluorochrome-labelled monoclonal antibodies were used as markers for activation (CD38 and HLA-DR) and exhaustion (PD-1). The MCX fraction demonstrated a more significant anti-HIV inhibition than that of the fractions generated in other columns, with an IC50 of 0.3619 µg/mL, an HIV inhibition of 77%, 5% HLB (IC50: 0.7232 µg/mL; HIV inhibition of 64%), and 5% MAX (IC50: 5.240 µg/mL; HIV inhibition of 67%). It was evident from the time of addition data that the crude extract and the 5% MCX fraction inhibited viral binding (68%), reverse transcription (75%), integration (98%), and proteolysis (77%). It was shown that A. alternata (the MCX fraction) have a significant inhibitory effect on reverse transcription (75% HIV inhibition) and integration (100% HIV inhibition). The 5% MCX (p = 0.0062), 5% HLB (p = 0.0269), and 5% MAX (p = 0.0117) fractionated A. alternata crude extracts had low levels of CD4+ T cell (CD38 + HLA-DR+) activation compared to those of the AZT treatment, while CD4+ T cell activation was insignificant. The 5% MAX and HLB A. alternata fractions may possess immunomodulatory compounds with less anti-HIV-1 activity. A. alternata could be a key source of innovative anti-HIV drugs with immunomodulatory characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mbali X. Kubheka
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Sizwe I. Ndlovu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa;
| | - Nompumelelo P. Mkhwanazi
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
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3
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Gandhale P, Chikhale R, Khanal P, Biswa V, Ali R, Khan MS, Gurav N, Ayyanar M, Das S, Gurav S. Quest for Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antiviral therapeutics: in-silico and in-vitro analysis of edible mushroom- Cordyceps militaris. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2024; 15:100979. [PMID: 38871595 PMCID: PMC11282376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2024.100979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 resulted a severe threat to public health globally. Due to the lack of an effective vaccine with durable immunity, the disease transited into the endemic phase, necessitating potent antiviral therapy including a scientific basis for current traditional herbal medicine. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to conduct a pharmacoinformatic analysis of selected chemical ingredients and in-vitro evaluation of Cordyceps militaris extract against SARS-CoV-2. MATERIALS AND METHODS C. militaris, the widely used fungus in conventional herbal medicine, was subjected to computational investigation using molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation and network pharmacology analysis followed by the in-vitro assay for evaluating its anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential. RESULTS The molecular docking analysis of C. militaris revealed the Cordycepin's highest affinity (-9.71 kcal/mol) than other molecules, i.e., Cicadapeptin-I, Cicadapeptin-II, Cordycerebroside-B, and N-Acetyl galactosamine to the receptor binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. C. militaris aqueous extract could reduce the SARS-CoV-2 viral copy numbers by 50.24% using crude extract at 100 μg/mL concentration. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that C. militaris has promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity and may be explored as traditional medicine for managing the COVID-19 surge in the endemic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Gandhale
- ICAR-National Institute of High-Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh- 462 021, India
| | - Rupesh Chikhale
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Pukar Khanal
- Department of Pharmacology, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER) Belagavi- 590010, India
| | - Vashkar Biswa
- Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Assam, 783 370, India
| | - Raju Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Assam, 783 370, India
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nilambari Gurav
- Department of Pharmacognosy, PES's Rajaram and Tarabai Bandekar College of Pharmacy, Ponda, Goa-403 401, India
| | - Muniappan Ayyanar
- Department of Botany, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sandeep Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Assam, 783 370, India
| | - Shailendra Gurav
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Goa College of Pharmacy, Goa University, Goa- 403 001, India.
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4
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Khattak SU, Iqbal Z, Ahmad J, Shi Y, Rehman IU. Purification of andibenin and a chromanone analogue from rhizospheric Aspergillus flavus and soil-borne Penicillium notatum exhibiting cytotoxic and antibacterial properties. Mycologia 2024; 116:355-369. [PMID: 38573188 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2324620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of bioactive compounds from fungal natural sources holds immense potential for the development of novel therapeutics. The present study investigates the extracts of soil-borne Penicillium notatum and rhizosphere-inhabiting Aspergillus flavus for their antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic potential. Additionally, two compounds were purified using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. The results demonstrated that the ethyl acetate fraction of A. flavus exhibited prominent cytotoxic activity against Artemia salina, whereas the ethyl acetate fraction of P. notatum displayed promising antibacterial potential. At dose concentrations of 10, 100, and 1000 µg mL-1, the ethyl acetate fraction of A. flavus showed mortality percentages of 7.6%, 66.4%, and 90%, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction of P. notatum extract exhibited significant antibacterial activity, forming inhibition zones measuring 41, 38, 34, 34, and 30 mm against B. subtilis, S. flexneri, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and S. aureus, respectively, at 1000 µg mL-1. At this concentration, inhibition zones of 28, 27, and 15 mm were recorded for P. vulgaris, S. typhi, and X. oryzae. Using bioassay-guided approach, one compound each was purified from the fungal extracts. The initial purification involved mass spectroscopic analysis, followed by structural elucidation using 500 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Compound 1, derived from A. flavus, was identified as ethyl 2-hydroxy-5,6-dimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-ene-1-carboxylate, with a mass of 212, whereas compound 2, isolated from P. notatum, was identified as 3-amino-2-(cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ylamino)-8-methoxy-4H-chromen-4-one, with an exact mass of 270. Based on bioassay results, compound 1 was subjected to brine shrimp lethality assay and compound 2 was tested for its antibacterial potential. Compound 1 exhibited 30% lethality against brine shrimp larvae at a concentration of 100 µg mL-1, whereas at 1000 µg mL-1 the mortality increased to 70%. Compound 2 displayed notable antibacterial potential, forming inhibition zones of 30, 24, 19, and 12 mm against S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis, and S. flexneri, respectively. In comparison, the standard antibiotic tetracycline produced inhibition zones of 18, 18, 15, and 10 mm against the respective bacterial strains at the same concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ullah Khattak
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, University Road, Rahat Abad, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Jamshaid Ahmad
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, University Road, Rahat Abad, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan
| | - Yanbin Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 2VW8+9FQ, Donggang W Road, Cheng Guan Qu, Lan Zhou Shi, Gan Su Sheng 730000, China
| | - Irshad Ur Rehman
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, University Road, Rahat Abad, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan
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5
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Daroodi Z, Taheri P, Tarighi S, Iranshahi M, Akaberi M. Efficacy of ergosterol peroxide obtained from the endophytic fungus Acrophialophora jodhpurensis against Rhizoctonia solani. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae031. [PMID: 38346851 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate antifungal activity of the extract and major metabolite of the endophytic fungus Acrophialophora jodhpurensis (belonging to Chaetomiaceae) against crown and root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani (teleomorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris), as an important pathogen of tomato. METHODS AND RESULTS The endophytic fungus A. jodhpurensis, has high inhibitory effect against R. solani AG4-HG II in vitro and in vivo. The media conditions were optimized for production of the endophyte's metabolites. The highest amounts of secondary metabolites were produced at pH 7, 30°C temperature, and in the presence of 0.5% glucose, 0.033% sodium nitrate, and 1 gl-1 asparagine as the best carbon, nitrogen, and amino acid sources, respectively. The mycelia were extracted by methanol and the obtained extract was submitted to various chromatography techniques. Phytochemical analysis via thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy showed that ergosterol peroxide was the major component in the extract of this endophyte. Antifungal activities of the methanolic extract and ergosterol peroxide in the culture media were studied against R. solani. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of the extract and ergosterol peroxide against the pathogen were 600 and 150 µg ml-1, respectively. Ergosterol peroxide revealed destructive effects on the pathogen structures in microscopic analyses and induced sclerotia production. Histochemical analyses revealed that it induced apoptosis in the mycelia of R. solani via superoxide production and cell death. Application of ergosterol peroxide in the leaf disc assay reduced the disease severity in tomato leaves. CONCLUSIONS Antifungal metabolites produced by A. jodhpurensis, such as ergosterol peroxide, are capable of controlling destructive Rhizoctonia diseases on tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoha Daroodi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948944, Iran
| | - Parissa Taheri
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948944, Iran
| | - Saeed Tarighi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948944, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948944, Iran
| | - Maryam Akaberi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948944, Iran
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6
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Makarevich EV, Teplyakova TV, Mazurkov OY, Filippova EI, Mazurkova NA. Antiviral Activity of Some Compounds of Gasteroid Mushrooms from Western Siberia. Int J Med Mushrooms 2024; 26:45-53. [PMID: 38305261 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023051031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The antiviral activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts from the fruiting bodies of gasteroid Basidiomy-cetes of Western Siberia: Lycoperdon pyriforme, Lycoperdon perlatum, and Phallus impudicus, as well as an aqueous extract from cultivated mycelium of P. impudicus and total polysaccharides from it, on MDCK cell culture against influenza A virus, was studied. Aqueous and ethanol extracts from the fruiting bodies of all studied gasteroid fungi showed antiviral activity against human influenza virus A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) and bird A/chicken/Kurgan/05/2005 virus (H5N1). At the same time, extracts from P. impudicus and L. pyriforme showed more pronouncing antiviral activity compared to the activity of the reference drug Tamiflu against the A/H5N1 avian influenza virus. A high antiviral efficacy of an aqueous extract from cultivated mycelium of the P. impudicus and a sample of total polysaccharides from this extract against the A/H5N1 avian influenza virus was revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Makarevich
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, 630559, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russia
| | - Tamara V Teplyakova
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, 630559, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russia
| | - Oleg Yu Mazurkov
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, 630559, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I Filippova
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, 630559, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russia
| | - Natalia A Mazurkova
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, 630559, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russia
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7
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Alagarsamy V, Solomon VR, Murugesan S, Sundar PS, Muzaffar-Ur-Rehman MD, Chandu A, Aishwarya AD, Narendhar B, Sulthana MT, Ravikumar V. In Silico Screening of Some Active Phytochemicals to Identify Promising Inhibitors Against SARS-CoV-2 Targets. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2024; 21:73-89. [PMID: 37861016 DOI: 10.2174/0115701638243222230920051050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are very few small-molecule drug candidates developed against SARS-CoV-2 that have been revealed since the epidemic began in November 2019. The typical medicinal chemistry discovery approach requires more than a decade of the year of painstaking research and development and a significant financial guarantee, which is not feasible in the challenge of the current epidemic. OBJECTIVE This current study proposes to find and identify the most effective and promising phytomolecules against SARS-CoV-2 in six essential proteins (3CL protease, Main protease, Papain- Like protease, N-protein RNA binding domain, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and Spike receptor binding domain target through in silico screening of 63 phytomolecules from six different Ayurveda medicinal plants. METHODS The phytomolecules and SARS-CoV-2 proteins were taken from public domain databases such as PubChem and RCSB Protein Data Bank. For in silico screening, the molecular interactions, binding energy, and ADMET properties were investigated. RESULTS The structure-based molecular docking reveals some molecules' greater affinity towards the target than the co-crystal ligand. Our results show that tannic acid, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, zeaxanthin, and carbolactone are phytomolecules capable of inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 target proteins in the least energy conformations. Tannic acid had the least binding energy of -8.8 kcal/mol, which is better than the binding energy of its corresponding co-crystal ligand (-7.5 kcal/mol) against 3 CL protease. Also, it has shown the least binding energy of -9.9 kcal/mol with a more significant number of conventional hydrogen bond interactions against the RdRp target. Cyanidin-3-rutinoside showed binding energy values of -8.8 and -7.6 kcal/mol against Main protease and Papain-like protease, respectively. Zeaxanthin was the top candidate in the N protein RBD with a binding score of - 8.4 kcal/mol, which is slightly better when compared to a co-crystal ligand (-8.2 kcal/mol). In the spike, carbolactone was the suitable candidate with the binding energy of -7.2 kcal/mol and formed a conventional hydrogen bond and two hydrophobic interactions. The best binding affinity-scored phytomolecules were selected for the MD simulations studies. CONCLUSION The present in silico screening study suggested that active phytomolecules from medicinal plants could inhibit SARS-CoV-2 targets. The elite docked compounds with drug-like properties have a harmless ADMET profile, which may help to develop promising COVID-19 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Alagarsamy
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, MNR College of Pharmacy, Sangareddy, Gr. Hyderabad, 502 294, India
| | - V Raja Solomon
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, MNR College of Pharmacy, Sangareddy, Gr. Hyderabad, 502 294, India
| | - S Murugesan
- Department of Pharmacy, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, India
| | - P Shyam Sundar
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, MNR College of Pharmacy, Sangareddy, Gr. Hyderabad, 502 294, India
| | | | - A Chandu
- Department of Pharmacy, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, India
| | - A Dharshini Aishwarya
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, MNR College of Pharmacy, Sangareddy, Gr. Hyderabad, 502 294, India
| | - B Narendhar
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, MNR College of Pharmacy, Sangareddy, Gr. Hyderabad, 502 294, India
| | - M T Sulthana
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, MNR College of Pharmacy, Sangareddy, Gr. Hyderabad, 502 294, India
| | - V Ravikumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, MNR College of Pharmacy, Sangareddy - 502 294, Gr. Hyderabad, India
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8
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Thongkum W, Klayprasert P, Semakul N, Jakmunee J, Kasinrerk W, Setshedi M, Sayed Y, Tayapiwatana C. Semi-quantification and Potency Verification of the HIV Protease Inhibitor Based on the Matrix-Capsid Protein Immobilized Nickel (II)/NTA-Tol/Graphene Oxide/SPCE Electrochemical Biosensor. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:17932-17940. [PMID: 37251123 PMCID: PMC10210225 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causing acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is still a global issue. Long-term drug treatment and nonadherence to medication increase the spread of drug-resistant HIV strains. Therefore, the identification of new lead compounds is being investigated and is highly desirable. Nevertheless, a process generally necessitates a significant budget and human resources. In this study, a simple biosensor platform for semi-quantification and verification of the potency of HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) based on electrochemically detecting the cleavage activity of the HIV-1 subtype C-PR (C-SA HIV-1 PR) was proposed. An electrochemical biosensor was fabricated by immobilizing His6-matrix-capsid (H6MA-CA) on the electrode surface via the chelation to Ni2+-nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) functionalized GO. The functional groups and the characteristics of modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). C-SA HIV-1 PR activity and the effect of PIs were validated by recording changes in electrical current signals of the ferri/ferrocyanide redox probe. The detection of PIs, i.e., lopinavir (LPV) and indinavir (IDV), toward the HIV protease was confirmed by the decrease in the current signals in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, our developed biosensor demonstrates the ability to distinguish the potency of two PIs to inhibit C-SA HIV-1 PR activities. We anticipated that this low-cost electrochemical biosensor would increase the efficiency of the lead compound screening process and accelerate the discovery and development of new HIV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weeraya Thongkum
- Division
of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty
of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai
University, Chiang
Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center
of Innovative Immunodiagnostic Development, Department of Medical
Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center
of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical
Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Puttaporn Klayprasert
- Research
Laboratory for Analytical Instrument and Electrochemistry Innovation,
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Natthawat Semakul
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang
Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jaroon Jakmunee
- Research
Laboratory for Analytical Instrument and Electrochemistry Innovation,
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang
Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center
of
Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Watchara Kasinrerk
- Division
of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty
of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai
University, Chiang
Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center
of Innovative Immunodiagnostic Development, Department of Medical
Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Mpho Setshedi
- Protein
Structure-Function Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits 2050, South Africa
| | - Yasien Sayed
- Protein
Structure-Function Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits 2050, South Africa
| | - Chatchai Tayapiwatana
- Division
of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty
of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai
University, Chiang
Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center
of Innovative Immunodiagnostic Development, Department of Medical
Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center
of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical
Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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9
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Nainwal N. Treatment of respiratory viral infections through inhalation therapeutics: Challenges and opportunities. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2022; 77:102170. [PMID: 36240985 PMCID: PMC9554202 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2022.102170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections are the leading cause of death worldwide. The current pandemic of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) challenged human beings for the treatment and prevention of this respiratory viral infection since its outbreak in 2019. Despite advancements in the medical field, scientists were helpless to give timely treatment and protection against this viral infection. Several drugs, whether antiviral or not, were given to the patients to reduce mortality and morbidity rate. Vaccines from various pharmaceutical manufacturers are now available to give immunization against covid-19. Still, coronavirus is continuously affecting people in the form of variants after mutation. Each new variant increases the infection risk and forces scientists to develop some innovative and effective treatments for this infection. The virus uses the host's cell machinery to grow and multiply in numbers. Therefore, scientists are facing challenges to develop antivirals that stop the virus without damaging the host cells too. The production of suitable antivirals or vaccines for the new virus would take several months, allowing the strain to cause severe damage to life. Inhalable formulation facilitates the delivery of medicinal products directly to the respiratory system without causing unwanted side effects associated with systemic absorption. Scientists are focusing on developing an inhaled version of the existing antivirals for the treatment of respiratory infections. This review focused on the inhalable formulations of antiviral agents in various respiratory viral infections including the ongoing covid-19 pandemic and important findings of the clinical studies. We also reviewed repurposed drugs that have been given through inhalation in covid-19 infection.
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10
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Xu J, Yang W, Pan Y, Xu H, He L, Zheng B, Xie Y, Wu X. Lucidenic acid A inhibits the binding of hACE2 receptor with spike protein to prevent SARS-CoV-2 invasion. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 169:113438. [PMID: 36179993 PMCID: PMC9526994 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
High infection caused by mutations of SARS-CoV-2 calls for new prevention strategy. Ganoderma lucidum known as a superior immunoenhancer exhibits various antiviral effects, whether it can resist SARS-CoV-2 remains unclear. Herein, virtual screening combined with in vitro hACE2 inhibition assays were used to investigate its anti SARS-CoV-2 effect. Potential 54 active components, 80 core targets and 20 crucial pathways were identified by the component-target-pathway network. The binding characters of these components to hACE2 and its complexes with spike protein including omicron variant was analyzed by molecular docking. Lucidenic acid A was selected as the top molecule with high affinity to all receptors by forming hydrogen bonds. Molecular dynamics simulation showed it had good binding stability with the receptor proteins. Finally, in vitro FRET test demonstrated it inhibited the hACE2 activity with IC50 2 μmol/mL. Therefore, lucidenic acid A can prevent the virus invasion by blocking hACE2 binding with SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, PR China
| | - WenTao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, PR China
| | - YiFeng Pan
- Hangzhou Xihu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310030, PR China
| | - HaiShun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, PR China
| | - Liang He
- Zhejiang Provincial Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - BingSong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, PR China
| | - YingQiu Xie
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - XueQian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, PR China; National Innovation Alliance of Lingzhi and Sanyeqing Industry, Lin'an, 311300, China.
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11
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Deciphering the Potential of Pre and Pro-Vitamin D of Mushrooms against Mpro and PLpro Proteases of COVID-19: An In Silico Approach. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175620. [PMID: 36080385 PMCID: PMC9458008 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D’s role in combating the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), the virus causing COVID-19, has been established in unveiling viable inhibitors of COVID-19. The current study investigated the role of pre and pro-vitamin D bioactives from edible mushrooms against Mpro and PLpro proteases of SARS-CoV-2 by computational experiments. The bioactives of mushrooms, specifically ergosterol (provitamin D2), 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin-D3), 22,23-dihydroergocalciferol (provitamin-D4), cholecalciferol (vitamin-D3), and ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) were screened against Mpro and PLpro. Molecular docking analyses of the generated bioactive protease complexes unravelled the differential docking energies, which ranged from −7.5 kcal/mol to −4.5 kcal/mol. Ergosterol exhibited the lowest binding energy (−7.5 kcal/mol) against Mpro and PLpro (−5.9 kcal/mol). The Molecular Mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann Surface Area (MMPBSA) and MD simulation analyses indicated that the generated complexes were stable, thus affirming the putative binding of the bioactives to viral proteases. Considering the pivotal role of vitamin D bioactives, their direct interactions against SARS-CoV-2 proteases highlight the promising role of bioactives present in mushrooms as potent nutraceuticals against COVID-19.
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12
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Tingirikari JMR, Musini A. Bioactive Compounds from Plants and their Immune Potential against
Corona Virus. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401318666220308155721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Corona virus is a contagious single-strand RNA virus affecting majorly
the lungs causing severe acute respiratory disease. The viral pandemic has affected the world
economy and posed new challenges to the scientific community. Due to high mutation rate, a lot of
variants are occurring and persons who are vaccinated are also getting affected. In addition, vaccination
trials for children aged below 18 are still going on. Moreover, the cost, shelf-life, success
rate, no booster dose required, and the long-term complications associated with the vaccine are yet
to be studied. Preservation and transportation of vaccines are another big challenge.
Objective:
Despite vaccination, the best alternative is to boost our immune system by administration
of bioactive compounds which are safe and effective. Bioactive compounds have been found
to be effective against several viral infections.
Methods:
Literature review has been performed using recently published research and review articles
pertaining to the role of plant-derived bioactive compounds in regulating COVID-19 infection.
Result:
The current review will describe the role and mechanism of bioactive compounds derived
from natural sources in disease management and boosting the immune system against COVID-19.
Conclusion:
In addition to vaccination, the administration of plant-derived bioactive compounds
will help in regulating viral infection and boosting the immune response during COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anjaneyulu Musini
- Centre for Biotechnology, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University,
Hyderabad, Telanagana-500085, India
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Verma AK. Cordycepin: a bioactive metabolite of C ordyceps militaris and polyadenylation inhibitor with therapeutic potential against COVID-19. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:3745-3752. [PMID: 33225826 PMCID: PMC7754931 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1850352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Spike protein and main proteases of SARS-CoV-2 have been identified as potential therapeutic targets and their inhibition may lead to the reticence of viral entry and replication in the host body. Despite several efforts; till now no specific drugs are available to treat SARS-CoV-2. Considering all these challenges, the main objective of the present study was to establish therapeutic potential of cordycepin against COVID-19 as a conventional therapeutic strategy. In the present study; molecular interaction study was performed to assess potential binding affinity of cordycepin with SARS-CoV-2 target proteins using computational approach. Additionally, network pharmacology was used to understand cordycepin-protein interactions and their associated pathways in human body. Cordycepin is under clinical trial (NCT00709215) and possesses structural similarity with adenosine except that, it lacks a 3' hydroxyl group in its ribose moiety and hence it served as a poly(A) polymerase inhibitor and terminate premature protein synthesis. Additionally, it is known that functional RNAs of SARS-CoV-2 genome are highly 3'-plyadenylated and leading to synthesis of all viral proteins and if cordycepin can destabilize SARS-CoV-2 RNAs by inhibiting polyadenylation process then it may step forward in terms of inhibition of viral replication and multiplication in the host. Moreover, cordycepin showed strong binding affinity with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (-145.3) and main proteases (-180.5) that further corroborate therapeutic potential against COVID-19. Since cordycepin has both pre-clinical and clinical information about antiviral activities, therefore; it is suggested to the world community to undertake repurposing cordycepin to test efficacy and safety for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akalesh Kumar Verma
- Department of Zoology, Cell and Biochemical Technology Laboratory, Cotton University, Guwahati, India
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14
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Bibi S, Khan MS, El-Kafrawy SA, Alandijany TA, El-Daly MM, Yousafi Q, Fatima D, Faizo AA, Bajrai LH, Azhar EI. Virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation analysis of Forsythoside A as a plant-derived inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:979-1002. [PMID: 35637849 PMCID: PMC9132386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a more severe strain of coronavirus (CoV) that was first emerged in China in 2019. Available antiviral drugs could be repurposed and natural compounds with antiviral activity could be safer and cheaper source of medicine for SARS-CoV-2. 78 natural antiviral compounds database was identified from literature and virtual screening technique was applied to identify potential 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) inhibitors. Molecular docking studies were conducted to analyze the main protease (3CLpro) and inhibitors interactions with key residues of active site of target protein (PDB ID: 6LU7), active site constitute the part of active domain I and II of 3CLpro. 10 compounds with highest dock score were subjected to calculate ADMET parameters to figure out drug-likeness. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulation of the selected lead was performed by Amber simulation package to understand the conformational changes in docked complex. MD simulations analysis (RMSD, RMSF, Rg, BF, HBs, and SASA plots) of lead bounded with 3CLpro, hence revealed the important structural turns and twists during MD simulations from 0 to 100 ns. MM-PBSA/GBSA methods has also been applied for the estimation binding free energy (BFE) of the selected lead-complex. The present study has identified lead compound “Forsythoside A” an active extract of Forsythia suspense as SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitor that can block the viral replication and translation. Structural analysis of target protein and lead compound performed in this study could contribute to the development of potential drug against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabana Bibi
- Department of Biosciences, Shifa-Tameer-e-Milat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Biosciences, Shifa-Tameer-e-Milat University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China (S. Bibi). Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (E.I. Azhar).
| | - Muhammad Saad Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Sherif A. El-Kafrawy
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamir A. Alandijany
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai M. El-Daly
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qudsia Yousafi
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Dua Fatima
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Arwa A. Faizo
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena H. Bajrai
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam I. Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Biosciences, Shifa-Tameer-e-Milat University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China (S. Bibi). Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (E.I. Azhar).
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15
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Park KR, Kwon YJ, Jeong YH, Hong JT, Yun HM. Thelephoric acid, p-terphenyl, induces bone-forming activities in pre-osteoblasts. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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16
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Chen Y, Du F, Tang L, Xu J, Zhao Y, Wu X, Li M, Shen J, Wen Q, Cho CH, Xiao Z. Carboranes as unique pharmacophores in antitumor medicinal chemistry. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:400-416. [PMID: 35141397 PMCID: PMC8807988 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carborane is a carbon-boron molecular cluster that can be viewed as a 3D analog of benzene. It features special physical and chemical properties, and thus has the potential to serve as a new type of pharmacophore for drug design and discovery. Based on the relative positions of two cage carbons, icosahedral closo-carboranes can be classified into three isomers, ortho-carborane (o-carborane, 1,2-C2B10H12), meta-carborane (m-carborane, 1,7-C2B10H12), and para-carborane (p-carborane, 1,12-C2B10H12), and all of them can be deboronated to generate their nido- forms. Cage compound carborane and its derivatives have been demonstrated as useful chemical entities in antitumor medicinal chemistry. The applications of carboranes and their derivatives in the field of antitumor research mainly include boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), as BNCT/photodynamic therapy dual sensitizers, and as anticancer ligands. This review summarizes the research progress on carboranes achieved up to October 2021, with particular emphasis on signaling transduction pathways, chemical structures, and mechanistic considerations of using carboranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Liyao Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jinrun Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chi Hin Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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17
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Nowak R, Nowacka-Jechalke N, Pietrzak W, Gawlik-Dziki U. A new look at edible and medicinal mushrooms as a source of ergosterol and ergosterol peroxide - UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. Food Chem 2022; 369:130927. [PMID: 34461517 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ergosterol (ES) and ergosterol peroxide (EP) are secondary metabolites common for different mushrooms and responsible for health promoting effects, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral activity, and reduction of the incidence of cardiovascular disease. In this study, a new method for determination of both ES and EP in mushroom extracts was developed. Two methods for UHPLC-MS/MS with the use of APCI and APPI sources were developed and compared. The UHPLC-APPI-MS/MS method was found to be more effective and convenient for the analysis of both compounds in 21 edible and 9 medicinal mushrooms. Among the investigated mushrooms, M. procera was found to contain the highest level of ES, while G. dryophilus constituted the richest source of EP. Therefore, it can be suggested that mushrooms are a valuable source of ES and EP in everyday human diet and can be used for development of nutraceuticals and functional food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Nowak
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Natalia Nowacka-Jechalke
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wioleta Pietrzak
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Urszula Gawlik-Dziki
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 8 Skromna Street, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
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18
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Sen D, Debnath B, Debnath P, Debnath S, Zaki MEA, Masand VH. Identification of potential edible mushroom as SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitor using rational drug designing approach. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1503. [PMID: 35087077 PMCID: PMC8795408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05349-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly pathogenic to humans and has created health care threats worldwide. This urgent situation has focused the researchers worldwide towards the development of novel vaccine or small molecule therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2. Although several vaccines have already been discovered and are in use for the masses, no therapeutic medication has yet been approved by FDA for the treatment of COVID-19. Keeping this in view, in the present study, we have identified promising hits against the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 from edible mushrooms. Structure-based virtual screening (VS) of 2433 compounds derived from mushrooms was performed with Mpro protein (6LU7). Four promising hits, namely, Kynapcin-12 (M_78), Kynapcin-28 (M_82), Kynapcin-24 (M_83), and Neonambiterphenyls-A (M_366) were identified based on the result of docking, Lipinski's rule, 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and MM/PBSA binding free energy calculations. Finally, the inhibitory properties of these hits were compared with three known inhibitors, baicalein (1), baicalin (2), and biflavonoid (3). Data indicated that M_78, M_82 and M_83 compounds present in edible mushroom Polyozellus multiplex were potent inhibitors of Mproprotein (6LU7). It could be concluded that edible mushroom Polyozellus multiplex has potential activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection and identified molecules could be further explored as therapeutic inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Sen
- BCDA College of Pharmacy & Technology, Jessore Road South, Hridaypur, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700127, India
| | - Bimal Debnath
- Department of Forestry and Biodiversity, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, 799022, India
| | - Pradip Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Majaraja Bir Bikram College, Agartala, Tripura, 799004, India
| | - Sudhan Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Netaji Subhash Mahavidyalaya, Udaipur, Tripura, 799114, India.
| | - Magdi E A Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, 13318, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Vijay H Masand
- Department of Chemistry, Vidya Bharati Mahavidyalaya, Amravati, Maharashtra, 444 602, India
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19
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Rabie AM. Potent Inhibitory Activities of the Adenosine Analogue Cordycepin on SARS-CoV-2 Replication. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:2960-2969. [PMID: 35071937 PMCID: PMC8767658 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Nucleoside analogues
are among the most successful bioactive classes
of druglike compounds in pharmaceutical chemistry as they are well-known
for their numerous effective bioactivities in humans, especially as
antiviral and anticancer agents. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
is still untreatable, with its causing virus, the severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), continuing to wreak havoc on
the ground everywhere. This complicated international situation urged
all concerned scientists, including medicinal chemists and drug discoverers,
to search for a potent anti-COVID-19 drug. Cordycepin (3′-deoxyadenosine)
is a known natural adenosine analogue of fungal origin, which could
also be synthetically produced. This bioactive phytochemical compound
is characterized by several proven strong pharmacological actions
that may effectively contribute to the comprehensive treatment of
COVID-19, with the antiviral activities being the leading ones. Some
new studies predicted the possible inhibitory affinities of cordycepin
against the principal SARS-CoV-2 protein targets (e.g., SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein, main protease (Mpro) enzyme,
and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) enzyme) based on the computational
approach. Interestingly, the current research showed, for the first
time, that cordycepin is able to potently inhibit the multiplication
of the new resistant strains of SARS-CoV-2 with a very minute in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 EC50 of about 2 μM,
edging over both remdesivir and its active metabolite GS-441524. The
ideal pharmacophoric features of the cordycepin molecule render it
a typical inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 replication, with its flexible structure
open for most types of derivatization in the future. Briefly, the
current findings further support and suggest the repurposing possibility
of cordycepin against COVID-19 and greatly encourage us to confidently
and rapidly begin its preclinical/clinical evaluations for the comprehensive
treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amgad M. Rabie
- Dr. Amgad Rabie’s Research Lab. for Drug Discovery (DARLD), Mansoura 35511, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Hasan M, Mia MM, Islam MM, Hasan Saraf MS, Islam MS. A computerized pharmaceutical repurposing approach reveals Semicochliodinol B synthesized from Chrysosporium merdarium as a viable therapeutic contender for Marburg virus's VP35 and VP40 proteins. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2021.100821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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21
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Tomas M, Capanoglu E, Bahrami A, Hosseini H, Akbari‐Alavijeh S, Shaddel R, Rehman A, Rezaei A, Rashidinejad A, Garavand F, Goudarzi M, Jafari SM. The direct and indirect effects of bioactive compounds against coronavirus. FOOD FRONTIERS 2021; 3:96-123. [PMID: 35462942 PMCID: PMC9015578 DOI: 10.1002/fft2.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging viruses are known to pose a threat to humans in the world. COVID‐19, a newly emerging viral respiratory disease, can spread quickly from people to people via respiratory droplets, cough, sneeze, or exhale. Up to now, there are no specific therapies found for the treatment of COVID‐19. In this sense, the rising demand for effective antiviral drugs is stressed. The main goal of the present study is to cover the current literature about bioactive compounds (e.g., polyphenols, glucosinolates, carotenoids, minerals, vitamins, oligosaccharides, bioactive peptides, essential oils, and probiotics) with potential efficiency against COVID‐19, showing antiviral activities via the inhibition of coronavirus entry into the host cell, coronavirus enzymes, as well as the virus replication in human cells. In turn, these compounds can boost the immune system, helping fight against COVID‐19. Overall, it can be concluded that bioactives and the functional foods containing these compounds can be natural alternatives for boosting the immune system and defeating coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Tomas
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University Halkali Istanbul Turkey
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Istanbul Technical University Maslak Istanbul Turkey
| | - Akbar Bahrami
- Center for Excellence in Post‐Harvest Technologies North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University Kannapolis North Carolina USA
| | - Hamed Hosseini
- Food Additives Department Food Science and Technology Research Institute Research Center for Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR) Mashhad Iran
| | - Safoura Akbari‐Alavijeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Ardabil Iran
| | - Rezvan Shaddel
- Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Ardabil Iran
| | - Abdur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Jiangsu Wuxi China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Food Safety and Quality Control Wuxi Jiangsu Province China
| | - Atefe Rezaei
- Department of Food Science and Technology School of Nutrition and Food Science Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | | | - Farhad Garavand
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark Fermoy, Co. Cork Ireland
| | - Mostafa Goudarzi
- Department of Food Science and Engineering University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Tehran Karaj Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources Gorgan Iran
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22
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Chun S, Gopal J, Muthu M. Antioxidant Activity of Mushroom Extracts/Polysaccharides-Their Antiviral Properties and Plausible AntiCOVID-19 Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1899. [PMID: 34943001 PMCID: PMC8750169 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms have been long accomplished for their medicinal properties and bioactivity. The ancients benefitted from it, even before they knew that there was more to mushrooms than just the culinary aspect. This review addresses the benefits of mushrooms and specifically dwells on the positive attributes of mushroom polysaccharides. Compared to mushroom research, mushroom polysaccharide-based reports were observed to be significantly less frequent. This review highlights the antioxidant properties and mechanisms as well as consolidates the various antioxidant applications of mushroom polysaccharides. The biological activities of mushroom polysaccharides are also briefly discussed. The antiviral properties of mushrooms and their polysaccharides have been reviewed and presented. The lacunae in implementation of the antiviral benefits into antiCOVID-19 pursuits has been highlighted. The need for expansion and extrapolation of the knowns of mushrooms to extend into the unknown is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manikandan Muthu
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (S.C.); (J.G.)
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23
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Belachew AM, Feyisa A, Mohamed SB, W/Mariam JF. Investigating Fungi-Derived Bioactive Molecules as Inhibitor of the SARS Coronavirus Papain Like Protease: Computational Based Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:752095. [PMID: 34746186 PMCID: PMC8566946 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.752095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the rapid growth of the COVID-19 pandemic and its outcomes, developing a remedy to fight the predicament is critical. So far, it has infected more than 214,468,601 million people and caused the death of 4,470,969 million people according to the August 27, 2021, World Health Organization's (WHO) report. Several studies have been published on both computational and wet-lab approaches to develop antivirals for COVID-19, although there has been no success yet. However, the wet-lab approach is laborious, expensive, and time-consuming, and computational techniques have screened the activity of bioactive compounds from different sources with less effort and cost. For this investigation, we screened the binding affinity of fungi-derived bioactive molecules toward the SARS coronavirus papain-like protease (PLpro) by using computational approaches. Studies showed that protease inhibitors can be very effective in controlling virus-induced infections. Additionally, fungi represent a vast source of bioactive molecules, which could be potentially used for antiviral therapy. Fifty fungi-derived bioactive compounds were investigated concerning SARS-CoV-2 PLpro by using Auto Dock 4.2.1, Gromacs 2018. 2, ADMET, Swiss-ADME, FAF-Drugs 4.023, pKCSM, and UCLA-DOE server. From the list of the screened bioactive compounds, Dihydroaltersolanol C, Anthraquinone, Nigbeauvin A, and Catechin were selected with the Auto-Dock results of -8.68, -7.52, -10.46, and -10.58 Kcal/mol, respectively, based on their binding affinity compared to the reference drug. We presented the drug likeliness, toxicity, carcinogenicity, and mutagenicity of all compounds using ADMET analysis. They interacted with the amino acid residues, Gly163, Trp106, Ser111, Asp164, and Cys270, through hydrogen bonds. The root-mean-square deviation (RMSD), root-mean-square fluctuations (RMSF), solvent-accessible surface area (SASA), and radius of gyration (Rg) values revealed a stable interaction. From the overall analyses, we can conclude that Dihydroaltersolanol C, Anthraquinone, Nigbeauvin A, and Catechin are classified as promising candidates for PLpro, thus potentially useful in developing a medicine for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aweke Mulu Belachew
- College of Applied Science, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Asheber Feyisa
- College of Natural and Social Science, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Seid Belay Mohamed
- College of Natural and Social Science, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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24
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Saied EM, El-Maradny YA, Osman AA, Darwish AMG, Abo Nahas HH, Niedbała G, Piekutowska M, Abdel-Rahman MA, Balbool BA, Abdel-Azeem AM. A Comprehensive Review about the Molecular Structure of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Insights into Natural Products against COVID-19. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1759. [PMID: 34834174 PMCID: PMC8624722 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2019, the world suffered from the emergence of COVID-19 infection, one of the most difficult pandemics in recent history. Millions of confirmed deaths from this pandemic have been reported worldwide. This disaster was caused by SARS-CoV-2, which is the last discovered member of the family of Coronaviridae. Various studies have shown that natural compounds have effective antiviral properties against coronaviruses by inhibiting multiple viral targets, including spike proteins and viral enzymes. This review presents the classification and a detailed explanation of the SARS-CoV-2 molecular characteristics and structure-function relationships. We present all currently available crystal structures of different SARS-CoV-2 proteins and emphasized on the crystal structure of different virus proteins and the binding modes of their ligands. This review also discusses the various therapeutic approaches for COVID-19 treatment and available vaccinations. In addition, we highlight and compare the existing data about natural compounds extracted from algae, fungi, plants, and scorpion venom that were used as antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, we discuss the repurposing of select approved therapeutic agents that have been used in the treatment of other viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essa M. Saied
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yousra A. El-Maradny
- Microbiology Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt;
| | - Alaa A. Osman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, New Giza University, Newgiza, km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Cairo 12256, Egypt;
| | - Amira M. G. Darwish
- Food Technology Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Hebatallah H. Abo Nahas
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (H.H.A.N.); (M.A.A.-R.)
| | - Gniewko Niedbała
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 50, 60-627 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Piekutowska
- Department of Geoecology and Geoinformation, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Partyzantów 27, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland;
| | - Mohamed A. Abdel-Rahman
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (H.H.A.N.); (M.A.A.-R.)
| | - Bassem A. Balbool
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza 12585, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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25
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Takahashi JA, Barbosa BVR, Lima MTNS, Cardoso PG, Contigli C, Pimenta LPS. Antiviral fungal metabolites and some insights into their contribution to the current COVID-19 pandemic. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 46:116366. [PMID: 34438338 PMCID: PMC8363177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak, which started in late 2019, drove the scientific community to conduct innovative research to contain the spread of the pandemic and to care for those already affected. Since then, the search for new drugs that are effective against the virus has been strengthened. Featuring a relatively low cost of production under well-defined methods of cultivation, fungi have been providing a diversity of antiviral metabolites with unprecedented chemical structures. In this review, we present viral RNA infections highlighting SARS-CoV-2 morphogenesis and the infectious cycle, the targets of known antiviral drugs, and current developments in this area such as drug repurposing. We also explored the metabolic adaptability of fungi during fermentation to produce metabolites active against RNA viruses, along with their chemical structures, and mechanisms of action. Finally, the state of the art of research on SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors of fungal origin is reported, highlighting the metabolites selected by docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Aparecida Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Exact Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Bianca Vianna Rodrigues Barbosa
- Department of Chemistry, Exact Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Matheus Thomaz Nogueira Silva Lima
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Gomes Cardoso
- Department of Biology, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Av. Dr. Sylvio Menicucci, 1001, CEP 37200-900 Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Christiane Contigli
- Cell Biology Service, Research and Development Department, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, R. Conde Pereira Carneiro, 80, CEP 30510-010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Pinheiro Santos Pimenta
- Department of Chemistry, Exact Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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26
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Ayatollahi SA, Sharifi-Rad J, Tsouh Fokou PV, Mahady GB, Ansar Rasul Suleria H, Krishna Kapuganti S, Gadhave K, Giri R, Garg N, Sharma R, Ribeiro D, Rodrigues CF, Reiner Ž, Taheri Y, Cruz-Martins N. Naturally Occurring Bioactives as Antivirals: Emphasis on Coronavirus Infection. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:575877. [PMID: 34267652 PMCID: PMC8277242 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.575877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak is a significant threat to human health and the worldwide economy. Coronaviruses cause a variety of diseases, such as pneumonia-like upper respiratory tract illnesses, gastroenteritis, encephalitis, multiple organ failure involving lungs and kidneys which might cause death. Since the pandemic started there have been more than 107 million COVID-19 infections caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and ∼2.4 million deaths globally. SARS-CoV-2 is easily transmitted from person-to-person and has spread quickly across all continents. With the continued increase in morbidity and mortality caused by COVID-19, and the damage to the global economy, there is an urgent need for effective prevention and treatment strategies. The advent of safe and effective vaccines has been a significant step forward in the battle against COVID-19, however treatment of the symptoms associated with the disease still requires new anti-viral and anti-inflammatory drug therapies. To this end, scientists have been investigating available natural products that may be effective against SARS-CoV-2, with some products showing promise in fighting several viral infections. Since many natural products are dietary components or are prepared as dietary supplements people tend to consider them safer than synthetic drugs. For example, Traditional Chinese Medicines have been effectively utilized to treat SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with promising results. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of COVID-19 therapies and the therapeutic potential of medicinal plant extracts and natural compounds for the treatment of several viral infections, with special emphasis on SARS-CoV-2 infection. Realistic strategies that can be employed for the effective use of bioactive compounds for anti-SARS-CoV-2 research are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Gail B. Mahady
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | | | - Kundlik Gadhave
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, India
| | - Rajanish Giri
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, India
| | - Neha Garg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Daniel Ribeiro
- Northern Superior Health School of the Portuguese Red Cross, Oliveira de Azeméis, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Célia F. Rodrigues
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Yasaman Taheri
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biomedicine/Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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27
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Ganoderma lucidum: A potential source to surmount viral infections through β-glucans immunomodulatory and triterpenoids antiviral properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:769-779. [PMID: 34197853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) polysaccharides and triterpenoids are the major bioactive compounds and have been used as traditional medicine for ancient times. Massive demands of G. lucidum have fascinated the researchers towards its application as functional food, nutraceutical and modern medicine owing to wide range of application in various diseases include immunomodulators, anticancer, antiviral, antioxidant, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective. G. lucidum polysaccharides exhibit immunomodulatory properties through boosting the action of antigen-presenting cells, mononuclear phagocyte system, along with humoral and cellular immunity. β-Glucans isolated from G. lucidum are anticipated to produce an immune response through pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). β-Glucans after binding with dectin-1 receptor present on different cells include macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells and neutrophils produce signal transduction that lead to trigger the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), T cells and Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) that refer to cytokines production and contributing to immune response. While triterpenoids produce antiviral effects through inhibiting various enzymes like neuraminidase, HIV-protease, DENV2 NS2B-NS3 protease and HSV multiplication. Polysaccharides and triterpenoids adjunct to other drugs exhibit potential action in prevention and treatment of various diseases. Immunomodulators and antiviral properties of this mushroom could be a potential source to overcome this current pandemic outbreak.
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28
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Khazeei Tabari MA, Iranpanah A, Bahramsoltani R, Rahimi R. Flavonoids as Promising Antiviral Agents against SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Mechanistic Review. Molecules 2021; 26:3900. [PMID: 34202374 PMCID: PMC8271800 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A newly diagnosed coronavirus in 2019 (COVID-19) has affected all human activities since its discovery. Flavonoids commonly found in the human diet have attracted a lot of attention due to their remarkable biological activities. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the benefits of flavonoids in COVID-19 disease. Previously-reported effects of flavonoids on five RNA viruses with similar clinical manifestations and/or pharmacological treatments, including influenza, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and Ebola, were considered. Flavonoids act via direct antiviral properties, where they inhibit different stages of the virus infective cycle and indirect effects when they modulate host responses to viral infection and subsequent complications. Flavonoids have shown antiviral activity via inhibition of viral protease, RNA polymerase, and mRNA, virus replication, and infectivity. The compounds were also effective for the regulation of interferons, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and sub-cellular inflammatory pathways such as nuclear factor-κB and Jun N-terminal kinases. Baicalin, quercetin and its derivatives, hesperidin, and catechins are the most studied flavonoids in this regard. In conclusion, dietary flavonoids are promising treatment options against COVID-19 infection; however, future investigations are recommended to assess the antiviral properties of these compounds on this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Khazeei Tabari
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran;
- USERN Office, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Amin Iranpanah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran;
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Kermanshah USERN Office, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Roodabeh Bahramsoltani
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 1417653761, Iran;
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 1417653761, Iran;
- PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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29
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Mushroom Nutrition as Preventative Healthcare in Sub-Saharan Africa. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11094221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The defining characteristics of the traditional Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) cuisine have been the richness in indigenous foods and ingredients, herbs and spices, fermented foods and beverages, and healthy and whole ingredients used. It is crucial to safeguard the recognized benefits of mainstream traditional foods and ingredients, which gradually eroded in the last decades. Notwithstanding poverty, chronic hunger, malnutrition, and undernourishment in the region, traditional eating habits have been related to positive health outcomes and sustainability. The research prevailed dealing with food availability and access rather than the health, nutrition, and diet quality dimensions of food security based on what people consume per country and on the missing data related to nutrient composition of indigenous foods. As countries become more economically developed, they shift to “modern” occidental foods rich in saturated fats, salt, sugar, fizzy beverages, and sweeteners. As a result, there are increased incidences of previously unreported ailments due to an unbalanced diet. Protein-rich foods in dietary guidelines enhance only those of animal or plant sources, while rich protein sources such as mushrooms have been absent in these charts, even in developed countries. This article considers the valorization of traditional African foodstuffs and ingredients, enhancing the importance of establishing food-based dietary guidelines per country. The crux of this review highlights the potential of mushrooms, namely some underutilized in the SSA, which is the continent’s little exploited gold mine as one of the greatest untapped resources for feeding and providing income for Africa’s growing population, which could play a role in shielding Sub-Saharan Africans against the side effects of an unhealthy stylish diet.
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30
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Girija A, Vijayanathan M, Sreekumar S, Basheer J, Menon TG, Krishnankutty RE, Soniya EV. Harnessing the natural pool of polyketide and non-ribosomal peptide family: A route map towards novel drug development. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:265-291. [PMID: 33745440 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210319145816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Emergence of communicable and non-communicable diseases possess health challenge to millions of people worldwide and is a major threat to the economic and social development in the coming century. The occurrence of recent pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 caused by lethal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is one such example. Rapid research and development of drugs for the treatment and management of these diseases has been an incredibly challenging task for the pharmaceutical industry. Although, substantial focus has been made in the discovery of therapeutic compounds from natural sources having significant medicinal potential, their synthesis has shown a slow progress. Hence, the discovery of new targets by the application of the latest biotechnological and synthetic biology approaches is very much the need of the hour. Polyketides (PKs) and non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) found in bacteria, fungi and plants are a large diverse family of natural products synthesized by two classes of enzymes: polyketide synthases (PKS) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS). These enzymes possess immense biomedical potential due to their simple architecture, catalytic capacity, as well as diversity. With the advent of latest in-silico and in-vitro strategies, these enzymes and their related metabolic pathways, if targeted, can contribute highly towards the biosynthesis of an array of potentially natural drug leads that have antagonist effects on biopolymers associated with various human diseases. In the face of the rising threat from the multidrug-resistant pathogens, this will further open new avenues for the discovery of novel and improved drugs by combining the natural and the synthetic approaches. This review discusses the relevance of polyketides and non-ribosomal peptides and the improvement strategies for the development of their derivatives and scaffolds, and how they will be beneficial to the future bioprospecting and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiswarya Girija
- Transdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Institute of Biological Environmental Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, United Kingdom
| | - Mallika Vijayanathan
- Transdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Biology Centre - Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Sweda Sreekumar
- Transdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Research Centre, University of Kerala, India
| | - Jasim Basheer
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, PD Hills, Kottayam, Kerala, India.,Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tara G Menon
- Transdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | - Eppurathu Vasudevan Soniya
- Transdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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31
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In Silico Screening of Natural Products Isolated from Mexican Herbal Medicines against COVID-19. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020216. [PMID: 33557097 PMCID: PMC7913859 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has already taken the lives of more than 2 million people worldwide, causing several political and socio-economic disturbances in our daily life. At the time of publication, there are non-effective pharmacological treatments, and vaccine distribution represents an important challenge for all countries. In this sense, research for novel molecules becomes essential to develop treatments against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this context, Mexican natural products have proven to be quite useful for drug development; therefore, in the present study, we perform an in silico screening of 100 compounds isolated from the most commonly used Mexican plants, against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. As results, we identify ten compounds that meet leadlikeness criteria (emodin anthrone, kaempferol, quercetin, aesculin, cichoriin, luteolin, matricin, riolozatrione, monocaffeoyl tartaric acid, aucubin). According to the docking analysis, only three compounds target the key proteins of SARS-CoV-2 (quercetin, riolozatrione and cichoriin), but only one appears to be safe (cichoriin). ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) properties and the physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model show that cichoriin reaches higher lung levels (100 mg/Kg, IV); therefore, it may be considered in developing therapeutic tools.
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Mushroom-derived bioactive compounds potentially serve as the inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease: An in silico approach. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 11:158-172. [PMID: 33520685 PMCID: PMC7836338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has now become the world pandemic. There is a race to develop suitable drugs and vaccines for the disease. The anti-HIV protease drugs are currently repurposed for the potential treatment of COVID-19. The drugs were primarily screened against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. With an urgent need for safe and effective drugs to treat the virus, we have explored natural products isolated from edible and medicinal mushrooms that have been reported to possess anti-HIV protease. Experimental procedures We have examined 36 compounds for their potential to be SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors using molecular docking study. Moreover, drug-likeness properties including absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity were evaluated by in silico ADMET analysis. Results Our AutoDock study showed that 25 of 36 candidate compounds have the potential to inhibit the main viral protease based on their binding affinity against the enzyme's active site when compared to the standard drugs. Interestingly, ADMET analysis and toxicity prediction revealed that 6 out of 25 compounds are the best drug-like property candidates, including colossolactone VIII, colossolactone E, colossolactone G, ergosterol, heliantriol F and velutin. Conclusion Our study highlights the potential of existing mushroom-derived natural compounds for further investigation and possibly can be used to fight against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Taxonomy classification by evise Disease, Infectious Disease, Respiratory System Disease, Covid-19, Traditional Medicine, Traditional Herbal Medicine, Phamaceutical Analysis.
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Discovery of mushroom-derived bioactive compound's draggability against nsP3 macro domain, nsP2 protease and envelope glycoprotein of Chikungunya virus: An in silico approach. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2021.100753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Ezeobiora CE, Igbokwe NH, Amin DH, Mendie UE. Endophytic microbes from Nigerian ethnomedicinal plants: a potential source for bioactive secondary metabolites-a review. BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE 2021; 45:103. [PMID: 34121835 PMCID: PMC8185314 DOI: 10.1186/s42269-021-00561-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endophytes are highly beneficial species of microbes that live in symbiosis with plant tissues in the setting. Endophytes are difficult to isolate in their natural environment, and they are understudied despite being a rich source of bioactive molecules. There are varieties of new infectious diseases emerging across the world, necessitating a constant and expanded search for newer and more efficient bioactive molecules. Nigeria is known for its biodiversity in ethnomedicinal plants, yet these plants are understudied for endophytic microbes harbouring novel bioactive molecules. MAIN BODY Endophytes are a source of novel organic natural molecules and are thought to be drug discovery frontiers. Endophyte research has contributed to the discovery of possible anticancer agents following the discovery of taxol. Endophyte research has contributed to the discovery of possible drug compounds with antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, antidiabetic, anti-Alzheimers disease and immunosuppressive properties among others. These breakthroughs provide hope for combating incurable diseases, drug resistance, the emergence of new infectious diseases, and other human health issues. Finding new medicines that may be effective candidates for treating newly emerging diseases in humans has a lot of promise. Most studies have been on fungi endophytes, with just a few reports on bacterial endophytes. The biology of endophytic bacteria and fungi, as well as endophytic microbes isolated from Nigerian medicinal plants, their isolation methods, identification by morphological and molecular methods, fermentation, purification, identification of bioactive compounds and biosynthetic gene clusters are all covered in this study. CONCLUSION In Nigeria, the sourcing and isolation of endophytes harboring biosynthetic gene clusters are still understudied, necessitating a rigorous quest for bioactive molecules in endophytes inhabiting various ethnomedicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chijioke E. Ezeobiora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Nwamaka H. Igbokwe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Dina H. Amin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Udoma E. Mendie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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Hisham Shady N, Youssif KA, Sayed AM, Belbahri L, Oszako T, Hassan HM, Abdelmohsen UR. Sterols and Triterpenes: Antiviral Potential Supported by In-Silico Analysis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E41. [PMID: 33375282 PMCID: PMC7823815 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The acute respiratory syndrome caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) caused severe panic all over the world. The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has already brought massive human suffering and major economic disruption and unfortunately, there is no specific treatment for COVID-19 so far. Herbal medicines and purified natural products can provide a rich resource for novel antiviral drugs. Therefore, in this review, we focused on the sterols and triterpenes as potential candidates derived from natural sources with well-reported in vitro efficacy against numerous types of viruses. Moreover, we compiled from these reviewed compounds a library of 162 sterols and triterpenes that was subjected to a computer-aided virtual screening against the active sites of the recently reported SARS-CoV-2 protein targets. Interestingly, the results suggested some compounds as potential drug candidates for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan Hisham Shady
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, P.O. Box 61111, New Minia City, Minia 61519, Egypt;
| | - Khayrya A. Youssif
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo 11865, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt; (A.M.S.); (H.M.H.)
| | - Lassaad Belbahri
- Laboratory of Soil Biology, University of Neuchatel, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland;
| | - Tomasz Oszako
- Departement of Forest Protection, Forest Research Institute, 05-090 Sękocin Stary, Poland;
| | - Hossam M. Hassan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt; (A.M.S.); (H.M.H.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, P.O. Box 61111, New Minia City, Minia 61519, Egypt;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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Zaporozhets TS, Besednova NN. Biologically active compounds from marine organisms in the strategies for combating coronaviruses. AIMS Microbiol 2020; 6:470-494. [PMID: 33364539 PMCID: PMC7755586 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress made in immunization and drug development, so far there are no prophylactic vaccines and effective therapies for many viral infections, including infections caused by coronaviruses. In this regard, the search for new antiviral substances continues to be relevant, and the enormous potential of marine resources are a stimulus for the study of marine compounds with antiviral activity in experiments and clinical trials. The highly pathogenic human coronaviruses-severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remain a serious threat to human health. In this review, the authors hope to bring the attention of researchers to the use of biologically active substances of marine origin as potential broad-spectrum antiviral agents targeting common cellular pathways and various stages of the life cycle of different viruses, including coronaviruses. The review has been compiled using references from major databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, Springer and Google Scholar (up to June 2020) and keywords such as 'coronaviruses', 'marine organisms', 'biologically active substances', 'antiviral drugs', 'SARS-CoV', 'MERS-CoV', 'SARS-CoV-2', '3CLpro', 'TMPRSS2', 'ACE2'. After obtaining all reports from the databases, the papers were carefully analysed in order to find data related to the topic of this review (98 references). Biologically active substances of marine origin, such as flavonoids, phlorotannins, alkaloids, terpenoids, peptides, lectins, polysaccharides, lipids and others substances, can affect coronaviruses at the stages of penetration and entry of the viral particle into the cell, replication of the viral nucleic acid and release of the virion from the cell; they also can act on the host's cellular targets. These natural compounds could be a vital resource in the fight against coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana S. Zaporozhets
- Immunology Laboratory, Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
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Ramadhan DSF, Fakih TM, Arfan A. Activity Prediction of Bioactive Compounds Contained in Etlingera elatior Against the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease: An In Silico Approach. BORNEO JOURNAL OF PHARMACY 2020. [DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v3i4.1634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has become a serious problem today, with its prevalence increasing every day. The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (MPro) is a promising therapeutic target to inhibit replicating and spreading the virus that causes COVID-19. The compounds contained in the Etlingera elatior plant has the potential. This study aimed to examine the compounds' activity in E. elatior against SARS-CoV-2 MPro using in silico methods. A total of seven compounds contained in E. elatior were obtained from the Knapsack database. The compounds were then docked into the SARS-CoV-2 MPro receptor's active site with the PDB ID 6LU7. Afterward, the biological activities were predicted by the PASS prediction webserver. The molecular docking results showed that ergosterol peroxide and sitostenone had the best binding energy with -10.40 kcal/mol and -9.17 kcal/mol, respectively. The in silico PASS prediction showed it has potential as antiviral therapy. It concluded ergosterol peroxide and sitostenone has the potential as SARS-CoV-2 MPro inhibitor candidate.
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Farooq S, Ngaini Z. Natural and Synthetic Drugs as Potential Treatment for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-2019). CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2020. [PMCID: PMC7682129 DOI: 10.1007/s42250-020-00203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic in a short period, where a tragically large number of human lives being lost. It is an infectious pandemic that recently infected more than two hundred countries in the world. Many potential treatments have been introduced, which are considered potent antiviral drugs and commonly reported as herbal or traditional and medicinal treatments. A variety of bioactive metabolites extracts from natural herbal have been reported for coronaviruses with some effective results. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved numerous drugs to be introduced against COVID-19, which commercially available as antiviral drugs and vaccines. In this study, a comprehensive review is discussed on the potential antiviral remedies based on natural and synthetic drugs. This review highlighted the potential remedies of COVID-19 which successfully applied to patients with high cytopathic inhibition potency for cell-to-cell spread and replication of coronavirus.
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Wakchaure PD, Ghosh S, Ganguly B. Revealing the Inhibition Mechanism of RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2 by Remdesivir and Nucleotide Analogues: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:10641-10652. [PMID: 33190493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Antiviral drug therapy against SARS-CoV-2 is not yet established and posing a serious global health issue. Remdesivir is the first antiviral compound approved by the US FDA for the SARS-CoV-2 treatment for emergency use, targeting RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) enzyme. In this work, we have examined the action of remdesivir and other two ligands screened from the library of nucleotide analogues using docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies. The MD simulations have been performed for all the ligand-bound RdRp complexes for the 30 ns time scale. This is one of the earlier reports to perform the MD simulations studies using the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp crystal structure (PDB ID 7BTF). The MD trajectories were analyzed and Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM-PBSA) calculations were performed to calculate the binding free energy. The binding energy data reveal that compound-17 (-59.6 kcal/mol) binds more strongly as compared to compound-8 (-46.3 kcal/mol) and remdesivir (-29.7 kcal/mol) with RdRp. The detailed analysis of trajectories shows that the remdesivir binds in the catalytic site and forms a hydrogen bond with the catalytic residues from 0 to 0.46 ns. Compound-8 binds in the catalytic site but does not form direct hydrogen bonds with catalytic residues. Compound-17 showed the formation of hydrogen bonds with catalytic residues throughout the simulation process. The MD simulation results such as hydrogen bonding, the center of mass distance analysis, snapshots at a different time interval, and binding energy suggest that compound-17 binds strongly with RdRp of SARS-CoV-2 and has the potential to develop as a new antiviral against COVID-19. Further, the frontier molecular orbital analysis and molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) iso-surface analysis using DFT calculations shed light on the superior binding of compound-17 with RdRp compared to remdesivir and compound-8. The computed as well as the experimentally reported pharmacokinetics and toxicity parameters of compound-17 is encouraging and therefore can be one of the potential candidates for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmaja D Wakchaure
- Computation and Simulation Unit (Analytical and Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility), CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shibaji Ghosh
- Computation and Simulation Unit (Analytical and Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility), CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Bishwajit Ganguly
- Computation and Simulation Unit (Analytical and Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility), CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Mohapatra RK, Pintilie L, Kandi V, Sarangi AK, Das D, Sahu R, Perekhoda L. The recent challenges of highly contagious COVID-19, causing respiratory infections: Symptoms, diagnosis, transmission, possible vaccines, animal models, and immunotherapy. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020. [PMID: 32654267 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.v96.510.1111/cbdd.13761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is highly contagious pathogenic viral infection initiated from Wuhan seafood wholesale market of China on December 2019 and spread rapidly around the whole world due to onward transmission. This recent outbreak of novel coronavirus (CoV) was believed to be originated from bats and causing respiratory infections such as common cold, dry cough, fever, headache, dyspnea, pneumonia, and finally Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in humans. For this widespread zoonotic virus, human-to-human transmission has resulted in nearly 83 lakh cases in 213 countries and territories with 4,50,686 deaths as on 19 June 2020. This review presents a report on the origin, transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, possible vaccines, animal models, and immunotherapy for this novel virus and will provide ample references for the researchers toward the ongoing development of therapeutic agents and vaccines and also preventing the spread of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, Odisha, India
| | - Lucia Pintilie
- Department of Synthesis of Bioactive Substances and Pharmaceutical Technologies, National Institute for Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of Microbiology, Pratima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ashish K Sarangi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India
| | - Debadutta Das
- Department of Chemistry, Sukanti Degree College, Subarnapur, Odisha, India
| | - Raghaba Sahu
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Lina Perekhoda
- Department of medicinal chemistry, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
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Mohapatra RK, Pintilie L, Kandi V, Sarangi AK, Das D, Sahu R, Perekhoda L. The recent challenges of highly contagious COVID-19, causing respiratory infections: Symptoms, diagnosis, transmission, possible vaccines, animal models, and immunotherapy. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 96:1187-1208. [PMID: 32654267 PMCID: PMC7405220 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is highly contagious pathogenic viral infection initiated from Wuhan seafood wholesale market of China on December 2019 and spread rapidly around the whole world due to onward transmission. This recent outbreak of novel coronavirus (CoV) was believed to be originated from bats and causing respiratory infections such as common cold, dry cough, fever, headache, dyspnea, pneumonia, and finally Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in humans. For this widespread zoonotic virus, human-to-human transmission has resulted in nearly 83 lakh cases in 213 countries and territories with 4,50,686 deaths as on 19 June 2020. This review presents a report on the origin, transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, possible vaccines, animal models, and immunotherapy for this novel virus and will provide ample references for the researchers toward the ongoing development of therapeutic agents and vaccines and also preventing the spread of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia Pintilie
- Department of Synthesis of Bioactive Substances and Pharmaceutical TechnologiesNational Institute for Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research and DevelopmentBucharestRomania
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of MicrobiologyPratima Institute of Medical SciencesKarimnagarHyderabadIndia
| | - Ashish K. Sarangi
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and ManagementOdishaIndia
| | - Debadutta Das
- Department of ChemistrySukanti Degree CollegeSubarnapurOdishaIndia
| | - Raghaba Sahu
- College of PharmacySeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Lina Perekhoda
- Department of medicinal chemistryNational University of PharmacyKharkivUkraine
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Bastos APDSP, Cardoso PG, Santos ÍAFM, Trento MVC, Porto LCJ, Marcussi S. Enzymatic Modulators from Induratia spp. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:3603-3611. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02170-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Thota SM, Balan V, Sivaramakrishnan V. Natural products as home-based prophylactic and symptom management agents in the setting of COVID-19. Phytother Res 2020; 34:3148-3167. [PMID: 32881214 PMCID: PMC7461159 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) has rapidly spread across the globe affecting 213 countries or territories with greater than six million confirmed cases and about 0.37 million deaths, with World Health Organization categorizing it as a pandemic. Infected patients present with fever, cough, shortness of breath, and critical cases show acute respiratory infection and multiple organ failure. Likelihood of these severe indications is further enhanced by age as well as underlying comorbidities such as diabetes, cardiovascular, or thoracic problems, as well as due to an immunocompromised state. Currently, curative drugs or vaccines are lacking, and the standard of care is limited to symptom management. Natural products like ginger, turmeric, garlic, onion, cinnamon, lemon, neem, basil, and black pepper have been scientifically proven to have therapeutic benefits against acute respiratory tract infections including pulmonary fibrosis, diffuse alveolar damage, pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, as well as associated septic shock, lung and kidney injury, all of which are symptoms associated with COVID‐19 infection. This review highlights the potential of these natural products to serve as home‐based, inexpensive, easily accessible, prophylactic agents against COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Manohar Thota
- Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur, India
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Engineering Technology Department, College of Technology, University of Houston, Sugar Land, Texas, USA
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Cheah IK, Halliwell B. Could Ergothioneine Aid in the Treatment of Coronavirus Patients? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E595. [PMID: 32646061 PMCID: PMC7402156 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with SARS-CoV-2 causes the coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic that has, at present, infected more than 11 million people globally. Some COVID-19 patients develop a severe and critical illness, spurred on by excessive inflammation that can lead to respiratory or multiorgan failure. Numerous studies have established the unique array of cytoprotective properties of the dietary amino acid ergothioneine. Based on studies in a range of in vitro and in vivo models, ergothioneine has exhibited the ability to modulate inflammation, scavenge free radicals, protect against acute respiratory distress syndrome, prevent endothelial dysfunction, protect against ischemia and reperfusion injury, protect against neuronal damage, counteract iron dysregulation, hinder lung and liver fibrosis, and mitigate damage to the lungs, kidneys, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and testis, amongst many others. When compiled, this evidence suggests that ergothioneine has a potential application in the treatment of the underlying pathology of COVID-19. We propose that ergothioneine could be used as a therapeutic to reduce the severity and mortality of COVID-19, especially in the elderly and those with underlying health conditions. This review presents evidence to support that proposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irwin K. Cheah
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore;
- Life Science Institute, Neurobiology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore;
- Life Science Institute, Neurobiology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
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