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Gallo-Rodriguez C, Rodriguez JB. Organoselenium Compounds in Medicinal Chemistry. ChemMedChem 2024:e202400063. [PMID: 38778500 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The chemical and biological interest in this element and the molecules bearing selenium has been exponentially growing over the years. Selenium, formerly designated as a toxin, becomes a vital trace element for life that appears as selenocysteine and its dimeric form, selenocystine, in the active sites of selenoproteins, which catalyze a wide variety of reactions, including the detoxification of reactive oxygen species and modulation of redox activities. From the point of view of drug developments, organoselenium drugs are isosteres of sulfur-containing and oxygen-containing drugs with the advantage that the presence of the selenium atom confers antioxidant properties and high lipophilicity, which would increase cell membrane permeation leading to better oral bioavailability. This statement is the paramount relevance considering the big number of clinically employed compounds bearing sulfur or oxygen atoms in their structures including nucleosides and carbohydrates. Thus, in this article we have focused on the relevant features of the application of selenium in medicinal chemistry. With the increasing interest in selenium chemistry, we have attempted to highlight the most significant published data on this subject, mainly concentrating the analysis on the last years. In consequence, the recent advances of relevant pharmacological organoselenium compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Gallo-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan B Rodriguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos en Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), C1428EHA, Buenos, Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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2
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Lai S, Liang X, Zeng Q. Recent Progress in Synthesis and Application of Chiral Organoselenium Compounds. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304067. [PMID: 38078625 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Chiral organoselenium compounds have shown an important role as intermediates in many areas, such as drug discovery, organic catalysis, and nanomaterials. A lot of different methods have been developed to synthesize chiral compounds which contain selenium, because they have interesting properties and can be used in real life. Over the last few decades, a lot of progress has been made in synthesizing chiral organoselenium compounds. This work gives an overview of the progress made in creating new ways to synthesize chiral organoselenium compounds by categorizing them into groups based on the reactions they undergo. In addition, the use of chiral organoselenium compounds is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Lai
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Xiayu Liang
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Qingle Zeng
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
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3
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Alhasan R, Martins GM, de Castro PP, Saleem RSZ, Zaiter A, Fries-Raeth I, Kleinclauss A, Perrin-Sarrado C, Chaimbault P, da Silva Júnior EN, Gaucher C, Jacob C. Selenoneine-inspired selenohydantoins with glutathione peroxidase-like activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 94:117479. [PMID: 37769443 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Chronic diseases such as cystic fibrosis, inflammatory bowel diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and cardiovascular illness have been linked to a decrease in selenium levels and an increase in oxidative stress. Selenium is an essential trace element that exhibits antioxidant properties, with selenocysteine enzymes like glutathione peroxidase being particularly effective at reducing peroxides. In this study, a series of synthetic organoselenium compounds were synthesized and evaluated for their potential antioxidant activities. The new selenohydantoin molecules were inspired by selenoneine and synthesized using straightforward methods. Their antioxidant potential was evaluated and proven using classical radical scavenging and metal-reducing methods. The selenohydantoin derivatives exhibited glutathione peroxidase-like activity, reducing hydroperoxides. Theoretical calculations using Density Functional Theory (DFT) revealed the selenone isomer to be the only one occurring in solution, with selenolate as a possible tautomeric form in the presence of a basic species. Cytocompatibility assays indicated that the selenohydantoin derivatives were non-toxic to primary human aortic smooth muscle cells, paving the way for further biological evaluations of their antioxidant activity. The results suggest that selenohydantoin derivatives with trifluoro-methyl (-CF3) and chlorine (-Cl) substituents have significant activities and could be potential candidates for further biological trials. These compounds may contribute to the development of effective therapies for chronic diseases such cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Alhasan
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000 Nancy, France; Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Guilherme M Martins
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sao Carlos, UFSCar, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Pedro P de Castro
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sao Carlos, UFSCar, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rahman Shah Zaib Saleem
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SBA School of Sciences and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Ali Zaiter
- Université de Lorraine, LCP-A2MC, F-57000 Metz, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Eufrânio N da Silva Júnior
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Gaucher
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000 Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Claus Jacob
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
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Anghinoni JM, Birmann PT, da Rocha MJ, Gomes CS, Davies MJ, Brüning CA, Savegnago L, Lenardão EJ. Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Low Molecular Mass Organoselenium Molecules. Molecules 2023; 28:7349. [PMID: 37959771 PMCID: PMC10649092 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element in living organisms, and is present in selenoenzymes with antioxidant activity, like glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). The search for small selenium-containing molecules that mimic selenoenzymes is a strong field of research in organic and medicinal chemistry. In this review, we review the synthesis and bioassays of new and known organoselenium compounds with antioxidant activity, covering the last five years. A detailed description of the synthetic procedures and the performed in vitro and in vivo bioassays is presented, highlighting the most active compounds in each series.
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Affiliation(s)
- João M. Anghinoni
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis (LASOL), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box 354, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil; (J.M.A.); (C.S.G.)
| | - Paloma T. Birmann
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group (GPN), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box 354, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil;
| | - Marcia J. da Rocha
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box 354, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil;
| | - Caroline S. Gomes
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis (LASOL), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box 354, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil; (J.M.A.); (C.S.G.)
| | - Michael J. Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Building 12.6, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - César A. Brüning
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box 354, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil;
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group (GPN), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box 354, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil;
| | - Eder J. Lenardão
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis (LASOL), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box 354, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil; (J.M.A.); (C.S.G.)
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Laskowska A, Pacuła-Miszewska AJ, Obieziurska-Fabisiak M, Jastrzębska A, Gach-Janczak K, Janecka A, Ścianowski J. Facile synthesis of chiral phenylselenides as novel antioxidants and cytotoxic agents. RSC Adv 2023; 13:14698-14702. [PMID: 37197685 PMCID: PMC10184004 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02475j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoselenium compounds are well-known for their unique biological properties, including antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory. They result from the presence of a particular Se-moiety enclosed in a structure that provides physicochemical features necessary for effective drug-target interactions. Looking for a proper drug design that considers the influence of each structural element has to be conducted. In this paper, we have synthesized a series of chiral phenylselenides, possessing an additional N-substituted amide moiety, and evaluated their antioxidant and anticancer potential. The presented derivatives, as a group of enantiomeric and diastereomeric pairs, enabled a thorough investigation of the 3D structure-activity dependence in correlation with the presence of the phenylselanyl group as the potential pharmacophore. The N-indanyl derivatives possessing a cis- and trans-2-hydroxy group were selected as the most promising antioxidants and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Laskowska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University 7 Gagarin Street 87-100 Torun Poland
| | - Agata J Pacuła-Miszewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University 7 Gagarin Street 87-100 Torun Poland
| | - Magdalena Obieziurska-Fabisiak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University 7 Gagarin Street 87-100 Torun Poland
| | - Aneta Jastrzębska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University 7 Gagarin Street 87-100 Torun Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gach-Janczak
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz 6/8 Mazowiecka Street 92-215 Lodz Poland
| | - Anna Janecka
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz 6/8 Mazowiecka Street 92-215 Lodz Poland
| | - Jacek Ścianowski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University 7 Gagarin Street 87-100 Torun Poland
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Orian L, Flohé L. Selenium-Catalyzed Reduction of Hydroperoxides in Chemistry and Biology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1560. [PMID: 34679695 PMCID: PMC8533274 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the chalcogens, selenium is the key element for catalyzed H2O2 reduction. In organic synthesis, catalytic amounts of organo mono- and di-selenides are largely used in different classes of oxidations, in which H2O2 alone is poorly efficient. Biological hydroperoxide metabolism is dominated by peroxidases and thioredoxin reductases, which balance hydroperoxide challenge and contribute to redox regulation. When their selenocysteine is replaced by cysteine, the cellular antioxidant defense system is impaired. Finally, classes of organoselenides have been synthesized with the aim of mimicking the biological strategy of glutathione peroxidases, but their therapeutic application has so far been limited. Moreover, their therapeutic use may be doubted, because H2O2 is not only toxic but also serves as an important messenger. Therefore, over-optimization of H2O2 reduction may lead to unexpected disturbances of metabolic regulation. Common to all these systems is the nucleophilic attack of selenium to one oxygen of the peroxide bond promoting its disruption. In this contribution, we revisit selected examples from chemistry and biology, and, by using results from accurate quantum mechanical modelling, we provide an accurate unified picture of selenium's capacity of reducing hydroperoxides. There is clear evidence that the selenoenzymes remain superior in terms of catalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Orian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Leopold Flohé
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
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Analytical Problems in Separation of Selenomethionine and Its Oxidative Product in HILIC HPLC. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26165073. [PMID: 34443660 PMCID: PMC8398165 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenomethionine (SeMet) is one of the main selenium forms in foods and supplements. Determining its presence in natural food samples creates difficulties due to possible oxidation processes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible degradation of SeMet in water extracts of green teas, one of the most consumed beverages worldwide. Such a medium has not been investigated at this time. The HILIC-HPLC MS/MS method with different stationary phases was used to achieve the satisfactory separation of SeMet and selenomethionine oxide (SeMetO). The addition of dithiothreitol and β-mercaptoethanol, recommended to ensure that SeMet is kept in the reduced form, was also evaluated. The best separation was achieved using the zwitterionic HILIC stationary phase coupled to mass spectrometry and MeOH with water (85/15, v/v) as the eluent. Extraction was done with hot water with the addition of β-mercaptoethanol. The infusions prepared from Lung-Ching teas (from the Zhejiang Province in China) contained the highest concentration of selenium in a typical cup of tea (12.5–17.3 µg L−1). For other tested teas it decreased in the following order: Yunnan > Dilmah > Lipton. For Lung-Ching teas, the sum of concentrations of SeMet and SeMetO corresponded to about 46–63% of the total selenium in their extracts.
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Silva MS, Alves D, Hartwig D, Jacob RG, Perin G, Lenardão EJ. Selenium‐NMR Spectroscopy in Organic Synthesis: From Structural Characterization Toward New Investigations. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Márcio S. Silva
- LASOL – CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel – P.O. Box 354 – 96010-900 Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- LASOL – CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel – P.O. Box 354 – 96010-900 Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Daniela Hartwig
- LASOL – CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel – P.O. Box 354 – 96010-900 Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Raquel G. Jacob
- LASOL – CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel – P.O. Box 354 – 96010-900 Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Gelson Perin
- LASOL – CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel – P.O. Box 354 – 96010-900 Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Eder J. Lenardão
- LASOL – CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel – P.O. Box 354 – 96010-900 Pelotas, RS Brazil
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