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Xia NY, Liu AY, Qi MY, Zhang HL, Huang YC, He F, Duan CQ, Pan QH. Enhancing the color and astringency of red wines through white grape seeds addition: Repurposing wine production byproducts. Food Chem X 2024; 23:101700. [PMID: 39211763 PMCID: PMC11359986 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The clear juice fermentation technique for white wines suggests that white grape seeds, rich in flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins, are not effectively utilized in the winemaking process. This study incorporated 'Gewürztraminer' grape seeds into 'Cabernet Sauvignon' must before cold soak to investigate how the resultant red wines' phenolic compound profiles, color, and astringency were affected. The results showed that adding seeds primarily inhibited the leaching of flavan-3-ols from both skins and seeds. A significant increase in the levels of flavan-3-ols, tannins, and phenolic acids, as well as direct and aldehyde-bridged flavan-3-ol-anthocyanin polymers, were observed in the wines with additional seeds. This led to the improvement in the wine' red hue and its resistance to SO2 bleaching. Furthermore, the wine added with seeds exhibited stronger astringency compared to those without. The findings provide a promising winemaking strategy to improve color stability and intensify the astringency of red wines through the utilization of grape seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nong-Yu Xia
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ao-Yi Liu
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Meng-Yao Qi
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hua-Lin Zhang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yong-Ce Huang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fei He
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chang-Qing Duan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Pan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
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2
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Vidal C, Lopez-Polo J, Osorio FA. Physical Properties of Cellulose Derivative-Based Edible Films Elaborated with Liposomes Encapsulating Grape Seed Tannins. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:989. [PMID: 39199233 PMCID: PMC11351243 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Combined use of edible films (EF) with nanoencapsulation systems could be an effective alternative for improving the films' physical properties and maintaining bioactive compounds' stability. This research work focuses on the combined use of EF of cellulose-derived biopolymers enriched with liposomes that encapsulate grape seed tannins and on the subsequent evaluation of the physical properties and wettability. Tannin-containing liposomal suspensions (TLS) showed 570.8 ± 6.0 nm particle size and 99% encapsulation efficiency. In vitro studies showed that the release of tannins from liposomes was slower than that of free tannins, reaching a maximum release of catechin of 0.13 ± 0.01%, epicatechin of 0.57 ± 0.01%, and gallic acid of 3.90 ± 0.001% over a 144 h period. Adding liposomes to biopolymer matrices resulted in significant decrease (p < 0.05) of density, surface tension, tensile strength, elongation percentage, and elastic modulus in comparison to the control, obtaining films with greater flexibility and lower breaking strength. Incorporating TLS into EF formulations resulted in partially wetting the hydrophobic surface, reducing adhesion and cohesion compared to EF without liposomes. Results indicate that the presence of liposomes improves films' physical and wettability properties, causing them to extend and not contract when applied to hydrophobic food surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Vidal
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Technological Faculty, University of Santiago-Chile—USACH, Av. El Belloto 3735, Estación Central, Santiago 9170022, Chile;
| | - Johana Lopez-Polo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, El Líbano 5524, Macul, Santiago 783090, Chile;
| | - Fernando A. Osorio
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Technological Faculty, University of Santiago-Chile—USACH, Av. El Belloto 3735, Estación Central, Santiago 9170022, Chile;
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Ivanov Y, Godjevargova T. Antimicrobial Polymer Films with Grape Seed and Skin Extracts for Food Packaging. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1378. [PMID: 39065146 PMCID: PMC11279212 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of antimicrobial food packaging is a very important and current goal, but it still difficult to implement in practice. Reducing microbial contamination and preserving food quality are very important tasks for food manufacturers as the use of antimicrobial packaging can preserve the health of consumers. On the other hand, the difficulty of degrading packaging materials, leading to environmental pollution, is also an important problem. These problems can be solved by using biodegradable biopolymers and antimicrobial agents in the production of food packaging. Very suitable antimicrobial agents are grape seed and skin extracts as they have high antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity and are obtained from grape pomace, a waste product of winemaking. The present review presents the valuable bioactive compounds contained in grape seeds and skins, the methods used to obtain the extracts, and their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Then, the application of grape seed and skin extracts for the production of antimicrobial packaging is reviewed. Emphasis is placed on antimicrobial packaging based on various biopolymers. Special attention is also paid to the application of the extract of grape skins to obtain intelligent indicator packages for the continuous monitoring of the freshness and quality of foods. The focus is mainly placed on the antimicrobial properties of the packaging against different types of microorganisms and their applications for food packaging. The presented data prove the good potential of grape seed and skin extracts to be used as active agents in the preparation of antimicrobial food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tzonka Godjevargova
- Department Biotechnology, University “prof. d-r A. Zlatarov”, 8010 Burgas, Bulgaria;
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Mercanti N, Macaluso M, Pieracci Y, Flamini G, Scappaticci G, Marianelli A, Zinnai A. Towards Sulphite-Free Winemaking: A New Horizon of Vinification and Maturation. Foods 2024; 13:1108. [PMID: 38611412 PMCID: PMC11012185 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The complex dynamics between oxygen exposure, sulphur dioxide (SO2) utilization, and wine quality are of the utmost importance in wine sector, and this study aims to explore their fine balance in winemaking. As a common additive, SO2 works as an antiseptic and antioxidant. However, its excessive use has raised health concerns. Regulatory guidelines, including Council Regulation (EC) N° 1493/1999 and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1622/2000, dictate SO2 concentrations in wines. The increasing demand for natural preservatives is driving the search for alternatives, with natural plant extracts, rich in phenolic compounds, emerging as promising substitutes. In this context, Bioma Company has proposed alternative additives deriving from vineyard waste to replace SO2 during winemaking. Thus, the aim of the present work was to compare the compositional characteristics between the product obtained with the alternative vinification and the traditional one during the winemaking, as well as the aroma compositions of the final wines. After a year of experimentation, the wines produced with Bioma products showed compositional characteristics comparable to their traditional counterparts. Notably, these wines comply with current legislation, with significantly reduced total sulphur content, allowing their designation as "without added sulphites". Bioma products emerge as potential catalysts for sustainable and health-conscious winemaking practices, reshaping the landscape of the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Mercanti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (N.M.); (M.M.); (G.S.); (A.M.); (A.Z.)
| | - Monica Macaluso
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (N.M.); (M.M.); (G.S.); (A.M.); (A.Z.)
| | | | - Guido Flamini
- Department of Pharmacy, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Giulio Scappaticci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (N.M.); (M.M.); (G.S.); (A.M.); (A.Z.)
| | - Andrea Marianelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (N.M.); (M.M.); (G.S.); (A.M.); (A.Z.)
| | - Angela Zinnai
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (N.M.); (M.M.); (G.S.); (A.M.); (A.Z.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Huamán-Castilla NL, Díaz Huamaní KS, Palomino Villegas YC, Allcca-Alca EE, León-Calvo NC, Colque Ayma EJ, Zirena Vilca F, Mariotti-Celis MS. Exploring a Sustainable Process for Polyphenol Extraction from Olive Leaves. Foods 2024; 13:265. [PMID: 38254566 PMCID: PMC10814471 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Olive leaves are residues from pruning and harvesting and are considered an environmental management problems. Interestingly, these residues contain high polyphenol concentrations, which can be used to treat chronic diseases. However, these compounds are a technological challenge due to their thermolability and reactivity during extraction. Thus, this study assessed the use of pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with green solvents like water-ethanol and water-glycerol mixtures (0-15%) at 50 °C and 70 °C to yield polyphenol-rich antioxidant extracts with reduced glucose and fructose content. The use of 30% ethanol at 70°C presented the highest polyphenol content (15.29 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight) and antioxidant capacity, which was expressed as IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration): 5.49 mg/mL and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC): 1259 μmol Trolox equivalent/g dry weight, as well as lower sugar content (glucose: 3.75 mg/g dry weight, fructose: 5.68 mg/g dry weight) compared to water-glycerol mixtures. Interestingly, ethanol exhibits a higher degree of effectiveness in recovering flavanols, stilbenes and secoiridoids, while glycerol improves the extraction of phenolic acids and flavonols. Therefore, to enhance the efficiency of polyphenol recovery during the PLE process, it is necessary to consider its solvent composition and chemical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Leander Huamán-Castilla
- Escuela de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru; (K.S.D.H.); (Y.C.P.V.); (E.E.A.-A.); (N.C.L.-C.)
- Laboratorio de Tecnologías Sustentables para la Extracción de Compuestos de Alto Valor, Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo del Perú (IINDEP), Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru
| | - Karla Syndel Díaz Huamaní
- Escuela de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru; (K.S.D.H.); (Y.C.P.V.); (E.E.A.-A.); (N.C.L.-C.)
- Laboratorio de Tecnologías Sustentables para la Extracción de Compuestos de Alto Valor, Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo del Perú (IINDEP), Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru
| | - Yolanda Cristina Palomino Villegas
- Escuela de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru; (K.S.D.H.); (Y.C.P.V.); (E.E.A.-A.); (N.C.L.-C.)
- Laboratorio de Tecnologías Sustentables para la Extracción de Compuestos de Alto Valor, Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo del Perú (IINDEP), Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru
| | - Erik Edwin Allcca-Alca
- Escuela de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru; (K.S.D.H.); (Y.C.P.V.); (E.E.A.-A.); (N.C.L.-C.)
- Laboratorio de Tecnologías Sustentables para la Extracción de Compuestos de Alto Valor, Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo del Perú (IINDEP), Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru
| | - Nilton Cesar León-Calvo
- Escuela de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru; (K.S.D.H.); (Y.C.P.V.); (E.E.A.-A.); (N.C.L.-C.)
- Laboratorio de Tecnologías Sustentables para la Extracción de Compuestos de Alto Valor, Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo del Perú (IINDEP), Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru
| | - Elvis Jack Colque Ayma
- Laboratorio de Contaminantes Orgánicos y Ambiente, Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo del Perú (IINDEP), Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Moquegua 18001, Peru; (E.J.C.A.); (F.Z.V.)
| | - Franz Zirena Vilca
- Laboratorio de Contaminantes Orgánicos y Ambiente, Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo del Perú (IINDEP), Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Moquegua 18001, Peru; (E.J.C.A.); (F.Z.V.)
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Li N, Freitas DS, Santos J, Venâncio A, Noro J, Su J, Wang H, Silva C, Cavaco-Paulo A. Laccase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Added-Value Polymers from Cork and Grape Extracts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18877-18889. [PMID: 37991200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The development of products from natural plant sources, including agriculture and food wastes, contributes significantly to the circular economy and global sustainability. Cork and grape wastes were employed as the primary sources in this study to obtain compounds of interest under mild extraction conditions. Laccase was applied to oxidize the cork and grape extracts, with the aim of producing value-added molecules with improved properties. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy was assessed to monitor the oxidation process, and characterization of the end products was performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) spectroscopy. The antioxidant and antiaging properties were evaluated by means of ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and SPF testing. Overall, as compared to their monomeric counterparts, the polymeric compounds displayed remarkable antioxidant and antiaging characteristics after laccase oxidation, showing tremendous potential for applications in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and textile industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Li
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center for Functional Textiles, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, 214122 Wuxi, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, 214122 Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - David S Freitas
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS─Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana Santos
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS─Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Armando Venâncio
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS─Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jennifer Noro
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS─Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jing Su
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center for Functional Textiles, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, 214122 Wuxi, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, 214122 Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center for Functional Textiles, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, 214122 Wuxi, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, 214122 Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Carla Silva
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS─Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS─Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Vivanco PG, Taboada P, Coelho A. The Southern European Atlantic Diet and Its Supplements: The Chemical Bases of Its Anticancer Properties. Nutrients 2023; 15:4274. [PMID: 37836558 PMCID: PMC10574233 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientific evidence increasingly supports the strong link between diet and health, acknowledging that a well-balanced diet plays a crucial role in preventing chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular issues, and certain types of cancer. This perspective opens the door to developing precision diets, particularly tailored for individuals at risk of developing cancer. It encompasses a vast research area and involves the study of an expanding array of compounds with multilevel "omics" compositions, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenomics, miRNomics, and metabolomics. We review here the components of the Southern European Atlantic Diet (SEAD) from both a chemical and pharmacological standpoint. The information sources consulted, complemented by crystallographic data from the Protein Data Bank, establish a direct link between the SEAD and its anticancer properties. The data collected strongly suggest that SEAD offers an exceptionally healthy profile, particularly due to the presence of beneficial biomolecules in its foods. The inclusion of olive oil and paprika in this diet provides numerous health benefits, and scientific evidence supports the anticancer properties of dietary supplements with biomolecules sourced from vegetables of the brassica genus. Nonetheless, further research is warranted in this field to gain deeper insights into the potential benefits of the SEAD's bioactive compounds against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo García Vivanco
- Spanish Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
- Nutrition and Digestive Working Group, Spanish Society of Clinical, Family, and Community Pharmacy (SEFAC), 28045 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Taboada
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Institute of Materials-USC (IMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alberto Coelho
- Institute of Materials-USC (IMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Li JT, Zhao YH, Lv Y, Su X, Mei WL, Lu YP, Zheng PH, Zhang ZL, Zhang XX, Chen HQ, Dai HF, Xian JA. Evaluating the Antioxidant Properties of the Leaves and Stems of Alpinia oxyphylla In Vitro and Its Growth-Promoting, Muscle Composition Change, and Antioxidative Stress Function on Juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1802. [PMID: 37891881 PMCID: PMC10604745 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpinia oxyphylla is a homology of medicine and food. This study aims to investigate the dominant chemical composition and explore the antioxidant properties of the ethanol extract of the leaves and stems of A. oxyphylla (AOE) on juvenile shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. An in vitro test showed that AOE and its dominant chemical composition procyanidin B-2 (1) and epicatechin (2) presented DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. A shrimp feeding supplement experiment revealed that shrimp growth parameters and muscle composition were improved significantly when fed with a 200 mg/Kg AOE additive. Meanwhile, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, GSH-Px, SOD, and T-AOC) in serum and the liver and the expression of related genes (LvMn-SOD, LvCAT, LvproPo, and LvGSH-Px) were enhanced with various degrees in different AOE additive groups while the content of MDA was significantly decreased. Moreover, the antioxidative effect of AOE additive groups on shrimp was also observed in an acute ammonia nitrogen stress test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Tao Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China; (J.-T.L.); (Y.L.); (X.S.); (W.-L.M.); (Y.-P.L.); (P.-H.Z.); (Z.-L.Z.); (X.-X.Z.)
| | - Yu-Hua Zhao
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Yuan Lv
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China; (J.-T.L.); (Y.L.); (X.S.); (W.-L.M.); (Y.-P.L.); (P.-H.Z.); (Z.-L.Z.); (X.-X.Z.)
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Xin Su
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China; (J.-T.L.); (Y.L.); (X.S.); (W.-L.M.); (Y.-P.L.); (P.-H.Z.); (Z.-L.Z.); (X.-X.Z.)
| | - Wen-Li Mei
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China; (J.-T.L.); (Y.L.); (X.S.); (W.-L.M.); (Y.-P.L.); (P.-H.Z.); (Z.-L.Z.); (X.-X.Z.)
| | - Yao-Peng Lu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China; (J.-T.L.); (Y.L.); (X.S.); (W.-L.M.); (Y.-P.L.); (P.-H.Z.); (Z.-L.Z.); (X.-X.Z.)
| | - Pei-Hua Zheng
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China; (J.-T.L.); (Y.L.); (X.S.); (W.-L.M.); (Y.-P.L.); (P.-H.Z.); (Z.-L.Z.); (X.-X.Z.)
| | - Ze-Long Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China; (J.-T.L.); (Y.L.); (X.S.); (W.-L.M.); (Y.-P.L.); (P.-H.Z.); (Z.-L.Z.); (X.-X.Z.)
| | - Xiu-Xia Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China; (J.-T.L.); (Y.L.); (X.S.); (W.-L.M.); (Y.-P.L.); (P.-H.Z.); (Z.-L.Z.); (X.-X.Z.)
| | - Hui-Qin Chen
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China; (J.-T.L.); (Y.L.); (X.S.); (W.-L.M.); (Y.-P.L.); (P.-H.Z.); (Z.-L.Z.); (X.-X.Z.)
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Hao-Fu Dai
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China; (J.-T.L.); (Y.L.); (X.S.); (W.-L.M.); (Y.-P.L.); (P.-H.Z.); (Z.-L.Z.); (X.-X.Z.)
| | - Jian-An Xian
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China; (J.-T.L.); (Y.L.); (X.S.); (W.-L.M.); (Y.-P.L.); (P.-H.Z.); (Z.-L.Z.); (X.-X.Z.)
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9
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Rosen Vollmar AK, Rattray NJW, Cai Y, Jain A, Yan H, Deziel NC, Calafat AM, Wilcox AJ, Jukic AMZ, Johnson CH. Urinary Paraben Concentrations and Associations with the Periconceptional Urinary Metabolome: Untargeted and Targeted Metabolomics Analyses of Participants from the Early Pregnancy Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:97006. [PMID: 37702489 PMCID: PMC10498870 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parabens, found in everyday items from personal care products to foods, are chemicals with endocrine-disrupting activity, which has been shown to influence reproductive function. OBJECTIVES This study investigated whether urinary concentrations of methylparaben, propylparaben, or butylparaben were associated with the urinary metabolome during the periconceptional period, a critical window for female reproductive function. Changes to the periconceptional urinary metabolome could provide insights into the mechanisms by which parabens could impact fertility. METHODS Urinary paraben concentrations were measured in paired pre- and postconception urine samples from 42 participants in the Early Pregnancy Study, a prospective cohort of 221 women attempting to conceive. We performed untargeted and targeted metabolomics analyses using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. We used principal component analysis, orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis, and permutation testing, coupled with univariate statistical analyses, to find metabolites associated with paraben concentration at the two time points. Potential confounders were identified with a directed acyclic graph and used to adjust results with multivariable linear regression. Metabolites were identified using fragmentation data. RESULTS Seven metabolites were associated with paraben concentration (variable importance to projection score > 1 , false discovery rate-corrected q -value < 0.1 ). We identified four diet-related metabolites to the Metabolomics Standards Initiative (MSI) certainty of identification level 2, including metabolites from smoke flavoring, grapes, and olive oil. One metabolite was identified to the class level only (MSI level 3). Two metabolites were unidentified (MSI level 4). After adjustment, three metabolites remained associated with methylparaben and propylparaben, two of which were diet-related. No metabolomic markers of endocrine disruption were associated with paraben concentrations. DISCUSSION This study identified novel relationships between urinary paraben concentrations and diet-related metabolites but not with metabolites on endocrine-disrupting pathways, as hypothesized. It demonstrates the feasibility of integrating untargeted metabolomics data with environmental exposure information and epidemiological adjustment for confounders. The findings underscore a potentially important connection between diet and paraben exposure, with applications to nutritional epidemiology and dietary exposure assessment. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12125.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana K Rosen Vollmar
- Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nicholas J W Rattray
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Yuping Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Abhishek Jain
- Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hong Yan
- Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nicole C Deziel
- Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Organic Analytical Toxicology Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Allen J Wilcox
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anne Marie Z Jukic
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Caroline H Johnson
- Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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10
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Chengolova Z, Ivanov Y, Godjevargova T. Comparison of Identification and Quantification of Polyphenolic Compounds in Skins and Seeds of Four Grape Varieties. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104061. [PMID: 37241801 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify and quantify polyphenolic compounds in skin extracts from four Bulgarian grape varieties and compare them to those of seed extracts. The values of total phenolic contents, flavonoids, anthocyanins, procyanidins and an ascorbic acid in grape skin extracts were determined. The antioxidant capacities of skin extracts were evaluated using four different methods. The total phenolic content of skin extracts was 2-3 times lower than those of seed extracts. The significant difference between total parameter values of individual grape varieties were also found. According to the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of skin extracts, the different grape varieties were arranged in the following order: Marselan ≥ Pinot Noir ˃ Cabernet Sauvignon ˃ Tamyanka. The individual compounds in the grape skin extracts were determined using RP-HPLC and compared with those of the seed extracts. The determined composition of skin extracts was significantly different from the seed extracts' composition. Quantitative evaluation of the procyanidins and catechins in the skins was carried out. A correlation between phenolic contents, individual compounds and antioxidant capacity of different extracts was found. The studied grape extracts have a potential to be applied as natural antioxidants in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatina Chengolova
- Department Biotechnology, University "Prof. Dr. A. Zlatarov", 8010 Burgas, Bulgaria
| | - Yavor Ivanov
- Department Biotechnology, University "Prof. Dr. A. Zlatarov", 8010 Burgas, Bulgaria
| | - Tzonka Godjevargova
- Department Biotechnology, University "Prof. Dr. A. Zlatarov", 8010 Burgas, Bulgaria
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11
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Darwish AG, Moniruzzaman M, Tsolova V, El-Sharkawy I. Integrating Metabolomics and Gene Expression Underlying Potential Biomarkers Compounds Associated with Antioxidant Activity in Southern Grape Seeds. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020210. [PMID: 36837828 PMCID: PMC9963462 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Different southern grape (Muscadine) genotypes (Muscadinia rotundifolia Michx.) were evaluated for their contents of metabolites in ripe berries. The metabolome study identified 331 metabolites in ripening skin and seed tissues. The major chemical groups were organic acids, fatty acyls, polyketides, and organic heterocycle compounds. The metabolic pathways of the identified metabolite were mainly arginine biosynthesis, D-glutamine, D-glutamate metabolism, alanine, aspartate metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and citrate cycle. Principal component analysis indicated that catechin, gallic acid, and epicatechin-3-gallate were the main metabolites existing in muscadine seed extracts. However, citramalic and malic acids were the main metabolites contributing to muscadine skin extracts. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis (VIP > 1) described 25 key compounds indicating the metabolome in muscadine tissues (skin and seed). Correlation analysis among the 25 compounds and oxidation inhibition activities identified five biomarker compounds that were associated with antioxidant activity. Catechin, gallic acid, epicatechin-3-gallate, fertaric acid, and procyanidin B1 were highly associated with DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC, and ABTS. The five biomarker compounds were significantly accumulated in the seed relative to the skin tissues. An evaluation of 15 antioxidant-related genes represented by the 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase (DHD), shikimate kinase (SK), chalcone synthase (CHS), anthocyanidin reductase (ANR), laccase (LAC), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), 3-dehydroquinate synthase (DHQS), chorismate mutase (CM), flavanone-3-hydroxylase (F3H), cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR), gallate 1-β-glucosyltransferase (UGT), and anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) encode critical enzymes related to polyphenolics pathway throughout four developmental stages (fruit-set FS, véraison V, ripe-skin R, and ripe-seed; S) in the C5 genotype demonstrated the dramatic accumulation of all transcripts in seed tissue or a developmental stage-dependent manner. Our findings suggested that muscadine grape seeds contain essential metabolites that could attract the attention of those interested in the pharmaceutical sector and the plant breeders to develop new varieties with high nutraceutical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed G. Darwish
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Md Moniruzzaman
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA
| | - Violeta Tsolova
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA
| | - Islam El-Sharkawy
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-850-599-8685
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12
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Milella RA, De Rosso M, Gasparro M, Gigante I, Debiase G, Forleo LR, Marsico AD, Perniola R, Tutino V, Notarnicola M, Velasco R, Flamini R. Correlation between antioxidant and anticancer activity and phenolic profile of new Apulian table grape genotypes ( V. Vinifera L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1064023. [PMID: 36714705 PMCID: PMC9874228 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1064023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Grapes represent a significant source of phenolic compounds known for their health-promoting properties, such as antioxidant capacity on normal cells and prooxidant activity on tumor cells. The genotype highly affects the polyphenolic composition in grapes and, consequently, the nutritional quality of berries. This work aimed to characterize the phenolic composition, the antioxidant, and anticancer activity of grape skin extracts (GSEs) of nine new table grape genotypes selected from a breeding program to obtain new cultivars of seedless table grapes, well adapted to the climatic change and with higher nutraceutical properties. The grape polyphenolic profile was characterized by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Quadrupole-Time of Flight mass spectrometry analysis. GSE antioxidant activity was determined by the ABTS, DPPH, and ORAC assays; GSE cell growth inhibition test was carried out in the Caco2 human cancer cell line. The nine GSEs showed different flavonoid and non-flavonoid profiles, and all possessed antioxidant activity, with the 'Aika N.', 'Turese N.', and 'Egnatia N.' the most active. As anticancer activity against the tested cancer cell line, 'Daunia N.' and 'Apenestae N.' showed the EC50 after 24 h of 35.60 µg/mL and 150.91 µg/mL, respectively. The relationship between polyphenolic profile and the antioxidant and anticancer activity of GSE was also investigated. Interestingly, among the different classes of polyphenolics, flavan-3-ols e proanthocyanidins showed the highest positive correlation with the anticancer activity of extracts. These findings can be helpful for the preparation of new extracts for the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry and geneticists working in vine breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Anna Milella
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Turi, Bari, Italy
| | - Mirko De Rosso
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Conegliano, Treviso, Italy
| | - Marica Gasparro
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Turi, Bari, Italy
| | - Isabella Gigante
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology Saverio de Bellis, IRCCS Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Giambattista Debiase
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Turi, Bari, Italy
| | - Lucia Rosaria Forleo
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Turi, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Domenico Marsico
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Turi, Bari, Italy
| | - Rocco Perniola
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Turi, Bari, Italy
| | - Valeria Tutino
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology Saverio de Bellis, IRCCS Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Maria Notarnicola
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology Saverio de Bellis, IRCCS Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Riccardo Velasco
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Conegliano, Treviso, Italy
| | - Riccardo Flamini
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Conegliano, Treviso, Italy
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13
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Wang Q, Chen YY, Yang ZC, Yuan HJ, Dong YW, Miao Q, Li YQ, Wang J, Yu JZ, Xiao BG, Ma CG. Grape Seed Extract Attenuates Demyelination in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mice by Inhibiting Inflammatory Response of Immune Cells. Chin J Integr Med 2023; 29:394-404. [PMID: 36607588 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3587-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the anti-inflammatory effect of grape seed extract (GSE) in animal and cellular models and explore its mechanism of action. METHODS This study determined the inhibitory effect of GSE on macrophage inflammation and Th1 and Th17 polarization in vitro. Based on the in vitro results, the effects and mechanisms of GSE on multiple sclerosis (MS)-experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice model were further explored. The C57BL/6 mice were intragastrically administered with 50 mg/kg of GSE once a day from the 3rd day to the 27th day after immunization. The activation of microglia, the polarization of Th1 and Th17 and the inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α), interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β), IL-6, IL-12, IL-17 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secreted by them were detected in vitro and in vivo by flow cytometry, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence staining and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS GSE reduced the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1 β and IL-6 in bone marrow-derived macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (P<0.01), inhibited the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17 and IFN-γ in spleen cells of EAE mice immunized for 9 days (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and reduced the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 mediated by CD3 and CD28 factors (P<0.01). GSE significantly improved the clinical symptoms of EAE mice, and inhibited spinal cord demyelination and inflammatory cell infiltration. Peripherally, GSE downregulated the expression of toll-like-receptor 4 (TLR4) and Rho-associated kinase (ROCKII, P<0.05 or P<0.01), and inhibited the secretion of inflammatory factors (P<0.01 or P<0.05). In the central nervous system, GSE inhibited the infiltration of CD45+CD11b+ and CD45+CD4+ cells, and weakened the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 (P<0.05). Moreover, it reduced the secretion of inflammatory factors (P<0.01), and prevented the activation of microglia (P<0.05). CONCLUSION GSE had a beneficial effect on the pathogenesis and progression of EAE by inhibiting inflammatory response as a potential drug and strategy for the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Research Center of Neurobiology, the Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, 030619, China
| | - Yang-Yang Chen
- Research Center of Neurobiology, the Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, 030619, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Yang
- Research Center of Neurobiology, the Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, 030619, China
| | - Hai-Jun Yuan
- Research Center of Neurobiology, the Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, 030619, China
| | - Yi-Wei Dong
- Research Center of Neurobiology, the Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, 030619, China
| | - Qiang Miao
- Research Center of Neurobiology, the Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, 030619, China
| | - Yan-Qing Li
- Research Center of Neurobiology, the Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, 030619, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Research Center of Neurobiology, the Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, 030619, China.,Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Jie-Zhong Yu
- Research Center of Neurobiology, the Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, 030619, China.,Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi Province, 037009, China.,Department of Neurology, Datong Fifth People's Hospital, Datong, Shanxi Province, 037009, China
| | - Bao-Guo Xiao
- Research Center of Neurobiology, the Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, 030619, China.,Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Cun-Gen Ma
- Research Center of Neurobiology, the Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, 030619, China. .,Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi Province, 037009, China.
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14
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Ma H, Hou A, Tang J, Zhong A, Li K, Xiao Y, Li Z. Antioxidant Activity of Vitis davidii Foex Seed and Its Effects on Gut Microbiota during Colonic Fermentation after In Vitro Simulated Digestion. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172615. [PMID: 36076800 PMCID: PMC9455166 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitis davidii Foex whole seed (VWS) is a by-product during the processing of grape products, which is rich in bioactive compounds that have great potential in the food industry. In this study, the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of VWS were determined, and their dynamic changes during in vitro colonic fermentation were also investigated after VWS subjected to in vitro simulated digestion. Results showed that VWS were rich in polyphenols (23.67 ± 0.52 mg GAE/g), flavonoids (13.13 ± 1.22 mg RE/g), and proanthocyanidins (8.36 ± 0.14 mg CE/g). It also had good DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, which reached 82.10% and 76.10% at 1000 μg/mL. The alteration trend of the antioxidant activity during in vitro fermentation for 24 h was consistent with that of the content of bioactive substances, such as polyphenols, with the extension of fermentation time. The bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing, reaching the highest value at 8 h. The high-throughput sequencing analysis of the regulatory effect of VWS on intestinal micro-organisms revealed that VWS influenced intestinal microbiota diversity. The relative abundance of beneficial microbiota, such as Blautia and Parabacteroides, increased by 4.1- and 1.65-fold after 24 h of fermentation compared with that of the control group. It also reduced Escherichia-Shigella by 11.23% and effectively reduced host inflammation, while increasing the contents of acetic acid, propionic acid, and other metabolites. Taken together, these results reveal the value of VWS utilization and provide new insights into the nutritional and microbiota modulation effects of VWS, which could therefore serve as a nutraceutical ingredient in health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Aixiang Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jiaojiao Tang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Aiai Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ke Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (Z.L.); Tel.: +86-731-8461-7007 (Z.L.)
| | - Zongjun Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (Z.L.); Tel.: +86-731-8461-7007 (Z.L.)
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Koriem KMM. Fertaric acid amends bisphenol A-induced toxicity, DNA breakdown, and histopathological changes in the liver, kidney, and testis. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:535-550. [PMID: 35582291 PMCID: PMC9055189 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i3.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is present in many plastic products and food packaging. On the other hand, fertaric acid (FA) is a hydroxycinnamic acid. AIM To investigate the effect of FA on BPA-related liver, kidney, and testis toxicity, DNA breakdown, and histopathology in male rats. METHODS Thirty male albino rats were divided into five equal groups (6 rats/group): Control, paraffin oil, FA-, BPA-, and FA + BPA-treated groups. The control and paraffin oil groups were administered orally with 1 mL distilled water and 1 mL paraffin oil, respectively. The FA-, BPA-, and FA+ BPA-treated groups were administered orally with FA (45 mg/kg, bw) dissolved in 1 mL distilled water, BPA (4 mg/kg, bw) dissolved in 1 mL paraffin oil, and FA (45 mg/kg, bw) followed by BPA (4 mg/kg, bw), respectively. All these treatments were given once a day for 6 wk. RESULTS BPA induced a significant decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, sodium, potassium and chloride, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and testis protein levels but a highly significant increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, lactate dehydrogenase, bilirubin, urea, creatinine, uric acid, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, sex hormone binding globulin, blood urea nitrogen, and testis cholesterol levels. Also, FA inhibited the degradation of liver, kidney, and testis DNA content. Oral administration of FA to BPA-treated rats restored all the above parameters to normal levels. CONCLUSION FA ameliorates BPA-induced liver, kidney, and testis toxicity, DNA breakdown, and histopathological changes.
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Cultivar Differences on Nutraceuticals of Grape Juices and Seeds. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8030267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, nutraceutical properties of fruit juice and seeds, which are important for human health, of green (Kabarcik, Cavus), red (red Globe) and black (Honusu, Yildiz, Yediveren and Helvani) skin colored grape cultivars grown in same ecological conditions were investigated. Harvest period, number of seeds, cluster form, cluster weight, berry weight, berry color and usage area were determined as morphological parameters. The Folin-Ciocalteu method was used for total phenol content analysis. The total antioxidant status of juices and seeds of grape cultivars have been determined by 2,2–diphenyl−1–picryl-hydrazyl–hydrate (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays. Seeds of all grape cultivars exhibited higher nutraceuticals than fruit juices. Total phenolic content of seed samples was found to be quite variable in range of 1.90 mg GAE/g (cv. Yildiz)–3.46 mg GAE/g (cv. Honusu) fresh weight base (FW), indicating 2 folds of differences between green and black grape cultivars. Green and black cultivars also showed the lowest and the highest total phenolic content in juices between 1.69 (cv. Yediveren) and 2.45 (cv. Honusu mg GAE/g FW). Seeds and fruit juices of all cultivars analyzed showed high antioxidant capacity and total phenol content. Of all different colored cultivars, black peel-colored cultivars had the highest values and combined better morphological and nutraceutical traits with an excellent berry qualitative profile for cv. Honusu and Helvani.
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Effect of Must Hyperoxygenation on Sensory Expression and Chemical Composition of the Resulting Wines. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 27:molecules27010235. [PMID: 35011467 PMCID: PMC8746419 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This paper evaluates the effect of must hyperoxygenation on final wine. Lower concentrations of caftaric acid (0.29 mg·L−1), coutaric acid (1.37 mg·L−1) and Catechin (0.86 mg·L−1) were observed in hyperoxygenated must in contrast to control must (caftaric acid 32.78 mg·L−1, coutaric acid 5.01 mg·L−1 and Catechin 4.45 mg·L−1). In the final wine, hydroxybenzoic acids were found in higher concentrations in the control variant (gallic acid 2.58 mg·L−1, protocatechuic acid 1.02 mg·L−1, vanillic acid 2.05 mg·L−1, syringic acid 2.10 mg·L−1) than in the hyperoxygenated variant (2.01 mg·L−1, 0.86 mg·L−1, 0.98 mg·L−1 and 1.50 mg·L−1 respectively). Higher concentrations of total flavanols (2 mg·L−1 in hyperoxygenated must and 21 mg·L−1 in control must; 7.5 mg·L−1 in hyperoxygenated wine and 19.8 mg·L−1 in control wine) and polyphenols (97 mg·L−1 in hyperoxygenated must and 249 mg·L−1 in control must; 171 mg·L−1 in hyperoxygenated wine and 240 mg·L−1 in control wine) were found in both the must and the control wine. A total of 24 volatiles were determined using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Statistical differences were achieved for isobutyl alcohol (26.33 mg·L−1 in control wine and 32.84 mg·L−1 in hyperoxygenated wine), or 1-propanol (7.28 mg·L−1 in control wine and 8.51 mg·L−1 in hyperoxygenated wine), while esters such as isoamyl acetate (1534.41 µg·L−1 in control wine and 698.67 µg·L−1 in hyperoxygenated wine), 1-hexyl acetate (136.32 µg·L−1 in control wine and 71.67 µg·L−1 in hyperoxygenated wine) and isobutyl acetate (73.88 µg·L−1 in control wine and 37.27 µg·L−1 in hyperoxygenated wine) had a statistically lower concentration.
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Vršič S, Vršič K. ‘Pinore’: The New Red Wine Variety Cross-Bred between ‘Pinot Noir’ and ‘Regent’ Vines. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10122666. [PMID: 34961137 PMCID: PMC8707327 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Renewed interest in varieties that are more tolerant to diseases has emerged, which is mainly due to increased awareness by producers and consumers regarding the impact of phytochemicals in the environment. This paper describes the first Slovenian grapevine variety ‘Pinore’ crossed between the Vitis vinifera L. ‘Pinot Noir’ clone Mf and ‘Regent’ vines. The aim was to create an early ripening grape cultivar that has a good tolerance to biotic stress (e.g., downy and powdery mildew, botrytis) combined with the benefits of established cultivars and their intense wine colors. Some ampelographic characteristics of young shoots, mature leaves, bunches, and berries are presented, and its major agronomic traits, ripening time, grape yield, quality performances, and disease resistance were evaluated over a three-year period (2014–2017). Wine sensory analyses were performed and compared with the international variety ‘Pinot Noir’. The examined genotype showed good agronomic performance and a high wine quality as far as the content of polyphenols is concerned, especially in terms of anthocyanins and tolerance to diseases (Ren3/9 and Rpv3.1); it is significantly different compared to the reference variety ‘Pinot Noir’. In terms of ampelographic characteristics, the main differences are in the number of leaf lobes, the depth of the lateral sinuses, and the content of anthocyanins in its flesh. The investigated genotype has been proposed to the Committee of new varieties in Slovenia for the variety recognition procedure, and completion of the procedure planned for the end of 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanko Vršič
- University Centre of Viticulture and Enology Meranovo, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
| | - Klemen Vršič
- Fabijan Lab, Laboratory Services, Vosek 6e, 2231 Pernica, Slovenia;
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Kupe M, Karatas N, Unal MS, Ercisli S, Baron M, Sochor J. Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Peel, Pulp and Seed Extracts of Different Clones of the Turkish Grape Cultivar 'Karaerik'. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2154. [PMID: 34685965 PMCID: PMC8538078 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The Erzincan plain is one of the richest regions in Turkey in terms of plant biodiversity. In this region, the famous grape cultivar 'Karaerik' has always dominated grape production due to its berry characteristics. The cultivar shows great morphological variation at clonal level. In this study, the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of peel, pulp and seed extracts of nine 'Karaerik' clones sampled from same location were investigated. The Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to determine the total phenolic content of peel, pulp and seed extracts of nine clones. To determine antioxidant activity, three well known assays such as DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate), FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) and TEAC (Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity) were used. In addition, the correlation between total phenol content and DPPH, FRAP and TEAC was determined. Results showed that among the tissues, seed samples in berries of all clones had the highest total phenol content and antioxidant activity determined by three assays. Seed samples were followed by peel and pulp for total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Among the nine 'Karaerik' clones, Clone 8 had the highest total phenolic content (149 mg GAE/100 g FW) while Clone 3 had the lowest (111 mg GAE/100 g FW). Peel, pulp and seed samples of nine 'Karaerik' clones showed strong antioxidant activity in DPPH, FRAP and TEAC assays. In particular, grape seeds were found rich for better in phenolic compounds including gallic acid, quercetin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid. Clones such as 7, 8 and 9 higher antioxidant activity may present great potential for grape breeders and the food industry as well as health-conscious consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Kupe
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey;
| | - Neva Karatas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey;
| | - Mehmet Settar Unal
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Sirnak University, Sirnak 73000, Turkey;
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey;
| | - Mojmir Baron
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 337, 691 44 Lednice, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Jiri Sochor
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 337, 691 44 Lednice, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (J.S.)
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Nutraceutical and Functional Properties of Peel, Pulp, and Seed Extracts of Six ‘Köhnü’ Grape Clones. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7100346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Grape production has a long history in the Elazig province and surrounding vicinity and produced grapes have been used for table consumption and also processed into traditional beverages, Şıra (special non-alcoholic grape juice) and wine. In the Elazig province, the main grape cultivars are ‘Ağın Beyazı’, ‘Öküzgözü’, ‘Boğazkere’, ‘Şilfoni’, ‘Tahannebi’, and ‘Köhnü’. Among them, ‘Köhnü’ cultivar is highly preferred by consumers due to its black color and perfect berry characteristics. The cultivar has grown for centuries in different parts of Elazig and shows a great variability for most of its morphological and biochemical characteristics. In the present study, we aimed to determine morphological and biochemical traits in six ‘Köhnü’ clones sampled from Elazığ. The cluster weight of six clones was found between 334–394 g. The highest total phenolic content was observed in seeds followed by peel and pulp samples. The seed extract of Clone 2 had the highest total phenolic content at 254 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g fresh weight. The results also showed that peel, pulp, and seed samples of ‘Köhnü’ grape clones had considerable amounts of antioxidant components determined by DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl), FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), and TEAC assays and might be rich sources of natural antioxidants. Among the six ‘Köhnü’ clones, Clone 3, and Clone 6 differed from the others in respect to the highest cluster weight, the highest concentrations of total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. The results also implied that all clones could be used potentially as a readily accessible source of natural antioxidants and as a possible pharmaceutical supplement.
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Lourenção Zomer AP, Rodrigues CA, Rotta EM, Vilela Junqueira NT, Visentainer JV, Maldaner L. An improved analytical strategy based on the QuEChERS method for piceatannol analysis in seeds of Passiflora species. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2022.2057533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Liane Maldaner
- Chemistry Department, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá-PR, Brazil
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Correlations between Total Antioxidant Capacity, Polyphenol and Fatty Acid Content of Native Grape Seed and Pomace of Four Different Grape Varieties in Hungary. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071101. [PMID: 34356334 PMCID: PMC8300998 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape pomace is a valuable source of various bioactive compounds such as plant-derived polyphenols and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The commercial demand of grape skin and seed powders as nutraceuticals is still growing. However, no distinction is currently made between unfermented native grape seed and grape seed pomace powders regarding their antioxidant activities. Our aim was to find the relationship between the polyphenol and fatty acid content as well as the antioxidant capacity of native and fermented grape seeds of four different grape varieties harvested in the Villány wine region. According to our results, none of the three investigated polyphenols (resveratrol, rutin, quercetin) could be detected in native grape seed samples in correlation with their significantly lower total antioxidant capacities compared to fermented seed samples. Pinot Noir (PN) grape seed pomace samples with the highest resveratrol and oil content showed significantly higher total antioxidant capacity than Cabernet Sauvignon (CS), Syrah (S) and Blue Portugal (BP) samples. Based on the statistical analysis, positive correlation was found between the fatty acid content and the resveratrol concentration in the pomace samples of different grape varieties. In contrast, rutin concentrations were negatively proportional to the fatty acid content of the fermented samples. No significant correlation was found considering the quercetin content of the samples. According to our findings, grape pomace seems a more promising source in the production of nutraceuticals, since it contains polyphenols in higher concentration and exerts significantly higher antioxidant activity than native grape seeds.
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Eid BG, Abdel-Naim AB. Piceatannol Attenuates Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats by Modulation of Nrf2/HO-1/NFκB Axis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:614897. [PMID: 33519479 PMCID: PMC7845651 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.614897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a serious illness affecting middle-aged and elderly male patients. It is a complication of several diseases including metabolic syndrome. BPH has been associated with inflammation and increased oxidative stress in prostatic tissues. Piceatannol (PIC) is an active natural polyhydroxylated stilbene found in many plants. It has profound anti-inflammatory as well as antioxidant activities. However, it suffers relatively poor pharmacokinetic properties. Nanoformulation is an acknowledged approach to improve PIC bioavailability. The goal was to evaluate the ability of PIC in preventing testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats. PIC was prepared in a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS). Animals were placed into seven groups: 1) control (vehicle), 2) PIC SNEDDS (20 mg/kg), 3) testosterone (3 mg/kg), 4) testosterone + PIC SNEDDS (5 mg/kg), 5) testosterone + PIC (10 mg/kg), 6) testosterone + PIC SNEDDS (20 mg/kg) and 7) testosterone + finasteride (5 mg/kg). Testosterone was injected SC while PIC SNEDDS and finasteride were given orally. All treatments were given once daily, 5 days/week for four consecutive weeks. PIC administration ameliorated increased prostate weights and indices in addition to histopathological alterations. Further it inhibited accumulation of lipid peroxidation, depletion of glutathione (GSH) and exhaustion of catalase (CAT). PIC SNEDDS exhibited anti-proliferative activities as demonstrated by the inhibition of cyclin D1 protein expression and Bcl2 mRNA expression in addition to enhancement of Bax mRNA expression and caspase-3 content. Immunohistochemically, PIC SNEDDS protected against the testosterone-induced increased expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and also offered protection against the decline in Nrf2 expression. Further, a significant enhancement of Nfe212 and Homx1 mRNA expression was detected in PIC SNEDDS-treated animals in comparison to the testosterone group. Conclusively, PIC prepared in SNEDDS protects against experimentally induced BPH via modulation of, at least partly, Nrf2/HO-1/NFκB axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma G Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf B Abdel-Naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Health Effects of Grape Seed and Skin Extracts and Their Influence on Biochemical Markers. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225311. [PMID: 33202575 PMCID: PMC7696942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is focused on the study of the effects of grape seed and skin extract (GSSE) on human health. GSSE contains high concentrations of important polyphenolic substances with high biological activity. This review is a summary of studies that investigate the effects of GSSE on diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and cancer, its neuroprotective effect, and its effects on the gastrointestinal tract and other health complications related to these diseases. The results of the studies confirm that the anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and pro-proliferative effects of “Vitis vinifera L.” seed extract reduce the level of oxidative stress and improve the overall lipid metabolism.
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