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Guo J, Liu S, Guo Y, Bai L, Ho CT, Bai N. Chemical characterization, multivariate analysis and comparison of biological activities of different parts of Fraxinus mandshurica. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5861. [PMID: 38501361 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Fraxinus mandshurica (Oleaceae) is used as a traditional medicinal plant for the treatment of red eyes, menstrual disorders, excessive leucorrhea, chronic bronchitis and psoriasis. To perform chemical characterization of the secondary metabolites of F. mandshurica roots, bark, stems and leaves, 32 samples were collected from eight provinces in this study. A total of 64 chemical components were detected from four different parts of F. mandshurica by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Meanwhile, a total of nine secoiridoids were obtained by natural product chemical extraction, isolation and identification methods. Quantitative analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry showed the highest total content of secoiridoids in the bark, which is also consistent with the traditional medicinal parts. The results of methodological validation showed that the correlation coefficient (R2) values were all >0.9993, indicating a good linear range of the standard curve, while the relative standard deviations of precision, reproducibility and stability were <3%, and the spiked recoveries ranged from 98.22 to 102.27%, indicating that the experimental method was reliable and stable. In addition, fingerprinting and a heatmap were established to demonstrate the content trends of F. mandshurica more visually from different origins. Multivariate analysis, including principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis, was performed to determine the chemical characteristics of different parts of F. mandshurica, and six characteristic secoiridoids that could be used to distinguish different origins were screened. Finally, the inhibition of tyrosinase, α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase and pancreatic lipase activities by the nine characteristic compounds and extracts from different parts were investigated, and the results showed that they all exhibited different degrees of enzyme activity inhibition and thus have potential applications in whitening and blemish removal, hypoglycemia, anti-Alzheimer's disease and anti-obesity as a new source of natural enzyme activity inhibitors. This study establishes an identification and evaluation method applicable to phytochemistry of different origins, which is a guideline for quality control, origin evaluation and clinical application of traditional medicinal plants. This is also an unprecedented study on the identification of the chemical composition of different parts of F. mandshurica, characteristic compounds and the inhibition of enzyme activity of extracts from different parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjin Guo
- College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shaojing Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Bai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Naisheng Bai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Guo J, Gao J, Guo Y, Bai L, Ho CT, Bai N. Characterization, multivariate analysis and bioactivity evaluation of coumarins in the bark of Fraxinus mandshurica. Fitoterapia 2024; 174:105865. [PMID: 38382892 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The bark of Fraxinus mandshurica is a traditional folk herb used to clear heat and dry dampness. To investigate the differences in coumarins content in the bark of F. mandshurica, 24 batches of samples from four origins were collected and analyzed. Eight coumarins were obtained by traditional natural product extraction, isolation and identification techniques and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array (HPLC-DAD). The quantitative results showed that the overall content of compound 30 (Fraxinol) was higher at 100.23 mg/g, while the overall content of compound 23 (Cichoriin) was lower, which may be related to environmental factors in different regions. The method validation showed that the linear range of the eight standards was between 10 and 2500 μg/mL with correlation coefficient (R2) values >0.9991; the relative standard deviation (RSD, %) values of intra-day precision were between 0.35 and 1.38, while the RSD values of inter-day precision were between 0. 29-1.78; the RSD (%) values for the reproducibility experiments ranged from 0.29 to 1.87, while the RSD (%) values for the stability experiments ranged from 0.22 to 2.33; the spiked recovery of the samples ranged from 98.65 to 101.34%, and the RSD (%) values ranged from 0.22 to 1.96. The method validation results showed that the instrument used for the analysis had good precision, the reproducibility and stability of the samples were good, and the accuracy of the experimental method was high. In addition, a total of 54 chemical components were identified from F. mandshurica bark by ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). Based on this, fingerprinting, heatmap and multivariate analysis, including principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), were established for 24 batches of samples, and four marker compounds that could be used to distinguish different origins of F. mandshurica were screened. To further investigate the bioactivities of the eight coumarins, in vitro enzyme activity inhibition studies were performed, and the results showed that they all exhibited different degrees of inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, tyrosinase and α-glucosidase, thus having potential applications in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, blemish whitening and anti-diabetes, and becoming a new source of natural enzyme activity inhibitors. This study established an identification and evaluation method applicable to plants of different origins, which provides a strong reference for quality control, origin evaluation and clinical application of traditional medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjin Guo
- College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Jing Gao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yan Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Lu Bai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Naisheng Bai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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Rocha S, Rufino AT, Freitas M, Silva AMS, Carvalho F, Fernandes E. Methodologies for Assessing Pancreatic Lipase Catalytic Activity: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-28. [PMID: 37335098 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2221731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a disease of epidemic proportions with a concerning increasing trend. Regarded as one of the main sources of energy, lipids can also represent a big part of an unnecessary intake of calories and be, therefore, directly related to the problem of obesity. Pancreatic lipase is an enzyme that is essential in the absorption and digestion of dietary fats and has been explored as an alternative for the reduction of fat absorption and consequent weigh loss.Literature describes a great variability of methodologies and experimental conditions used in research to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory activity of compounds against pancreatic lipase. However, in an attempt to choose the best approach, it is necessary to know all the reaction conditions and understand how these can affect the enzymatic assay.The objective of this review is to understand and summarize the methodologies and respective experimental conditions that are mainly used to evaluate pancreatic lipase catalytic activity.156 studies were included in this work and a detailed description of the most commonly used UV/Vis spectrophotometric and fluorimetric instrumental techniques are presented, including a discussion regarding the differences found in the parameters used in both techniques, namely enzyme, substrate, buffer solutions, kinetics conditions, temperature and pH.This works shows that both UV/Vis spectrophotometry and fluorimetry are useful instrumental techniques for the evaluation of pancreatic lipase catalytic activity, presenting several advantages and limitations, which make the choice of parameters and experimental conditions a crucial decision to obtain the most reliable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Rocha
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana T Rufino
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Artur M S Silva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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van der Vossen EWJ, Davids M, Bresser LRF, Galenkamp H, van den Born BJH, Zwinderman AH, Levin E, Nieuwdorp M, de Goffau MC. Gut microbiome transitions across generations in different ethnicities in an urban setting-the HELIUS study. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:99. [PMID: 37158898 PMCID: PMC10165778 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01488-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the course of history, various important lifestyle changes have caused profound transitions of the gut microbiome. These include the introduction of agriculture and animal husbandry, a shift from a nomadic to a more sedentary lifestyle, and recently increased levels of urbanization and a transition towards a more Western lifestyle. The latter is linked with shifts in the gut microbiome that have a reduced fermentative capability and which are commonly associated with diseases of affluence. In this study, in which 5193 subjects are included, we investigated the direction of microbiome shifts that occur in various ethnicities living in Amsterdam by comparing 1st and 2nd generation participants. We furthermore validated part of these findings with a cohort of subjects that moved from rural Thailand to the USA. RESULTS The abundance of the Prevotella cluster, which includes P. copri and the P. stercorea trophic network, diminished in the 2nd generation Moroccans and Turks but also in younger Dutch, whilst the Western-associated Bacteroides/Blautia/Bifidobacterium (BBB) cluster, which has an inverse correlation with α-diversity, increased. At the same time, the Christensenellaceae/Methanobrevibacter/Oscillibacter trophic network, which is positively associated with α-diversity and a healthy BMI, decreased in younger Turks and Dutch. Large compositional shifts were not observed in South-Asian and African Surinamese, in whom the BBB cluster is already dominant in the 1st generation, but ASV-level shifts towards certain species, associated amongst others with obesity, were observed. CONCLUSION The Moroccan and Turkish populations, but also the Dutch population are transitioning towards a less complex and fermentative less capable configuration of the gut microbiota, which includes a higher abundance of the Western-associated BBB cluster. The Surinamese, whom have the highest prevalence of diabetes and other diseases of affluence, are already dominated by the BBB cluster. Given the continuous increase in diseases of affluence, this devolution towards low-diversity and fermentatively less capable gut microbiome compositions in urban environments is a worrying development. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard W J van der Vossen
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Davids
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas R F Bresser
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Horaizon BV, Marshalllaan 2, 2625 GZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Henrike Galenkamp
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bert-Jan H van den Born
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aeilko H Zwinderman
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evgeni Levin
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Horaizon BV, Marshalllaan 2, 2625 GZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marcus C de Goffau
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
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de Moura e Dias M, da Silva Duarte V, Mota LFM, de Cássia Ávila Alpino G, dos Reis Louzano SA, da Conceição LL, Mantovanie HC, Pereira SS, Oliveira LL, de Oliveira Mendes TA, Porcellato D, do Carmo Gouveia Peluzio M. Lactobacillus gasseri LG-G12 Restores Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Health in Obesity Mice on Ceftriaxone Therapy. Foods 2023; 12:foods12051092. [PMID: 36900609 PMCID: PMC10001121 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota imbalance is associated with the occurrence of metabolic diseases such as obesity. Thus, its modulation is a promising strategy to restore gut microbiota and improve intestinal health in the obese. This paper examines the role of probiotics, antimicrobials, and diet in modulating gut microbiota and improving intestinal health. Accordingly, obesity was induced in C57BL/6J mice, after which they were redistributed and fed with an obesogenic diet (intervention A) or standard AIN-93 diet (intervention B). Concomitantly, all the groups underwent a treatment phase with Lactobacillus gasseri LG-G12, ceftriaxone, or ceftriaxone followed by L. gasseri LG-G12. At the end of the experimental period, the following analysis was conducted: metataxonomic analysis, functional profiling of gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, and caecal concentration of short-chain fatty acids. High-fat diet impaired bacterial diversity/richness, which was counteracted in association with L. gasseri LG-G12 and the AIN-93 diet. Additionally, SCFA-producing bacteria were negatively correlated with high intestinal permeability parameters, which was further confirmed via functional profile prediction of the gut microbiota. A novel perspective on anti-obesity probiotics is presented by these findings based on the improvement of intestinal health irrespective of undergoing antimicrobial therapy or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana de Moura e Dias
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Avenida P. H. Rolfs, Campus Universitário S/N, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vinícius da Silva Duarte
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
- Correspondence:
| | - Lúcio Flávio Macedo Mota
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università, 16, 35020 Padua, Italy
| | - Gabriela de Cássia Ávila Alpino
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Avenida P. H. Rolfs, Campus Universitário S/N, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sandra Aparecida dos Reis Louzano
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Avenida P. H. Rolfs, Campus Universitário S/N, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Lopes da Conceição
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Avenida P. H. Rolfs, Campus Universitário S/N, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hilário Cuquetto Mantovanie
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Avenida P. H. Rolfs, Campus Universitário S/N, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Solange Silveira Pereira
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Avenida P. H. Rolfs, Campus Universitário S/N, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leandro Licursi Oliveira
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Avenida P. H. Rolfs, Campus Universitário S/N, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tiago Antônio de Oliveira Mendes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Avenida P. H. Rolfs, Campus Universitário S/N, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Davide Porcellato
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Maria do Carmo Gouveia Peluzio
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Avenida P. H. Rolfs, Campus Universitário S/N, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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The Oleoside-type Secoiridoid Glycosides: Potential Secoiridoids with Multiple Pharmacological Activities. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Cheng X, Tan Y, Li H, Huang J, Zhao D, Zhang Z, Yi M, Zhu L, Hui S, Yang J, Peng W. Fecal 16S rRNA sequencing and multi-compartment metabolomics revealed gut microbiota and metabolites interactions in APP/PS1 mice. Comput Biol Med 2022; 151:106312. [PMID: 36417828 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is a significant public health issue. Recent studies have shown that the gut microbiota plays a vital role in the onset and development of Alzheimer's disease. However, the potential role of the gut microbiota and the associated metabolic characteristics require further elucidation. METHODS The gut microbial compositions of APP/PS1 mice were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Metabolomics was used to characterize changes in metabolic profiles in feces, serum, and cortex. A multi-omics approach investigated the potential associations between gut microbes and metabolites. RESULTS The gut microbiota composition was markedly different between APP/PS1 mice and normal mice. Metabolomic analysis identified 253 fecal metabolites, 16 serum metabolites, and 123 cortical metabolites that were differentially abundant in APP/PS1 that may be potential biomarkers of AD. Nearly half of these metabolites were lipids. A combined analysis of the three sample types showed a correlation between fecal fatty acids and glycerolipids, serum glycerophospholipids, and cortical fatty acids. Furthermore, our study showed that Marinifilaceae and Akkermansiaceae were closely related to these lipids and lipid-like molecules, particularly fatty acids and glycerophospholipids. CONCLUSION Our study highlighted the interactions between the gut microbiome and the fecal, serum, and cortical metabolomes. This interaction provides a new direction for further exploring the link between gut microbiota composition and metabolism in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cheng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yejun Tan
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, 55455, MN, USA
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zheyu Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Min Yi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Lemei Zhu
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China
| | - Shan Hui
- Department of Geratology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Changsha, 410011, China.
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Guzzardi MA, Collado MC, Panetta D, Tripodi M, Iozzo P. Maternal High-Fat Diet Programs White and Brown Adipose Tissues In Vivo in Mice, with Different Metabolic and Microbiota Patterns in Obesity-Susceptible or Obesity-Resistant Offspring. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090828. [PMID: 36144232 PMCID: PMC9503350 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity causes metabolic dysfunction in the offspring, including dysbiosis, overeating, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Early-life phases are fundamental for developing subcutaneous (SAT) and brown adipose tissues (BAT), handling energy excesses. Imaging of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose by positron emission tomography (PET) and radiodensity by computerized tomography (CT) allows assessing adipose tissue (AT) whitening and browning in vivo and the underlying metabolic efficiency. Our aim was to examine these in vivo traits in SAT and BAT concerning gut microbiota composition in 1- and 6-month-old mice born to normal (NDoff) and high-fat diet-fed dams (HFDoff), accounting for body weight responses. We found low radiodensity (high lipids) in HFDoff SAT at 1 month, relating to an increased abundance of Dorea genus in the caecum and activation of the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway. Instead, low BAT radiodensity and glucose uptake were seen in adult HFDoff. Glucose was shifted in favor of BAT at 1 month and SAT at 6 months. In adults, unclassified Enterococcaceae and Rikenellaceae, and Bacillus genera were negatively related to BAT, whereas unclassified Clostridiales genera were related to SAT metabolism. Stratification of HFDoff based on weight-response, namely maternal induced obesity (MIO-HFDoff) or obesity-resistant (MIOR-HFDoff), showed sex dimorphism. Both subgroups were hyperphagic, but only obese mice had hyper-leptinemia and hyper-resistinemia, together with BAT dysfunction, whereas non-obese HFDoff had hyperglycemia and SAT hypermetabolism. In the caecum, unclassified Rikenellaceae (10-fold enrichment in MIO-HFDoff) and Clostridiales genera (4-fold deficiency in MIOR-HFDoff) were important discriminators of these two phenotypes. In conclusion, SAT whitening is an early abnormality in the offspring of HFD dams. In adult life, maternal HFD and the induced excessive food intake translates into a dimorphic phenotype involving SAT, BAT, and microbiota distinctively, reflecting maternal diet*sex interaction. This helps explain inter-individual variability in fetal programming and the higher rates of type 2 diabetes observed in adult women born to obese mothers, supporting personalized risk assessment, prevention, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angela Guzzardi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniele Panetta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Tripodi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Patricia Iozzo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-3152789
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Yogurt-derived Lactobacillus plantarum Q16 alleviated high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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10
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Zhang Y, Gu Y, Jiang J, Cui X, Cheng S, Liu L, Huang Z, Liao R, Zhao P, Yu J, Wang J, Jia Y, Jin W, Zhou F. Stigmasterol attenuates hepatic steatosis in rats by strengthening the intestinal barrier and improving bile acid metabolism. NPJ Sci Food 2022; 6:38. [PMID: 36030278 PMCID: PMC9420112 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-022-00156-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stigmasterol (ST) has been shown to improve both lipid and bile acid (BA) metabolism. However, the mechanism(s) by which ST prevents dyslipidemia via BA metabolism, and the potential involvement of other regulatory mechanisms, remains unclear. Here, we found that ST treatment effectively alleviates lipid metabolism disorder induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Moreover, we also show that fecal microbiota transplantation from ST-treated rats displays similar protective effects in rats fed on an HFD. Our data confirm that the gut microbiota plays a key role in attenuating HFD-induced fat deposition and metabolic disorders. In particular, ST reverses HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis in rats by reducing the relative abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae and Allobaculum bacteria in the gut. In addition, ST treatment also modifies the serum and fecal BA metabolome profiles in rats, especially in CYP7A1 mediated BA metabolic pathways. Furthermore, chenodeoxycholic acid combined with ST improves the therapeutic effects in HFD-induced dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis. In addition, this treatment strategy also alters BA metabolism profiles via the CYP7A1 pathway and gut microbiota. Taken together, ST exerts beneficial effects against HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and obesity with the underlying mechanism being partially related to both the reprogramming of the intestinal microbiota and metabolism of BAs in enterohepatic circulation. This study provides a theoretical basis for further study of the anti-obesity effects of ST and consideration of the gut microbiota as a potential target for the treatment of HFD-induced dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Zhang
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.,Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510315, China
| | - Yuyan Gu
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Xiaobing Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510315, China
| | - Saibo Cheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Linling Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zhiyong Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Rongxin Liao
- Center of TCM Preventive Treatment, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510315, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Center of TCM Preventive Treatment, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510315, China
| | - Jieying Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yuhua Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
| | - Wen Jin
- Department of Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Cardiovascular Hospital, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510317, China.
| | - Fenghua Zhou
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510315, China. .,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
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11
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Zhang Z, Mwizerwa Muhindo E, Wang S, Yun L, Zhang M. Structural characteristics and immunostimulatory activity of sea cucumber tendon polysaccharides in cyclophosphamide-induced Balb/c mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:8627-8642. [PMID: 35894650 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00942k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sea cucumber tendon, one of the main parts of sea cucumber viscera, is widely accepted as a waste residue. In this study, a sea cucumber tendon polysaccharide (SCTPII) was purified from sea cucumber tendons and its primary structures and immunomodulatory activity were investigated. SCTPII is a triple-helix conformation homogeneous polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 3.97 × 106 Da that consists of glucose and fucose with molar ratios of 92.09% and 7.91% with high thermostability. In vivo tests on immunosuppressed Balb/c mice revealed that compared with the model group, the proliferation of T cells and B cells in splenic lymphocytes of mice in the high-dose group was significantly improved by 0.92 times and 5.14 times, respectively. Additionally, SCTPII could improve the proliferation ability and phagocytosis of macrophages, as well as promoting the expression of IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ and enhancing the intestinal physical barrier function by increasing the protein expression of claudin-1, occludin, ZO-1 and MUC2. Furthermore, the 16S rRNA sequencing of fecal samples was performed, and gene count and α-diversity analysis revealed that SCTPs could improve the microbial community richness. In particular, SCTPs could increase the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Bacteroides and Akkermansia and reduce the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group. These results demonstrate that SCPII possesses potential immunoregulatory activities in cyclophosphamide-induced mice by regulating intestinal microbiota diversity and improving immune organs, enhancing the proliferation ability of macrophages and splenocyte proliferation, and enhancing intestinal physical barrier function, which might provide important evidence for the development and utilization of the viscera of sea cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuchi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Esther Mwizerwa Muhindo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Songjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Liyuan Yun
- China-Russia Agricultural Processing Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, PR China.
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China. .,China-Russia Agricultural Processing Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, PR China.
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12
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Yang J, Zhou T, Huang L, Chen B, Jiang Y. Anti-obesity effect of Auricularia heimuer fruiting body alcohol extraction on obese mice and crucial metabolite pathway analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e14002. [PMID: 34850407 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the increasing obese and overweight population has become a worldwide public health problem, as there is no effective medication to control obesity. Auricularia heimuer is rich in active substances that have potential biologically active functions. The anti-obesity effect and mechanism of Auricularia heimuer fruiting body alcohol extraction (AHA, 150-600 mg/kg·bw) was investigated in obese mice by assessing changes in endogenous liver metabolites using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry approach. The aim of this study was to identify an effective food to control human obesity. AHA of 600 mg/kg·bw (HC) significantly decreased body weight and improved serum biochemistry indices. Sixty-eight liver metabolites were identified and significantly separated among the normal, high-fat diet (HFD), and HC groups. Moreover, the metabolic analysis revealed that HC significantly regulated specific metabolites in mice including amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrate compounds. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that HC was significantly involved in different metabolite pathways including arachidonic acid metabolism, galactose metabolism, carbohydrate digestion and absorption, linoleic acid metabolism, and starch and sucrose metabolism. Eight weeks after supplementing with HC, major metabolites in related pathways that were disrupted by an HFD were restored to normal levels, suggesting that HC had anti-obesity activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- College of Food Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tianfeng Zhou
- College of Food Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Linxiang Huang
- College of Food Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bingzhi Chen
- College of Food Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuji Jiang
- College of Food Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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13
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Spitzer SO, Tkacz A, Savignac HM, Cooper M, Giallourou N, Mann EO, Bannerman DM, Swann JR, Anthony DC, Poole PS, Burnet PW. Postnatal prebiotic supplementation in rats affects adult anxious behaviour, hippocampus, electrophysiology, metabolomics, and gut microbiota. iScience 2021; 24:103113. [PMID: 34611610 PMCID: PMC8476651 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown previously that prebiotic (Bimuno galacto-oligosacharides, B-GOS®) administration to neonatal rats increased hippocampal NMDAR proteins. The present study has investigated the effects of postnatal B-GOS® supplementation on hippocampus-dependent behavior in young, adolescent, and adult rats and applied electrophysiological, metabolomic and metagenomic analyses to explore potential underlying mechanisms. The administration of B-GOS® to suckling, but not post-weaned, rats reduced anxious behavior until adulthood. Neonatal prebiotic intake also reduced the fast decay component of hippocampal NMDAR currents, altered age-specific trajectories of the brain, intestinal, and liver metabolomes, and reduced abundance of fecal Enterococcus and Dorea bacteria. Our data are the first to show that prebiotic administration to rats during a specific postnatal period has long-term effects on behavior and hippocampal physiology. The study also suggests that early-life prebiotic intake may affect host brain function through the reduction of stress-related gut bacteria rather than increasing the proliferation of beneficial microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia O. Spitzer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Lane, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Andrzej Tkacz
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Helene M. Savignac
- Quadram Institute, Rosalind Franklin Road, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Matthew Cooper
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
- Oxford Ion Channel Initiative, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Natasa Giallourou
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Edward O. Mann
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
- Oxford Ion Channel Initiative, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - David M. Bannerman
- Oxford Ion Channel Initiative, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Jonathan R. Swann
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Daniel C. Anthony
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Philip S. Poole
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Philip W.J. Burnet
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Lane, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
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14
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Wang Y, Zhou Y, Fu J. Advances in antiobesity mechanisms of capsaicin. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 61:1-5. [PMID: 34537583 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic that affects the lives and health of millions of people. The prevention and treatment of obesity have become a significant public health challenge worldwide. Numerous studies showed that the gut microbiota is associated with the development of obesity, and the regulatory mechanisms mediating the relationship between gut microbiota and obesity have become an intense research area. Capsaicin is a vanilla amide alkaloid that is an active ingredient in pepper. Much research demonstrated the antiobesity activity of capsaicin. This article reviews recent research on the antiobesity mechanisms of capsaicin involving alterations of the gut microbial composition, reduction of intestinal permeability, and regulation of the microbiome-gut-brain axis. This summary will establish a basis for further developing capsaicin as an ingredient in medications and health products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwei Wang
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Yahan Zhou
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Jia Fu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, PR China.
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15
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Wang X, Zhang Z, Wang X, Bao Q, Wang R, Duan Z. The Impact of Host Genotype, Intestinal Sites and Probiotics Supplementation on the Gut Microbiota Composition and Diversity in Sheep. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080769. [PMID: 34440001 PMCID: PMC8389637 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Three sampling strategies with a 16s rRNA high-throughput sequencing and gene expression assay (by RT-PCR) were designed, to better understand the host and probiotics effect on gut microbiota in sheep. Sampling: (1) colon contents and back-fat tissues from small-tailed Han sheep (SHS), big-tailed Hulun Buir sheep (BHBS), and short-tailed Steppe sheep (SHBS) (n = 12, 14, 12); (2) jejunum, cecum and colon contents, and feces from Tan sheep (TS, n = 6); (3) feces from TS at 4 time points (nonfeeding, 30 and 60 feeding days, and stop feeding 30 days) with probiotics supplementation (n = 7). The results indicated SHS had the highest Firmicutes abundance, the thinnest back-fat, and the lowest expression of C/EBPβ, C/EBPδ, ATGL, CFD, and SREBP1. Some bacteria orders and families could be potential biomarkers for sheep breeds with a distinct distribution of bacterial abundance, implying the host genotype is predominant in shaping unique microbiota under a shared environment. The microbiota diversity and Bifidobacterial populations significantly changed after 60 days of feeding but restored to its initial state, with mostly colonies, after 30 days ceased. The microbiota composition was greatly different between the small and large intestines, but somewhat different between the large intestine and feces; feces may be reliable for studying large intestinal microbiota in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Wang
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China;
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (Z.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.B.)
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (Z.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.B.)
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (Z.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.B.)
| | - Qi Bao
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (Z.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.B.)
| | - Rujing Wang
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China;
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Correspondence: (R.W.); (Z.D.); Tel.: +86-551-6559-2968 (R.W.); +86-10-6480-3631 (Z.D.)
| | - Ziyuan Duan
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (Z.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.B.)
- Correspondence: (R.W.); (Z.D.); Tel.: +86-551-6559-2968 (R.W.); +86-10-6480-3631 (Z.D.)
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