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Rivas F, Del Mármol C, Scalese G, Pérez Díaz L, Machado I, Blacque O, Salazar F, Coitiño EL, Benítez D, Medeiros A, Comini M, Gambino D. Multifunctional Organometallic Compounds Active against Infective Trypanosomes: Ru(II) Ferrocenyl Derivatives with Two Different Bioactive Ligands. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:11667-11687. [PMID: 38860314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT, sleeping sickness) and American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) are endemic zoonotic diseases caused by genomically related trypanosomatid protozoan parasites (Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi, respectively). Just a few old drugs are available for their treatment, with most of them sharing poor safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetic profiles. Only fexinidazole has been recently incorporated into the arsenal for the treatment of HAT. In this work, new multifunctional Ru(II) ferrocenyl compounds were rationally designed as potential agents against these pathogens by including in a single molecule 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf) and two bioactive bidentate ligands: pyridine-2-thiolato-1-oxide ligand (mpo) and polypyridyl ligands (NN). Three [Ru(mpo)(dppf)(NN)](PF6) compounds and their derivatives with chloride as a counterion were synthesized and fully characterized in solid state and solution. They showed in vitro activity on bloodstream T. brucei (EC50 = 31-160 nM) and on T. cruzi trypomastigotes (EC50 = 190-410 nM). Compounds showed the lowest EC50 values on T. brucei when compared to the whole set of metal-based compounds previously developed by us. In addition, several of the Ru compounds showed good selectivity toward the parasites, particularly against the highly proliferative bloodstream form of T. brucei. Interaction with DNA and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were ruled out as potential targets and modes of action of the Ru compounds. Biochemical assays and in silico analysis led to the insight that they are able to inhibit the NADH-dependent fumarate reductase from T. cruzi. One representative hit induced a mild oxidation of low molecular weight thiols in T. brucei. The compounds were stable for at least 72 h in two different media and more lipophilic than both bioactive ligands, mpo and NN. An initial assessment of the therapeutic efficacy of one of the most potent and selective candidates, [Ru(mpo)(dppf)(bipy)]Cl, was performed using a murine infection model of acute African trypanosomiasis. This hit compound lacks acute toxicity when applied to animals in the dose/regimen described, but was unable to control parasite proliferation in vivo, probably because of its rapid clearance or low biodistribution in the extracellular fluids. Future studies should investigate the pharmacokinetics of this compound in vivo and involve further research to gain deeper insight into the mechanism of action of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feriannys Rivas
- Área Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carolina Del Mármol
- Área Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gonzalo Scalese
- Área Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leticia Pérez Díaz
- Sección Genómica Funcional, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ignacio Machado
- Área Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, CH 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabiana Salazar
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica y Computacional (LQTC), Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CeInBio), Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - E Laura Coitiño
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica y Computacional (LQTC), Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CeInBio), Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Diego Benítez
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrea Medeiros
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marcelo Comini
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Dinorah Gambino
- Área Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
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Ballesteros-Casallas A, Quiroga C, Ortiz C, Benítez D, Denis PA, Figueroa D, Salas CO, Bertrand J, Tapia RA, Sánchez P, Miscione GP, Comini MA, Paulino M. Mode of action of p-quinone derivatives with trypanocidal activity studied by experimental and in silico models. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:114926. [PMID: 36508970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Quinones are attractive pharmacological scaffolds for developing new agents for the treatment of different transmissible and non-transmissible human diseases due to their capacity to alter the cell redox homeostasis. The bioactivity and potential mode of action of 19 p-quinone derivatives fused to different aromatic rings (carbo or heterocycles) and harboring distinct substituents were investigated in infective Trypanosoma brucei brucei. All the compounds, except for a furanequinone (EC50=38 μM), proved to be similarly or even more potent (EC50 = 0.5-5.5 μM) than the clinical drug nifurtimox (EC50 = 5.3 μM). Three furanequinones and one thiazolequinone displayed a higher selectivity than nifurtimox. Two of these selective hits resulted potent inhibitors of T. cruzi proliferation (EC50=0.8-1.1 μM) but proved inactive against Leishmania infantum amastigotes. Most of the p-quinones induced a rapid and marked intracellular oxidation in T. b. brucei. DFT calculations on the oxidized quinone (Q), semiquinone (Q•-) and hydroquinone (QH2) suggest that all quinones have negative ΔG for the formation of Q•-. Qualitative and quantitative structure-activity relationship analyses in two or three dimensions of different electronic and biophysical descriptors of quinones and their corresponding bioactivities (killing potency and oxidative capacity) were performed. Charge distribution over the quinone ring carbons of Q and Q.- and the frontier orbitals energies of SUMO (Q.-) and LUMO (Q) correlate with their oxidative and trypanocidal activity. QSAR analysis also highlighted that both bromine substitution in the p-quinone ring and a bulky phenyl group attached to the furane and thiazole rings (which generates a negative charge due to the π electron system polarized by the nearby heteroatoms) are favorable for activity. By combining experimental and in silico procedures, this study disclosed important information about p-quinones that may help to rationally tune their electronic properties and biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Ballesteros-Casallas
- COBO, Computational Bio-Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 18A-12, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia; Bioinformatics Center, DETEMA Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo, 11600, Uruguay
| | - Cristina Quiroga
- Laboratory Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Ortiz
- Laboratory Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay
| | - Diego Benítez
- Laboratory Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay
| | - Pablo A Denis
- Computational Nanotechnology, DETEMA Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo, 11600, Uruguay
| | - David Figueroa
- COBO, Computational Bio-Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 18A-12, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia
| | - Cristian O Salas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, 6094411, Chile
| | - Jeanluc Bertrand
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, 6094411, Chile
| | - Ricardo A Tapia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, 6094411, Chile
| | - Patricio Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, 6094411, Chile
| | - Gian Pietro Miscione
- COBO, Computational Bio-Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 18A-12, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia.
| | - Marcelo A Comini
- Laboratory Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay.
| | - Margot Paulino
- Bioinformatics Center, DETEMA Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo, 11600, Uruguay.
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Crystal structure of Leishmania donovani glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase reveals a unique N-terminal domain. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1353. [PMID: 36494598 PMCID: PMC9734377 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04307-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since unicellular parasites highly depend on NADPH as a source for reducing equivalents, the pentose phosphate pathway, especially the first and rate-limiting NADPH-producing enzyme glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), is considered an excellent antitrypanosomatid drug target. Here we present the crystal structure of Leishmania donovani G6PD (LdG6PD) elucidating the unique N-terminal domain of Kinetoplastida G6PDs. Our investigations on the function of the N-domain suggest its involvement in the formation of a tetramer that is completely different from related Trypanosoma G6PDs. Structural and functional investigations further provide interesting insights into the binding mode of LdG6PD, following an ordered mechanism, which is confirmed by a G6P-induced domain shift and rotation of the helical N-domain. Taken together, these insights into LdG6PD contribute to the understanding of G6PDs' molecular mechanisms and provide an excellent basis for further drug discovery approaches.
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Rivas F, Del Mármol C, Scalese G, Pérez-Díaz L, Machado I, Blacque O, Medeiros A, Comini M, Gambino D. New multifunctional Ru(II) organometallic compounds show activity against Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania infantum. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 237:112016. [PMID: 36244312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) and leishmaniasis are prevalent zoonotic diseases caused by genomically related trypanosomatid protozoan parasites (Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania spp). Additionally, both are co-endemic in certain regions of the world. Only a small number of old drugs exist for their treatment, with most of them sharing poor safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetic profiles. In this work, new multifunctional Ru(II) ferrocenyl compounds were rationally designed as potential agents against these trypanosomatid parasites by including in a single molecule 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf) and two bioactive bidentate ligands: 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives (8HQs) and polypyridyl ligands (NN). Three [Ru(8HQs)(dppf)(NN)](PF6) compounds were synthesized and fully characterized. They showed in vitro activity on bloodstream Trypanosoma brucei (IC50 140-310 nM) and on Leishmania infantum promastigotes (IC50 3.0-4.8 μM). The compounds showed good selectivity towards T. brucei in respect to J774 murine macrophages as mammalian cell model (SI 15-38). Changing hexafluorophosphate counterion by chloride led to a three-fold increase in activity on both parasites and to a two to three-fold increase in selectivity towards the pathogens. The compounds affect in vitro at least the targets of the individual bioactive moieties included in the new chemical entities: DNA and generation of ROS. The compounds are stable in solution and are more lipophilic than the free bioactive ligands. No clear correlation between lipophilicity, interaction with DNA or generation of ROS and activity was detected, which agrees with their overall similar anti-trypanosoma potency and selectivity. These compounds are promising candidates for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feriannys Rivas
- Área Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Programa de Posgrado en Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carolina Del Mármol
- Área Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gonzalo Scalese
- Área Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leticia Pérez-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ignacio Machado
- Área Química Analítica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Medeiros
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay; Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marcelo Comini
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Dinorah Gambino
- Área Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Barreiro-Costa O, Quiroga Lozano C, Muñoz E, Rojas-Silva P, Medeiros A, Comini MA, Heredia-Moya J. Evaluation of the Anti- Leishmania mexicana and - Trypanosoma brucei Activity and Mode of Action of 4,4'-(Arylmethylene)bis(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1 H-pyrazol-5-ol). Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081913. [PMID: 36009460 PMCID: PMC9405596 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis are neglected infections caused by trypanosomatid parasites. The first-line treatments have many adverse effects, high costs, and are prone to resistance development, hence the necessity for new chemotherapeutic options. In line with this, twenty five 4,4′-(arylmethylene)bis(1H-pyrazol-5-ols) derivatives were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their anti-trypanosomatid activity. Ten and five compounds from this series showed IC50 ≤ 10 µM against the promastigote and the bloodstream stage of Leishmania mexicana and Trypanosoma brucei brucei, respectively. Overall, derivatives with pyrazole rings substituted with electron-withdrawing groups proved more active than those with electron-donating groups. The hits proved moderately selective towards L. mexicana and T. brucei (selectivity index, SI, compared to murine macrophages = 5−26). The exception was one derivative displaying an SI (>111−189) against T. brucei that surpassed, by >6-fold, the selectivity of the clinical drug nifurtimox (SI = 13−28.5). Despite sharing a common scaffold, the hits differed in their mechanism of action, with halogenated derivatives inducing a rapid and marked intracellular oxidative milieu in infective T. brucei. Notably, most of the hits presented better absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties than the reference drugs. Several of the bioactive molecules herein identified represent a promising starting point for further improvement of their trypanosomatid potency and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olalla Barreiro-Costa
- Center for Biomedical Research (CENBIO), Eugenio Espejo College of Health Sciences, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Cristina Quiroga Lozano
- Laboratory Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Erika Muñoz
- Instituto de Microbiología y Programa de Maestría en Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Patricio Rojas-Silva
- Center for Biomedical Research (CENBIO), Eugenio Espejo College of Health Sciences, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
- Instituto de Microbiología y Programa de Maestría en Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Andrea Medeiros
- Laboratory Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Marcelo A. Comini
- Laboratory Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Correspondence: (M.A.C.); (J.H.-M.)
| | - Jorge Heredia-Moya
- Center for Biomedical Research (CENBIO), Eugenio Espejo College of Health Sciences, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
- Correspondence: (M.A.C.); (J.H.-M.)
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Koperniku A, Garcia AA, Mochly-Rosen D. Boosting the Discovery of Small Molecule Inhibitors of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase for the Treatment of Cancer, Infectious Diseases, and Inflammation. J Med Chem 2022; 65:4403-4423. [PMID: 35239352 PMCID: PMC9553131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We present an overview of small molecule glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) inhibitors that have potential for use in the treatment of cancer, infectious diseases, and inflammation. Both steroidal and nonsteroidal inhibitors have been identified with steroidal inhibitors lacking target selectivity. The main scaffolds encountered in nonsteroidal inhibitors are quinazolinones and benzothiazinones/benzothiazepinones. Three molecules show promise for development as antiparasitic (25 and 29) and anti-inflammatory (32) agents. Regarding modality of inhibition (MOI), steroidal inhibitors have been shown to be uncompetitive and reversible. Nonsteroidal small molecules have exhibited all types of MOI. Strategies to boost the discovery of small molecule G6PD inhibitors include exploration of structure-activity relationships (SARs) for established inhibitors, employment of high-throughput screening (HTS), and fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) for the identification of new hits. We discuss the challenges and gaps associated with drug discovery efforts of G6PD inhibitors from in silico, in vitro, and in cellulo to in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Koperniku
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 269 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Corresponding Author: Ana Koperniku,
| | - Adriana A. Garcia
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 269 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 269 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Benítez D, Franco J, Sardi F, Leyva A, Durán R, Choi G, Yang G, Kim T, Kim N, Heo J, Kim K, Lee H, Choi I, Radu C, Shum D, No JH, Comini MA. Drug-like molecules with anti-trypanothione synthetase activity identified by high throughput screening. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:912-929. [PMID: 35306933 PMCID: PMC8942522 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2045590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanothione synthetase (TryS) catalyses the synthesis of N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine (trypanothione), which is the main low molecular mass thiol supporting several redox functions in trypanosomatids. TryS attracts attention as molecular target for drug development against pathogens causing severe and fatal diseases in mammals. A drug discovery campaign aimed to identify and characterise new inhibitors of TryS with promising biological activity was conducted. A large compound library (n = 51,624), most of them bearing drug-like properties, was primarily screened against TryS from Trypanosoma brucei (TbTryS). With a true-hit rate of 0.056%, several of the TbTryS hits (IC50 from 1.2 to 36 µM) also targeted the homologue enzyme from Leishmania infantum and Trypanosoma cruzi (IC50 values from 2.6 to 40 µM). Calmidazolium chloride and Ebselen stand out for their multi-species anti-TryS activity at low µM concentrations (IC50 from 2.6 to 13.8 µM). The moieties carboxy piperidine amide and amide methyl thiazole phenyl were identified as novel TbTryS inhibitor scaffolds. Several of the TryS hits presented one-digit µM EC50 against T. cruzi and L. donovani amastigotes but proved cytotoxic against the human osteosarcoma and macrophage host cells (selectivity index ≤ 3). In contrast, seven hits showed a significantly higher selectivity against T. b. brucei (selectivity index from 11 to 182). Non-invasive redox assays confirmed that Ebselen, a multi-TryS inhibitor, induces an intracellular oxidative milieu in bloodstream T. b. brucei. Kinetic and mass spectrometry analysis revealed that Ebselen is a slow-binding inhibitor that modifies irreversible a highly conserved cysteine residue from the TryS’s synthetase domain. The most potent TbTryS inhibitor (a singleton containing an adamantine moiety) exerted a non-covalent, non-competitive (with any of the substrates) inhibition of the enzyme. These data feed the drug discovery pipeline for trypanosomatids with novel and valuable information on chemical entities with drug potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Benítez
- Laboratory Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jaime Franco
- Laboratory Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Sardi
- Laboratory Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alejandro Leyva
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rosario Durán
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gahee Choi
- Host-Parasite Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyongseon Yang
- Host-Parasite Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehee Kim
- Assay Development and Screening, Institut Pasteur Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Namyoul Kim
- Assay Development and Screening, Institut Pasteur Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyeong Heo
- Assay Development and Screening, Institut Pasteur Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kideok Kim
- Automation and Logistics Management, Institut Pasteur Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Honggun Lee
- Automation and Logistics Management, Institut Pasteur Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Choi
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institut Pasteur Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Constantin Radu
- Automation and Logistics Management, Institut Pasteur Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - David Shum
- Assay Development and Screening, Institut Pasteur Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hwan No
- Host-Parasite Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Marcelo A Comini
- Laboratory Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Dibello E, Comini MA, Benítez D. A Simple, Robust, and Affordable Bioluminescent Assay for Drug Screening Against Infective African Trypanosomes. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2524:149-162. [PMID: 35821469 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2453-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This chapter introduces a simple and robust in vitro viability assay to screen bioactive small molecules (e.g., natural, synthetic) against the monomorphic and infective (bloodstream) form of Trypanosoma brucei brucei. The assay relies on a bioluminescent transgenic parasite harboring a genetically encoded copy of a thermostable redshifted firefly luciferase from Photinus pyralis.The major advantages of the assay are simplicity and cost efficiency, along with excellent quality parameters. The bioassay allows estimating parasite numbers and viability (and metabolic state) as a function of bioluminescence (BL) signal. Parasites are grown in the presence of the molecules of interest in a 96-well microplate, and 24 h later, BL is determined with a simple protocol lacking washing steps, using cost-efficient reagents with a reasonable readout time for high-throughput applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Dibello
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marcelo A Comini
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Diego Benítez
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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