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Afshari AR, Sanati M, Ahmadi SS, Kesharwani P, Sahebkar A. Harnessing the capacity of phytochemicals to enhance immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy of cancers: A focus on brain malignancies. Cancer Lett 2024; 593:216955. [PMID: 38750720 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Brain cancers, particularly glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), are challenging health issues with frequent unmet aspects. Today, discovering safe and effective therapeutic modalities for brain tumors is among the top research interests. Immunotherapy is an emerging area of investigation in cancer treatment. Since immune checkpoints play fundamental roles in repressing anti-cancer immunity, diverse immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been developed, and some monoclonal antibodies have been approved clinically for particular cancers; nevertheless, there are significant concerns regarding their efficacy and safety in brain tumors. Among the various tools to modify the immune checkpoints, phytochemicals show good effectiveness and excellent safety, making them suitable candidates for developing better ICIs. Phytochemicals regulate multiple immunological checkpoint-related signaling pathways in cancer biology; however, their efficacy for clinical cancer immunotherapy remains to be established. Here, we discussed the involvement of immune checkpoints in cancer pathology and summarized recent advancements in applying phytochemicals in modulating immune checkpoints in brain tumors to highlight the state-of-the-art and give constructive prospects for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir R Afshari
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sanati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Experimental and Animal Study Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Seyed Sajad Ahmadi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Khatam-Ol-Anbia Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Ai J, Tang X, Mao B, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Chen W, Cui S. Gut microbiota: a superior operator for dietary phytochemicals to improve atherosclerosis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38940319 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2369169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Mounting evidence implicates the gut microbiota as a possible key susceptibility factor for atherosclerosis (AS). The employment of dietary phytochemicals that strive to target the gut microbiota has gained scientific support for treating AS. This study conducted a general overview of the links between the gut microbiota and AS, and summarized available evidence that dietary phytochemicals improve AS via manipulating gut microbiota. Then, the microbial metabolism of several dietary phytochemicals was summarized, along with a discussion on the metabolites formed and the biotransformation pathways involving key gut bacteria and enzymes. This study additionally focused on the anti-atherosclerotic potential of representative metabolites from dietary phytochemicals, and investigated their underlying molecular mechanisms. In summary, microbiota-dependent dietary phytochemical therapy is a promising strategy for AS management, and knowledge of "phytochemical-microbiota-biotransformation" may be a breakthrough in the search for novel anti-atherogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bingyong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shumao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Zhang Y, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Peng R, Zhang Z, Xu Z, Simal-Gandara J, Yang H, Deng J. Bioactive sulforaphane from cruciferous vegetables: advances in biosynthesis, metabolism, bioavailability, delivery, health benefits, and applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38841734 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2354937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation-induced diseases (CID) are the dominant cause of death worldwide, contributing to over half of all global deaths. Sulforaphane (SFN) derived from cruciferous vegetables has been extensively studied for its multiple functional benefits in alleviating CID. This work comprehensively reviewed the biosynthesis, metabolism, bioavailability, delivery, health benefits, and applications of SFN and its potential mechanisms against CID (e.g., cancer, obesity, type 2 diabetes, et al.), and neurological disorders based on a decade of research. SFN exerts its biological functions through the hydrolysis of glucosinolates by gut microbiota, and exhibits rapid metabolism and excretion characteristics via metabolization of mercapturic acid pathway. Microencapsulation is an important way to improve the stability and targeted delivery of SFN. The health benefits of SNF against CID are attributed to the multiple regulatory mechanisms including modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, immune response, and intestinal homeostasis. The clinical applications of SFN and related formulations show promising potential; however, further exploration is required regarding the sources, dosages, toxicity profiles, and stability of SFN. Together, SFN is a natural product with great potential for development and application, which is crucial for the development of functional food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Renjie Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Haixia Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhang L, Meng S, Liu Y, Han F, Xu T, Zhao Z, Li Z. Advances in and Perspectives on Transgenic Technology and CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing in Broccoli. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:668. [PMID: 38927604 PMCID: PMC11203320 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Broccoli, a popular international Brassica oleracea crop, is an important export vegetable in China. Broccoli is not only rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals but also has anticancer and antiviral activities. Recently, an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system has been established and optimized in broccoli, and transgenic transformation and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing techniques have been applied to improve broccoli quality, postharvest shelf life, glucoraphanin accumulation, and disease and stress resistance, among other factors. The construction and application of genetic transformation technology systems have led to rapid development in broccoli worldwide, which is also good for functional gene identification of some potential traits in broccoli. This review comprehensively summarizes the progress in transgenic technology and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing for broccoli over the past four decades. Moreover, it explores the potential for future integration of digital and smart technologies into genetic transformation processes, thus demonstrating the promise of even more sophisticated and targeted crop improvements. As the field continues to evolve, these innovations are expected to play a pivotal role in the sustainable production of broccoli and the enhancement of its nutritional and health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.Z.); (S.M.); (Y.L.); (F.H.); (T.X.)
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Sufang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.Z.); (S.M.); (Y.L.); (F.H.); (T.X.)
| | - Yumei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.Z.); (S.M.); (Y.L.); (F.H.); (T.X.)
| | - Fengqing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.Z.); (S.M.); (Y.L.); (F.H.); (T.X.)
| | - Tiemin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.Z.); (S.M.); (Y.L.); (F.H.); (T.X.)
- Shouguang R&D Center of Vegetables, CAAS, Shouguang 262700, China;
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- Shouguang R&D Center of Vegetables, CAAS, Shouguang 262700, China;
| | - Zhansheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.Z.); (S.M.); (Y.L.); (F.H.); (T.X.)
- Shouguang R&D Center of Vegetables, CAAS, Shouguang 262700, China;
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Liu S, Wang B, Chen T, Wang H, Liu J, Zhao X, Zhang Y. Two new and effective food-extracted immunomodulatory agents exhibit anti-inflammatory response activity in the hACE2 acute lung injury murine model of COVID-19. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1374541. [PMID: 38807598 PMCID: PMC11130445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1374541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread rapidly and claimed millions of lives worldwide. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the major cause of COVID-19-associated deaths. Due to the limitations of current drugs, developing effective therapeutic options that can be used rapidly and safely in clinics for treating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections is necessary. This study aims to investigate the effects of two food-extracted immunomodulatory agents, ajoene-enriched garlic extract (AGE) and cruciferous vegetables-extracted sulforaphane (SFN), on anti-inflammatory and immune responses in a SARS-CoV-2 acute lung injury mouse model. Methods In this study, we established a mouse model to mimic the SARS-CoV-2 infection acute lung injury model via intratracheal injection of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]) and SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein (SP). After the different agents treatment, lung sections, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and fresh faeces were harvested. Then, H&E staining was used to examine symptoms of interstitial pneumonia. Flow cytometry was used to examine the change of immune cell populations. Multiplex cytokines assay was used to examine the inflammatory cytokines.16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing was used to examine the change of gut microbiome. Results Our results showed that AGE and SFN significantly suppressed the symptoms of interstitial pneumonia, effectively inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines, decreased the percentage of inflammatory cell populations, and elevated T cell populations in the mouse model. Furthermore, we also observed that the gut microbiome of genus Paramuribaculum were enriched in the AGE-treated group. Conclusion Here, for the first time, we observed that these two novel, safe, and relatively inexpensive immunomodulatory agents exhibited the same effects on anti-inflammatory and immune responses as neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against interleukin 6 receptor (IL-6R), which have been suggested for treating COVID-19 patients. Our results revealed the therapeutic ability of these two immunomodulatory agents in a mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 acute lung injury by promoting anti-inflammatory and immune responses. These results suggest that AGE and SFN are promising candidates for the COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Liu
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baiqiao Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tianran Chen
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Key Laboratory for Cell Therapy of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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Habib TN, Altonsy MO, Ghanem SA, Salama MS, Hosny MA. Optimizing combination therapy in prostate cancer: mechanistic insights into the synergistic effects of Paclitaxel and Sulforaphane-induced apoptosis. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:5. [PMID: 38438917 PMCID: PMC10910811 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-024-00501-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combination therapies in cancer treatment have demonstrated synergistic or additive outcomes while also reducing the development of drug resistance compared to monotherapy. This study explores the potential of combining the chemotherapeutic agent Paclitaxel (PTX) with Sulforaphane (SFN), a natural compound primarily found in cruciferous vegetables, to enhance treatment efficacy in prostate cancer. METHODS Two prostate cancer cell lines, PC-3 and LNCaP, were treated with varying concentrations of PTX, SFN, and their combination. Cell viability was assessed using the thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to determine the EC50 values. Western blot analysis was conducted to evaluate the expression of Bax, Bcl2, and Caspase-3 activation proteins in response to individual and combined treatments of PTX and SFN. Fluorescent microscopy was employed to observe morphological changes indicative of apoptotic stress in cell nuclei. Flow cytometry analysis was utilized to assess alterations in cell cycle phases, such as redistribution and arrest. Statistical analyses, including Student's t-tests and one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's correction, were performed to determine significant differences between mono- and combination treatments. RESULTS The impact of PTX, SFN, and their combination on cell viability reduction was evaluated in a dose-dependent manner. The combined treatment enhanced PTX's effects and decreased the EC50 values of both drugs compared to individual treatments. PTX and SFN treatments differentially regulated the expression of Bax and Bcl2 proteins in PC-3 and LNCaP cell lines, favoring apoptosis over cell survival. Our data indicated that combination therapy significantly increased Bax protein expression and the Bax/Bcl2 ratio compared to PTX or SFN alone. Flow cytometry analysis revealed alterations in cell cycle phases, including S-phase arrest and an increased population of apoptotic cells. Notably, the combination treatments did not have a discernible impact on necrotic cells. Signs of apoptotic cell death were confirmed through Caspase-3 cleavage, and morphological changes in cell nuclei were assessed via western blot and fluorescent microscopy. CONCLUSION This combination therapy of PTX and SFN has the potential to improve prostate cancer treatment by minimizing side effects while maintaining efficacy. Mechanistic investigations revealed that SFN enhances PTX efficacy by promoting apoptosis, activating caspase-3, inducing nuclear morphology changes, modulating the cell cycle, and altering Bax and Bcl2 protein expression. These findings offer valuable insights into the synergistic effects of PTX and SFN, supporting the optimization of combination therapy and providing efficient therapeutic strategies in preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tito N Habib
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed O Altonsy
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Salah A Ghanem
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Salama
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mai A Hosny
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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Xu R, Wu Y, Xiang X, Lv X, He M, Xu C, Lai G, Xiang T. Sulforaphane effectively inhibits HBV by altering Treg/Th17 immune balance and the MIF-macrophages polarizing axis in vitro and in vivo. Virus Res 2024; 341:199316. [PMID: 38215982 PMCID: PMC10825640 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem. After HBV infection, viral antigens shift the immune balance in favor of viral escape. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a traditional Chinese medicine.It regulates multi-biological activities, including anti-inflammation, anticancer, and antiviral. However, few studies reported that SFN can inhibit HBV infection before. METHODS An immunocompetent HBV CBA/CaJ mouse model and a co-culture model were used to explore the effect of SFN on HBV and whether SFN altered the immune balance after HBV infection. RESULTS We found that SFN was able to reduce HBV DNA, cccDNA, HBsAg, HBeAg, and HBcAg levels in serum and liver tissues of HBV-infected mice. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that SFN could significantly increase the expression of Cd86 and iNOS and inhibit the expression of Arg1 on macrophages after HBV infection. After SFN administration, Th17 markers in liver tissue and serum were significantly increased. There was no significant changes in the proportion of Treg cells in peripheral blood, but a significant increase in the proportion of Th17 cells and decrease of the Treg/Th17 ratio. Using a network pharmacology approach, we predicted macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as a potential target of SFN and further validated that MIF expression was significantly increased after HBV infection and SFN significantly inhibited MIF expression both in vitro and in vivo. There was an upward trend in HBV markers (p>0.05) after MIF overexpression. Overexpression of MIF combined with the use of SFN resulted in a significant reversion in the expression of HBV markers and polarization of macrophages towards the M1 phenotype. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that immunocompetent HBV CBA/CaJ mouse model is a good model to evaluate HBV infection. SFN could inhibit the expression of HBV markers, promote polarization of macrophages towards the M1 phenotype after HBV infection, change the proportion of Treg and Th17 cells. Our findings demonstrate that SFN inhibit HBV infection by inhibiting the expression of MIF and promoting the polarization of macrophages towards the M1 phenotype, which illustrates a promising therapeutic approach in HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqing Xu
- Laboratory Animal Center of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Xiang
- Laboratory Animal Center of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Lv
- Laboratory Animal Center of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Miao He
- Laboratory Animal Center of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Laboratory Animal Center of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoqi Lai
- Laboratory Animal Center of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Tingxiu Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China; Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Liu G, Zhang X, Wang J, Li L, Cao J, Yin C, Liu Y, Chen G, Lv J, Xu X, Wang J, Huang X, Xu D. Facile preparation of biomimetic mineralized COFs based on magnetic silk fibroin and its effective extraction of sulforaphane from cruciferous vegetables. Food Chem 2024; 434:137482. [PMID: 37722339 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
A novel biomimetic mineralized covalent organic framework (BM-COF) was prepared based on magnetic silk fibroin and a new sulforaphane pretreatment technology was constructed. First, metal coordination was performed on the surface of silk fibroin, and nanoparticles were deposited by in-situ mineralization after co-precipitation. Then, biomineralized COFs were prepared by in-situ self-assembly of a COF layer on Fe3O4@silk fibroin surface guided by interfacial directional growth technology. The BM-COFs had a multilayer structure, large specific surface area and pore volume, and superparamagnetic properties, which make them an ideal adsorbent. The adsorption of sulforaphane by BM-COFs is mainly multi-molecular layer adsorption and chemisorption, there might be electrostatic action, π-stacking and hydrogen bonding in the adsorption process. The composite material was successfully used for the pretreatment of sulforaphane in cruciferous vegetables. An extraction time of 30 min gave extraction efficiencies as high as 92%, and the recovery could reach more than 73%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100081, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China.
| | - Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100081, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China; Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China.
| | - Lingyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jiayong Cao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China.
| | - Chen Yin
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China.
| | - Yuan Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China.
| | - Ge Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jun Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiaomin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture Beijing, 100081 Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Donghui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100081, China; Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Mantzourani C, Mesimeri ID, Kokotou MG. Free Fatty Acid Determination in Broccoli Tissues Using Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2024; 29:754. [PMID: 38398506 PMCID: PMC10891939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) is a widely consumed vegetable, very popular due to its various nutritional and bioactive components. Since studies on the lipid components of broccoli have been limited so far, the aim of the present work was the study of free fatty acids (FFAs) present in different broccoli parts, aerial and underground. The direct determination of twenty-four FFAs in broccoli tissues (roots, leaves, and florets) was carried out, using a liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method in a 10 min single run. Linolenic acid was found to be the most abundant FFA in all different broccoli parts in quantities ranging from 0.76 to 1.46 mg/g, followed by palmitic acid (0.17-0.22 mg/g) and linoleic acid (0.06-0.08 mg/g). To extend our knowledge on broccoli's bioactive components, for the first time, the existence of bioactive oxidized fatty acids, namely hydroxy and oxo fatty acids, was explored in broccoli tissues adopting an HRMS-based lipidomics approach. 16- and 2-hydroxypalmitic acids were detected in all parts of broccoli studied, while ricinoleic acid was detected for the first time as a component of broccoli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Mantzourani
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Irene-Dimitra Mesimeri
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Maroula G Kokotou
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
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Baralić K, Živanović J, Marić Đ, Bozic D, Grahovac L, Antonijević Miljaković E, Ćurčić M, Buha Djordjevic A, Bulat Z, Antonijević B, Đukić-Ćosić D. Sulforaphane-A Compound with Potential Health Benefits for Disease Prevention and Treatment: Insights from Pharmacological and Toxicological Experimental Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:147. [PMID: 38397745 PMCID: PMC10886109 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), which is a hydrolysis product from glucoraphanin, a compound found in cruciferous vegetables, has been studied for its potential health benefits, particularly in disease prevention and treatment. SFN has proven to be effective in combating different types of cancer by inhibiting the proliferation of tumors and triggering apoptosis. This dual action has been demonstrated to result in a reduction in tumor size and an enhancement of survival rates in animal models. SFN has also shown antidiabetic and anti-obesity effects, improving glucose tolerance and reducing fat accumulation. SFN's ability to activate Nrf2, a transcription factor regulating oxidative stress and inflammation in cells, is a primary mechanism behind its anticancerogenic and antidiabetic effects. Its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties are also suggested to provide beneficial effects against neurodegenerative diseases. The potential health benefits of SFN have led to increased interest in its use as a dietary supplement or adjunct to chemotherapy, but there are insufficient data on its efficacy and optimal doses, as well as its safety. This review aims to present and discuss SFN's potential in treating various diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on its mechanisms of action. It also summarizes studies on the pharmacological and toxicological potential of SFN in in vitro and animal models and explores its protective role against toxic compounds through in vitro and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Baralić
- Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.Ž.); (Đ.M.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (E.A.M.); (M.Ć.); (A.B.D.); (Z.B.); (B.A.); (D.Đ.-Ć.)
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11
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Jiménez-Cortegana C, Palomares F, Alba G, Santa-María C, de la Cruz-Merino L, Sánchez-Margalet V, López-Enríquez S. Dendritic cells: the yin and yang in disease progression. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1321051. [PMID: 38239364 PMCID: PMC10794555 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1321051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen presenting cells that link innate and adaptive immunity. DCs have been historically considered as the most effective and potent cell population to capture, process and present antigens to activate naïve T cells and originate favorable immune responses in many diseases, such as cancer. However, in the last decades, it has been observed that DCs not only promote beneficial responses, but also drive the initiation and progression of some pathologies, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In line with those notions, different therapeutic approaches have been tested to enhance or impair the concentration and role of the different DC subsets. The blockade of inhibitory pathways to promote DCs or DC-based vaccines have been successfully assessed in cancer, whereas the targeting of DCs to inhibit their functionality has proved to be favorable in IBD. In this review, we (a) described the general role of DCs, (b) explained the DC subsets and their role in immunogenicity, (c) analyzed the role of DCs in cancer and therapeutic approaches to promote immunogenic DCs and (d) analyzed the role of DCs in IBD and therapeutic approaches to reduced DC-induced inflammation. Therefore, we aimed to highlight the "yin-yang" role of DCs to improve the understand of this type of cells in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Jiménez-Cortegana
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Francisca Palomares
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Alba
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Consuelo Santa-María
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Luis de la Cruz-Merino
- Clinical Oncology Dept. Medicine Department, University of Seville, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Victor Sánchez-Margalet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Soledad López-Enríquez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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12
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Bao T, Zhang X, Xie W, Wang Y, Li X, Tang C, Yang Y, Sun J, Gao J, Yu T, Zhao L, Tong X. Natural compounds efficacy in complicated diabetes: A new twist impacting ferroptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115544. [PMID: 37820566 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, as a way of cell death, participates in the body's normal physiological and pathological regulation. Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis may damage glucose-stimulated islets β Insulin secretion and programmed cell death of T2DM target organs are involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM and its complications. Targeting suppression of ferroptosis with specific inhibitors may provide new therapeutic opportunities for previously untreated T2DM and its target organs. Current studies suggest that natural bioactive compounds, which are abundantly available in drugs, foods, and medicinal plants for the treatment of T2DM and its target organs, have recently received significant attention for their various biological activities and minimal toxicity, and that many natural compounds appear to have a significant role in the regulation of ferroptosis in T2DM and its target organs. Therefore, this review summarized the potential treatment strategies of natural compounds as ferroptosis inhibitors to treat T2DM and its complications, providing potential lead compounds and natural phytochemical molecular nuclei for future drug research and development to intervene in ferroptosis in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Bao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China; Graduate school, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiangyuan Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China; Graduate school, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Weinan Xie
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China; Graduate school, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Road, Jingyue National High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Xiuyang Li
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Road, Jingyue National High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- National Center for Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1478, Gongnong Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jiaqi Gao
- School of Qi-Huang Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, North 3rd Ring East Roa, Chaoyang Distric, Beijing 10010, China
| | - Tongyue Yu
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China.
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13
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Diao H, Dai W, Wurm D, Lu Y, Shrestha L, He A, Wong RK, Chen QM. Del Nido cardioplegia or potassium induces Nrf2 and protects cardiomyocytes against oxidative stress. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1401-C1414. [PMID: 37842750 PMCID: PMC10861178 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00436.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Open heart surgery is often an unavoidable procedure for the treatment of coronary artery disease. The procedure-associated reperfusion injury affects postoperative cardiac performance and long-term outcomes. We addressed here whether cardioplegia essential for cardiopulmonary bypass surgery activates Nrf2, a transcription factor regulating the expression of antioxidant and detoxification genes. With commonly used cardioplegic solutions, high K+, low K+, Del Nido (DN), histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK), and Celsior (CS), we found that DN caused a significant increase of Nrf2 protein in AC16 human cardiomyocytes. Tracing the ingredients in DN led to the discovery of KCl at the concentration of 20-60 mM capable of significant Nrf2 protein induction. The antioxidant response element (ARE) luciferase reporter assays confirmed Nrf2 activation by DN or KCl. Transcriptomic profiling using RNA-seq revealed that oxidation-reduction as a main gene ontology group affected by KCl. KCl indeed elevated the expression of classical Nrf2 downstream targets, including TXNRD1, AKR1C, AKR1B1, SRXN1, and G6PD. DN or KCl-induced Nrf2 elevation is Ca2+ concentration dependent. We found that KCl decreased Nrf2 protein ubiquitination and extended the half-life of Nrf2 from 17.8 to 25.1 mins. Knocking out Keap1 blocked Nrf2 induction by K+. Nrf2 induction by DN or KCl correlates with the protection against reactive oxygen species generation or loss of viability by H2O2 treatment. Our data support that high K+ concentration in DN cardioplegic solution can induce Nrf2 protein and protect cardiomyocytes against oxidative damage.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Open heart surgery is often an unavoidable procedure for the treatment of coronary artery disease. The procedure-associated reperfusion injury affects postoperative cardiac performance and long-term outcomes. We report here that Del Nido cardioplegic solution or potassium is an effective inducer of Nrf2 transcription factor, which controls the antioxidant and detoxification response. This indicates that Del Nido solution is not only essential for open heart surgery but also exhibits cardiac protective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongting Diao
- Perfusion Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Wujing Dai
- Perfusion Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Daniel Wurm
- Perfusion Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Yingying Lu
- Interdisciplinary Program in Statistics and Data Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Lenee Shrestha
- Perfusion Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Amy He
- Perfusion Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Raymond K Wong
- Perfusion Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Qin M Chen
- Perfusion Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
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14
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Zambrano V, Bustos R, Arozarena Y, Mahn A. Optimization of a Microencapsulation Process Using Oil-in-Water (O/W) Emulsion to Increase Thermal Stability of Sulforaphane. Foods 2023; 12:3869. [PMID: 37893763 PMCID: PMC10606704 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a bioactive compound widely studied for its potential applications in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and food industries since it offers health benefits due to its nature as a Phase 2 enzyme inducer. Its application in the food industry has been limited because SFN is unstable at high temperatures in an aqueous milieu. An option to increase SFN stability and protect it from thermal degradation is microencapsulation. The aim of this work was to optimize a microencapsulation process using oil-in-water emulsion to increase the thermal stability of SFN. The operation conditions that gave the highest entrapment efficiency were determined via experimental design and response surface methodology. Thermal degradation of microencapsulated SFN was studied at 37, 50, 60, and 70 °C. The optimum microencapsulation conditions were 8 min stirring, SFN/Gum Arabic ratio of 0.82, and surfactant/oil ratio of 1.0, resulting in an entrapment efficiency of 65%, which is the highest reported so far. The thermal stability of microencapsulated SFN was greatly enhanced compared with free SFN, with a 6-fold decrease in the degradation kinetic constant and a 41% increase in the activation energy. These results will contribute to a more efficient incorporation of SFN in various food matrices and explore new microencapsulation technologies to maximize the efficiency and stability of SFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Zambrano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Santiago of Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago 9170019, Chile; (V.Z.); (R.B.)
| | - Rubén Bustos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Santiago of Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago 9170019, Chile; (V.Z.); (R.B.)
| | - Yipsy Arozarena
- Food Science and Technology Doctorate Program, University of Santiago of Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago 9170019, Chile
| | - Andrea Mahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Santiago of Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago 9170019, Chile; (V.Z.); (R.B.)
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15
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Mthembu SXH, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Moetlediwa MT, Muvhulawa N, Silvestri S, Orlando P, Nkambule BB, Muller CJF, Ndwandwe D, Basson AK, Tiano L, Dludla PV. Sulforaphane: A nutraceutical against diabetes-related complications. Pharmacol Res 2023; 196:106918. [PMID: 37703962 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the use of nutraceuticals and plant-derived bioactive compounds from foods for their potential health benefits. For example, as a major active ingredient found from cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, there has been growing interest in understanding the therapeutic effects of sulforaphane against diverse metabolic complications. The past decade has seen an extensive growth in literature reporting on the potential health benefits of sulforaphane to neutralize pathological consequences of oxidative stress and inflammation, which may be essential in protecting against diabetes-related complications. In fact, preclinical evidence summarized within this review supports an active role of sulforaphane in activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 or effectively modulating AMP-activated protein kinase to protect against diabetic complications, including diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, as well as other metabolic complications involving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and skeletal muscle insulin resistance. With clinical evidence suggesting that foods rich in sulforaphane like broccoli can improve the metabolic status and lower cardiovascular disease risk by reducing biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes. This information remains essential in determining the therapeutic value of sulforaphane or its potential use as a nutraceutical to manage diabetes and its related complications. Finally, this review discusses essential information on the bioavailability profile of sulforaphane, while also covering information on the pathological consequences of oxidative stress and inflammation that drive the development and progression of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinenhlanhla X H Mthembu
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | | | - Marakiya T Moetlediwa
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Ndivhuwo Muvhulawa
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Sonia Silvestri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Patrick Orlando
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Bongani B Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Centre for Cardiometabolic Research Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Duduzile Ndwandwe
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Albertus K Basson
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
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16
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Zuo M, Chen H, Liao Y, He P, Xu T, Tang J, Zhang N. Sulforaphane and bladder cancer: a potential novel antitumor compound. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1254236. [PMID: 37781700 PMCID: PMC10540234 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1254236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a common form of urinary tract tumor, and its incidence is increasing annually. Unfortunately, an increasing number of newly diagnosed BC patients are found to have advanced or metastatic BC. Although current treatment options for BC are diverse and standardized, it is still challenging to achieve ideal curative results. However, Sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate present in cruciferous plants, has emerged as a promising anticancer agent that has shown significant efficacy against various cancers, including bladder cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated that Sulforaphane not only induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in BC cells, but also inhibits the growth, invasion, and metastasis of BC cells. Additionally, it can inhibit BC gluconeogenesis and demonstrate definite effects when combined with chemotherapeutic drugs/carcinogens. Sulforaphane has also been found to exert anticancer activity and inhibit bladder cancer stem cells by mediating multiple pathways in BC, including phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1)/beta-catenin (β-Catenin), miR-124/cytokines interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R)/transcription 3 (STAT3). This article provides a comprehensive review of the current evidence and molecular mechanisms of Sulforaphane against BC. Furthermore, we explore the effects of Sulforaphane on potential risk factors for BC, such as bladder outlet obstruction, and investigate the possible targets of Sulforaphane against BC using network pharmacological analysis. This review is expected to provide a new theoretical basis for future research and the development of new drugs to treat BC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Neng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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17
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Fields NJ, Palmer KR, Rolnik DL, Yo J, Nold MF, Giles ML, Krishnaswamy S, Serpa Neto A, Hodges RJ, Marshall SA. CO-Sprout-A Pilot Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Randomised Trial of Broccoli Sprout Powder Supplementation for Pregnant Women with COVID-19 on the Duration of COVID-19-Associated Symptoms: Study Protocol. Nutrients 2023; 15:3980. [PMID: 37764764 PMCID: PMC10537772 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in late 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been estimated to be responsible for at least 769.3 million infections and over 6.95 million deaths. Despite significant global vaccination efforts, there are limited therapies that are considered safe and effective for use in the management of COVID-19 during pregnancy despite the common knowledge that pregnant patients have a much higher risk of adverse outcomes. A bioactive compound found in broccoli sprout-sulforaphane-is a potent inducer of phase-II detoxification enzymes promoting a series of potentially beneficial effects notably as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral. A pilot, double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomised trial is to be conducted in Melbourne, Australia, across both public and private hospital sectors. We will assess a commercially available broccoli sprout extract in pregnant women between 20+0 and 36+0 weeks gestation with SARS-CoV-2 infection to investigate (i) the duration of COVID-19 associated symptoms, (ii) maternal and neonatal outcomes, and (iii) biomarkers of infection and inflammation. We plan to enrol 60 outpatient women with COVID-19 irrespective of vaccination status diagnosed by PCR swab or RAT (rapid antigen test) within five days and randomised to 14 days of oral broccoli sprout extract (42 mg of sulforaphane daily) or identical microcrystalline cellulose placebo. The primary outcome of this pilot trial will be to assess the feasibility of conducting a larger trial investigating the duration (days) of COVID-19-associated symptoms using a broccoli sprout supplement for COVID-19-affected pregnancies. Pregnant patients remain an at-risk group for severe disease following infection with SARS-CoV-2 and currently unclear consequences for the offspring. Therefore, this study will assess feasibility of using a broccoli sprout supplement, whilst providing important safety data for the use of sulforaphane in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neville J. Fields
- The Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia (D.L.R.); (M.F.N.); (M.L.G.); (R.J.H.); (S.A.M.)
- Monash Health, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne 3168, Australia
| | - Kirsten R. Palmer
- The Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia (D.L.R.); (M.F.N.); (M.L.G.); (R.J.H.); (S.A.M.)
- Monash Health, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne 3168, Australia
| | - Daniel L. Rolnik
- The Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia (D.L.R.); (M.F.N.); (M.L.G.); (R.J.H.); (S.A.M.)
- Monash Health, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne 3168, Australia
| | - Jennifer Yo
- The Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia (D.L.R.); (M.F.N.); (M.L.G.); (R.J.H.); (S.A.M.)
- Monash Health, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne 3168, Australia
| | - Marcel F. Nold
- The Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia (D.L.R.); (M.F.N.); (M.L.G.); (R.J.H.); (S.A.M.)
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia
- Monash Newborn, Monash Children’s Hospital, Melbourne 3168, Australia
| | - Michelle L. Giles
- The Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia (D.L.R.); (M.F.N.); (M.L.G.); (R.J.H.); (S.A.M.)
- Monash Health, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne 3168, Australia
| | | | - Ary Serpa Neto
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC-RC), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne 3004, Australia;
- Department of Critical Care, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Melbourne 3084, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Melbourne 3084, Australia
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil
| | - Ryan J. Hodges
- The Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia (D.L.R.); (M.F.N.); (M.L.G.); (R.J.H.); (S.A.M.)
- Monash Health, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne 3168, Australia
| | - Sarah A. Marshall
- The Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia (D.L.R.); (M.F.N.); (M.L.G.); (R.J.H.); (S.A.M.)
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18
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Zhang B, Liu P, Sheng H, Guo Y, Han Y, Suo L, Yuan Q. New Insight into the Potential Protective Function of Sulforaphene against ROS-Mediated Oxidative Stress Damage In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13129. [PMID: 37685936 PMCID: PMC10487408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphene (SFE) is a kind of isothiocyanate isolated from radish seeds that can prevent free-radical-induced diseases. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of SFE on oxidative-stress-induced damage and its molecular mechanism in vitro and in vivo. The results of cell experiments show that SFE can alleviate D-gal-induced cytotoxicity, promote cell cycle transformation by inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell apoptosis, and show a protective effect on cells with H2O2-induced oxidative damage. Furthermore, the results of mice experiments show that SFE can alleviate D-galactose-induced kidney damage by inhibiting ROS, malondialdehyde (MDA), and 4-hydroxyalkenals (4-HNE) production; protect the kidney against oxidative stress-induced damage by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and upregulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway; and inhibit the activity of pro-inflammatory factors by downregulating the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated inflammatory response. In conclusion, this research shows that SFE has antioxidant effects, providing a new perspective for studying the anti-aging properties of natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qipeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (B.Z.); (P.L.); (H.S.); (Y.G.); (Y.H.); (L.S.)
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Fernandez-Prades L, Brasal-Prieto M, Alba G, Martin V, Montserrat-de la Paz S, Cejudo-Guillen M, Santa-Maria C, Dakhaoui H, Granados B, Sobrino F, Palomares F, Lopez-Enriquez S. Sulforaphane Reduces the Chronic Inflammatory Immune Response of Human Dendritic Cells. Nutrients 2023; 15:3405. [PMID: 37571342 PMCID: PMC10421388 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sulforaphane (SFN) is an isothiocyanate of vegetable origin with potent antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. The characterization of its pleiotropic activity in human dendritic cells (DCs) is poorly summarized. The aim of this work was to study the immunomodulatory power of SFN in response to an inflammatory microenvironment on human monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs). METHODS We studied the immunological response induced by SFN. Apoptosis and autophagy assays were performed using flow cytometry on moDCs and a cancer cell line (THP-1). These included moDC maturation, lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production under different experimental conditions. We investigated whether these results were associated with an inflammatory microenvironment induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). RESULTS Our results demonstrated that SFN could interact with moDCs, significantly reducing the autophagy process and enhancing apoptosis similarly to cancer cell line THP-1 cells in a chronic inflammatory microenvironment. Under chronic inflammation, SFN modulated the phenotypical characteristics of moDCs, reducing the expression of all markers (CD80, CD83, CD86, HLA-DR and PD-L1). SFN significantly reduced the Th2 proliferative response, with a decrease in the IL-9 and IL-13 levels. Although we did not observe any changes in the regulatory proliferative response, we noted an increase in the IL-10 levels. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that SFN exerts protective effects against LPS-induced inflammation via the modulation of moDCs/T cells towards a regulatory profile. SFN may be a potential candidate for the treatment of pathologies with an inflammatory profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fernandez-Prades
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Av. Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; (L.F.-P.); (M.B.-P.); (G.A.); (V.M.); (S.M.-d.l.P.); (H.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Mariano Brasal-Prieto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Av. Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; (L.F.-P.); (M.B.-P.); (G.A.); (V.M.); (S.M.-d.l.P.); (H.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Gonzalo Alba
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Av. Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; (L.F.-P.); (M.B.-P.); (G.A.); (V.M.); (S.M.-d.l.P.); (H.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Victoria Martin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Av. Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; (L.F.-P.); (M.B.-P.); (G.A.); (V.M.); (S.M.-d.l.P.); (H.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Sergio Montserrat-de la Paz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Av. Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; (L.F.-P.); (M.B.-P.); (G.A.); (V.M.); (S.M.-d.l.P.); (H.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Marta Cejudo-Guillen
- Department of Pharmacology, Pediatry, and Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Av. Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain;
| | - Consuelo Santa-Maria
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain;
| | - Hala Dakhaoui
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Av. Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; (L.F.-P.); (M.B.-P.); (G.A.); (V.M.); (S.M.-d.l.P.); (H.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Beatriz Granados
- Distrito Sanitario Málaga, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, 29006 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Francisco Sobrino
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Av. Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; (L.F.-P.); (M.B.-P.); (G.A.); (V.M.); (S.M.-d.l.P.); (H.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Francisca Palomares
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Av. Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; (L.F.-P.); (M.B.-P.); (G.A.); (V.M.); (S.M.-d.l.P.); (H.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Soledad Lopez-Enriquez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Av. Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; (L.F.-P.); (M.B.-P.); (G.A.); (V.M.); (S.M.-d.l.P.); (H.D.); (F.S.)
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20
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Syed RU, Moni SS, Break MKB, Khojali WMA, Jafar M, Alshammari MD, Abdelsalam K, Taymour S, Alreshidi KSM, Elhassan Taha MM, Mohan S. Broccoli: A Multi-Faceted Vegetable for Health: An In-Depth Review of Its Nutritional Attributes, Antimicrobial Abilities, and Anti-inflammatory Properties. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1157. [PMID: 37508253 PMCID: PMC10376324 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Broccoli, Brassica oleracea var. italica, has recently gained considerable attention due to its remarkable nutritional composition and numerous health benefits. In this review, the nutritional aspects of broccoli are examined, highlighting its rich nutrient content and essential bioactive compounds. The cruciferous vegetable broccoli is a rich source of several important nutrients, including fiber, vitamins (A, C, and K), minerals (calcium, potassium, and iron), and antioxidants. It has also been shown to contain bioactive compounds such as glucosinolates, sulforaphane, and indole-3-carbinol, all of which have been shown to have significant health-promoting effects. These chemicals are known to have potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. This review article aims to comprehensively examine the diverse spectrum of nutrients contained in broccoli and explore its medicinal potential to promote human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahamat Unissa Syed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Hail, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed Khaled Bin Break
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Hail, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Weam M A Khojali
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Hail, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, Al Khartoum 14415, Sudan
| | - Mohammed Jafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maali D Alshammari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karim Abdelsalam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soha Taymour
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, India
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
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21
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Nathan J, Shameera R, Ramachandran A. Impact of nutraceuticals on immunomodulation against viral infections-A review during COVID-19 pandemic in Indian scenario. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23320. [PMID: 36799127 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) originated in Wuhan, China, in early December 2019 is a censorious global emergency after World War II. Research on the coronavirus uncovered essential information that aided in the development of the vaccine, and specific coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines were later developed and were approved for usage in humans. But then, mutations in the coronavirus gave rise to new variants and questioned the vaccine's efficacy against them. On the other hand, the investigation of traditional medicine was also on its path to find a novel outcome against COVID-19. On a comparative analysis between India and the United States, India had low death rate and high recovery rate than the latter. The dietary regulation of immunity may be the factor that makes the above difference. The immunity gained from the regular diet of Indian culture nourishes Indian people with essential phytochemicals that support immunity and metabolism. Dietary phytochemicals or nutraceuticals possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties, out of which our concern will be on immune-boosting phytochemicals from our daily nutritional supplements. In several case studies, dietary substance like lemon, ginger, and spinach was reported in the recovery of COVID-19 patients. Thus in this review, we discuss coronavirus and its available variants, vaccines, and the effect of nutraceuticals against the coronavirus. Further, we denote that the immunity of the Indian population may be high because of their diet, which adds natural phytochemicals to boost their immunity and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhansi Nathan
- AUKBC Research Centre for Emerging Technologies, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rabiathul Shameera
- AUKBC Research Centre for Emerging Technologies, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arunkumar Ramachandran
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit (MRU), Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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22
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Bozic D, Živančević K, Baralić K, Miljaković EA, Djordjević AB, Ćurčić M, Bulat Z, Antonijević B, Đukić-Ćosić D. Conducting bioinformatics analysis to predict sulforaphane-triggered adverse outcome pathways in healthy human cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114316. [PMID: 36731342 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a naturally occurring molecule present in plants from Brassica family. It becomes bioactive after hydrolytic reaction mediated by myrosinase or human gastrointestinal microbiota. Sulforaphane gained scientific popularity due to its antioxidant and anti-cancer properties. However, its toxicity profile and potential to cause adverse effects remain largely unidentified. Thus, this study aimed to generate SFN-triggered adverse outcome pathway (AOP) by looking at the relationship between SFN-chemical structure and its toxicity, as well as SFN-gene interactions. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis identified 2 toxophores (Derek Nexus software) that have the potential to cause chromosomal damage and skin sensitization in mammals or mutagenicity in bacteria. Data extracted from Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) linked SFN with previously proposed outcomes via gene interactions. The total of 11 and 146 genes connected SFN with chromosomal damage and skin diseases, respectively. However, network analysis (NetworkAnalyst tool) revealed that these genes function in wider networks containing 490 and 1986 nodes, respectively. The over-representation analysis (ExpressAnalyst tool) pointed out crucial biological pathways regulated by SFN-interfering genes. These pathways are uploaded to AOP-helpFinder tool which found the 2321 connections between 19 enriched pathways and SFN which were further considered as key events. Two major, interconnected AOPs were generated: first starting from disruption of biological pathways involved in cell cycle and cell proliferation leading to increased apoptosis, and the second one connecting activated immune system signaling pathways to inflammation and apoptosis. In both cases, chromosomal damage and/or skin diseases such as dermatitis or psoriasis appear as adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragica Bozic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Toxicological Risk Assessment Center, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Katarina Živančević
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Toxicological Risk Assessment Center, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; University of Belgrade - Faculty of Biology, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry "Ivan Djaja", Center for Laser Microscopy, Studentski trg 16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Baralić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Toxicological Risk Assessment Center, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Evica Antonijević Miljaković
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Toxicological Risk Assessment Center, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Buha Djordjević
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Toxicological Risk Assessment Center, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marijana Ćurčić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Toxicological Risk Assessment Center, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Toxicological Risk Assessment Center, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Antonijević
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Toxicological Risk Assessment Center, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Đukić-Ćosić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Toxicological Risk Assessment Center, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
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23
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Giordano D, Facchiano A, Carbone V. Food Plant Secondary Metabolites Antiviral Activity and Their Possible Roles in SARS-CoV-2 Treatment: An Overview. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062470. [PMID: 36985442 PMCID: PMC10058909 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products and plant extracts exhibit many biological activities, including that related to the defense mechanisms against parasites. Many studies have investigated the biological functions of secondary metabolites and reported evidence of antiviral activities. The pandemic emergencies have further increased the interest in finding antiviral agents, and efforts are oriented to investigate possible activities of secondary plant metabolites against human viruses and their potential application in treating or preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, we performed a comprehensive analysis of studies through in silico and in vitro investigations, also including in vivo applications and clinical trials, to evaluate the state of knowledge on the antiviral activities of secondary metabolites against human viruses and their potential application in treating or preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a particular focus on natural compounds present in food plants. Although some of the food plant secondary metabolites seem to be useful in the prevention and as a possible therapeutic management against SARS-CoV-2, up to now, no molecules can be used as a potential treatment for COVID-19; however, more research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Giordano
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Angelo Facchiano
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Virginia Carbone
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
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24
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Li L, Ma P, Nirasawa S, Liu H. Formation, immunomodulatory activities, and enhancement of glucosinolates and sulforaphane in broccoli sprouts: a review for maximizing the health benefits to human. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:7118-7148. [PMID: 36847125 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2181311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Broccoli sprouts have been considered as functional foods which have received increasing attention because they have been highly prized for glucosinolates, phenolics, and vitamins in particular glucosinolates. One of hydrolysates-sulforaphane from glucoraphanin is positively associated with the attenuation of inflammatory, which could reduce diabetes, cardiovascular and cancer risk. In recent decades, the great interest in natural bioactive components especially for sulforaphane promotes numerous researchers to investigate the methods to enhance glucoraphanin levels in broccoli sprouts and evaluate the immunomodulatory activities of sulforaphane. Therefore, glucosinolates profiles are different in broccoli sprouts varied with genotypes and inducers. Physicochemical, biological elicitors, and storage conditions were widely studied to promote the accumulation of glucosinolates and sulforaphane in broccoli sprouts. These inducers would stimulate the biosynthesis pathway gene expression and enzyme activities of glucosinolates and sulforaphane to increase the concentration in broccoli sprouts. The immunomodulatory activity of sulforaphane was summarized to be a new therapy for diseases with immune dysregulation. The perspective of this review served as a potential reference for customers and industries by application of broccoli sprouts as a functional food and clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peihua Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Satoru Nirasawa
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Haijie Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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25
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Qin H, King GJ, Borpatragohain P, Zou J. Developing multifunctional crops by engineering Brassicaceae glucosinolate pathways. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023:100565. [PMID: 36823985 PMCID: PMC10363516 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs), found mainly in species of the Brassicaceae family, are one of the most well-studied classes of secondary metabolites. Produced by the action of myrosinase on GSLs, GSL-derived hydrolysis products (GHPs) primarily defend against biotic stress in planta. They also significantly affect the quality of crop products, with a subset of GHPs contributing unique food flavors and multiple therapeutic benefits or causing disagreeable food odors and health risks. Here, we explore the potential of these bioactive functions, which could be exploited for future sustainable agriculture. We first summarize our accumulated understanding of GSL diversity and distribution across representative Brassicaceae species. We then systematically discuss and evaluate the potential of exploited and unutilized genes involved in GSL biosynthesis, transport, and hydrolysis as candidate GSL engineering targets. Benefiting from available information on GSL and GHP functions, we explore options for multifunctional Brassicaceae crop ideotypes to meet future demand for food diversification and sustainable crop production. An integrated roadmap is subsequently proposed to guide ideotype development, in which maximization of beneficial effects and minimization of detrimental effects of GHPs could be combined and associated with various end uses. Based on several use-case examples, we discuss advantages and limitations of available biotechnological approaches that may contribute to effective deployment and could provide novel insights for optimization of future GSL engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Graham J King
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Jun Zou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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26
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Shen J, Liu Y, Wang X, Bai J, Lin L, Luo F, Zhong H. A Comprehensive Review of Health-Benefiting Components in Rapeseed Oil. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040999. [PMID: 36839357 PMCID: PMC9962526 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed oil is the third most consumed culinary oil in the world. It is well-known for its high content of unsaturated fatty acids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids, which make it of great nutritional value. There is increasing evidence that a diet rich in unsaturated fatty acids offers health benefits. Although the consumption of rapeseed oil cuts across many areas around the world, the nutritional elements of rapeseed oil and the exact efficacy of the nutrients remain unclear. In this review, we systematically summarized the latest studies on functional rapeseed components to ascertain which component of canola oil contributes to its function. Apart from unsaturated fatty acids, there are nine functional components in rapeseed oil that contribute to its anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective, among others. These nine functional components are vitamin E, flavonoids, squalene, carotenoids, glucoraphanin, indole-3-Carbinol, sterols, phospholipids, and ferulic acid, which themselves or their derivatives have health-benefiting properties. This review sheds light on the health-benefiting effects of rapeseed oil in the hope of further development of functional foods from rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Shen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- The Research and Development Department, Hunan Jinjian Cereals Industry, Changde 415001, China
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-731-85623491 (J.S.)
| | - Yejia Liu
- The Research and Development Department, Hunan Jinjian Cereals Industry, Changde 415001, China
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415006, China
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-731-85623491 (J.S.)
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jie Bai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Lizhong Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- The Research and Development Department, Hunan Jinjian Cereals Industry, Changde 415001, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Haiyan Zhong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
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27
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Coutinho LDL, Junior TCT, Rangel MC. Sulforaphane: An emergent anti-cancer stem cell agent. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1089115. [PMID: 36776295 PMCID: PMC9909961 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1089115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major public health concern worldwide responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates. Alternative therapies have been extensively investigated, and plant-derived compounds have caught the attention of the scientific community due to their chemopreventive and anticancer effects. Sulforaphane (SFN) is one of these naturally occurring agents, and studies have shown that it is able to target a specific cancer cell population displaying stem-like properties, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). These cells can self-renewal and differentiate to form highly heterogeneous tumor masses. Notably, most of the conventional chemotherapeutic agents cannot target CSCs once they usually exist in a quiescent state and overall, the available cytotoxic drugs focus on highly dividing cells. This is, at least in part, one of the reasons why some oncologic patients relapse after standard therapy. In this review we bring together studies supporting not only the chemopreventive and anticancer properties of SFN, but especially the emerging anti-CSCs effects of this natural product and its potential to be used with conventional antineoplastic drugs in the clinical setting.
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28
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Redox Remodeling by Nutraceuticals for Prevention and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010132. [PMID: 36670995 PMCID: PMC9855137 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant-rich dietary regimens are considered the best practice to maintain health, control inflammation, and prevent inflammatory diseases. Yet, nutraceuticals as food supplements are self-prescribed and purchasable over the counter by healthy individuals for the purpose of beneficial effects on fitness and aging. Hence, the effectiveness, safety, and correct intake of these compounds need to be better explored. Since redox-modulating activity of these compounds appears to be involved in activation and or suppression of immune cells, the preventive use of nutraceuticals is very attractive even for healthy people. This review focuses on redox- and immunomodulating nutraceuticals in the context of diabetes mellitus (DM). In fact, DM is an illustrative disease of latent and predictable inflammatory pathogenetic processes set out and sustained by oxidative stress. DM has been thoroughly investigated through in vitro and in vivo models. Furthermore, human DM is characterized by uncontrolled levels of glucose, a pivotal factor shaping immune responses. Hence, antioxidant nutraceuticals with multifaced activities, including glucose keeping, are described here. A greater number of such multi-player nutraceuticals might be identified using DM animal models and validated in clinical settings on genetic and environmental high-risk individuals.
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29
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Yang D, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Han F, Li Z. A high-efficiency PEG-Ca 2+-mediated transient transformation system for broccoli protoplasts. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1081321. [PMID: 36578340 PMCID: PMC9790990 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1081321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Transient transformation of plant protoplasts is an important method for studying gene function, subcellular localization and plant morphological development. In this study, an efficient transient transformation system was established by optimizing the plasmid concentration, PEG4000 mass concentration and genotype selection, key factors that affect transformation efficiency. Meanwhile, an efficient and universal broccoli protoplast isolation system was established. Using 0.5% (w/v) cellulase R-10 and 0.1% (w/v) pectolyase Y-23 to hydrolyze broccoli cotyledons of three different genotypes for 3 h, the yield was more than 5×106/mL/g, and the viability was more than 95%, sufficient to meet the high standards for protoplasts to be used in various experiments. The average transformation efficiency of the two plasmid vectors PHG-eGFP and CP507-YFP in broccoli B1 protoplasts were 61.4% and 41.7%, respectively. Using this system, we successfully performed subcellular localization of the products of three target genes (the clubroot resistance gene CRa and two key genes regulated by glucosinolates, Bol029100 and Bol031350).The results showed that the products of all three genes were localized in the nucleus. The high-efficiency transient transformation system for broccoli protoplasts constructed in this study makes it possible to reliably acquire high-viability protoplasts in high yield. This research provides important technical support for international frontier research fields such as single-cell sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, plant somatic hybridization, gene function analysis and subcellular localization.
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Labarrere CA, Kassab GS. Glutathione deficiency in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its effects upon the host immune response in severe COVID-19 disease. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:979719. [PMID: 36274722 PMCID: PMC9582773 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.979719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has numerous risk factors leading to severe disease with high mortality rate. Oxidative stress with excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that lower glutathione (GSH) levels seems to be a common pathway associated with the high COVID-19 mortality. GSH is a unique small but powerful molecule paramount for life. It sustains adequate redox cell signaling since a physiologic level of oxidative stress is fundamental for controlling life processes via redox signaling, but excessive oxidation causes cell and tissue damage. The water-soluble GSH tripeptide (γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine) is present in the cytoplasm of all cells. GSH is at 1–10 mM concentrations in all mammalian tissues (highest concentration in liver) as the most abundant non-protein thiol that protects against excessive oxidative stress. Oxidative stress also activates the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) redox regulator pathway, releasing Nrf2 to regulate the expression of genes that control antioxidant, inflammatory and immune system responses, facilitating GSH activity. GSH exists in the thiol-reduced and disulfide-oxidized (GSSG) forms. Reduced GSH is the prevailing form accounting for >98% of total GSH. The concentrations of GSH and GSSG and their molar ratio are indicators of the functionality of the cell and its alteration is related to various human pathological processes including COVID-19. Oxidative stress plays a prominent role in SARS-CoV-2 infection following recognition of the viral S-protein by angiotensin converting enzyme-2 receptor and pattern recognition receptors like toll-like receptors 2 and 4, and activation of transcription factors like nuclear factor kappa B, that subsequently activate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) expression succeeded by ROS production. GSH depletion may have a fundamental role in COVID-19 pathophysiology, host immune response and disease severity and mortality. Therapies enhancing GSH could become a cornerstone to reduce severity and fatal outcomes of COVID-19 disease and increasing GSH levels may prevent and subdue the disease. The life value of GSH makes for a paramount research field in biology and medicine and may be key against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease.
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Habib TN, Altonsy MO, Ghanem SA, Salama MS, Hosny MAEH. Sulforaphane Enhances the Anticancer Properties of Paclitaxel in Two Human Derived Prostate Cancer Cell Lines.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1552332/v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: In cancer therapy, combined treatment results in additive and synergistic outcomes and reduces the development of drug resistance in response to anticancer agents compared with monotherapy. We propose that when Paclitaxel (Taxol, PTX) is combined with Sulforaphane (SFN), may result in better treatment outcomes in prostate cancer. Understanding the mechanism of drug synergy, as opposed to simply knowing which drugs to combine, enables further optimization of advantageous drug interactions and can provide efficient therapeutic strategies in preclinical research. Methods: We measured apoptosis, cell cycle, and expression of Bax and Bcl2 in response to the PTX and SFN individual and combined treatments. Cell lines (PC-3) and (LNCaP), were individually treated with different concentrations of PTX, SFN, and its combination. Annexin V/PI positivity and data analysis were conducted using a flow cytometer and guava data acquisition and analysis software. Graph-Pad Prism 6, and Microsoft Excel software were used for statistical analyses and graphs generation. Student’s t-tests or one-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s correction were used to determine the significant difference between mono- and combination treatments.Results: The effect of the PTX or SFN treatments on reducing cell viability increased in a dose-dependent manner. Combined treatment enhanced PTX’s effects and reduced the EC50 values of both drugs compared to individual treatments. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that PTX or SFN treatments redistributed cell-cycle phases by inducing S-phase arrest and increasing apoptotic cell population in PC-3 cells. Such effects were enhanced in the PTX+SFN combination group. Interestingly, the necrotic cells were not affected by the combination treatments. Caspase-3 cleavage and morphological deformations of the cell nuclei are signs of apoptotic cell death; such parameters were examined by western blot and fluorescent microscopy in response to mono- and combination treatments.Conclusion: The PTX or SFN differentially modulated the expression of Bax and Bcl2 in PC-3 and LNCaP cell lines, and the combined treatment enhanced these effects in favor of cell apoptosis versus survival. Our data indicated that combination therapy of PTX and SFN significantly increased Bax protein expression and Bax: Bcl2 ratio compared to PTX or SFN individual treatments. Such findings will help develop new biomarkers and guide therapy choices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed Omar Altonsy
- University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine: University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine
| | - Salah Abdelmoneim Ghanem
- Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine: Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine
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Tanase DM, Gosav EM, Anton MI, Floria M, Seritean Isac PN, Hurjui LL, Tarniceriu CC, Costea CF, Ciocoiu M, Rezus C. Oxidative Stress and NRF2/KEAP1/ARE Pathway in Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD): New Perspectives. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091227. [PMID: 36139066 PMCID: PMC9496369 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most debilitating chronic diseases worldwide, with increased prevalence and incidence. In addition to its macrovascular damage, through its microvascular complications, such as Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD), DM further compounds the quality of life of these patients. Considering DKD is the main cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in developed countries, extensive research is currently investigating the matrix of DKD pathophysiology. Hyperglycemia, inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) are the main mechanisms behind this disease. By generating pro-inflammatory factors (e.g., IL-1,6,18, TNF-α, TGF-β, NF-κB, MCP-1, VCAM-1, ICAM-1) and the activation of diverse pathways (e.g., PKC, ROCK, AGE/RAGE, JAK-STAT), they promote a pro-oxidant state with impairment of the antioxidant system (NRF2/KEAP1/ARE pathway) and, finally, alterations in the renal filtration unit. Hitherto, a wide spectrum of pre-clinical and clinical studies shows the beneficial use of NRF2-inducing strategies, such as NRF2 activators (e.g., Bardoxolone methyl, Curcumin, Sulforaphane and their analogues), and other natural compounds with antioxidant properties in DKD treatment. However, limitations regarding the lack of larger clinical trials, solubility or delivery hamper their implementation for clinical use. Therefore, in this review, we will discuss DKD mechanisms, especially oxidative stress (OS) and NRF2/KEAP1/ARE involvement, while highlighting the potential of therapeutic approaches that target DKD via OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Maria Tanase
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Evelina Maria Gosav
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Madalina Ioana Anton
- Department of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- I Rheumatology Clinic, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mariana Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Petronela Nicoleta Seritean Isac
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Loredana Liliana Hurjui
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Physiology Discipline, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Hematology Laboratory, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Claudia Cristina Tarniceriu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I, Discipline of Anatomy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Hematology Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Claudia Florida Costea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- 2nd Ophthalmology Clinic, “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iași, Romania
| | - Manuela Ciocoiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ciprian Rezus
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
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Isothiocyanates (ITCs) 1-(Isothiocyanatomethyl)-4-phenylbenzene and 1-Isothiocyanato-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene—Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Inhibitors, Decreases Cisplatin Tolerance and Migratory Ability of NSCLC. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158644. [PMID: 35955773 PMCID: PMC9369118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main treatment modalities for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is cisplatin-based chemotherapy. However, the acquisition of cisplatin resistance remains a major problem. Existing chemotherapy regimens are often ineffective against cancer cells expressing aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). As such, there is an urgent need for therapies targeting ALDH-positive cancer cells. The present study compares the anticancer properties of 36 structurally diverse isothiocyanates (ITCs) against NSCLC cells with the ALDH inhibitor disulfiram (DSF). Their potential affinity to ALDH isoforms and ABC proteins was assessed using AutoDockTools, allowing for selection of three compounds presenting the strongest affinity to all tested proteins. The selected ITCs had no impact on NSCLC cell viability (at tested concentrations), but significantly decreased the cisplatin tolerance of cisplatin-resistant variant of A549 (A549CisR) and advanced (stage 4) NSCLC cell line H1581. Furthermore, long-term supplementation with ITC 1-(isothiocyanatomethyl)-4-phenylbenzene reverses the EMT phenotype and migratory potential of A549CisR to the level presented by parental A549 cells, increasing E-Cadherin expression, followed by decreased expression of ABCC1 and ALDH3A1. Our data indicates that the ALDH inhibitors DSF and ITCs are potential adjuvants of cisplatin chemotherapy.
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Long-lasting beneficial effects of maternal intake of sulforaphane glucosinolate on gut microbiota in adult offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 109:109098. [PMID: 35788394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests the impact of maternal diet on the health of offspring. We reported that maternal diet of sulforaphane glucosinolate (SGS) could prevent behavioral abnormalities in offspring after maternal immune activation. The present study was designed to investigate whether the dietary intake of SGS during pregnancy and lactation influences the composition of gut microbiota in the offspring. The dietary intake of SGS during pregnancy and lactation caused significant changes in the α-diversity and β-diversity of gut microbiota in 3-week-old offspring (SGS-3W group) and 10-week-old offspring (SGS-10W group). The LEfSe algorithm identified several microbes as important phylotypes in the SGS-3W or SGS-10W groups. Predictive functional metagenomes showed that the maternal intake of SGS caused several KEGG pathways alterations with respect to the genetic information processing and metabolism. Furthermore, the plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the SGS-10W group after the injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS: 0.5 mg/kg) were significantly lower than those of the CON-10W group. It is noteworthy that there were positive correlations between the relative abundance of the genus Blautia and IL-6 (or TNF-α) in adult offspring. Moreover, there were sex differences of gut microbiota composition in offspring. In conclusion, these data suggest that the dietary intake of SGS during pregnancy and lactation might produce long-lasting beneficial effects in adult offspring through the persistent modulation of gut microbiota. It is likely that the modulation of gut microbiota by maternal nutrition may confer resilience versus vulnerability to stress-related psychiatric disorders in the offspring.
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Mahn A, Pérez CE, Zambrano V, Barrientos H. Maximization of Sulforaphane Content in Broccoli Sprouts by Blanching. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131906. [PMID: 35804720 PMCID: PMC9266238 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Broccoli sprouts are a recognized source of health-promoting compounds, such as glucosinolates, glucoraphanin, and sulforaphane (SFN). Maximization of SFN content can be achieved by technological processing. We investigated the effect of blanching conditions to determine the optimal treatment that maximizes sulforaphane content in broccoli sprouts. Broccoli seeds (cv. Traditional) grown under controlled conditions were harvested after 11 days from germination and subjected to different blanching conditions based on a central composite design with temperature and time as experimental factors. Results were analyzed by ANOVA followed by a Tukey test. The optimum conditions were identified through response surface methodology. Blanching increased sulforaphane content compared with untreated sprouts, agreeing with a decrease in total glucosinolates and glucoraphanin content. Temperature significantly affected SFN content. Higher temperatures and shorter immersion times favor glucoraphanin hydrolysis, thus increasing SFN content. The optimum conditions were blanching at 61 °C for 4.8 min, resulting in 54.3 ± 0.20 µmol SFN/g dry weight, representing a 3.3-fold increase with respect to untreated sprouts. This is the highest SFN content reported for sprouts subjected to any treatment so far. The process described in this work may contribute to developing functional foods and nutraceuticals that provide sulforaphane as an active principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9170019, Chile;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-227-181-833
| | - Carmen Elena Pérez
- Department of Agro Industrial Engineering, Pontificia Bolivariana University, Cra. 6 No. 97A-99, Montería 230001, Colombia;
| | - Víctor Zambrano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9170019, Chile;
| | - Herna Barrientos
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9170019, Chile;
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The Role of Organosulfur Compounds as Nrf2 Activators and Their Antioxidant Effects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071255. [PMID: 35883746 PMCID: PMC9311638 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling has become a key pathway for cellular regulation against oxidative stress and inflammation, and therefore an attractive therapeutic target. Several organosulfur compounds are reportedly activators of the Nrf2 pathway. Organosulfur compounds constitute an important class of therapeutic agents in medicinal chemistry due to their ability to participate in biosynthesis, metabolism, cellular functions, and protection of cells from oxidative damage. Sulfur has distinctive chemical properties such as a large number of oxidation states and versatility of reactions that promote fundamental biological reactions and redox biochemistry. The presence of sulfur is responsible for the peculiar features of organosulfur compounds which have been utilized against oxidative stress-mediated diseases. Nrf2 activation being a key therapeutic strategy for oxidative stress is closely tied to sulfur-based chemistry since the ability of compounds to react with sulfhydryl (-SH) groups is a common property of Nrf2 inducers. Although some individual organosulfur compounds have been reported as Nrf2 activators, there are no papers with a collective analysis of these Nrf2-activating organosulfur compounds which may help to broaden the knowledge of their therapeutic potentials and motivate further research. In line with this fact, for the first time, this review article provides collective and comprehensive information on Nrf2-activating organosulfur compounds and their therapeutic effects against oxidative stress, thereby enriching the chemical and pharmacological diversity of Nrf2 activators.
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Kinetic Study and Modeling of Wild-Type and Recombinant Broccoli Myrosinase Produced in E. coli and S. cerevisiae as a Function of Substrate Concentration, Temperature, and pH. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12070683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The myrosinase enzyme hydrolyzes glucosinolates, among which is glucoraphanin, the precursor of the anticancer isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SFN). The main source of glucoraphanin is Brassicaceae; however, its natural concentration is relatively low, limiting the availability of SFN. An option to obtain SFN is its exogenous production, through enzymatic processes and under controlled conditions, allowing complete conversion of glucoraphanin to SFN. We characterized the kinetics of wild-type (BMYR) and recombinant broccoli myrosinases produced in E. coli (EMYR) and S. cerevisiae (SMYR) in terms of the reaction conditions. Kinetics was adjusted using empirical and mechanistic models that describe reaction rate as a function of substrate concentration, temperature, and pH, resulting in R2 values higher than 90%. EMYR kinetics differed significantly from those of BMYR and SMYR probably due to the absence of glycosylations in the enzyme produced in E. coli. BMYR and SMYR were subjected to substrate inhibition but followed different kinetic mechanisms attributed to different glycosylation patterns. EMYR (inactivation Ea = 76.1 kJ/mol) was more thermolabile than BMYR and SMYR. BMYR showed the highest thermostability (inactivation Ea = 52.8 kJ/mol). BMYR and EMYR showed similar behavior regarding pH, with similar pK1 (3.4 and 3.1, respectively) and pK2 (5.4 and 5.0, respectively), but differed considerably from SMYR.
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Wang Z, Tu C, Pratt R, Khoury T, Qu J, Fahey JW, McCann SE, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Hutson AD, Ambrosone CB, Edge SB, Cappuccino HH, Takabe K, Young JS, Tang L. A Presurgical-Window Intervention Trial of Isothiocyanate-Rich Broccoli Sprout Extract in Patients with Breast Cancer. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2101094. [PMID: 35475592 PMCID: PMC9925304 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Dietary isothiocyanates (ITCs) from cruciferous vegetables have shown potent anti-breast cancer activities in preclinical models, but their anticancer effects in vivo in breast cancer patients remain elusive. A proof-of-principle, presurgical window of opportunity trial is conducted to assess the anticancer effects of dietary ITCs in breast cancer patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty postmenopausal breast cancer patients are randomly assigned to receive ITC-rich broccoli sprout extract (BSE) (200 µmol ITC per day) or a placebo for 2 weeks. Expression of biomarkers related to ITCs functions are measured in breast cancer tissue specimens at pre- and post-interventions using immunohistochemistry staining. First morning urine samples are collected at both timepoints for proteomic analysis. Overall, the study shows high compliance (100%) and low toxicity (no grade 4 adverse event). Trends of increase in cleaved caspase 3 and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and trends of decrease in Ki-67 and nuclear to cytoplasm ratio of estrogen receptor (ER)-α are observed in the BSE arm only, consistent with the significantly altered signaling pathways identified in urinary proteomic analysis. CONCLUSIONS Anticancer activities of ITCs are observed in breast cancer patients, supporting the potential beneficial roles of ITC-containing cruciferous vegetables in breast cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinian Wang
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Chengjian Tu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Rachel Pratt
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Thaer Khoury
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Jed W. Fahey
- Departments of Medicine & Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA
| | - Susan E. McCann
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Yuesheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Alan D. Hutson
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Christine B. Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Stephen B. Edge
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Helen H. Cappuccino
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Jessica S. Young
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
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Bahoosh SR, Shokoohinia Y, Eftekhari M. Glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products as potential nutraceuticals to combat cytokine storm in SARS-COV-2. DARU : JOURNAL OF FACULTY OF PHARMACY, TEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 30:245-252. [PMID: 35112323 PMCID: PMC8809497 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-022-00435-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The high mortality rate in severe cases of COVID-19 is mainly due to the strong upregulation of cytokines, called a cytokine storm. Hyperinflammation and multiple organ failure comprise the main clinical features of a cytokine storm. Nrf2 is a transcription factor which regulates the expression of genes involved in immune and inflammatory processes. Furthermore, Nrf2, as a master regulator, controls the activity of NF-κB which binds to the promoter of many pro-inflammatory genes inducible of various inflammatory factors. Inhibition of Nrf2 response was recently demonstrated in biopsies from patients with COVID-19, and Nrf2 agonists inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication across cell lines in vitro. Glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products have excellent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects via the Nrf2 activation pathway, reduction in the NF-κB activation, and subsequent reduced cytokines levels. CONCLUSION Accordingly, these compounds can be helpful in combating the cytokine storm associated with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Rahimi Bahoosh
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yalda Shokoohinia
- Ric Scalzo Institute for Botanical Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ, 85282, USA
| | - Mahdieh Eftekhari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, 6715847141, Kermanshah, Iran. .,Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, P.O.BOX.6714415153, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Parkinson’s Disease and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Particularities of Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Regarding Pathogenesis and Treatment. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051000. [PMID: 35625737 PMCID: PMC9138688 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data suggest that chronic neuroinflammation-mediated neurodegeneration is a significant contributing factor for progressive neuronal and glial cell death in age-related neurodegenerative pathology. Furthermore, it could be encountered as long-term consequences in some viral infections, including post-COVID-19 Parkinsonism-related chronic sequelae. The current systematic review is focused on a recent question aroused during the pandemic’s successive waves: are there post-SARS-CoV-2 immune-mediated reactions responsible for promoting neurodegeneration? Does the host’s dysregulated immune counter-offensive contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, emerging as Parkinson’s disease, in a complex interrelation between genetic and epigenetic risk factors? A synthetic and systematic literature review was accomplished based on the ”Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Principles Reviews and Meta-Analyses” (PRISMA) methodology, including registration on the specific online platform: International prospective register of systematic reviews—PROSPERO, no. 312183. Initially, 1894 articles were detected. After fulfilling the five steps of the selection methodology, 104 papers were selected for this synthetic review. Documentation was enhanced with a supplementary 47 bibliographic resources identified in the literature within a non-standardized search connected to the subject. As a final step of the PRISMA method, we have fulfilled a Population-Intervention-Comparison-Outcome-Time (PICOT)/Population-Intervention-Comparison-Outcome-Study type (PICOS)—based metanalysis of clinical trials identified as connected to our search, targeting the outcomes of rehabilitative kinesitherapeutic interventions compared to clinical approaches lacking such kind of treatment. Accordingly, we identified 10 clinical trials related to our article. The multi/interdisciplinary conventional therapy of Parkinson’s disease and non-conventional multitarget approach to an integrative treatment was briefly analyzed. This article synthesizes the current findings on the pathogenic interference between the dysregulated complex mechanisms involved in aging, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration, focusing on Parkinson’s disease and the acute and chronic repercussions of COVID-19. Time will tell whether COVID-19 neuroinflammatory events could trigger long-term neurodegenerative effects and contribute to the worsening and/or explosion of new cases of PD. The extent of the interrelated neuropathogenic phenomenon remains obscure, so further clinical observations and prospective longitudinal cohort studies are needed.
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Islam MA, Haque MA, Rahman MA, Hossen F, Reza M, Barua A, Marzan AA, Das T, Kumar Baral S, He C, Ahmed F, Bhattacharya P, Jakariya M. A Review on Measures to Rejuvenate Immune System: Natural Mode of Protection Against Coronavirus Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:837290. [PMID: 35371007 PMCID: PMC8965011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, a novel Corona virus strain, was first detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. As of December 16, 2021, almost 4,822,472 people had died and over 236,132,082 were infected with this lethal viral infection. It is believed that the human immune system is thought to play a critical role in the initial phase of infection when the viruses invade the host cells. Although some effective vaccines have already been on the market, researchers and many bio-pharmaceuticals are still working hard to develop a fully functional vaccine or more effective therapeutic agent against the COVID-19. Other efforts, in addition to functional vaccines, can help strengthen the immune system to defeat the corona virus infection. Herein, we have reviewed some of those proven measures, following which a more efficient immune system can be better prepared to fight viral infection. Among these, dietary supplements like- fresh vegetables and fruits offer a plentiful of vitamins and antioxidants, enabling to build of a healthy immune system. While the pharmacologically active components of medicinal plants directly aid in fighting against viral infection, supplementary supplements combined with a healthy diet will assist to regulate the immune system and will prevent viral infection. In addition, some personal habits, like- regular physical exercise, intermittent fasting, and adequate sleep, had also been proven to aid the immune system in becoming an efficient one. Maintaining each of these will strengthen the immune system, allowing innate immunity to become a more defensive and active antagonistic mechanism against corona-virus infection. However, because dietary treatments take longer to produce beneficial effects in adaptive maturation, personalized nutrition cannot be expected to have an immediate impact on the global outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Aminul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh.,Department of Microbiology President Abdul Hamid Medical College, Karimganj, Bangladesh
| | - Md Atiqul Haque
- Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | - Md Arifur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Foysal Hossen
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Mahin Reza
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Abanti Barua
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Marzan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Tuhin Das
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | | | - Cheng He
- Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Firoz Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Prosun Bhattacharya
- COVID-19 Research@KTH, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Md Jakariya
- Department of Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Ordonez AA, Bullen CK, Villabona-Rueda AF, Thompson EA, Turner ML, Merino VF, Yan Y, Kim J, Davis SL, Komm O, Powell JD, D'Alessio FR, Yolken RH, Jain SK, Jones-Brando L. Sulforaphane exhibits antiviral activity against pandemic SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal HCoV-OC43 coronaviruses in vitro and in mice. Commun Biol 2022; 5:242. [PMID: 35304580 PMCID: PMC8933402 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has incited a global health crisis. Currently, there are limited therapeutic options for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections. We evaluated the antiviral activity of sulforaphane (SFN), the principal biologically active phytochemical derived from glucoraphanin, the naturally occurring precursor present in high concentrations in cruciferous vegetables. SFN inhibited in vitro replication of six strains of SARS-CoV-2, including Delta and Omicron, as well as that of the seasonal coronavirus HCoV-OC43. Further, SFN and remdesivir interacted synergistically to inhibit coronavirus infection in vitro. Prophylactic administration of SFN to K18-hACE2 mice prior to intranasal SARS-CoV-2 infection significantly decreased the viral load in the lungs and upper respiratory tract and reduced lung injury and pulmonary pathology compared to untreated infected mice. SFN treatment diminished immune cell activation in the lungs, including significantly lower recruitment of myeloid cells and a reduction in T cell activation and cytokine production. Our results suggest that SFN should be explored as a potential agent for the prevention or treatment of coronavirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro A Ordonez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - C Korin Bullen
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andres F Villabona-Rueda
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Thompson
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mitchell L Turner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vanessa F Merino
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yu Yan
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John Kim
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie L Davis
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Oliver Komm
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan D Powell
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Franco R D'Alessio
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert H Yolken
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sanjay K Jain
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lorraine Jones-Brando
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Huang X, Xu J, Hu Y, Huang K, Luo Y, He X. Broccoli ameliorate NAFLD by increasing lipolysis and promoting liver macrophages polarize toward M2-type. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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44
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Broccoli Myrosinase cDNA Expression in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020233. [PMID: 35204734 PMCID: PMC8961631 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myrosinases (EC 3.2.1.147) are enzymes known for the generation of hydrolysis products that have a potential beneficial effect on human health. Their reaction mechanisms are widely studied, in order to improve and optimize secondary metabolite production processes. In this work, kinetic and biochemical properties of the broccoli myrosinase enzyme produced from its cDNA cloned in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were investigated. The results revealed that the thermal stability of the enzyme produced in S. cerevisiae was slightly higher (30 to 60 °C) than that of myrosinase produced in E. coli (20 to 50 °C). The effect of pH on the enzymatic activity was similar in both enzymes, with pH 3 being the optimum value under the reaction conditions used. The kinetic behavior of both enzymes was adjusted to the Michaelis–Menten model. The catalytic efficiency was up to 4 times higher in myrosinase produced in S. cerevisiae, compared to myrosinase produced in E. coli. The glycosylations present in the enzyme would be related to the formation of a dimeric quaternary structure and would not play an essential role in enzymatic activity, since both enzymes were biologically active. These results will probably allow the development of strategies for the production of bioactive metabolites of medical interest.
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45
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Connolly EL, Sim M, Travica N, Marx W, Beasy G, Lynch GS, Bondonno CP, Lewis JR, Hodgson JM, Blekkenhorst LC. Glucosinolates From Cruciferous Vegetables and Their Potential Role in Chronic Disease: Investigating the Preclinical and Clinical Evidence. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:767975. [PMID: 34764875 PMCID: PMC8575925 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.767975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence highlights the strong potential for a diet rich in fruit and vegetables to delay, and often prevent, the onset of chronic diseases, including cardiometabolic, neurological, and musculoskeletal conditions, and certain cancers. A possible protective component, glucosinolates, which are phytochemicals found almost exclusively in cruciferous vegetables, have been identified from preclinical and clinical studies. Current research suggests that glucosinolates (and isothiocyanates) act via several mechanisms, ultimately exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and chemo-protective effects. This review summarizes the current knowledge surrounding cruciferous vegetables and their glucosinolates in relation to the specified health conditions. Although there is evidence that consumption of a high glucosinolate diet is linked with reduced incidence of chronic diseases, future large-scale placebo-controlled human trials including standardized glucosinolate supplements are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Connolly
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Marc Sim
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nikolaj Travica
- IMPACT-The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- IMPACT-The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Gemma Beasy
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon S Lynch
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Centre for Muscle Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Catherine P Bondonno
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lauren C Blekkenhorst
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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46
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Sulforaphane: A Broccoli Bioactive Phytocompound with Cancer Preventive Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194796. [PMID: 34638282 PMCID: PMC8508555 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As of the past decade, phytochemicals have become a major target of interest in cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic research. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a metabolite of the phytochemical glucoraphanin, which is found in high abundance in cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, watercress, Brussels sprouts, and cabbage. In both distant and recent research, SFN has been shown to have a multitude of anticancer effects, increasing the need for a comprehensive review of the literature. In this review, we critically evaluate SFN as an anticancer agent and its mechanisms of action based on an impressive number of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Abstract There is substantial and promising evidence on the health benefits of consuming broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables. The most important compound in broccoli, glucoraphanin, is metabolized to SFN by the thioglucosidase enzyme myrosinase. SFN is the major mediator of the health benefits that have been recognized for broccoli consumption. SFN represents a phytochemical of high interest as it may be useful in preventing the occurrence and/or mitigating the progression of cancer. Although several prior publications provide an excellent overview of the effect of SFN in cancer, these reports represent narrative reviews that focused mainly on SFN’s source, biosynthesis, and mechanisms of action in modulating specific pathways involved in cancer without a comprehensive review of SFN’s role or value for prevention of various human malignancies. This review evaluates the most recent state of knowledge concerning SFN’s efficacy in preventing or reversing a variety of neoplasms. In this work, we have analyzed published reports based on in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies to determine SFN’s potential as a chemopreventive agent. Furthermore, we have discussed the current limitations and challenges associated with SFN research and suggested future research directions before broccoli-derived products, especially SFN, can be used for human cancer prevention and intervention.
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47
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Krause K, Pyrczak-Felczykowska A, Karczewska M, Narajczyk M, Herman-Antosiewicz A, Szalewska-Pałasz A, Nowicki D. Dietary Isothiocyanates, Sulforaphane and 2-Phenethyl Isothiocyanate, Effectively Impair Vibrio cholerae Virulence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10187. [PMID: 34638525 PMCID: PMC8508596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae represents a constant threat to public health, causing widespread infections, especially in developing countries with a significant number of fatalities and serious complications every year. The standard treatment by oral rehydration does not eliminate the source of infection, while increasing antibiotic resistance among pathogenic V. cholerae strains makes the therapy difficult. Thus, we assessed the antibacterial potential of plant-derived phytoncides, isothiocyanates (ITC), against V. cholerae O365 strain. Sulforaphane (SFN) and 2-phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) ability to inhibit bacterial growth was assessed. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values indicate that these compounds possess antibacterial activity and are also effective against cells growing in a biofilm. Tested ITC caused accumulation of stringent response alarmone, ppGpp, which indicates induction of the global stress response. It was accompanied by bacterial cytoplasm shrinkage, the inhibition of the DNA, and RNA synthesis as well as downregulation of the expression of virulence factors. Most importantly, ITC reduced the toxicity of V. cholerae in the in vitro assays (against Vero and HeLa cells) and in vivo, using Galleria mellonella larvae as an infection model. In conclusion, our data indicate that ITCs might be considered promising antibacterial agents in V. cholerae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudyna Krause
- Department of Bacterial Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (K.K.); (M.K.); (A.S.-P.)
| | | | - Monika Karczewska
- Department of Bacterial Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (K.K.); (M.K.); (A.S.-P.)
| | - Magdalena Narajczyk
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Anna Herman-Antosiewicz
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Szalewska-Pałasz
- Department of Bacterial Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (K.K.); (M.K.); (A.S.-P.)
| | - Dariusz Nowicki
- Department of Bacterial Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (K.K.); (M.K.); (A.S.-P.)
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Shirey KA, Blanco JCG, Vogel SN. Targeting TLR4 Signaling to Blunt Viral-Mediated Acute Lung Injury. Front Immunol 2021; 12:705080. [PMID: 34282358 PMCID: PMC8285366 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.705080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections have been a long-standing global burden ranging from seasonal recurrences to the unexpected pandemics. The yearly hospitalizations from seasonal viruses such as influenza can fluctuate greatly depending on the circulating strain(s) and the congruency with the predicted strains used for the yearly vaccine formulation, which often are not predicted accurately. While antiviral agents are available against influenza, efficacy is limited due to a temporal disconnect between the time of infection and symptom development and viral resistance. Uncontrolled, influenza infections can lead to a severe inflammatory response initiated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or host-derived danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that ultimately signal through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Overall, these pathogen-host interactions result in a local cytokine storm leading to acute lung injury (ALI) or the more severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with concomitant systemic involvement and more severe, life threatening consequences. In addition to traditional antiviral treatments, blocking the host's innate immune response may provide a more viable approach to combat these infectious pathogens. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic illustrates a critical need for novel treatments to counteract the ALI and ARDS that has caused the deaths of millions worldwide. This review will examine how antagonizing TLR4 signaling has been effective experimentally in ameliorating ALI and lethal infection in challenge models triggered not only by influenza, but also by other ALI-inducing viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Ann Shirey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Stefanie N. Vogel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
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49
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González F, Quintero J, Del Río R, Mahn A. Optimization of an Extraction Process to Obtain a Food-Grade Sulforaphane-Rich Extract from Broccoli ( Brassica oleracea var. italica). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134042. [PMID: 34279379 PMCID: PMC8272218 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a powerful health-promoting compound found in broccoli in the form of its inactive precursor, glucoraphanin (GFN). SFN formation occurs through the enzymatic hydrolysis of glucoraphanin by myrosinase under specific chemical conditions. Its incorporation in food formulations has been hindered by the thermal instability of SFN and low concentration in Brassicaceae. Then, extracting SFN from broccoli at a temperature below 40 °C appears as an option to recover and stabilize SFN, aiming at delivering it as a nutraceutical. We studied an eco-friendly extraction process to obtain an SFN-rich extract from broccoli. The effect of the broccoli mass/solvent ratio, ethanol concentration in the extractant solution, and extraction time on the recovery of SFN, GFN, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity were studied through a Box–Behnken design. The regression models explained more than 70% of the variability in the responses, adequately representing the system. The experimental factors differently affected the bioactive compound recovery and antioxidant activity of the extracts. The extraction conditions that allowed the highest recovery of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity were identified and experimentally validated. The results may provide the basis for the design of a process to produce a sulforaphane-rich food supplement or nutraceutical by using a GRAS extractant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis González
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9160000, Chile; (F.G.); (J.Q.)
| | - Julián Quintero
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9160000, Chile; (F.G.); (J.Q.)
| | - Rodrigo Del Río
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC), Santiago 3542000, Chile;
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
| | - Andrea Mahn
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9160000, Chile; (F.G.); (J.Q.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2-27181833
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50
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Dkhil MA, Al-Shaebi EM, Alazzouni AS, Al-Quraishy S, Khalil M. Murine liver response to Allium sativum treatment during infection induced-trypanosomiasis. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3270-3274. [PMID: 34121864 PMCID: PMC8176036 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic injury induced by trypanosomiasis is one of the major health problems not only to human but also to wild and domestic animals. This study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective role of Allium sativum extract (ASE) against Trypanosoma evansi infection in mice. Animals were divided into 4 groups. Group I received only saline while group II received ASE (20 mg/Kg). Animals of group III and group IV were infected with T. evansi. The latter group was treated with ASE. The infrared spectroscopic analysis of A. sativum extract exhibited bands between 3700 cm-1 and 599 cm-1. On day 4 post T. evansi infection, ASE decreased the parasitemia by about 15 fold. Also, ASE regulated the number of erythrocytes and leucocytes and the hemoglobin content. In addition, the histopathological damage was reduced after treatment with ASE. Moreover, the oxidant and the antioxidant markers (glutathione, malondialdehyde and catalase) were regulated in the infected-treated animals. Collectively, the results proved the protective role of ASE against T. evansi infection in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Dkhil
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Egypt
- Corresponding author at: Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Esam M. Al-Shaebi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S. Alazzouni
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Egypt
| | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Khalil
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Egypt
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