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Fan Q, Zhao R, Chen Y, Chi L, Huang Y, Liu M, Shi G. Affinity purification of mAb from serum-containing hybridoma culture supernatant through a novel nanobody that discriminates mouse IgG from bovine IgG by recognizing the mouse kappa constant region (mCK). J Chromatogr A 2024; 1724:464929. [PMID: 38669942 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
When purifying mAb from serum-containing hybridoma culture supernatant, it is essential that mouse IgG remains free from contaminations of bovine IgG. However, the broadly used Protein A resin cannot achieve this goal due to binding between both mouse and bovine IgG. Here, a novel nanobody-based affinity purification magnetic beads that discriminates mouse IgG from bovine IgG was developed. To bind all subtypes of mouse IgG (IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3) that contain the kappa light chain, mCK (mouse kappa constant region)-specific nanobody binders were selected from an immune phage display VHH library; this library was constructed with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), which were collected from Bactrian camels immunized with a mix of intact mouse IgGs (IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3). A novel clone that exhibited a higher expression level and a higher binding affinity was selected (4E6). Then, the 4E6 nanobody in the format of VHH-hFC (human Fc) was conjugated on magnetic beads with a maximal binding capacity of 15.41±0.69 mg mouse IgG/mL beads. Furthermore, no bovine IgG could be copurified from hybridoma culture supernatant with immunomagnetic beads. This approach is valuable for the large-scale in vitro production of highly pure antibodies by hybridoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Fan
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Beijing Scipromed Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing 102200, PR China
| | - Yinuo Chen
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Lida Chi
- Beijing Scipromed Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing 102200, PR China
| | - Yonglin Huang
- Beijing Scipromed Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing 102200, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Beijing Scipromed Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing 102200, PR China
| | - Guoqing Shi
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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2
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Liu G, Wang J, Wang J, Cui X, Wang K, Chen M, Yang Z, Gao A, Shen Y, Zhang Q, Gao G, Cui D. Deep-learning assisted zwitterionic magnetic immunochromatographic assays for multiplex diagnosis of biomarkers. Talanta 2024; 273:125868. [PMID: 38458085 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-based immunochromatographic tests (ICTs) display long-term stability and an enhanced capability for multiplex biomarker detection, surpassing conventional gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and fluorescence-based ICTs. In this study, we innovatively developed zwitterionic silica-coated MNPs (MNP@Si-Zwit/COOH) with outstanding antifouling capabilities and effectively utilised them for the simultaneous identification of the nucleocapsid protein (N protein) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A/B. The carboxyl-functionalised MNPs with 10% zwitterionic ligands (MNP@Si-Zwit 10/COOH) exhibited a wide linear dynamic detection range and the most pronounced signal-to-noise ratio when used as probes in the ICT. The relative limit of detection (LOD) values were achieved in 12 min by using a magnetic assay reader (MAR), with values of 0.0062 ng/mL for SARS-CoV-2 and 0.0051 and 0.0147 ng/mL, respectively, for the N protein of influenza A and influenza B. By integrating computer vision and deep learning to enhance the image processing of immunoassay results for multiplex detection, a classification accuracy in the range of 0.9672-0.9936 was achieved for evaluating the three proteins at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1, and 10 ng/mL. The proposed MNP-based ICT for the multiplex diagnosis of biomarkers holds substantial promise for applications in both medical institutions and self-administered diagnostic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Liu
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Junhao Wang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Jiulin Wang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Xinyuan Cui
- Radiology Department of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Kan Wang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Mingrui Chen
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Ziyang Yang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Ang Gao
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Yulan Shen
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, PR China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Guo Gao
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai, 200241, PR China; Henan Medical School, Henan University, Henan, 475004, PR China.
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3
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Sagdat K, Batyrkhan A, Kanayeva D. Exploring monkeypox virus proteins and rapid detection techniques. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1414224. [PMID: 38863833 PMCID: PMC11165096 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1414224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Monkeypox (mpox) is an infectious disease caused by the mpox virus and can potentially lead to fatal outcomes. It resembles infections caused by viruses from other families, challenging identification. The pathogenesis, transmission, and clinical manifestations of mpox and other Orthopoxvirus species are similar due to their closely related genetic material. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of the roles of various proteins, including extracellular enveloped virus (EEV), intracellular mature virus (IMV), and profilin-like proteins of mpox. It also highlights recent diagnostic techniques based on these proteins to detect this infection rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Damira Kanayeva
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
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Chen X, Huang X, Kanwal S, Wang J, Wen J, Zhang D. A Portable Fluorescent Lateral Flow Immunoassay Platform for Rapid Detection of FluA. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:263. [PMID: 38920567 PMCID: PMC11201603 DOI: 10.3390/bios14060263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The spread of the FluA virus poses significant public health concerns worldwide. Fluorescent lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) test strips have emerged as vital tools for the early detection and monitoring of influenza infections. However, existing quantitative virus-detection methods, particularly those utilizing smartphone-based sensing platforms, encounter accessibility challenges in resource-limited areas and among the elderly population. Despite their advantages in speed and portability, these platforms often lack user-friendliness for these demographics, impeding their widespread utilization. To address these challenges, this study proposes leveraging the optical pick-up unit (OPU) sourced from commercial optical drives as a readily available fluorescence excitation module for the quantitative detection of antibodies labeled with quantum-dot fluorescent microspheres. Additionally, we utilize miniaturized and high-performance optical components and 3D-printed parts, along with a customized control system, to develop an affordable point-of-care testing (POCT) device. Within the system, a stepping motor scans the test strip from the T-line to the C-line, enabling the calculation of the fluorescence-intensity ratio between the two lines. This simple yet effective design facilitates rapid and straightforward field or at-home testing for FluA. The proposed prototype platform demonstrates promising performance, achieving a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.91 ng/mL, a total detection time of no more than 15 min, and dimensions of 151 mm × 11.2 mm × 10.8 mm3. We believe that the proposed approach holds great potential for improving access to an accurate influenza diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (X.C.); (X.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (D.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xuhui Huang
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (X.C.); (X.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (D.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Saima Kanwal
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (X.C.); (X.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (D.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (X.C.); (X.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (D.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jing Wen
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (X.C.); (X.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (D.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (X.C.); (X.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (D.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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5
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Vindeirinho JM, Oliveira R, Pinho E, Guiomar R, Azevedo NF, Almeida C. The potential of tailed amplicons for SARS-CoV-2 detection in Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow Assays. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301234. [PMID: 38728290 PMCID: PMC11086916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow Assays (NALFAs) are a promising solution for the point-of-care detection of viruses like SARS-CoV-2. However, they show some drawbacks, such as the great dependency on the use of antibodies and the need for post-amplification protocols that enable the preparation of amplicons for effective readings, as well as low sensitivity. Here, we developed amplicons of a specific SARS-CoV-2 gene tailed with single-strand DNA (ssDNA) sequences to hybridize with DNA probes immobilized on the NALFA strips, thus overcoming the aforementioned problems. Results have shown that tailed primers have not compromised the amplification efficiency and allowed the correct detection of the amplicons in the lateral flow strip. This approach has presented a limit of detection (LOD) of 25 RNA copies /reaction mix (1 copy/μL) and the test of cross-reactivity with other related viruses has not shown any cross-reactivity. Twenty clinical samples were evaluated by NALFA and simultaneously compared with the gold standard RT-qPCR protocol, originating equal results. Although the number of clinical specimens tested being relatively small, this indicates a sensitivity and specificity both of 100%. In short, an alternative NALFA was successfully implemented, rendering an accurate route for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, compatible with low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- João M. Vindeirinho
- I.P–National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, INIAV, Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vairão, Portugal
- Faculty of Engineering, LEPABE–Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Engineering, ALiCE–Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Oliveira
- I.P–National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, INIAV, Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vairão, Portugal
- Faculty of Engineering, LEPABE–Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Engineering, ALiCE–Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eva Pinho
- I.P–National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, INIAV, Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vairão, Portugal
- Faculty of Engineering, LEPABE–Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Engineering, ALiCE–Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Guiomar
- INSA, I.P–National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno F. Azevedo
- Faculty of Engineering, LEPABE–Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Engineering, ALiCE–Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carina Almeida
- I.P–National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, INIAV, Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vairão, Portugal
- Faculty of Engineering, LEPABE–Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Engineering, ALiCE–Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
- Center of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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6
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Ye L, Lei X, Xu X, Xu L, Kuang H, Xu C. Gold-based paper for antigen detection of monkeypox virus. Analyst 2023; 148:985-994. [PMID: 36722989 DOI: 10.1039/d2an02043b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In 2022, the outbreak of the monkeypox virus occurred in many non-endemic countries, and the World Health Organization (WHO) assessed that this outbreak was "atypical". The establishment of a rapid and effective assay that can be used for the early diagnosis of monkeypox virus infection is crucial for outbreak prevention and control. In this study, the monkeypox virus A29 protein and the homologous vaccinia virus A27 protein and cowpox virus 162 protein were expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 for screening. We synthesized the monkeypox virus A2917-49 peptide as the immunogen and obtained 25 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the A29 protein using mouse hybridoma techniques. Then an immunochromatographic test strip method for detecting A29 was established. The strips utilizing mAb-7C5 and 5D8 showed the best sensitivity and lowest limit of detection: 50 pg mL-1 for purified A29 and specificity tests showed that the strips did not cross-react with other orthopox viruses (vaccinia virus or cowpox virus) as well as common respiratory pathogens (SARS-CoV-2, influenza A and influenza B). Therefore, this method can be used for early and rapid diagnosis of monkeypox virus infection by antigen detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China. .,International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianlu Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China. .,International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China. .,International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liguang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China. .,International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China. .,International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China. .,International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- David Love
- United States Drug Enforcement Administration, Special Testing and Research Laboratory, USA
| | - Nicole S. Jones
- RTI International, Applied Justice Research Division, Center for Forensic Sciences, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 22709-2194, USA,70113th Street, N.W., Suite 750, Washington, DC, 20005-3967, USA,Corresponding author. RTI International, Applied Justice Research Division, Center for Forensic Sciences, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 22709-2194, USA.
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8
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The Utilization of Tunable Transducer Elements Formed by the Manipulation of Magnetic Beads with Different Sizes via Optically Induced Dielectrophoresis (ODEP) for High Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNRs) and Multiplex Fluorescence-Based Biosensing Applications. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090755. [PMID: 36140140 PMCID: PMC9496456 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic beads improve biosensing performance by means of their small volume and controllability by magnetic force. In this study, a new technique composed of optically induced dielectrodphoresis (ODEP) manipulation and image processing was used to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of the fluorescence for stained magnetic beads. According to natural advantages of size-dependent particle isolation by ODEP manipulation, biomarkers in clinical samples can be easily separated by different sizes of magnetic beads with corresponding captured antibodies, and rapidly distinguished by separated location of immunofluorescence. To verify the feasibility of the concept, magnetic beads with three different diameters, including 21.8, 8.7, and 4.2 μm, were easily separated and collected into specific patterns in the defined target zone treated as three dynamic transducer elements to evaluate fluorescence results. In magnetic beads with diameter of 4.2 μm, the lowest signal-to-noise ratio between stained and nonstained magnetic beads was 3.5. With the help of ODEP accumulation and detection threshold setting of 32, the signal-to-noise ratio was increased to 77.4, which makes this method more reliable. With the further optimization of specific antibodies immobilized on different-size magnetic beads in the future, this platform can be a potential candidate for a high-efficiency sensor array in clinical applications.
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A Novel Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay for Rapid and Simultaneous Detection of Aflatoxin B1 and Zearalenone in Food and Feed Samples Based on Highly Sensitive and Specific Monoclonal Antibodies. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090615. [PMID: 36136553 PMCID: PMC9505352 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous aflatoxin (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZEN) contamination in agro-products have become widespread globally and have a toxic superposition effect. In the present study, we describe a highly sensitive and specific dual lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (dual test strip) for rapid and simultaneous detection of AFB1 and ZEN in food and feed samples based on respective monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Two immunogens AFB1-BSA (an AFB1 and bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate) and ZEN-BSA (a ZEN and BSA conjugate) were synthesized in oximation active ester (OAE) and amino glutaraldehyde (AGA). The molecular binding ratio of AFB1:BSA was 8.64:1, and that of ZEN:BSA was 17.2:1, identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and an ultraviolet spectrometer (UV). The hybridoma cell lines 2A11, 2F6, and 3G2 for AFB1 and 2B6, 4D9 for ZEN were filtered by an indirect non-competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (inELISA) and an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA), respectively. As AFB1 mAb 2A11 and ZEN mAb 2B6 had the lowest 50% inhibitive concentration (IC50) and cross-reactivity (CR), they were selected for subsequent experiments. By systematically optimizing the preparation condition of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), AuNPs-labeled mAbs, and detection condition, the visual limit of detection (LOD) of the dual test strip was 1.0 μg/L for AFB1 and 5.0 μg/L for ZEN, whereas that of the test strip reader was 0.23 μg/L for AFB1 and 1.53 μg/L for ZEN. The high reproducibility and stability of the dual test were verified using mycotoxin-spiked samples. The dual test strips were highly specific and sensitive for AFB1 and ZEN, which were validated using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Thus, the proposed AFB1 and ZEN dual test strip is suitable for rapid and simultaneous detection of AFB1 and ZEN contamination in food and feed samples.
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Asghari S, Ekrami E, Barati F, Avatefi M, Mahmoudifard M. The role of the nanofibers in lateral flow assays enhancement: a critical review. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2022.2090360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Asghari
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Elena Ekrami
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Barati
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Manizheh Avatefi
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Matin Mahmoudifard
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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11
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Advances on Bioanalysis: Recent Approaches in the Determination of Biomarkers, Drugs of Abuse and Medicines. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103188. [PMID: 35630663 PMCID: PMC9145858 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Unique Properties of Surface-Functionalized Nanoparticles for Bio-Application: Functionalization Mechanisms and Importance in Application. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12081333. [PMID: 35458041 PMCID: PMC9031869 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This review tries to summarize the purpose of steadily developing surface-functionalized nanoparticles for various bio-applications and represents a fascinating and rapidly growing field of research. Due to their unique properties—such as novel optical, biodegradable, low-toxicity, biocompatibility, size, and highly catalytic features—these materials are considered superior, and it is thus vital to study these systems in a realistic and meaningful way. However, rapid aggregation, oxidation, and other problems are encountered with functionalized nanoparticles, inhibiting their subsequent utilization. Adequate surface modification of nanoparticles with organic and inorganic compounds results in improved physicochemical properties which can overcome these barriers. This review investigates and discusses the iron oxide nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, platinum nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, and silica-coated nanoparticles and how their unique properties after fabrication allow for their potential use in a wide range of bio-applications such as nano-based imaging, gene delivery, drug loading, and immunoassays. The different groups of nanoparticles and the advantages of surface functionalization and their applications are highlighted here. In recent years, surface-functionalized nanoparticles have become important materials for a broad range of bio-applications.
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Bikkarolla SK, McNamee SE, Vance P, McLaughlin J. High-Sensitive Detection and Quantitative Analysis of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Using Gold-Nanoshell-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassay Device. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:182. [PMID: 35323452 PMCID: PMC8946628 DOI: 10.3390/bios12030182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been used as signal reporters in colorimetric lateral flow immunoassays (LFAs) for decades. However, it remains a major challenge to significantly improve the detection sensitivity of traditional LFAs due to the low brightness of AuNPs. As an alternative approach, we overcome this problem by utilizing 150 nm gold nanoshells (AuNSs) that were engineered by coating low-density silica nanoparticles with a thin layer of gold. AuNSs are dark green, have 14 times larger surface area, and are approximately 35 times brighter compared to AuNPs. In this study, we used detection of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in a proof-of-concept assay. The limit of detection (LOD) with AuNS-based LFA was 0.16 µIU/mL, which is 26 times more sensitive than the conventional colorimetric LFA that utilizes AuNP as a label. The dynamic range of the calibration curve was 0.16−9.5 µIU/mL, making it possible to diagnose both hyperthyroidism (<0.5 µIU/mL) and hypothyroidism (>5 µIU/mL) using AuNS-based LFA. Thus, the developed device has a strong potential for early screening and diagnosis of diseases related to the thyroid hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Bikkarolla
- School of Engineering, Engineering Research Institute, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK;
| | - Sara E. McNamee
- School of Engineering, Engineering Research Institute, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK;
| | - Paul Vance
- Randox Laboratories Ltd., 55 Diamond Road, Crumlin, County Antrim BT29 4QY, UK;
| | - James McLaughlin
- School of Engineering, Engineering Research Institute, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK;
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14
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Lee SH, Oh TK, Oh S, Kim S, Noh HB, Vinod N, Lee JY, Moon ES, Choi CW. Development of a Kit for Rapid Immunochromatographic Detection of Sacbrood Virus Infecting Apis cerana (AcSBV) Based on Polyclonal and Monoclonal Antibodies Raised against Recombinant VP1 and VP2 Expressed in Escherichia coli. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122439. [PMID: 34960707 PMCID: PMC8707083 DOI: 10.3390/v13122439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A Korean isolate of the sacbrood virus infecting Apis cerana (AcSBV-Kor) is the most destructive honeybee virus, causing serious economic damage losses in Korean apiculture. To address this, here, we attempted to develop an assay for the rapid detection of AcSBV-Kor based on immunochromatographic detection of constituent viral proteins. Genes encoding VP1 and VP2 proteins of AcSBV-Kor were cloned into an expression vector (pET-28a) and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). During purification, recombinant VP1 (rVP1) and VP2 (rVP2) proteins were found in the insoluble fraction, with a molecular size of 26.7 and 24.9 kDa, respectively. BALB/c mice immunized with the purified rVP1 and rVP2 produced polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) such as pAb-rVP1 and pAb-rVP2. Western blot analysis showed that pAb-rVP1 strongly reacted with the homologous rVP1 but weakly reacted with heterologous rVP2. However, pAb-rVP2 strongly reacted not only with the homologous rVP2 but also with the heterologous rVP1. Spleen cells of the immunized mice fused with SP2/0-Ag14 myeloma cells produced monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) such as mAb-rVP1-1 and mAb-rVP2-13. Western blot analysis indicated that pAb-rVP1, pAb-rVP2, mAb-rVP1-1, and mAb-rVP2-13 reacted with AcSBV-infected honeybees and larvae as well as the corresponding recombinant proteins. These antibodies were then used in the development of a rapid immunochromatography (IC) strip assay kit with colloidal gold coupled to pAb-rVP1 and pAb-rVP2 at the conjugate pad and mAb-rVP1-1 and mAb-rVP2-13 at the test line. One antibody pair, pAb-rVP1/mAb-VP1-1, showed positive reactivity as low as 1.38 × 103 copies, while the other pair, pAb-rVP2/mAb-VP2-13, showed positive reactivity as low as 1.38 × 104 copies. Therefore, the antibody pair pAb-rVP1/mAb-VP1-1 was selected as a final candidate for validation. To validate the detection of AcSBV, the IC strip tests were conducted with 50 positive and 50 negative samples and compared with real-time PCR tests. The results confirm that the developed IC assay is a sufficiently sensitive and specific detection method for user-friendly and rapid detection of AcSBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Hee Lee
- Department of Biology & Medicinal Science, Pai Chai University, Daejeon 35345, Korea; (S.H.L.); (S.O.); (S.K.); (H.B.N.); (N.V.); (J.Y.L.); (E.S.M.)
| | | | - Sung Oh
- Department of Biology & Medicinal Science, Pai Chai University, Daejeon 35345, Korea; (S.H.L.); (S.O.); (S.K.); (H.B.N.); (N.V.); (J.Y.L.); (E.S.M.)
| | - Seongdae Kim
- Department of Biology & Medicinal Science, Pai Chai University, Daejeon 35345, Korea; (S.H.L.); (S.O.); (S.K.); (H.B.N.); (N.V.); (J.Y.L.); (E.S.M.)
| | - Han Byul Noh
- Department of Biology & Medicinal Science, Pai Chai University, Daejeon 35345, Korea; (S.H.L.); (S.O.); (S.K.); (H.B.N.); (N.V.); (J.Y.L.); (E.S.M.)
| | - Nagarajan Vinod
- Department of Biology & Medicinal Science, Pai Chai University, Daejeon 35345, Korea; (S.H.L.); (S.O.); (S.K.); (H.B.N.); (N.V.); (J.Y.L.); (E.S.M.)
| | - Ji Yoon Lee
- Department of Biology & Medicinal Science, Pai Chai University, Daejeon 35345, Korea; (S.H.L.); (S.O.); (S.K.); (H.B.N.); (N.V.); (J.Y.L.); (E.S.M.)
| | - Eun Sun Moon
- Department of Biology & Medicinal Science, Pai Chai University, Daejeon 35345, Korea; (S.H.L.); (S.O.); (S.K.); (H.B.N.); (N.V.); (J.Y.L.); (E.S.M.)
| | - Chang Won Choi
- Department of Biology & Medicinal Science, Pai Chai University, Daejeon 35345, Korea; (S.H.L.); (S.O.); (S.K.); (H.B.N.); (N.V.); (J.Y.L.); (E.S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-520-5617
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15
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Chu H, Liu C, Liu J, Yang J, Li Y, Zhang X. Recent advances and challenges of biosensing in point-of-care molecular diagnosis. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2021; 348:130708. [PMID: 34511726 PMCID: PMC8424413 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2021.130708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular diagnosis, which plays a major role in infectious disease screening with successful understanding of the human genome, has attracted more attention because of the outbreak of COVID-19 recently. Since point-of-care testing (POCT) can expand the application of molecular diagnosis with the benefit of rapid reply, low cost, and working in decentralized environments, many researchers and commercial institutions have dedicated tremendous effort and enthusiasm to POCT-based biosensing for molecular diagnosis. In this review, we firstly summarize the state-of-the-art techniques and the construction of biosensing systems for POC molecular diagnosis. Then, the application scenarios of POCT-based biosensing for molecular diagnosis were also reviewed. Finally, several challenges and perspectives of POC biosensing for molecular diagnosis are discussed. This review is expected to help researchers deepen comprehension and make progresses in POCT-based biosensing field for molecular diagnosis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Chu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Conghui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Jinsen Liu
- Shenzhen ENCO Instrument Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yingchun Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
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16
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Moulahoum H, Ghorbanizamani F, Timur S. Paper-based lateral flow assay using rhodamine B-loaded polymersomes for the colorimetric determination of synthetic cannabinoids in saliva. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:402. [PMID: 34731326 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05062-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoids are one of the many substances of abuse widely spreading in modern society. Medical practitioners and law enforcement alike highly seek portable, efficient, and reliable tools for on-site detection and diagnostics. Here, we propose a colorimetric lateral flow assay (LFA) combined with dye-loaded polymersome to detect the synthetic cannabinoid JWH-073 efficiently. Rhodamine B-loaded polymersome was conjugated to antibodies and fully characterized. Two LFA were proposed (sandwich and competitive), showing a high level of sensitivity with a limit of detection (LOD) reaching 0.53 and 0.31 ng/mL, respectively. The competitive assay was further analyzed by fluorescence, where the LOD reached 0.16 ng/mL. The application of the LFA over spiked synthetic saliva or real human saliva demonstrated an overall response of 94% for the sandwich assay and 97% for the competitive LFA. The selectivity of the system was assessed in the presence of various interferents. The analytical performance of the LFA system showed a coefficient of variation below 6%. The current LFA system appears as a plausible system for non-invasive detection of substance abuse and shows promise for synthetic cannabinoid on-site sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Moulahoum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100-Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Faezeh Ghorbanizamani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100-Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Suna Timur
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100-Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
- Central Research Test and Analysis Laboratory Application and Research Center, Ege University, 35100-Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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