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Sardarabadi H, Darvishi MH, Zohrab F, Javadi H. Nanophytomedicine: A promising practical approach in phytotherapy. Phytother Res 2024; 38:3607-3644. [PMID: 38725270 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The long and rich history of herbal therapeutic nutrients is fascinating. It is incredible to think about how ancient civilizations used plants and herbs to treat various ailments and diseases. One group of bioactive phytochemicals that has gained significant attention recently is dietary polyphenols. These compounds are commonly found in a variety of fruits, vegetables, spices, nuts, drinks, legumes, and grains. Despite their incredible therapeutic properties, one challenge with polyphenols is their poor water solubility, stability, and bioavailability. This means that they are not easily absorbed by the body when consumed in essential diets. Because of structural complexity, polyphenols with high molecular weight cannot be absorbed in the small intestine and after arriving in the colon, they are metabolized by gut microbiota. However, researchers are constantly working on finding solutions to enhance the bioavailability and absorption of these compounds. This study aims to address this issue by applying nanotechnology approaches to overcome the challenges of the therapeutic application of dietary polyphenols. This combination of nanotechnology and phytochemicals could cause a completely new field called nanophytomedicine or herbal nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Sardarabadi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Darvishi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zohrab
- Department of Medical Science, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Javadi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jiang Z, Huang B, Cui Z, Lu Z, Ma H. Synergistic effect of genistein and adiponectin reduces fat deposition in chicken hepatocytes by activating the ERβ-mediated SIRT1-AMPK signaling pathway. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103734. [PMID: 38636201 PMCID: PMC11040169 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with bioactive substances that can regulate lipid metabolism is an effective approach for reducing excessive fat deposition in chickens. Genistein (GEN) has the potential to alleviate fat deposition; however, the underlying mechanism of GEN's fat-reduction action in chickens remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of GEN on the reduction of fat deposition from a novel perspective: intercellular transmission of adipokine between adipocytes and hepatocytes. The findings showed that GEN enhanced the secretion of adiponectin (APN) in chicken adipocytes, and the enhancement effect of GEN was completely blocked when the cells were pretreated with inhibitors targeting estrogen receptor β (ERβ) or proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) signals, respectively. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that both co-treatment with GEN and APN or treatment with the medium supernatant (Med SUP) derived from chicken adipocytes treated with GEN significantly decreased the content of triglyceride and increased the protein levels of ERβ, Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and phosphor-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) in chicken hepatocytes compared to the cells treated with GEN or APN alone. Moreover, the increase in the protein levels of SIRT1 and p-AMPK induced by GEN and APN co-treatment or Med SUP treatment were blocked in chicken hepatocytes pretreated with the inhibitor of ERβ signals. Importantly, the up-regulatory effect of GEN and APN co-treatment or Med SUP treatment on the protein level of p-AMPK was also blocked in chicken hepatocytes pretreated with a SIRT1 inhibitor; however, the increase in the protein level of SIRT1 induced by GEN and APN co-treatment or Med SUP treatment was not reversed when the hepatocytes were pretreated with an AMPK inhibitor. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that GEN enhanced APN secretion by activating the ERβ-Erk-PPARγ signaling pathway in chicken adipocytes. Subsequently, adipocyte-derived APN synergized with GEN to activate the ERβ-mediated SIRT1-AMPK signaling pathway in chicken hepatocytes, ultimately reducing fat deposition. These findings provide substantial evidence from a novel perspective, supporting the potential use of GEN as a dietary supplement to prevent excessive fat deposition in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Benzeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ziyi Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ze Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haitian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Senaldi L, Hassan N, Cullen S, Balaji U, Trigg N, Gu J, Finkelstein H, Phillips K, Conine C, Smith-Raska M. Khdc3 Regulates Metabolism Across Generations in a DNA-Independent Manner. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.27.582278. [PMID: 38464133 PMCID: PMC10925209 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.27.582278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Genetic variants can alter the profile of heritable molecules such as small RNAs in sperm and oocytes, and in this manner ancestral genetic variants can have a significant effect on offspring phenotypes even if they are not themselves inherited. Here we show that wild type female mice descended from ancestors with a mutation in the mammalian germ cell gene Khdc3 have hepatic metabolic defects that persist over multiple generations. We find that genetically wild type females descended from Khdc3 mutants have transcriptional dysregulation of critical hepatic metabolic genes, which persist over multiple generations and pass through both female and male lineages. This was associated with dysregulation of hepatically-metabolized molecules in the blood of these wild type mice with mutational ancestry. The oocytes of Khdc3-null females, as well as their wild type descendants, had dysregulation of multiple small RNAs, suggesting that these epigenetic changes in the gametes transmit the phenotype between generations. Our results demonstrate that ancestral mutation in Khdc3 can produce transgenerational inherited phenotypes, potentially indefinitely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Senaldi
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nora Hassan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean Cullen
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Uthra Balaji
- Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natalie Trigg
- Departments of Genetics and Paediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jinghua Gu
- Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hailey Finkelstein
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn Phillips
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Colin Conine
- Departments of Genetics and Paediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Smith-Raska
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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4
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Wei Y, Liu Y, Li G, Guo Y, Zhang B. Effects of quercetin and genistein on egg quality, lipid profiles, and immunity in laying hens. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:207-214. [PMID: 37552763 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After the peak laying stage, laying hens become susceptible to lipid accumulation and inflammatory reactions. The objective of this experiment was to examine the impact of quercetin and genistein on egg quality and lipid profiles in laying hens. A total of 240 Hy-Line Brown hens were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments. Each treatment had eight replicates, with ten hens in each replicate, and the hens were aged between 46 and 56 weeks. The test diets consisted of a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet, a basal diet supplemented with 300 mg kg-1 quercetin, and a basal diet supplemented with 300 mg kg-1 quercetin and 40 mg kg-1 genistein. RESULTS Results showed that, separately, supplemental quercetin significantly improved egg quality (eggshell strength, albumen height, and Haugh unit, P < 0.05) and reduced the deposition of abdominal fat (P < 0.05). Our findings also showed that, separately or as a combination, supplemental quercetin and genistein significantly increased eggshell thickness (P < 0.05), decreased the levels of lipids in serum (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, total triglycerides, and non-esterified fatty acids, P < 0.05) and significantly increased serum immunoglobulins A and G (P < 0.05), and promoted the expression of splenic immune-related genes (IgA and IL-4, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study confirmed that supplemental quercetin and genistein, either separately or in combination, can enhance eggshell thickness, lipid profiles, and immune function in aging hens. Moreover, both quercetin alone and quercetin + genistein exhibited similar abilities to lower lipid levels and improve immune function. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongfa Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingkun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Smiriglia A, Lorito N, Serra M, Perra A, Morandi A, Kowalik MA. Sex difference in liver diseases: How preclinical models help to dissect the sex-related mechanisms sustaining NAFLD and hepatocellular carcinoma. iScience 2023; 26:108363. [PMID: 38034347 PMCID: PMC10682354 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Only a few preclinical findings are confirmed in the clinic, posing a critical issue for clinical development. Therefore, identifying the best preclinical models can help to dissect molecular and mechanistic insights into liver disease pathogenesis while being clinically relevant. In this context, the sex relevance of most preclinical models has been only partially considered. This is particularly significant in NAFLD and HCC, which have a higher prevalence in men when compared to pre-menopause women but not to those in post-menopausal status, suggesting a role for sex hormones in the pathogenesis of the diseases. This review gathers the sex-relevant findings and the available preclinical models focusing on both in vitro and in vivo studies and discusses the potential implications and perspectives of introducing the sex effect in the selection of the best preclinical model. This is a critical aspect that would help to tailor personalized therapies based on sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Smiriglia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Nicla Lorito
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Marina Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Andrea Perra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Andrea Morandi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Marta Anna Kowalik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
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Cao Y, Fang X, Sun M, Zhang Y, Shan M, Lan X, Zhu D, Luo H. Preventive and therapeutic effects of natural products and herbal extracts on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Phytother Res 2023; 37:3867-3897. [PMID: 37449926 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common condition that is prevalent in patients who consume little or no alcohol, and is characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver. The disease is becoming increasingly common with the rapid economic development of countries. Long-term accumulation of excess fat can lead to NAFLD, which represents a global health problem with no effective therapeutic approach. NAFLD is a complex, multifaceted pathological process that has been the subject of extensive research over the past few decades. Herbal medicines have gained attention as potential therapeutic agents to prevent and treat NAFLD due to their high efficacy and low risk of side effects. Our overview is based on a PubMed and Web of Science database search as of Dec 22 with the keywords: NAFLD/NASH Natural products and NAFLD/NASH Herbal extract. In this review, we evaluate the use of herbal medicines in the treatment of NAFLD. These natural resources have the potential to inform innovative drug research and the development of treatments for NAFLD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxue Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyang Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yegang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mengyao Shan
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xintian Lan
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Difu Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haoming Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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7
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Zhao C, Shi J, Shang D, Guo M, Zhou C, Zhao W. Protective effect of phytoestrogens on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in postmenopausal women. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1237845. [PMID: 37719855 PMCID: PMC10502324 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1237845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a progressive metabolic disease characterized by hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis that seriously endangers global public health. Epidemiological studies have shown that the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in postmenopausal women has significantly increased. Studies have shown that estrogen deficiency is the main reason for this situation, and supplementing estrogen has become a new direction for preventing the occurrence of postmenopausal fatty liver. However, although classical estrogen replacement therapy can reduce the incidence of postmenopausal NAFLD, it has the risk of increasing stroke and cardiovascular diseases, so it is not suitable for the treatment of postmenopausal NAFLD. More and more recent studies have provided evidence that phytoestrogens are a promising method for the treatment of postmenopausal NAFLD. However, the mechanism of phytoestrogens in preventing and treating postmenopausal NAFLD is still unclear. This paper summarizes the clinical and basic research evidence of phytoestrogens and reviews the potential therapeutic effects of phytoestrogens in postmenopausal NAFLD from six angles: enhancing lipid metabolism in liver and adipose tissue, enhancing glucose metabolism, reducing oxidative stress, reducing the inflammatory response, regulating intestinal flora, and blocking liver fibrosis (Graphical Abstract).
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Affiliation(s)
- ChenLu Zhao
- First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - JunHao Shi
- First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - DongFang Shang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Min Guo
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - WenXia Zhao
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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LIU X, MA K, TAO W, XU Z, LIU G, HU C, MAO W, GU C, GUO Q. Natural products for treatment of premature ovarian failure: a narrative review. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2023; 43:606-617. [PMID: 37147765 PMCID: PMC10133964 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20230227.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a female reproductive system disease caused by many factors and systems, which has seriously affected the quality of life of women of childbearing age. Clinically, the disease is difficult to treat while its incidence rate shows an increasing trend. In recent years, natural products used as multi-pathway, multi-target and efficient drugs, have become the focus of many research and clinical studies in China and abroad, and the effect of phytochemicals derived from edible plants and Chinese medicine herbs on POF were investigated in several papers. Using "premature ovarian failure" or "ovary" and related natural products as keywords, we retrieved and reviewed research articles from China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Wanfang, PubMed, Web of Science and other literature databases. Up to October, 2021, natural compounds with prophylactic or interference inhibition effects on POF mainly included flavonoids, polysaccharides, saponins, and polyphenols. Their effect on POF and ovarian function was closely related to their antioxidant, antiapoptotic, antiaging, immunoregulatory and estrogen-like activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling LIU
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Kun MA
- 3 Department of Gynecology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wenhua TAO
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Zhongkun XU
- 4 State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222047, China
| | - Gang LIU
- 2 School of Medical, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Chunyan HU
- 2 School of Medical, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Weiwei MAO
- 2 School of Medical, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Chang GU
- 2 School of Medical, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qi GUO
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
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Zhang CY, Liu S, Yang M. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents in chronic liver diseases: Molecular mechanisms and therapy. World J Hepatol 2023; 15:180-200. [PMID: 36926234 PMCID: PMC10011909 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i2.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a continuous process that causes a reduction of liver function lasting more than six months. CLD includes alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), chronic viral infection, and autoimmune hepatitis, which can lead to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and cancer. Liver inflammation and oxidative stress are commonly associated with the development and progression of CLD. Molecular signaling pathways such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), C-Jun N-terminal kinase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of CLD. Therefore, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents from natural products are new potent therapies for ALD, NAFLD, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this review, we summarize some powerful products that can be potential applied in all the stages of CLD, from ALD/NAFLD to HCC. The selected agents such as β-sitosterol, curcumin, genistein, and silymarin can regulate the activation of several important molecules, including AMPK, Farnesoid X receptor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2, PPARs, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, and lysyl oxidase-like proteins. In addition, clinical trials are undergoing to evaluate their efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ye Zhang
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Shuai Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
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Murine Fibroblasts and Primary Hepatocytes as Tools When Studying the Efficacy of Potential Therapies for Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010534. [PMID: 36613977 PMCID: PMC9820816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a metabolic genetic disease caused by the deficiency of a lysosomal enzyme involved in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) degradation. MPS I cells have a constant level of GAG synthesis, but disturbed degradation means that GAGs accumulate progressively, impairing cell metabolism. GAG metabolism can be modulated by flavonoids, and these are being studied as therapeutics for MPS. We have optimised the protocol for obtaining fibroblasts and hepatocytes from the MPS I murine model and characterised the cells for their suitability as an in vitro model for testing compounds with therapeutic potential. Methods: Murine primary hepatocytes and fibroblasts were used as a cellular model to study the effect of genistein, biochanin A, and kaempferol on the modulation of the GAG synthesis process. Flavonoids were used individually as well as in two-component mixtures. There were no statistically significant differences in GAG synthesis levels from cell types obtained from either wild-type or MPS I mice. We also showed that MPS I fibroblasts and hepatocytes store GAGs, which makes them useful in vitro models for testing the effectiveness of substrate reduction therapies. Furthermore, tested flavonoids had a different impact on GAG synthesis depending on cell type and whether they were used alone or in a mixture. The tested flavonoids reduce GAG synthesis more effectively in fibroblasts than in hepatocytes, regardless of whether they are used individually or in a mixture. Flavonoids modulate the level of GAG synthesis differently depending on cell types, therefore in vitro experiments performed to assess the effectiveness of potential therapies for metabolic diseases should be carried out using more than one cell model, and only such an approach will allow for full answering scientific questions.
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11
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Scheffschick A, Babel J, Sperling S, Nerusch J, Herzog N, Seehofer D, Damm G. Primary-like Human Hepatocytes Genetically Engineered to Obtain Proliferation Competence as a Capable Application for Energy Metabolism Experiments in In Vitro Oncologic Liver Models. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081195. [PMID: 36009822 PMCID: PMC9405410 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Fatty liver disease is an increasing health concern in Westernized countries. A fatty liver can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a type of liver cancer arising from hepatocytes, the major cells of the liver. How HCC may develop from the fatty liver is not known, and good cellular systems to investigate this are lacking. Recently, hepatocytes that can multiply continuously have been generated and suggested for hepatocyte research. In this study, we compared these continuously multiplying human hepatocytes to normal human hepatocytes and liver cancer cells, both within the state of fatty liver or not. We identified that these multiplying hepatocytes displayed many similarities to the liver cancer cells in terms of energy metabolism and concluded that these hepatocytes could be a pre-cancer model for liver cancer research and would be a valuable tool for HCC research. Abstract Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by lipid accumulation in the liver, is the most common cause of liver diseases in Western countries. NAFLD is a major risk factor for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, in vitro evaluation of hepatic cancerogenesis fails due to a lack of liver models displaying a proliferation of hepatocytes. Originally designed to overcome primary human hepatocyte (PHH) shortages, upcyte hepatocytes were engineered to obtain continuous proliferation and, therefore, could be a suitable tool for HCC research. We generated upcyte hepatocytes, termed HepaFH3 cells, and compared their metabolic characteristics to HepG2 hepatoma cells and PHHs isolated from resected livers. For displaying NAFLD-related HCCs, we induced steatosis in all liver models. Lipid accumulation, lipotoxicity and energy metabolism were characterized using biochemical assays and Western blot analysis. We showed that proliferating HepaFH3 cells resemble HepG2, both showing a higher glucose uptake rate, lactate levels and metabolic rate compared to PHHs. Confluent HepaFH3 cells displayed some similarities to PHHs, including higher levels of the transaminases AST and ALT compared to proliferating HepaFH3 cells. We recommend proliferating HepaFH3 cells as a pre-malignant cellular model for HCC research, while confluent HepaFH3 cells could serve as PHH surrogates for energy metabolism studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scheffschick
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jonas Babel
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Sperling
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Nerusch
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Natalie Herzog
- Faculty of Science, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Seehofer
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Damm
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-341-97-39656
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Fan X, Han J, Zhang F, Chen W. Red yeast rice: a functional food used to reduce hyperlipidemia. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2043894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangcheng Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Han
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, China
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Garbiec E, Cielecka-Piontek J, Kowalówka M, Hołubiec M, Zalewski P. Genistein-Opportunities Related to an Interesting Molecule of Natural Origin. Molecules 2022; 27:815. [PMID: 35164079 PMCID: PMC8840253 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, increasingly more attention is being paid to a holistic approach to health, in which diet contributes to disease prevention. There is growing interest in functional food that not only provides basic nutrition but has also been demonstrated to be an opportunity for the prevention of disorders. A promising functional food is soybean, which is the richest source of the isoflavone, genistein. Genistein may be useful in the prevention and treatment of such disorders as psoriasis, cataracts, cystic fibrosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes. However, achievable concentrations of genistein in humans are low, and the use of soybean as a functional food is not devoid of concerns, which are related to genistein's potential side effects resulting from its estrogenic and goitrogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Garbiec
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Święcickiego St., 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (E.G.); (P.Z.)
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Święcickiego St., 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (E.G.); (P.Z.)
| | - Magdalena Kowalówka
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 42 Marcelińska St., 60-354 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Hołubiec
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33 St., 60-572 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Zalewski
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Święcickiego St., 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (E.G.); (P.Z.)
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St Aubin CR, Fisher AL, Hernandez JA, Broderick TL, Al-Nakkash L. Mitigation of MAFLD in High Fat-High Sucrose-Fructose Fed Mice by a Combination of Genistein Consumption and Exercise Training. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:2157-2172. [PMID: 35911503 PMCID: PMC9329575 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s358256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is fueled by escalations in both sedentary behavior and caloric intake and is noted in obese type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients. This study aimed to examine the effects of exercise and the phytoestrogen genistein in mice fed a high fat (60% fat) high sugar (55% fructose with 45% sucrose), HFHS diet. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to five groups: HFHS, HFHS with genistein (600 mg/kg diet, HFHS+Gen), HFHS with moderate exercise (HFHS+Ex), and HFHS with combined genistein and moderate exercise (HFHS-Gen+Ex). Control lean mice were fed standard chow and water. Exercise consisted of 30-minute sessions of treadmill running five days/week for the 12-week study duration. Body weight was assessed weekly. Liver, kidney, fecal pellets and serum were extracted at the end of the study and maintained at -80°C. RESULTS After 12 weeks of treatment, mice in the HFHS group had the highest hepatic lipid content. Plasma levels of glucose, insulin, leptin, cholesterol, amylin, and total fat content were significantly elevated in HFHS mice compared to control mice. HFHS feeding increased protein expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b (CPT-1b isoform) in gastrocnemius, CPT1a, glucose transporter protein 2 (GLUT2), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1 (FBP1) expression in liver. Exercise alone had minor effects on these metabolic abnormalities. Genistein alone resulted in improvements in body weight, fat content, amylin, insulin sensitivity, and liver histopathology, GR, FBP1, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1). Combination treatment resulted in additional metabolic improvements, including reductions in hepatic lipid content and lipid area, alanine transferase activity, CPT1b, and CPT1a. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that a HFHS diet is obesogenic, inducing metabolic perturbations consistent with T2DM and MAFLD. Genistein alone and genistein combined with moderate intensity exercise were effective in reducing MAFLD and the aberrations induced by chronic HFHS feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaheyla R St Aubin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA
| | - Amy L Fisher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA
| | - Jose A Hernandez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA
| | - Tom L Broderick
- Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Exercise Metabolism, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA
| | - Layla Al-Nakkash
- Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA
- Correspondence: Layla Al-Nakkash, Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 19555 North 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA, Tel +1 623 572 3719, Fax +1 623 572 3673, Email
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Genistein Regulates Lipid Metabolism via Estrogen Receptor β and Its Downstream Signal Akt/mTOR in HepG2 Cells. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114015. [PMID: 34836271 PMCID: PMC8622023 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein (GEN) has been shown to significantly inhibit hepatic triglyceride accretion triggered by estrogen deficiency. The main purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the function and molecular mechanism of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism induced by GEN. Different doses of GEN or GEN with an ERβ antagonist were treated with HepG2 cells. Results showed that 25 μM GEN significantly diminished triglyceride levels. Meanwhile, GEN downregulated the levels of genes and proteins involved in lipogenesis, such as sterol-regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1), and upregulated the gene and protein levels of the regulation factors responsible for fatty acid β-oxidation, such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α (CPT-1α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). Furthermore, 25 μM GEN reduced the levels of phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Moreover, most of these effects from GEN were reverted by pretreatment with the antagonist of ERβ. In conclusion, GEN improved hepatic lipid metabolism by activating ERβ and further modulation of Akt/mTOR signals. The results provide novel aspects of the regulatory mechanism of ERβ on hepatic lipid metabolism and might help to profoundly understand the functions of food-derived phytoestrogens in preventing and treating hepatic steatosis in postmenopausal women.
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