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Goda MS, El-Kattan N, Abdel-Azeem MA, Allam KAM, Badr JM, Nassar NA, Almalki AJ, Alharbi M, Elhady SS, Eltamany EE. Antimicrobial Potential of Different Isolates of Chaetomium globosum Combined with Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Chemical Profiling. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1683. [PMID: 38136556 PMCID: PMC10742071 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic microorganisms against commercial drugs has become a major problem worldwide. This study is the first of its kind to be carried out in Egypt to produce antimicrobial pharmaceuticals from isolated native taxa of the fungal Chaetomium, followed by a chemical investigation of the existing bioactive metabolites. Here, of the 155 clinical specimens in total, 100 pathogenic microbial isolates were found to be multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. The Chaetomium isolates were recovered from different soil samples, and wild host plants collected from Egypt showed strong inhibitory activity against MDR isolates. Chaetomium isolates displayed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against C. albicans, Gram-positive, and Gram-negative bacteria, with inhibition zones of 11.3 to 25.6 mm, 10.4 to 26.0 mm, and 10.5 to 26.5 mm, respectively. As a consecutive result, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of Chaetomium isolates ranged from 3.9 to 62.5 µg/mL. Liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis was performed for selected Chaetomium isolates with the most promising antimicrobial potential against MDR bacteria. The LC-MS/MS analysis of Chaetomium species isolated from cultivated soil at Assuit Governate, Upper Egypt (3), and the host plant Zygophyllum album grown in Wadi El-Arbaein, Saint Katherine, South Sinai (5), revealed the presence of alkaloids as the predominant bioactive metabolites. Most detected bioactive metabolites previously displayed antimicrobial activity, confirming the antibacterial potential of selected isolates. Therefore, the Chaetomium isolates recovered from harsh habitats in Egypt are rich sources of antimicrobial metabolites, which will be a possible solution to the multi-drug resistant bacteria tragedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa S. Goda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (M.S.G.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Noura El-Kattan
- Department of Microbiology, Research Institute of Medical Entomology, General Organization for Teaching Hospitals and Institutes, Giza 11562, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed A. Abdel-Azeem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Industries, Sinai University, Al-Arish, North Sinai 45511, Egypt;
| | - Kamilia A. M. Allam
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute of Medical Entomology, General Organization for Teaching Hospitals and Institutes, Giza 11562, Egypt;
| | - Jihan M. Badr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (M.S.G.); (J.M.B.)
| | | | - Ahmad J. Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.J.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Majed Alharbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.J.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Sameh S. Elhady
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enas E. Eltamany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (M.S.G.); (J.M.B.)
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2
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El Baakili A, Fadil M, Es-Safi NE. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction for phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Moroccan Retama sphaerocarpa L. leaves: Simultaneous optimization by response surface methodology and characterization by HPLC/ESI-MS analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17168. [PMID: 37342583 PMCID: PMC10277595 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of Moroccan Retama sphaerocarpa extracts using response surface methodology (RSM). A central composite design has been conducted to investigate the effects of three factors: extraction period (X1), solvent concentration (X2), and solvent-to-material ratio (X3) on extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC), flavonoids content (TFC), and antioxidant activity. The obtained results showed that the experimental values agreed with the predicted ones, confirming the capacity of the used model for optimizing the extraction conditions. The best extraction conditions for the simultaneous optimization were an extraction time of 38 min, a solvent concentration of 58%, and a solvent-to-material ratio of 30 mL/g. Under these conditions, the optimized values of yield, TPC, TFC, and DPPH-radical scavenging activity (DPPHIC50) were 18.91%, 154.09 mg GAE/g, 23.76 mg QE/g, and 122.47 μg/mL, respectively. The further HPLC/ESI-MS analysis of the obtained optimized extract revealed the presence of 14 phenolic compounds with piscidic acid, vitexin, and quinic acid as major compounds. These research findings indicate promising applications for efficiently extracting polyphenolic antioxidants, especially in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aafaf El Baakili
- Mohammed V University in Rabat, LPCMIO, Materials Science Center (MSC), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mouhcine Fadil
- Mohammed V University in Rabat, LPCMIO, Materials Science Center (MSC), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 2202, Road of Imouzzer, Fez, Morocco
| | - Nour Eddine Es-Safi
- Mohammed V University in Rabat, LPCMIO, Materials Science Center (MSC), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Rabat, Morocco
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3
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Zhao H, Shi C, Liu Z, Zhao L, Shen L. Evaluating the Effect of Microcrystalline Cellulose Variations on Tablet Quality of Natural Plant Product Using a Design of Experiment Approach. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:113. [PMID: 37127722 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02556-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) of different grades from different manufacturers differ in particulate and powder properties significantly. The choice of MCC is important to the development of a tablet formulation with satisfactory quality. In this study, the effects of five different MCCs (KG 802, Pharmacel 102, MC 302, M 200, and PH 112) that had different compactibility and tablet disintegration on the tablet quality of two different natural plant products (NPPs) were evaluated systematically, including Crataegi Folium ethanol extract (CF-E) and Sarcandrae Herba water extract (SH-W). The result of D-optimal mixture designs demonstrated that KG 802 showed the best ability to improve compression properties and tensile strength, followed by Pharmacel 102, MC 302, and M 200. PH 112 did the weakest. However, MCCs of different grades had no different influence on the disintegration of NPP tablets. Similar results were found in the experiments of the two different NPP powders, suggesting the generalization of the finding. Moreover, KG 802-containing CF-E formulations showed the largest optimum region size, that is, the lowest production risk. The design space sizes of SH-W were hardly sensitive to the change of MCCs, due to the better tabletability. In conclusion, the properties of MCCs could transfer to the high NPP loading (70%) formulations, leading to the variations on the compression properties and tablet quality. The poorer the tabletability of NPP, the more obvious the variation. The result is promising for the use of MCC and the manufacturing of high drug-loading NPP tablets by direct compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200, Cai-Lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuting Shi
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200, Cai-Lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenda Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200, Cai-Lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijie Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200, Cai-Lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lan Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200, Cai-Lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
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Wang P, Chi J, Guo H, Wang SX, Wang J, Xu EP, Dai LP, Wang ZM. Identification of Differential Compositions of Aqueous Extracts of Cinnamomi Ramulus and Cinnamomi Cortex. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052015. [PMID: 36903261 PMCID: PMC10004064 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinnamomi ramulus (CR) and Cinnamomi cortex (CC), both sourced from Cinnamomum cassia Presl, are commonly used Chinese medicines in the Chinese Pharmacopeia. However, while CR functions to dissipate cold and to resolve external problems of the body, CC functions to warm the internal organs. To clarify the material basis of these different functions and clinical effects, a simple and reliable UPLC-Orbitrap-Exploris-120-MS/MS method combined with multivariate statistical analyses was established in this study with the aim of exploring the difference in chemical compositions of aqueous extracts of CR and CC. As the results indicated, a total of 58 compounds was identified, including nine flavonoids, 23 phenylpropanoids and phenolic acids, two coumarins, four lignans, four terpenoids, 11 organic acids and five other components. Of these compounds, 26 significant differential compounds were identified statistically including six unique components in CR and four unique components in CC. Additionally, a robust HPLC method combined with hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) was developed to simultaneously determine the concentrations and differentiating capacities of five major active ingredients in CR and CC: coumarin, cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamic acid, 2-methoxycinnamic acid and cinnamaldehyde. The HCA results showed that these five components could be used as markers for successfully distinguishing CR and CC. Finally, molecular docking analyses were conducted to obtain the affinities between each of the abovementioned 26 differential components, focusing on targets involved in diabetes peripheral neuropathy (DPN). The results indicated that the special and high-concentration components in CR showed high docking scores of affinities with targets such as HbA1c and proteins in the AMPK-PGC1-SIRT3 signaling pathway, suggesting that CR has greater potential than CC for treating DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials in Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jun Chi
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials in Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials in Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Shun-Xiang Wang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials in Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials in Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Er-Ping Xu
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials in Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Li-Ping Dai
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials in Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Correspondence: (L.-P.D.); (Z.-M.W.); Tel.: +86-187-0365-1652 (L.-P.D.)
| | - Zhi-Min Wang
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials in Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Correspondence: (L.-P.D.); (Z.-M.W.); Tel.: +86-187-0365-1652 (L.-P.D.)
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Tao H, Zhao Y, Li L, He Y, Zhang X, Zhu Y, Hong G. Comparative metabolomics of flavonoids in twenty vegetables reveal their nutritional diversity and potential health benefits. Food Res Int 2023; 164:112384. [PMID: 36737968 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Vegetables are rich in flavonoids and are widely consumed in our daily life. However, comprehensive information on flavonoids components in vegetable varieties and the distribution of flavonoids with health-promoting effects in different vegetables are rarely investigated. Here, we analyzed the constitution of flavonoids among 20 vegetables by widely-targeted metabolome analysis. A total of 403 flavonoids were detected and classified as flavonoid, flavonols, anthocyanins, isoflavones, flavonoid carbonoside, dihydroflavone, chalcones, flavanols, dihydroflavonol, tannin, proanthocyanidins, and other flavonoids. Interestingly, we found that the content and types of flavonoids in bean sprouts and hot pepper were relatively abundant, whereas those were lower in carrot, lettuce, and Zizania latifolia. Then, we characterized the representative flavonoids including flavonoid, flavonols, chalcones, and isoflavones, and related them to the health-promoting effects of vegetables. Finally, we examined the relevance of the flavonoids to antioxidant capacity. Both bean sprouts and hot pepper possessed higher antioxidant enzyme activity, which were responsible for their great antioxidant capacity. Our study established a database of major flavonoids components in vegetables and further provides a new hint for the selection and breeding of vegetables based on their health-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Linying Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yuqing He
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Gaojie Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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Optimization of Ursolic Acid Extraction in Oil from Annurca Apple to Obtain Oleolytes with Potential Cosmeceutical Application. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020224. [PMID: 36829781 PMCID: PMC9952326 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) is a plant-derived molecule with relevant anti-aging activity, which makes this molecule a potential functional active ingredient in cosmetic formulations. The main objectives of this study were to optimize the UA extraction process from Annurca apple (AA) with sunflower oil as a lyophilic food-grade solvent using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to determine the potential cosmetic application of the obtained extract. The results of RSM analysis showed a maximum UA yield of 784.40 ± 7.579 (μg/mL) obtained under the following optimized conditions: sunflower oil as extraction solvent, 68.85 °C as extraction temperature, and 63 h as extraction time. The HPLC-DAD-HESI-MS/MS analysis performed on the extract obtained under these conditions, named Optimized Annurca Apple Oleolyte (OAAO), led to the identification of twenty-three phenolic and terpenoid molecules and the quantification of eight of them. To explore the biological properties of OAAO, the in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, resulting in 16.63 ± 0.22, 5.90 ± 0.49, and 21.72 ± 0.68 μmol Trolox equivalent/g extract, respectively. Moreover, the permeation study has shown that OAAO may be considered a safe and functional ingredient in potential cosmetic formulations.
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Lee YH, Lee NR, Lee CH. Comprehensive Metabolite Profiling of Four Different Beans Fermented by Aspergillus oryzae. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227917. [PMID: 36432017 PMCID: PMC9695057 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fermented bean products are used worldwide; most of the products are made using only a few kinds of beans. However, the metabolite changes and contents in the beans generally used during fermentation are unrevealed. Therefore, we selected four different beans (soybean, Glycine max, GM; wild soybean, Glycine soja, GS; common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, PV; and hyacinth bean, Lablab purpureus, LP) that are the most widely consumed and fermented with Aspergillus oryzae. Then, metabolome and multivariate statistical analysis were performed to figure out metabolite changes during fermentation. In the four beans, carbohydrates were decreased, but amino acids and fatty acids were increased in the four beans as they fermented. The relative amounts of amino acids were relatively abundant in fermented PV and LP as compared to other beans. In contrast, isoflavone aglycones (e.g., daidzein, glycitein, and genistein) and DDMP-conjugated soyasaponins (e.g., soyasaponins βa and γg) were increased in GM and GS during fermentation. Notably, these metabolite changes were more significant in GS than GM. In addition, the increase of antioxidant activity in fermented GS was significant compared to other beans. We expect our research provides a basis to extend choice for bean fermentation for consumers and food producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Hee Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Rae Lee
- Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (N.-R.L.); (C.H.L.); Tel.: +82-2-2049-6177 (C.H.L.)
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (N.-R.L.); (C.H.L.); Tel.: +82-2-2049-6177 (C.H.L.)
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The Hypolipidemic Effect of Hawthorn Leaf Flavonoids through Modulating Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in Hyperlipidemic Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3033311. [PMID: 36425260 PMCID: PMC9681556 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3033311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential mechanisms of the lipid-regulating effects and the effect on modulating the gut microbiota of hawthorn leaf flavonoids (HLF) in the high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Methods. The hypolipidemic effect of HLF was investigated in the high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats. The action targets of HLF in the treatment of hyperlipidemia were predicted by network pharmacology and KEGG enrichment bubble diagram, which were verified by the test of western blotting. Meanwhile, we used 16S rRNA sequencing to evaluate the effects of HLF on the microbes. Results. The results of animal experiments showed that HLF could reduce the body weight and regulate the levels of serum lipid in high-fat diet (HFD) rats. Meanwhile, for the related targets of cholesterol metabolism, HLF could significantly upregulate the expression of LDLR, NR1H3, and ABCG5/ABCG8; reduce the expression of PCSK9; and increase the level of CYP7A1 in the intestinal tissue, whereas cholesterol biosynthetic protein expressions including HMGCR and SCAP were lowered by HLF. In addition, HLF increased the activities of plasma SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px and decreased the levels of Casp 1, NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α, improving the degree of hepatocyte steatosis and inflammatory infiltration of rats. Notably, HLF significantly regulated the relative abundance of major bacteria such as g_Lactobacillus, g_Anaerostipes, g_[Eubacterium]_hallii_group, g_Fusicatenibacter, g_Akkermansia, and g_Collinsella. Synchronously, we found that HLF could regulate the disorder of plasma HEPC and TFR levels caused by HFD. Conclusion. This study demonstrates that HLF can regulate metabolic hyperlipidemia syndromes and modulate the relative abundance of major bacteria, which illustrated that it might be associated with the modulation of gut microbiota composition and metabolites.
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Shao D, Gao G, Abubakar AS, Hazaisi H, Chen P, Chen J, Chen K, Wang X, Wang Y, Chen Y, Yu C, Zhu A. Total Flavonoids Extracts of Apocynum L. from the Ili River Valley Region at Different Harvesting Periods and Bioactivity Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:7343. [PMID: 36364168 PMCID: PMC9655940 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, the total content from two Apocynum species leaves (Apocynum venetum and Apocynum hendersonii) collected from the Ili River Valley Region were extracted, and their bioactivities were investigated. The results showed a significant variation in the total flavonoid contents in the leaf samples collected at different periods (June, July, August, and September), with the highest content in August (60.11 ± 0.38 mg RE/g DW for A. venetum and 56.56 ± 0.24 mg RE/g DW for A. hendersonii), and the lowest in June (22.36 ± 0.05 mg RE/g DW for A. venetum and 20.79 ± 0.02 mg RE/g DW for A. hendersonii). The total flavonoid content was comparably higher in A. venetum than in A. hendersonii. Leaves extracts from the two species demonstrated strong bioactivity, which positively correlated with the total flavonoid contents. The anti-oxidative activity of A. venetum was higher than that of A. hendersonii in tandem with its higher flavonoid contents; the antibacterial activity, however, was conversely opposite. Furthermore, a total of 83 flavonoid metabolites were identified in the two species based on UPLC-ESI-MS/MS, out of which 24 metabolites were differentially accumulated. The variability in these metabolites might be the reason for the different bioactivities displayed by the two species. The present study provides insight into the optimal harvest time for Apocynum species planted in the major distribution area of the Ili River Valley and the specific utilization of A. venetum and A. hendersonii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyi Shao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Gang Gao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Aminu Shehu Abubakar
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
- Department of Agronomy, Bayero University Kano, Kano P.M.B. 3011, Nigeria
| | - Hanipa Hazaisi
- Ili Agricultural Science Institute, Yining 835100, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Jikang Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Kunmei Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Chunming Yu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Aiguo Zhu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Processing for Bast Fiber Crops, Changsha 410221, China
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10
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Tao H, Li L, He Y, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Wang Q, Hong G. Flavonoids in vegetables: improvement of dietary flavonoids by metabolic engineering to promote health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3220-3234. [PMID: 36218329 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2131726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are the most abundant polyphenols in plants, and have antioxidant effects as well as other bioactivities (e.g., anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-allergic, and neuroprotective effects). Vegetables are rich in flavonoids and are indispensable in our daily diet. Moreover, the vegetables as chassis for producing natural products would emerge as a promising means for cost-effective and sustainable production of flavonoids. Understanding the metabolic engineering of flavonoids in vegetables allows us to improve their nutrient composition. In this review, a comprehensive overview of flavonoids in vegetables, including the characterized types and distribution, health-promoting effects, associated metabolic pathways, and applied metabolic engineering are provided. We also introduce breakthroughs in multi-omics approaches that pertain to the elucidation of flavonoids metabolism in vegetables, as well as prospective and potential genome-editing technologies. Based on the varied composition and content of flavonoids among vegetables, dietary suggestions are further provided for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Tao
- Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linying Li
- Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqing He
- Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gaojie Hong
- Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Zheng W, Zhou M, Chai RP, Liang HZ, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Zheng XH, Jin Y, Guo BL, Ma BP. Quality analysis of hawthorn leaves (the leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var major N.E.Br) in different harvest time. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:1147-1155. [PMID: 35908761 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Harvest time plays an important role on the quality of medicinal plants. The leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var major N.E.Br (hawthorn leaves) could be harvested in summer and autumn according to the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (Pharmacopoeia). However, little is known about the difference of the chemical constituents in hawthorn leaves with the harvest seasonal variations. OBJECTIVE The chemical constituents of hawthorn leaves in different months were comprehensively analysed to determine the best harvest time. METHODS Initially, the chemical information of the hawthorn leaves were obtained by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Subsequently, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to compare the chemical compositions of hawthorn leaves harvested in different months. Then, an absolute quantitation method was established using high-performance liquid chromatography-charged aerosol detector (HPLC-CAD) to determine the contents of five compounds and clarify the changes of these components with the harvest seasonal variations. Meanwhile, a semi-quantitative method by integrating HPLC-CAD with inverse gradient compensation was also established and verified. RESULTS Fifty-eight compounds were identified through UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. PCA revealed that the harvest season of hawthorn leaves had a significant effect on the chemical compositions. The contents of five components were relatively high in autumn. Other four main components without reference standards were further analysed through the semi-quantitative method, which also showed a high content in autumn. CONCLUSIONS This work emphasised the effect of harvest time on the chemical constituents of hawthorn leaves and autumn is recommended to ensure the quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Thermo Fisher Scientific (China), Shanghai, China
| | - Bao-Lin Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bai-Ping Ma
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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Wang ZY, Xiong H, Duan LY, Wang CF, Du YL, Hong X, Zha HH, Pan HF. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS based metabolomics study of hawthorn leaves in different geographical regions. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:5458-5466. [PMID: 34734931 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01150b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The quality evaluation of hawthorn leaves in different geographical regions derived from the dried leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. Var. Major N.E.Br. or Crataegus pinnatifida Bge., a common blood-activating and stasis-eliminating traditional Chinese medicine, has hardly been reported. In this study, the chemical comparison of 40 batches of hawthorn leaf samples collected from Hebei, Liaoning, Shandong and Shanxi Provinces was performed using an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry-based metabolic profile and pattern recognition analysis approach. A total of 233 compounds were determined. Among them, 40 compounds were selected as potential metabolites responsible for the differential clustering, and the differential metabolite-based evaluation model was applied to well distinguish the origin of seven batches of hawthorn leaves sold on the market. Further analysis of the KEGG pathway showed that five core metabolites containing flavonoids and lignins were mainly involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, and stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid and gingerol biosynthesis. Taking the content of flavonoids, core markers, as the evaluation basis, it was found that the quality of hawthorn leaves in Hebei and Liaoning was better. The study provides a reference for the rational utilization of hawthorn leaves, and highlights that the metabolomics-driven analysis method is more suitable for the quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yi Wang
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China.
| | - Hui Xiong
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China.
| | - Li-Ying Duan
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China.
| | - Chen-Feng Wang
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China.
| | - Yi-Long Du
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China.
| | - Xia Hong
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China.
| | - Hai-Hong Zha
- SCIEX, Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200335, PR China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China.
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