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Tripathi S, Tiwari K, Mahra S, Victoria J, Rana S, Tripathi DK, Sharma S. Nanoparticles and root traits: mineral nutrition, stress tolerance and interaction with rhizosphere microbiota. PLANTA 2024; 260:34. [PMID: 38922515 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04409-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION This review article highlights a broader perspective of NPs and plant-root interaction by focusing on their beneficial and deleterious impacts on root system architecture (RSA). The root performs a vital function by securing itself in the soil, absorbing and transporting water and nutrients to facilitate plant growth and productivity. In dicots, the architecture of the root system (RSA) is markedly shaped by the development of the primary root and its branches, showcasing considerable adaptability in response to changes in the environment. For promoting agriculture and combating global food hunger, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) may be an exciting option, for which it is essential to understand the behaviour of plants under NPs exposure. The nature of NPs and their physicochemical characteristics play a significant role in the positive/negative response of roots and shoots. Root morphological features, such as root length, root mass and root development features, may regulated positively/negatively by different types of NPs. In addition, application of NPs may also enhance nutrient transport and soil fertility by the promotion of soil microorganisms including plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) and also soil enzymes. Interestingly the interaction of nanomaterials (NMs) with rhizospheric bacteria can enhance plant development and soil health. However, some studies also suggested that the increased use of several types of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) may disrupt the equilibrium of the soil-root interface and unsafe morphogenesis by causing the browning of roots and suppressing the growth of root and soil microbes. Thus, this review article has sought to compile a broader perspective of NPs and plant-root interaction by focusing on their beneficial or deleterious impacts on RSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Kavita Tiwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Shivani Mahra
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - J Victoria
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Shweta Rana
- Departments of Physical and Natural Sciences, FLAME University, Pune, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar Tripathi
- Crop Nano Biology and Molecular Stress Physiology Lab, Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201313, India.
| | - Shivesh Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India.
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Zhang L, Cui Y, Xu J, Qian J, Yang X, Chen X, Zhang C, Gao P. Ecotoxicity and trophic transfer of metallic nanomaterials in aquatic ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171660. [PMID: 38490428 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Metallic nanomaterials (MNMs) possess unique properties that have led to their widespread application in fields such as electronics and medicine. However, concerns about their interactions with environmental factors and potential toxicity to aquatic life have emerged. There is growing evidence suggesting MNMs can have detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystems, and are potential for bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the food chain, posing risks to higher trophic levels and potentially humans. While many studies have focused on the general ecotoxicity of MNMs, fewer have delved into their trophic transfer within aquatic food chains. This review highlights the ecotoxicological effects of MNMs on aquatic systems via waterborne exposure or dietary exposure, emphasizing their accumulation and transformation across the food web. Biomagnification factor (BMF), the ratio of the contaminant concentration in predator to that in prey, was used to evaluate the biomagnification due to the complex nature of aquatic food chains. However, most current studies have BMF values of less than 1 indicating no biomagnification. Factors influencing MNM toxicity in aquatic environments include nanomaterial properties, ion variations, light, dissolved oxygen, and pH. The multifaceted interactions of these variables with MNM toxicity remain to be fully elucidated. We conclude with recommendations for future research directions to mitigate the adverse effects of MNMs in aquatic ecosystems and advocate for a cautious approach to the production and application of MNMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Zhang
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yifei Cui
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jingran Qian
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaoni Chen
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
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Yang Y, Wang K, Liu X, Xu C, You Q, Zhang Y, Zhu L. Environmental behavior of silver nanomaterials in aquatic environments: An updated review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167861. [PMID: 37852494 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The increasing applications of silver nanomaterials (nano-Ag) and their inevitable release posed great potential risks to aquatic organisms and ecosystems. Considerable attention has been attracted on their behaviors and transformations, which were critically important for their subsequent biological toxicities and ecological effects. Therefore, the summary of the recent efforts on the environmental behavior of nano-Ag would be beneficial for understanding the environmental fate and accurate risk assessment. This review summarized the studies on various physical, chemical and biological transformations of nano-Ag, meanwhile, the influencing factors (including the intrinsic properties and environmental conditions) and related mechanisms were highlighted. Surface structure and facets of nano-Ag, abiotic conditions and natural freeze-thaw cycle processes could affect the transformations of nano-Ag under different environmental scenarios (including freshwater, seawater and wastewater). The interactions with co-present components, such as chemicals and other particles, impacted the multiple processes of nano-Ag. Besides, the contradictory effects and mechanisms by several environmental factors were summarized. Lastly, the key knowledge gaps and some aspects that deserve further investigation were also addressed. Therefore, the current review aimed to provide an overall analysis of transformation processes of nano-Ag, which will provide more available information and pave the way for the future research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Kunkun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xinwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Chunyi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qi You
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yinqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Kumari A, Chokheli VA, Lysenko VS, Mandzhieva SS, Minkina TM, Mazarji M, Rajput VD, Shuvaeva VA, Sushkova SS, Barakhov A. Genotoxic and morpho-physiological responses of ZnO macro- and nano-forms in plants. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:9345-9357. [PMID: 36383335 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, two plants, viz., Pisum sativum L. and Hordeum vulgare L., were exposed to nano- and macro-dispersed ZnO at 1, 10, and 30 times of maximal permissible concentration (MPC). The main objective of the study is to depict and compare the genotoxicity in terms of chromosomal anomalies, cytotoxicity (i.e., mitotic index), and phytotoxicity (viz., germination, morphometry, maximal quantum yield, and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging) of macro- and nano-forms of ZnO along with their accumulation and translocation. In the case of genotoxic and cytotoxic responses, the maximal effect was observed at 30 MPC, regardless of the macro- or nano-forms of ZnO. The phytotoxic observations revealed that the treatment with macro- and nano-forms of ZnO significantly affected the germination rate, germination energy, and length of roots and shoots of H. vulgare in a dose-dependent manner. The factor toxicity index of treated soil demonstrated that toxicity soared as concentrations increased and that at 30 MPC, toxicity was average and high in macro- and nano-dispersed ZnO, respectively. Furthermore, the photosynthetic parameters were observed to be negatively affected in both treatments, but the maximal effect was observed in the case of nano-dispersed form. It was noted that the mobility of nano-dispersed ZnO in the soil was higher than macro-dispersed. The increased mobility of nano-dispersed ZnO might have boosted their accumulation and translocation that subsequently led to the oxidative stress due to the accelerated production of reactive oxygen species, thus strengthen toxicity implications in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpna Kumari
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-On-Don, Russia, 344006.
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Tombuloglu H, Ercan I, Alqahtani N, Alotaibi B, Bamhrez M, Alshumrani R, Turumtay H, Ergin I, Demirci T, Ozcelik S, Kayed TS, Ercan F. Impact of magnetic field on the translocation of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe 3O 4) in barley seedlings ( Hordeum vulgare L.). 3 Biotech 2023; 13:296. [PMID: 37564274 PMCID: PMC10409972 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03727-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect and contribution of an external magnetic field (MF) on the uptake and translocation of nanoparticles (NPs) in plants have been investigated in this study. Barley was treated with iron oxide NPs (Fe3O4, 500 mg/L, 50-100 nm) and grown under various MF strengths (20, 42, 125, and 250 mT). The root-to-shoot translocation of NPs was assessed using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Additionally, plant phenological parameters, such as germination, protein and chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic and nutritional status, were examined. The results demonstrated that the external MF significantly enhances the uptake of NPs through the roots. The uptake was higher at lower MF strengths (20 and 42 mT) than at higher MF strengths (125 and 250 mT). The root and shoot iron (Fe) contents were approximately 2.5-3-fold higher in the 250 mT application compared to the control. Furthermore, the MF treatments significantly increased micro-elements such as Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, and B (P < 0.005). This effect could be attributed to the disruption of cell membranes at the root tip cells caused by both the MF and NPs. Moreover, the MF treatments improved germination rates by 28%, total protein content, and photosynthetic parameters. These findings show that magnetic field application helps the effective transport of magnetic NPs, which could be essential for NPs-mediated drug delivery, plant nutrition, and genetic transformation applications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03727-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Tombuloglu
- Department of Genetics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 34221 Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail Ercan
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Duzce University, 81010 Düzce, Turkey
| | - Noha Alqahtani
- Department of Genetics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 34221 Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bayan Alotaibi
- Department of Genetics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 34221 Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muruj Bamhrez
- Department of Genetics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 34221 Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghdah Alshumrani
- Department of Genetics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 34221 Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Halbay Turumtay
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Department of Energy System Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, 61830 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Ergin
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Cukurova University, 01330 Balcali-Adana, Turkey
| | - Tuna Demirci
- Scientific and Technological Research Laboratory, Düzce University, 81560 Düzce, Turkey
| | - Sezen Ozcelik
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hakkari University, 30000 Hakkari, Turkey
| | - Tarek Said Kayed
- Department of Basic Engineering Sciences, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Filiz Ercan
- Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, PO Box 1982, 31441 Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, PO Box 1982, 31441 Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Tran IT, Heiman JA, Lydy VR, Kissoon LT. Silver Inhibits Lemna minor Growth at High Initial Frond Densities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1104. [PMID: 36903968 PMCID: PMC10004846 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most popular engineered nanomaterials in consumer products due to their antimicrobial properties. They enter aquatic ecosystems via insufficient purified wastewaters from manufacturers or consumers. AgNPs inhibit growth of aquatic plants, including duckweeds. Growth media nutrient concentration and initial duckweed frond density can affect growth. However, it is not well understood how frond density affects nanoparticle toxicity. We investigated the toxicity of 500 µg/L AgNPs and AgNO3 on Lemna minor at different initial frond densities (20, 40, and 80 fronds per 28.5 cm2) over 14 days. Plants were more sensitive to silver at high initial frond densities. Growth rates based on frond number and area were lower for plants at 40 and 80 initial frond density in both silver treatments. AgNPs had no effect on frond number, biomass, and frond area at 20 initial frond density. However, AgNO3 plants had lower biomass than control and AgNP plants at 20 initial frond density. Competition and crowding at high frond densities resulted in reduced growth when silver was present, therefore plant density and crowding effects should be considered in toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indigo T. Tran
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897, USA
| | - Jordan A. Heiman
- Department of Biology, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Victoria R. Lydy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA
| | - La Toya Kissoon
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897, USA
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Huang D, Dang F, Huang Y, Chen N, Zhou D. Uptake, translocation, and transformation of silver nanoparticles in plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE: NANO 2022; 9:12-39. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1039/d1en00870f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the plant uptake of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) that occurred in soil systems and the in planta fate of Ag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Fei Dang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Yingnan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
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Mahaye N, Thwala M, Musee N. Interactions of Coated-Gold Engineered Nanoparticles with Aquatic Higher Plant Salvinia minima Baker. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123178. [PMID: 34947527 PMCID: PMC8704737 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated the interactions of coated-gold engineered nanoparticles (nAu) with the aquatic higher plant Salvinia minima Baker in 2,7, and 14 d. Herein, the nAu concentration of 1000 µg/L was used; as in lower concentrations, analytical limitations persisted but >1000 µg/L were deemed too high and unlikely to be present in the environment. Exposure of S. minima to 1000 µg/L of citrate (cit)- and branched polyethyleneimine (BPEI)-coated nAu (5, 20, and 40 nm) in 10% Hoagland’s medium (10 HM) had marginal effect on biomass and growth rate irrespective of nAu size, coating type, or exposure duration. Further, results demonstrated that nAu were adsorbed on the plants’ roots irrespective of their size or coating variant; however, no evidence of internalization was apparent, and this was attributed to high agglomeration of nAu in 10 HM. Hence, adsorption was concluded as the basic mechanism of nAu accumulation by S. minima. Overall, the long-term exposure of S. minima to nAu did not inhibit plant biomass and growth rate but agglomerates on plant roots may block cell wall pores, and, in turn, alter uptake of essential macronutrients in plants, thus potentially affecting the overall ecological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ntombikayise Mahaye
- Emerging Contaminants Ecological and Risk Assessment (ECERA) Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa;
| | - Melusi Thwala
- Water Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0184, South Africa;
| | - Ndeke Musee
- Emerging Contaminants Ecological and Risk Assessment (ECERA) Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa;
- Correspondence: or
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Lehutso RF, Wesley-Smith J, Thwala M. Aquatic Toxicity Effects and Risk Assessment of 'Form Specific' Product-Released Engineered Nanomaterials. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12468. [PMID: 34830350 PMCID: PMC8621863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the toxicity effects of 'form specific' engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) and ions released from nano-enabled products (NEPs), namely sunscreens, sanitisers, body creams and socks on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Spirodela polyrhiza, and Daphnia magna. Additionally, risk estimation emanating from the exposures was undertaken. The ENMs and the ions released from the products both contributed to the effects to varying extents, with neither being a uniform principal toxicity agent across the exposures; however, the effects were either synergistic or antagonistic. D. magna and S. polyrhiza were the most sensitive and least sensitive test organisms, respectively. The most toxic effects were from ENMs and ions released from sanitisers and sunscreens, whereas body creams and sock counterparts caused negligible effects. The internalisation of the ENMs from the sunscreens could not be established; only adsorption on the biota was evident. It was established that ENMs and ions released from products pose no imminent risk to ecosystems; instead, small to significant adverse effects are expected in the worst-case exposure scenario. The study demonstrates that while ENMs from products may not be considered to pose an imminent risk, increasing nanotechnology commercialization may increase their environmental exposure and risk potential; therefore, priority exposure cases need to be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raisibe Florence Lehutso
- Water Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - James Wesley-Smith
- Electron Microscope Unit, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Melusi Thwala
- Water Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9031, South Africa
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Moloi MS, Lehutso RF, Erasmus M, Oberholster PJ, Thwala M. Aquatic Environment Exposure and Toxicity of Engineered Nanomaterials Released from Nano-Enabled Products: Current Status and Data Needs. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2868. [PMID: 34835631 PMCID: PMC8618637 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Rapid commercialisation of nano-enabled products (NEPs) elevates the potential environmental release of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) along the product life cycle. The current review examined the state of the art literature on aquatic environment exposure and ecotoxicity of product released (PR) engineered nanomaterials (PR-ENMs). Additionally, the data obtained were applied to estimate the risk posed by PR-ENMs to various trophic levels of aquatic biota as a means of identifying priority NEPs cases that may require attention with regards to examining environmental implications. Overall, the PR-ENMs are predominantly associated with the matrix of the respective NEPs, a factor that often hinders proper isolation of nano-driven toxicity effects. Nevertheless, some studies have attributed the toxicity basis of observed adverse effects to a combination of the released ions, ENMs and other components of NEPs. Notwithstanding the limitation of current ecotoxicology data limitations, the risk estimated herein points to an elevated risk towards fish arising from fabrics' PR-nAg, and the considerable potential effects from sunscreens' PR-nZnO and PR-nTiO2 to algae, echinoderms, and crustaceans (PR-nZnO), whereas PR-nTiO2 poses no significant risk to echinoderms. Considering that the current data limitations will not be overcome immediately, we recommend the careful application of similar risk estimation to isolate/prioritise cases of NEPs for detailed characterisation of ENMs' release and effects in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mbuyiselwa Shadrack Moloi
- Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9031, South Africa; (M.S.M.); (P.J.O.)
| | | | - Mariana Erasmus
- Centre for Mineral Biogeochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9031, South Africa;
| | - Paul Johan Oberholster
- Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9031, South Africa; (M.S.M.); (P.J.O.)
| | - Melusi Thwala
- Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9031, South Africa; (M.S.M.); (P.J.O.)
- Water Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
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Antibacterial Biodegradable Films Based on Alginate with Silver Nanoparticles and Lemongrass Essential Oil-Innovative Packaging for Cheese. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092377. [PMID: 34578695 PMCID: PMC8467694 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Replacing the petroleum-based materials in the food industry is one of the main objectives of the scientists and decision makers worldwide. Biodegradable packaging will help diminish the environmental impact of human activity. Improving such biodegradable packaging materials by adding antimicrobial activity will not only extend the shelf life of foodstuff, but will also eliminate some health hazards associated with food borne diseases, and by diminishing the food spoilage will decrease the food waste. The objective of this research was to obtain innovative antibacterial films based on a biodegradable polymer, namely alginate. Films were characterized by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and microscopy, complex thermal analysis (TG-DSC-FTIR), UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Water vapor permeability and swelling behavior were also determined. As antimicrobial agents, we used silver spherical nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and lemongrass essential oil (LGO), which were found to act in a synergic way. The obtained films exhibited strong antibacterial activity against tested strains, two Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhi). Best results were obtained against Bacillus cereus. The tests indicate that the antimicrobial films can be used as packaging, preserving the color, surface texture, and softness of cheese for 14 days. At the same time, the color of the films changed (darkened) as a function of temperature and light presence, a feature that can be used to monitor the storage conditions for sensitive food.
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