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Pirvu LC, Rusu N, Bazdoaca C, Androne E, Neagu G, Albulescu A. A View on the Chemical and Biological Attributes of Five Edible Fruits after Finishing Their Shelf Life: Studies on Caco-2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4848. [PMID: 38732066 PMCID: PMC11084482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
We studied five common perishable fruits in terms of their polyphenols dynamic, minerals distribution, scavenger activity and the effects of 50% ethanolic extracts on the viability of Caco-2 cells in vitro, over a period of time between T = 0 and T = 5/7 days, typically the end of their shelf life. Altogether, there were few changes found, consisting of either an increase or a decrease in their chemical and biological attributes. A slow decrease was found in the antioxidant activity in apricot (-11%), plum (-6%) and strawberry (-4%) extracts, while cherry and green seedless table grape extracts gained 7% and 2% antioxidant potency, respectively; IC50 values ranged from 1.67 to 5.93 μg GAE/μL test extract. The cytotoxicity MTS assay at 24 h revealed the ability of all 50% ethanol fruit extracts to inhibit the Caco-2 cell viability; the inhibitory effects ranged from 49% to 83% and were measured at 28 µg GAE for strawberry extracts/EES, from 22 µg to 45 µg GAE for cherry extracts/EEC, from 7.58 to 15.16 µg GAE for apricot extracts/EEA, from 12.50 to 25.70 µg GAE for plum extracts/EEP and from 21.51 to 28.68 µg GAE for green table grape extracts/EEG. The MTS anti-proliferative assay (72 h) also revealed a stimulatory potency upon the Caco-2 viability, from 34% (EEA, EEG) and 48% (EEC) to 350% (EES) and 690% (EEP); therefore fruit juices can influence intestinal tumorigenesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Camelia Pirvu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnologies, National Institute of Chemical Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 112 Vitan Av., 031299 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Rusu
- Department of Chemical Analysis and Drug Control, National Institute of Chemical Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 112 Vitan Av., 031299 Bucharest, Romania; (N.R.); (C.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Cristina Bazdoaca
- Department of Chemical Analysis and Drug Control, National Institute of Chemical Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 112 Vitan Av., 031299 Bucharest, Romania; (N.R.); (C.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Elena Androne
- Department of Chemical Analysis and Drug Control, National Institute of Chemical Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 112 Vitan Av., 031299 Bucharest, Romania; (N.R.); (C.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Georgeta Neagu
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Chemical Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 112 Vitan Av., 031299 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Adrian Albulescu
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Chemical Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 112 Vitan Av., 031299 Bucharest, Romania;
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, 285 Mihai Bravu Av., 030304 Bucharest, Romania
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Xiao T, Cheng X, Zhi Y, Tian F, Wu A, Huang F, Tao L, Guo Z, Shen X. Ameliorative effect of Alangium chinense (Lour.) Harms on rheumatoid arthritis by reducing autophagy with targeting regulate JAK3-STAT3 and COX-2 pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117133. [PMID: 37690476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Alangium chinense has been used as traditional folk medicine for centuries to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by Guizhou Miao nationality with remarkable clinical effect. But the mechanism of its anti-RA is not fully clarified. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the effect and underlying mechanism of A. chinense against RA. MATERIAL AND METHODS RA rats were induced by CII/IFA, and oral administrated with or without ethyl acetate extracts of Alangium chinense (ACEE) and tripterygium glycosides (GTW). Then arthritis scores, inflammatory factors in serum and histological evaluation were evaluated to assess the degree of joints disease. Proteomics were conducted via LC-MS/MS to clarify the mechanism of ACEE preliminarily, and further examined by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, western botting, and molecular docking. RESULTS ACEE decreased joints swelling, cell abscission and necrosis of joint tissues arthropathy of RA rats, and attenuated expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, PGE2, TGF-β. Meanwhile, differentially expressed proteins in the ACEE treated groups were observed, which were involved in RA, spliceosome, cell adhesion molecules, phagosome and lysosome signaling pathways. Moreover, ACEE significantly ameliorated arthropathy, suppressed JAK-STAT pathway (JAK3, p-JAK3, STAT3, iNOS, RANKL), COX-2 pathway (COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6I, L-1β, 5-LOX), and autophagic signaling pathway (LC3-Ⅰ, LC3-Ⅱ, p62, mTOR). But it showed little effect on the expression of COX-1, JAK1, JAK2, TyK2. CONCLUSION It is the first evidence that A. chinense significantly ameliorates RA, and the underlying immune mechanism involves reducing autophagy with targeting regulate JAK3-STAT3 and COX-2 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550031, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550031, China.
| | - Xingyan Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550031, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550031, China.
| | - Yuan Zhi
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550031, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550031, China.
| | - Fangfang Tian
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550031, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550031, China.
| | - Ai Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550031, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550031, China.
| | - Feilong Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550031, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550031, China.
| | - Ling Tao
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550031, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550031, China.
| | - Zhenghong Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550031, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550031, China.
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Lamenza FF, Upadhaya P, Roth P, Shrestha S, Jagadeesha S, Horn N, Pracha H, Oghumu S. Berries vs. Disease: Revenge of the Phytochemicals. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:84. [PMID: 38256917 PMCID: PMC10818490 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolites and phytochemicals in plant-based diets are known to possess properties that inhibit the development of several diseases including a variety of cancers of the aerodigestive tract. Berries are currently of high interest to researchers due to their high dietary source of phytochemicals. Black raspberries (BRB), Rubus occidentalis, are of special interest due to their rich and diverse composition of phytochemicals. In this review, we present the most up-to-date preclinical and clinical data involving berries and their phytochemicals in the chemoprevention of a variety of cancers and diseases. BRBs possess a variety of health benefits including anti-proliferative properties, anti-inflammatory activity, activation of pro-cell-death pathways, modulation of the immune response, microbiome modulation, reduction in oxidative stress, and many more. However, little has been done in both preclinical and clinical settings on the effects of BRB administration in combination with other cancer therapies currently available for patients. With the high potential for BRBs as chemopreventive agents, there is a need to investigate their potential in combination with other treatments to improve therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe F. Lamenza
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (F.F.L.); (P.U.); (P.R.); (S.S.); (S.J.); (N.H.); (H.P.)
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Puja Upadhaya
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (F.F.L.); (P.U.); (P.R.); (S.S.); (S.J.); (N.H.); (H.P.)
| | - Peyton Roth
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (F.F.L.); (P.U.); (P.R.); (S.S.); (S.J.); (N.H.); (H.P.)
| | - Suvekshya Shrestha
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (F.F.L.); (P.U.); (P.R.); (S.S.); (S.J.); (N.H.); (H.P.)
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sushmitha Jagadeesha
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (F.F.L.); (P.U.); (P.R.); (S.S.); (S.J.); (N.H.); (H.P.)
| | - Natalie Horn
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (F.F.L.); (P.U.); (P.R.); (S.S.); (S.J.); (N.H.); (H.P.)
| | - Hasan Pracha
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (F.F.L.); (P.U.); (P.R.); (S.S.); (S.J.); (N.H.); (H.P.)
| | - Steve Oghumu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (F.F.L.); (P.U.); (P.R.); (S.S.); (S.J.); (N.H.); (H.P.)
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Kim D, Kim Y, Kim Y. Effect of Purple Sweet Potato Using Different Cooking Methods on Cytoprotection against Ethanol-Induced Oxidative Damage through Nrf2 Activation in HepG2 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1650. [PMID: 37627645 PMCID: PMC10451714 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different cooking methods on the hepatoprotective effects of purple sweet potatoes against alcohol-induced damage in HepG2 cells. Purple sweet potatoes (Ipomeoea batatas L. Danjami) were subjected to different cooking methods, including steaming, roasting, and microwaving. Steaming resulted in a higher cytoprotective effect against alcohol damage than the other cooking methods. Additionally, the highest inhibition of glutathione depletion and production of reactive oxygen species against alcohol-induced stress were observed in raw and/or steamed purple sweet potatoes. Compared to roasted and/or microwaved samples, steamed samples significantly increased the expression of NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1, heme oxygenase 1, and gamma glutamate-cysteine ligase in alcohol-stimulated HepG2 cells via the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. Moreover, ten anthocyanins were detected in the raw samples, whereas five, two, and two anthocyanins were found in the steamed, roasted, and microwaved samples, respectively. Taken together, steaming purple sweet potatoes could be an effective cooking method to protect hepatocytes against alcohol consumption. These results provide useful information for improving the bioactive properties of purple sweet potatoes using different cooking methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Younghwa Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (Y.K.)
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Mahdi WA, AlGhamdi SA, Alghamdi AM, Imam SS, Alshehri S, Almaniea MA, Hajjar BM, Al-Abbasi FA, Sayyed N, Kazmi I. Effect of Europinidin against Alcohol-Induced Liver Damage in Rats by Inhibiting the TNF-α/TGF-β/IFN-γ/NF-kB/Caspase-3 Signaling Pathway. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:22656-22664. [PMID: 37396259 PMCID: PMC10308532 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of europinidin on alcoholic liver damage in rats was examined in this research. METHODS A total of 24 Wistar rats were grouped in the same way into four groups: normal control (normal), ethanol control (EtOH), europinidin low dose (10 mg/kg), and europinidin higher dose (20 mg/kg). The test group rats were orally treated with europinidin-10 and europinidin-20 for 4 weeks, whereas 5 mL/kg distilled water was administered to control rats. In addition, 1 h after the last dose of the above-mentioned oral treatment, 5 mL/kg (i.p.) EtOH was injected to induce liver injury. After 5 h of EtOH treatment, samples of blood were withdrawn for biochemical estimations. RESULTS Administration of europinidin at both doses restored all of the estimated serum, i.e., liver function tests (ALT, AST, ALP), biochemical test (Creatinine, albumin, BUN, direct bilirubin, and LDH), lipid assessment (TC and TG), endogenous antioxidants (GSH-Px, SOD, and CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), cytokines (TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-12), caspase-3, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) associated with the EtOH group. CONCLUSION The results of the investigation showed that europinidin had favorable effects in rats given EtOH and may have hepatoprotective potential property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael A. Mahdi
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shareefa A. AlGhamdi
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King
Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Experimental
Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira M. Alghamdi
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King
Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A. Almaniea
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Baraa Mohammed Hajjar
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King
Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem Sayyed
- School
of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Saharanpur 247121, India
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King
Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Li K, Liu X, Hou R, Zhao H, Zhao P, Tian Y, Li J. Uncovering mechanisms of Baojin Chenfei formula treatment for silicosis by inhibiting inflammation and fibrosis based on serum pharmacochemistry and network analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 260:115082. [PMID: 37257350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Baojin Chenfei formula (BCF), a Chinese herbal formula, has significant effects on improving the clinical symptoms of patients with silicosis. However, its active compounds and the underlying mechanisms have not yet fully been elucidated. PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of BCF in treating silicosis. METHODS The rat model of silicosis was developed via a single intratracheal instillation of SiO2 suspension to examine the therapeutic impacts of BCF on silicosis. Subsequently, the active compounds, targets, and mechanisms of BCF were analyzed based on serum pharmacochemistry and network analysis. Finally, the underlying mechanisms of representative compounds of BCF were validated in vitro experiments. RESULTS BCF significantly alleviated SiO2-induced silicosis in rats, evidenced by improved lung function, decreased pathological injury, and reduced inflammatory response and fibrosis. 19 active compounds were identified from the rat serum samples after BCF gavage. Subsequently, 299 targets for these 19 compounds in BCF and 257 genes related to silicosis were collected. 26 overlapping targets, including AKT1, TNF, IL6, MAPK3, EGFR, and others, were obtained from the intersection of the 299 BCF-related targets and 257 silicosis-associated genes. These overlapping targets mainly corresponded to glycyrrhetic acid and paeoniflorin and were mainly associated with positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation, positive regulation of MAP kinase activity, and inflammatory response. In vitro experiments also demonstrated that the representative compounds of BCF (glycyrrhetic acid and paeoniflorin) could suppress inflammatory response by the MAPK pathway, and also inhibited fibroblast activation by the EGFR-PI3K-AKT pathway. CONCLUSION Active compounds of BCF, such as glycyrrhetic acid and paeoniflorin, could suppress inflammatory response by the MAPK pathway and suppress fibroblast activation by the EGFR-PI3K-AKT pathway. These might be the mechanisms of BCF in treating silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangchen Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Runsu Hou
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Hulei Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Department of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yange Tian
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Department of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
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Xie C, Li J, Fang Y, Ma R, Dang Z, Yang F. Proanthocyanins and anthocyanins in chestnut (Castanea mollissima) shell extracts: biotransformation in the simulated gastrointestinal model and interaction with gut microbiota in vitro. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:3659-3673. [PMID: 36754602 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chestnut (Castanea mollissima) shell is rich in flavonoids and our previous studies showed that proanthocyanins and anthocyanins were the two markedly varied flavonoids in chestnut shell extracts (CSE) during digestion. Here, the biotransformation of proanthocyanins and anthocyanins in a simulated gastrointestinal model, and the interactions between non-absorption CSE (NACSE) and gut microbiota in vitro, were investigated by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS Chestnut shell was richer in proanthocyanins and anthocyanins, while the loss of proanthocyanins was greater after digestion. Additionally, the content of anthocyanin decreased after gastric digestion but increased after intestinal digestion and remained stable after fermentation. After fermentation, delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside and pelargonidin-3-O-galactoside were newly formed. Furthermore, microbiome profiling indicated that NACSE promoted the proliferation of beneficial bacteria, while inhibiting pathogenic bacteria. CONCLUSION All these data suggest that CSE may be a promising candidate to protect gut health. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Xie
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yihe Fang
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Renyi Ma
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixiong Dang
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Yang
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
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Xiao T, Cheng X, Huang J, Guo Z, Tao L, Shen X. Bioactive substances inhibiting COX-2 and cancer cells isolated from the fibrous roots of Alangium chinense (Lour.) Harms. RSC Adv 2023; 13:3346-3363. [PMID: 36756416 PMCID: PMC9891086 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06931h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alangium chinense has been used as a traditional folk medicine for centuries to treat rheumatism, skin diseases, and diabetes by the people of Southeast Asia. However, the bioactive constituents inhibiting COX-2 and cancer cells (HepG2, Caco-2, HeLa) remain unclear. In this study one new (14) along with twenty-four known compounds (1-13, 15-25) were isolated from the fibrous roots of Alangium chinense by chromatographic methods, and identified by NMR, and Gaussian and CD calculation. Compounds 1, 2, 13, 16, 17, 19, 20, 23, and 24 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Their inhibition effects on COX-2 enzyme and cancer cells were evaluated by MTT assay. Compounds 1-4, 13-14, and 16-18 can be used as good inhibitors against COX-2 enzyme, and compounds 1, 13, 14, and 17 were stronger than the positive control (celecoxib). In addition, molecular docking suggested that compounds 13, 17, and 18 belong to ellagic acids and have good inhibition against COX-2 enzyme. While compounds 1, 5, 13 and 21 showed cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells, compounds 2 and 21 showed cytotoxicity against Caco-2 cells, and compound 20 showed cytotoxicity against HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants the Department of Pharmaceutic Preparation of Chinse Medicine, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550025 China .,The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town Guian New District Guizhou China +86-851-88416149 +86-851-88416149
| | - Xingyan Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants the Department of Pharmaceutic Preparation of Chinse Medicine, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550025 China .,The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town Guian New District Guizhou China +86-851-88416149 +86-851-88416149
| | - Jiaoyan Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants the Department of Pharmaceutic Preparation of Chinse Medicine, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550025 China .,The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town Guian New District Guizhou China +86-851-88416149 +86-851-88416149
| | - Zhenghong Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, University Town Guian New District Guiyang 550025 China +86-851-88308060 +86-851-88308060
| | - Ling Tao
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants the Department of Pharmaceutic Preparation of Chinse Medicine, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550025 China .,The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town Guian New District Guizhou China +86-851-88416149 +86-851-88416149
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants the Department of Pharmaceutic Preparation of Chinse Medicine, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550025 China .,The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town Guian New District Guizhou China +86-851-88416149 +86-851-88416149
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He XY, Zhu YX, Jiang XQ, Zhu FR, Luo YJ, Qiu YY, Huang ZR, Liu B, Zeng F. Probiotics-Fermented Grifola frondosa Total Active Components: Better Antioxidation and Microflora Regulation for Alleviating Alcoholic Liver Damage in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021406. [PMID: 36674921 PMCID: PMC9862899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver damage is caused by long-term drinking, and it further develops into alcoholic liver diseases. In this study, we prepared a probiotic fermentation product of Grifola frondosa total active components (PFGF) by fermentation with Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Pediococcus acidilactici. After fermentation, the total sugar and protein content in the PFGF significantly decreased, while the lactic acid level and antioxidant activity of the PFGF increased. Afterward, we investigated the alleviating effect of PFGF on alcoholic liver injury in alcohol-fed mice. The results showed that the PFGF intervention reduced the necrosis of the liver cells, attenuated the inflammation of the liver and intestines, restored the liver function, increased the antioxidant factors of the liver, and maintained the cecum tissue barrier. Additionally, the results of the 16S rRNA sequencing analysis indicated that the PFGF intervention increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, Ruminococcaceae, Parabacteroids, Parasutterella, and Alistipes, to attenuate intestinal inflammation. These results demonstrate that PFGF can potentially alleviate alcoholic liver damage by restoring the intestinal barrier and regulating the intestinal microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu He
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yu-Xian Zhu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Jiang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Fu-Rong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yi-Juan Luo
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yu-Yang Qiu
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zi-Rui Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fuzhou 350002, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bin Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Feng Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (F.Z.)
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10
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Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Analysis Explores the Mechanisms of Cordyceps sinensis in the Treatment of Oral Lichen Planus. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:3156785. [PMID: 36072973 PMCID: PMC9444403 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3156785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective Oral lichen planus (OLP) is the most common potentially malignant disorder of the oral cavity. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of Cordyceps sinensis in the treatment of OLP and provides a theoretical support for improving current treatment regimens for OLP. Methods The active components and therapeutic targets of Cordyceps sinensis were predicted and screened using the TCMSP, SymMap, PubMed, HIT 2.0, and PharmMapper databases, while the relevant OLP targets were predicted and screened using the DisGeNET and GeneCards databases. Protein-protein interactions (PPI) were examined using the String database, and Cytoscape was used to combine and illustrate the findings. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were carried out using RStudio, and AutoDock Vina and Pymol were used for molecular docking and visualization, respectively. Results A total of 404 potential target genes were discovered after evaluating 21 active compounds from Cordyceps sinensis. Potential therapeutic targets included 67 targets that matched and overlapped with OLP, including TNF, IL-6, CD4, EGFR, and IL1B. Key targets were predominantly engaged in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and the MAPK signaling pathway, according to the GO and KEGG analyses. These targets have a connection to biological processes including apoptosis signaling pathway regulation, T cell activation, and oxidative stress response. The molecular docking results showed that TNF, IL-6, CD4, EGFR, and IL1B could bind to their corresponding active components. Conclusions Cordyceps sinensis contains multiple components and acts on multiple targets and multiple pathways. Particularly, Cordyceps sinensis targets TNF, IL-6, CD4, EGFR, and IL1B, regulates PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathways, as well as takes part in biological processes including apoptosis, T cell activation, and oxidative stress. Cordyceps sinensis could be a crucial choice in the therapy of OLP.
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11
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Mechanism of Zhinao Capsule in Treating Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Network Pharmacology Analysis and Molecular Docking Validation. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:5708769. [PMID: 36032542 PMCID: PMC9410932 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5708769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to determine the active components of Zhinao capsule (ZNC) and the targets in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) so as to investigate and explore the mechanism of ZNC for AD. Methods The active components and targets of ZNC were determined from the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database (TCMSP). The target genes of AD were searched for in GeneCards. Cytoscape was used to construct an herb-component-target-disease network. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by STRING. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the OmicShare. UCSF Chimera and SwissDock were used for molecular docking verification. Finally, four key target genes were validated by Western blotting. Results In total, 55 active components, 287 targets of active components, 1197 disease genes, and 134 common genes were screened, which were significantly enriched in 3975 terms of biological processes (BP), 284 terms of cellular components (CC), 433 terms of molecular functions (MF), and 245 signaling pathways. Caspase-3 (CASP3) and beta-sitosterol, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and quercetin, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and baicalein, and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) and quercetin showed good-to-better docking. Moreover, ZNC not only downregulated CASP3 and TNF-α protein expression but also upregulated the protein expression of VEGFA and MAPK1. Conclusions The active components of ZNC, such as beta-sitosterol, quercetin, and baicalein may act on multiple targets like CASP3, VEGFA, MAPK1, and TNF-α to affect T cell receptor (TCR), TNF, and MAPK signaling pathway, thereby achieving the treatment of AD. This study provides a scientific basis for further exploring the potential mechanism of ZNC in the treatment of AD and a reference for its clinical application.
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12
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Anthocyanin-Rich Extract of Red Cabbage Attenuates Advanced Alcohol Hepatotoxicity in Rats in Association with Mitochondrial Activity Modulation. EUROPEAN PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/afpuc-2022-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
The liver is the main target for alcohol-induced injury. The aims of this work were to carry out further research into the mechanisms of liver damage induced by long-term administration of high-dose ethanol to rats and to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra) anthocyanins (RCE).
Material/Methods
Male albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 was the control. Groups 2 through 4 received ethanol (4 g/kg body weight, 8 weeks). Group 3 received 11 mg RCE/kg and Group 4 received 22 mg RCE/kg. Dry lyophilised RCE was prepared from fresh red cabbage and analysed. We then evaluated the liver histology, mitochondrial respiration, and biochemical and immunological parameters in these groups of rats.
Results
The rat intoxication caused steatohepatitis characterised by macro- and microvesicular steatosis, ballooning and fatty liver dystrophies, lymphocytic infiltration, neutral lipid accumulation, and elevations of the serum activities of the liver injury marker enzymes. The treatment of alcohol-administered rats with RCE (mainly, cyanidin-3-diglucoside-5-glucoside, cyanidin-3-coumaroylrutinoside-5-hexoside, cyanidin-3-feruloylrutinoside-5-hexoside, delphinidin-3-feruloylrutinoside-hexoside) dose-dependently alleviated these pathological changes: The sizes of hepatocyte lipid vacuoles and the inflammatory signs were decreased, and the levels of the rat serum biochemical markers of liver injury, proinflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-6, and the adipokine leptin (and not TGFβ) were significantly reversed. The RCE administration during intoxication completely recovered the changed liver mitochondria respiration rates and the ADP/O coefficient, as well as the phagocytic index and neutrophil metabolic activity in the blood. In experiments in vitro, RCE (13.6 μg/ml) modulated the respiratory parameters of isolated rat liver mitochondria, dissipated mitochondrial membrane potential, and inhibited the Ca2+-induced mitochondrial permeability transition.
Conclusion
The red cabbage anthocyanins could be useful for treatment of alcoholic liver injury due to their Ca2+-ionophoric/protonophoric activity, influence on Ca2+ homeostasis, and improving mitochondrial functions and inflammatory status.
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Mai B, Han L, Zhong J, Shu J, Cao Z, Fang J, Zhang X, Gao Z, Xiao F. Rhoifolin Alleviates Alcoholic Liver Disease In Vivo and In Vitro via Inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:878898. [PMID: 35685625 PMCID: PMC9171502 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.878898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a common chronic liver disorder worldwide, which is detrimental to human health. A preliminary study showed that the total flavonoids within Citrus grandis “Tomentosa” exerted a remarkable effect on the treatment of experimental ALD. However, the active substances of Citrus grandis “Tomentosa” were not elucidated. Rhoifolin (ROF) is a flavonoid component present in high levels. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of ROF and its possible mechanisms. Methods: Molecular docking was performed to analyze the binding energy of ROF to the main target proteins related to ALD. Subsequently, mice were fed ethanol (ETH) for 49 days to establish the chronic alcoholic liver injury models. The liver pathological injury, serum aminotransferase levels, and oxidative stress levels in the liver tissue were measured. Human normal hepatocytes (LO2 cells) were incubated with ETH to construct the alcoholic liver cell model. The inflammatory markers and apoptosis factors were evaluated using real-time PCR and flow cytometry. Finally, the effects of ROF on the CYP2E1 and NF-κB signaling pathways were tested in vitro and in vivo. Results: Molecular docking results demonstrated that ROF was able to successfully dock with the target proteins associated with ALD. In animal studies, ROF attenuated ETH-induced liver damage in mice by decreasing the serum concentrations of AST and ALT, reducing the expression of inflammatory cytokines, and maintaining antioxidant balance in the liver tissue. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that ROF suppressed ETH-induced apoptosis in LO2 cells by promoting Bcl-2 mRNA and inhibiting Bax mRNA and caspase 3 protein expression. ROF decreased the level of LDH, ALT, AST, ROS, and MDA in the supernatant; induced the activity of GSH and SOD; and inhibited TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β expression levels. Mechanistically, ROF could significantly downregulate the expression levels of CYP2E1, TLR4, and NF-κB phosphorylation. Conclusion: This study indicates that ROF is the active component within the total flavonoids, which may alleviate ETH-induced liver injury by inhibiting NF-κB phosphorylation. Therefore, ROF may serve as a promising compound for treating ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu Mai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Han
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Chinese Medicine Dermatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiarui Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingqi Shu
- College of Acumox and Tuina, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zelin Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaqi Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zelin Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxia Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
- *Correspondence: Fengxia Xiao,
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Mohammed HA, Khan RA. Anthocyanins: Traditional Uses, Structural and Functional Variations, Approaches to Increase Yields and Products' Quality, Hepatoprotection, Liver Longevity, and Commercial Products. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042149. [PMID: 35216263 PMCID: PMC8875224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are water-soluble, colored compounds of the flavonoid class, abundantly found in the fruits, leaves, roots, and other parts of the plants. The fruit berries are prime sources and exhibit different colors. The anthocyanins utility as traditional medicament for liver protection and cure, and importance as strongest plants-based anti-oxidants have conferred these plants products different biological activities. These activities include anti-inflammation, liver protective, analgesic, and anti-cancers, which have provided the anthocyanins an immense commercial value, and has impelled their chemistry, biological activity, isolation, and quality investigations as prime focus. Methods in extraction and production of anthocyanin-based products have assumed vital economic importance. Different extraction techniques in aquatic solvents mixtures, eutectic solvents, and other chemically reactive extractions including low acid concentrations-based extractions have been developed. The prophylactic and curative therapy roles of the anthocyanins, together with no reported toxicity has offered much-needed impetus and economic benefits to these classes of compounds which are commercially available. Information retrieval from various search engines, including the PubMed®, ScienceDirect®, Scopus®, and Google Scholar®, were used in the review preparation. This imparted an outlook on the anthocyanins occurrence, roles in plants, isolation-extraction, structures, biosynthetic as well as semi- and total-synthetic pathways, product quality and yields enhancements, including uses as part of traditional medicines, and uses in liver disorders, prophylactic and therapeutic applications in liver protection and longevity, liver cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. The review also highlights the integrated approach to yields maximizations to meet the regular demands of the anthocyanins products, also as part of the extract-rich preparations together with a listing of marketed products available for human consumption as nutraceuticals/food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdoon A. Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11371, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.A.M.); (R.A.K.)
| | - Riaz A. Khan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (H.A.M.); (R.A.K.)
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15
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Gonçalves AC, Costa AR, Flores-Félix JD, Falcão A, Alves G, Silva LR. Anti-Inflammatory and Antiproliferative Properties of Sweet Cherry Phenolic-Rich Extracts. Molecules 2022; 27:268. [PMID: 35011501 PMCID: PMC8747005 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cherries have largely been investigated due to their high content in phenolics in order to fully explore their health-promoting properties. Therefore, this work aimed to assess, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory potential of phenolic-targeted fractions of the Saco cherry, using RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Additionally, the cytotoxic effects on gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS), neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells were evaluated, as well as the ability to protect these cellular models against induced oxidative stress. The obtained data revealed that cherry fractions can interfere with cellular nitric oxide (NO) levels by capturing NO radicals and decreasing inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Furthermore, it was observed that all cherry fractions exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity against AGS cells, presenting cytotoxic selectivity for these cancer cells when compared to SH-SY5Y and NHDF cells. Regarding their capacity to protect cancer cells against oxidative injury, in most assays, the total cherry extract was the most effective. Overall, this study reinforces the idea that sweet cherries can be incorporated into new pharmaceutical products, smart foods and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.R.C.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Ana R. Costa
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.R.C.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
| | - José D. Flores-Félix
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.R.C.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.R.C.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.R.C.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG, Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Research Unit for Inland Development (UDI), Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
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16
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Gonçalves AC, Flores-Félix JD, Costa AR, Falcão A, Alves G, Silva LR. Hepatoprotective Effects of Sweet Cherry Extracts (cv. Saco). Foods 2021; 10:foods10112623. [PMID: 34828905 PMCID: PMC8621173 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second cause of death worldwide. Among cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most prevalent. Evidence indicates that the daily consumption of fruits and vegetables can prevent the onset of various cancers due to the presence of bioactive compounds. Sweet cherries are known for their richness in phenolics, including anthocyanins, which are the major constituents, and presumably, the key contributors to their biological activity. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of three different cherry fractions on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells viability and effectiveness to improve the redox status of these cells under oxidative damage induced by nitric oxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide. Phenolic characterization of fractions was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The obtained results indicated that enriched phenolic fractions of sweet cherries (cv. Saco, can impair cell viability and suppress cells growth after 72 h of exposure, promoting necrosis at the highest tested concentrations (>50 µg/mL). Additionally, fractions also showed the capacity to protect these cells against oxidative injury by capturing radicals before they can attack cells’ membrane and by modulating reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation, as demonstrated by bioinformatic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Gonçalves
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (A.R.C.); (G.A.)
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - José D. Flores-Félix
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (A.R.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Ana R. Costa
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (A.R.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (A.R.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (A.R.C.); (G.A.)
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG—Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior do Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-275-329-077
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