1
|
Läppchen T, Bilinska A, Pilatis E, Menéndez E, Imlimthan S, Moon ES, Afshar-Oromieh A, Rösch F, Rominger A, Gourni E. Tailoring Fibroblast-Activation Protein Targeting for Theranostics: A Comparative Preclinical Evaluation of the 68Ga- and 177Lu-Labeled Monomeric and Dimeric Fibroblast-Activation Protein Inhibitors DOTA.SA.FAPi and DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi) 2. Molecules 2024; 29:3093. [PMID: 38999044 PMCID: PMC11243320 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND FAP radiopharmaceuticals show promise for cancer diagnosis; however, their limited tumor residency hinders treatment. This study compared two FAPi derivatives, DOTA.SA.FAPi and DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2, labeled with gallium-68 and lutetium-177, aiming to determine an optimum combination for creating theranostic pairs. METHODS The radiotracers were studied for lipophilicity, binding to human serum proteins, and binding to human cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in vitro, including saturation and internalization/externalization studies. PET/SPECT/CT and biodistribution studies were conducted in PC3 and U87MG xenografts for [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi and [68Ga]Ga-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2. [177Lu]Lu-DOTA.SA.FAPi and [177Lu]Lu-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2, were evaluated in PC3 xenografts. Biodistribution studies of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi were performed in healthy male and female mice. RESULTS All radiotracers exhibited strong binding to FAP. Their internalization rate was fast while only [177Lu]Lu-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2 was retained longer in CAFs. [68Ga]Ga-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2 and [177Lu]Lu-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2 displayed elevated lipophilicity and affinity for human serum proteins compared to [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi and [177Lu]Lu-DOTA.SA.FAPi. In vivo studies revealed slower washout of [68Ga]Ga-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2 within 3 h compared to [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi. The tumor-to-tissue ratios of [68Ga]Ga-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2 versus [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi did not exhibit any significant differences. [177Lu]Lu-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2 maintained a significant tumor uptake even after 96 h p.i. compared to [177Lu]Lu-DOTA.SA.FAPi. CONCLUSIONS Dimeric compounds hold promise for therapy, while monomers are better suited for diagnostics. Finding the right combination is essential for effective disease management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Läppchen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (T.L.); (A.B.); (E.P.); (E.M.); (S.I.); (A.A.-O.); (A.R.)
| | - Adrianna Bilinska
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (T.L.); (A.B.); (E.P.); (E.M.); (S.I.); (A.A.-O.); (A.R.)
| | - Eirinaios Pilatis
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (T.L.); (A.B.); (E.P.); (E.M.); (S.I.); (A.A.-O.); (A.R.)
| | - Elena Menéndez
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (T.L.); (A.B.); (E.P.); (E.M.); (S.I.); (A.A.-O.); (A.R.)
| | - Surachet Imlimthan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (T.L.); (A.B.); (E.P.); (E.M.); (S.I.); (A.A.-O.); (A.R.)
| | - Euy Sung Moon
- Department of Chemistry—TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (E.S.M.); (F.R.)
| | - Ali Afshar-Oromieh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (T.L.); (A.B.); (E.P.); (E.M.); (S.I.); (A.A.-O.); (A.R.)
| | - Frank Rösch
- Department of Chemistry—TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (E.S.M.); (F.R.)
| | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (T.L.); (A.B.); (E.P.); (E.M.); (S.I.); (A.A.-O.); (A.R.)
| | - Eleni Gourni
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (T.L.); (A.B.); (E.P.); (E.M.); (S.I.); (A.A.-O.); (A.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Poulie CBM, Shalgunov V, Elvas F, Van Rymenant Y, Moon ES, Battisti UM, De Loose J, De Meester I, Rösch F, Van Der Veken P, Herth MM. Next generation fibroblast activation protein (FAP) targeting PET tracers - The tetrazine ligation allows an easy and convenient way to 18F-labeled (4-quinolinoyl)glycyl-2-cyanopyrrolidines. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 262:115862. [PMID: 37883899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecular fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)-based tracer have been shown to be promising Positron Emission Tomography (PET) 68Ga-labeled radiopharmaceuticals to image a variety of tumors including pancreatic, breast, and colorectal cancers, among others. In this study, we developed a novel 18F-labeled FAPI derivative. [18F]6 was labeled using a synthon approach based on the tetrazine ligation. It showed subnanomolar affinity for the FAP protein and a good selectivity profile against known off-target proteases. Small animal PET studies revealed high tumor uptake and good target-to-background ratios. [18F]6 was excreted via the liver. Overall, [18F]6 showed promising characteristics to be used as a PET tracer and could serve as a lead for further development of halogen-based theranostic FAPI radiopharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian B M Poulie
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; TetraKit Technologies, Ole Maaløes Vej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; TetraKit Technologies, Ole Maaløes Vej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Filipe Elvas
- Molecular Imaging and Radiology (MIRA), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Yentl Van Rymenant
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Euy-Sung Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Umberto Maria Battisti
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; TetraKit Technologies, Ole Maaløes Vej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joni De Loose
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ingrid De Meester
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Frank Rösch
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Pieter Van Der Veken
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; TetraKit Technologies, Ole Maaløes Vej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Y, Yuan H, Tang S, Liu Y, Cai P, Liu N, Chen Y, Zhou Z. The effects of novel macrocyclic chelates on the targeting properties of the 68Ga-labeled Gastrin releasing peptide receptor antagonist RM2. EJNMMI Res 2023; 13:56. [PMID: 37285007 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-023-01005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPr) is a molecular target for the visualization of prostate cancer. Bombesin (BN) analogs are short peptides with a high affinity for GRPr. RM2 is a bombesin-based antagonist. It has been demonstrated that RM2 have superior in vivo biodistribution and targeting properties than high-affinity receptor agonists. This study developed new RM2-like antagonists by introducing the novel bifunctional chelators AAZTA5 and DATA5m to RM2. RESULTS The effects of different macrocyclic chelating groups on drug targeting properties and the possibility of preparing 68Ga-radiopharmaceuticals in a kit-based protocol were investigated using 68Ga-labeled entities. Both new RM2 variants were labelled with 68Ga3+ resulting in high yields, stability, and low molarity of the ligand. DATA5m-RM2 and AAZTA5-RM2 incorporated 68Ga3+ nearly quantitatively at room temperature within 3-5 min, and the labelling yield for 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 was approximately 10% under the same conditions. 68Ga-AAZTA5-RM2 showed stronger hydrophilicity according to partition coefficient. Although the maximal cellular uptake values of the three compounds were similar, 68Ga-AAZTA5-RM2 and 68Ga-DATA5m-RM2 peaked more rapidly. Biodistribution studies showed high and specific tumor uptake, with a maximum of 9.12 ± 0.81 percentage injected activity per gram of tissue (%ID/g) for 68Ga-DATA5m-RM2 and 7.82 ± 0.61%ID/g for 68Ga-AAZTA5-RM2 at 30 min after injection. CONCLUSIONS The conditions for complexation of DATA5m-RM2 and AAZTA5-RM2 with gallium-68 are milder, faster and require less amount of precursors than DOTA-RM2. Chelators had an evident influence on the pharmacokinetics and targeting properties of 68Ga-X-RM2 derivatives. Positively charged 68Ga-DATA5m-RM2 provided a high tumor uptake, high image contrast and good capability of targeting GRPr.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinwen Wang
- The Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongmei Yuan
- The Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Sufan Tang
- The Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- The Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Cai
- The Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Chen
- The Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- The Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ballal S, Yadav MP, Roesch F, Wakade N, Raju S, Sheokand P, Mishra P, Moon ES, Tripathi M, Martin M, Bal C. Head-to-Head Comparison between [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi and [18F]F-FDG PET/CT Imaging in Patients with Breast Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040521. [PMID: 37111277 PMCID: PMC10144331 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi with that of [18F]F-FDG PET/CT in detecting primary and metastatic lesions of breast cancer. [18F]F-FDG and [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi PET/CT scans of histologically proven breast cancer patients were compared according to patient-based and lesion-based analysis. Forty-seven patients with a mean age of 44.8 ± 9.9 years (range: 31–66 years) were evaluated. A total of 85% of patients had invasive ductal carcinoma, and 15% had invasive lobular carcinoma. The tracer uptake [SULpeak, SULavg, and the median tumor-to-background ratio (TBR)] was significantly higher in [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi than with [18F]F-FDG PET/CT for lymph nodes, pleural metastases, and liver lesions (p < 0.05). However, for brain metastasis, only the median TBR was significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to [18F]F-FDG. In patient-based analysis the sensitivity of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi PET/CT was higher, but not significant than that of [18F]F-FDG PET/CT in the detection of both primary tumors and metastatic lesions. According to lesion-based analysis, on diagnostic CT, 47 patients had 44 primary tumors, 248 lymph nodes, 15 pleural, 88 liver, and 42 brain metastases. [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi scan identified more abnormal lesions than [18F]F-FDG in all the primary and metastatic sites with a maximum marked difference in the primary site [88.6% vs. 81.8%; p-0.001], lymph nodes [89.1% vs. 83.8%; p-0.0001], pleural metastases [93.3% vs. 73%; p-0.096] and brain metastasis [100% vs. 59.5%; p-0.0001]. [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi PET/CT was superior to [18F]F-FDG PET/CT in the imaging of breast cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Ballal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (S.B.)
| | - Madhav P. Yadav
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (S.B.)
| | - Frank Roesch
- Department of Chemistry—TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicky Wakade
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (S.B.)
| | - Shobhana Raju
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (S.B.)
| | - Parvind Sheokand
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (S.B.)
| | - Prashant Mishra
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (S.B.)
| | - Euy Sung Moon
- Department of Chemistry—TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Madhavi Tripathi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (S.B.)
| | - Marcel Martin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (S.B.)
| | - Chandrasekhar Bal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (S.B.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Martin M, Ballal S, Yadav MP, Bal C, Van Rymenant Y, De Loose J, Verhulst E, De Meester I, Van Der Veken P, Roesch F. Novel Generation of FAP Inhibitor-Based Homodimers for Improved Application in Radiotheranostics. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061889. [PMID: 36980775 PMCID: PMC10047490 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiopharmaceuticals based on the highly potent FAP inhibitor (FAPi) UAMC-1110 have shown great potential in molecular imaging, but the short tumor retention time of the monomers do not match the physical half-lives of the important therapeutic radionuclides 177Lu and 225Ac. This was improved with the dimer DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2, but pharmacological and radiolabeling properties still need optimization. Therefore, the novel FAPi homodimers DO3A.Glu.(FAPi)2 and DOTAGA.Glu.(FAPi)2. were synthesized and quantitatively radiolabeled with 68Ga, 90Y, 177Lu and 225Ac. The radiolabeled complexes showed high hydrophilicity and were generally stable in human serum (HS) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 37 °C over two half-lives, except for [225Ac]Ac-DOTAGA.Glu.(FAPi)2 in PBS. In vitro affinity studies resulted in subnanomolar IC50 values for FAP and high selectivity for FAP over the related proteases PREP and DPP4 for both compounds as well as for [natLu]Lu-DOTAGA.Glu.(FAPi)2. In a first proof-of-principle patient study (medullary thyroid cancer), [177Lu]Lu-DOTAGA.Glu.(FAPi)2 was compared to [177Lu]Lu-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2. High uptake and long tumor retention was observed in both cases, but [177Lu]Lu-DOTAGA.Glu.(FAPi)2 significantly reduces uptake in non-target and critical organs (liver, colon). Overall, the novel FAPi homodimer DOTAGA.Glu.(FAPi)2 showed improved radiolabeling in vitro and pharmacological properties in vivo compared to DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2. [177Lu]Lu-DOTAGA.Glu.(FAPi)2 and [225Ac]Ac-DOTAGA.Glu.(FAPi)2 appear promising for translational application in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Martin
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sanjana Ballal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Madhav Prasad Yadav
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Chandrasekhar Bal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Yentl Van Rymenant
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Joni De Loose
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Emile Verhulst
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ingrid De Meester
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van Der Veken
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Frank Roesch
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Radiometal-theranostics: the first 20 years*. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08624-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis review describes the basic principles of radiometal-theranostics and its dawn based on the development of the positron-emitting 86Y and 86Y-labeled radiopharmaceuticals to quantify biodistribution and dosimetry of 90Y-labeled analogue therapeutics. The nuclear and inorganic development of 86Y (including nuclear and cross section data, irradiation, radiochemical separation and recovery) led to preclinical and clinical evaluation of 86Y-labeled citrate and EDTMP complexes and yielded organ radiation doses in terms of mGy/MBq 90Y. The approach was extended to [86/90Y]Y-DOTA-TOC, yielding again yielded organ radiation doses in terms of mGy/MBq 90Y. The review further discusses the consequences of this early development in terms of further radiometals that were used (68Ga, 177Lu etc.), more chelators that were developed, new biological targets that were addressed (SSTR, PSMA, FAP, etc.) and subsequent generations of radiometal-theranostics that resulted out of that.
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang R, Pu Y, Huang S, Yang C, Yang F, Pu Y, Li J, Chen L, Huang Y. FAPI-PET/CT in Cancer Imaging: A Potential Novel Molecule of the Century. Front Oncol 2022; 12:854658. [PMID: 35692767 PMCID: PMC9174525 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.854658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP), a type II transmembrane serine protease, is highly expressed in more than 90% of epithelial tumors and is closely associated with various tumor invasion, metastasis, and prognosis. Using FAP as a target, various FAP inhibitors (FAPIs) have been developed, most of which have nanomolar levels of FAP affinity and high selectivity and are used for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of different tumors. We have conducted a systematic review of the available data; summarized the biological principles of FAPIs for PET imaging, the synthesis model, and metabolic characteristics of the radiotracer; and compared the respective values of FAPIs and the current mainstream tracer 18F-Fludeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) in the clinical management of tumor and non-tumor lesions. Available research evidence indicates that FAPIs are a molecular imaging tool complementary to 18F-FDG and are expected to be the new molecule of the century with better imaging effects than 18F-FDG in a variety of cancers, including gastrointestinal tumors, liver tumors, breast tumors, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- Department of PET/CT Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Pu
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Shun Huang
- Department of Nuclear medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Conghui Yang
- Department of PET/CT Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Fake Yang
- Department of PET/CT Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Yongzhu Pu
- Department of PET/CT Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Jindan Li
- Department of PET/CT Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of PET/CT Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yunchao Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fersing C, Masurier N, Rubira L, Deshayes E, Lisowski V. AAZTA-Derived Chelators for the Design of Innovative Radiopharmaceuticals with Theranostic Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:234. [PMID: 35215346 PMCID: PMC8879111 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of 68Ga and 177Lu radiochemistry, theranostic approaches in modern nuclear medicine enabling patient-centered personalized medicine applications have been growing in the last decade. In conjunction with the search for new relevant molecular targets, the design of innovative chelating agents to easily form stable complexes with various radiometals for theranostic applications has gained evident momentum. Initially conceived for magnetic resonance imaging applications, the chelating agent AAZTA features a mesocyclic seven-membered diazepane ring, conferring some of the properties of both acyclic and macrocyclic chelating agents. Described in the early 2000s, AAZTA and its derivatives exhibited interesting properties once complexed with metals and radiometals, combining a fast kinetic of formation with a slow kinetic of dissociation. Importantly, the extremely short coordination reaction times allowed by AAZTA derivatives were particularly suitable for short half-life radioelements (i.e., 68Ga). In view of these particular characteristics, the scope of this review is to provide a survey on the design, synthesis, and applications in the nuclear medicine/radiopharmacy field of AAZTA-derived chelators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Fersing
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France; (L.R.); (E.D.)
- IBMM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France; (N.M.); (V.L.)
| | - Nicolas Masurier
- IBMM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France; (N.M.); (V.L.)
| | - Léa Rubira
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France; (L.R.); (E.D.)
| | - Emmanuel Deshayes
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France; (L.R.); (E.D.)
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University of Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Lisowski
- IBMM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France; (N.M.); (V.L.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, 191 Av. du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295 Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Qin C, Song Y, Cai W, Lan X. Dimeric FAPI with potential for tumor theranostics. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2021; 11:537-541. [PMID: 35003891 PMCID: PMC8727879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Radionuclide-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitors (FAPIs) are popular nuclear imaging probes in recent years. It's of great significance for tumor diagnosis and has great potential in tumor treatment. However, optimization of the probes is needed to further increase tumor uptake and prolong tumor retention for improved treatment efficacy and fewer side effects. In this issue of AJNMMI, Moon et al. reported two squaramide coupled FAPI conjugates (DOTA.(SA.FAPi)2 and DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2) and labeled them with 68Ga. The resulted tracers showed increased tumor accumulation and persistent retention, which led to an advance in PET imaging. The use of dimeric structures provides a feasible strategy to develop radiotherapeutic analogs of FAP inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Qin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular ImagingWuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Yangmeihui Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular ImagingWuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison 53705, WI, USA
| | - Xiaoli Lan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular ImagingWuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Moon ES, Ballal S, Yadav MP, Bal C, Van Rymenant Y, Stephan S, Bracke A, Van der Veken P, De Meester I, Roesch F. Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP) targeting homodimeric FAP inhibitor radiotheranostics: a step to improve tumor uptake and retention time. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2021; 11:476-491. [PMID: 35003886 PMCID: PMC8727881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Several radiopharmaceuticals targeting fibroblast activation protein (FAP) based on the highly potent FAP inhibitor UAMC1110 are currently under investigation. Pre-clinical as well as clinical research exhibited the potential of these imaging agents. However, the monomeric small molecules seemed to have a short retention time in the tumor in combination with fast renal clearance. Therefore, our strategy was to develop homodimeric systems having two FAP inhibitors to improve residence time and tumor accumulation. The homodimers with two squaramide coupled FAP inhibitor conjugates DOTA.(SA.FAPi)2 and DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2 were synthesized and radiochemically evaluated with gallium-68. [68Ga]Ga-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2 was tested for its in vitro stability, lipophilicity and affinity properties. In addition, human PET/CT scans were performed for [68Ga]Ga-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2 with a head-to-head comparison with [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi and [18F]FDG. Labeling with gallium-68 demonstrated high radiochemical yields. Inhibition measurements revealed excellent affinity and selectivity with low nanomolar IC50 values for FAP. In PET/CT human studies, significantly higher tumor uptake as well as longer tumor retention could be observed for [68Ga]Ga-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2 compared to [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi. Therefore, the introduction of the dimer led to an advance in human PET imaging indicated by increased tumor accumulation and prolonged retention times in vivo and thus, the use of dimeric structures could be the next step towards prolonged uptake of FAP inhibitors resulting in radiotherapeutic analogs of FAP inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Euy Sung Moon
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sanjana Ballal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029, India
| | - Madhav Prasad Yadav
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029, India
| | - Chandrasekhar Bal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029, India
| | - Yentl Van Rymenant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of AntwerpWilrijk 2610, Belgium
| | - Sarah Stephan
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - An Bracke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of AntwerpWilrijk 2610, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van der Veken
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of AntwerpWilrijk 2610, Belgium
| | - Ingrid De Meester
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of AntwerpWilrijk 2610, Belgium
| | - Frank Roesch
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|