1
|
Ahmad Bhat N, Gani A, Gani A. Identification, quantification and nutraceutical evaluation of the extracts from Arnebia benthamii roots of Himalayan regions of J&K, India. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 109:106985. [PMID: 39047460 PMCID: PMC11321380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Arnebia benthamii is one of the important sources of biologically active naphthoquinone pigments. The present study aimed at extraction of shikonin from Arnebia benthamii roots and its characterization. In order to identify and quantify shikonin, the extracts were evaluated using HPLC, LCMS, GCMS, NP-HPTLC and FTIR. Furthermore, nutraceutical evaluation was also done. It was found that the amount of shikonin was very low in the extracts obtained by using aqueous ethanol as it was not detected through chromatographic techniques. However, when hexane was used for extraction, a significant amount of shikonin (4.55 mg/g) was detected. The shikonin showed a linear range from 2-55 µg/mL with LOD and LOQ of 2.65 and 8.02 respectively, with a retention time of 3.64 min. The results of FTIR revealed that hexane extract had the intensity of functional groups similar to that of the standard. The values of DPPH radical inhibition were observed as 82.98 ± 0.01, 65.09 ± 0.23 %, 62.28 ± 0.86 % and 54.09 ± 0.23 % for Std, Ehex, Eus and Evs, respectively. The hexane extract showed the highest antioxidant activity as compared to other samples. Moreover, the hexane extracted shikonin displayed significantly (p > 0.05) high α-amylase and pancreatic lipase inhibition, indicating its high anti-diabetic and anti-lipidemic potential. It can be concluded that hexane is the best solvent for the extraction of shikonin and has better nutraceutical potential compared to ethanolic extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naseer Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Adil Gani
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India.
| | - Asir Gani
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Saeed M, Shoaib A, Tasleem M, Al-Shammary A, Kausar MA, El Asmar Z, Abdelgadir A, Sulieman AME, Ahmed EH, Zahin M, Ansari IA. Role of Alkannin in the Therapeutic Targeting of Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B and Aldose Reductase in Type 2 Diabetes: An In Silico and In Vitro Evaluation. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:36099-36113. [PMID: 39220541 PMCID: PMC11359625 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Alkannin is a plant-derived naphthoquinone that is isolated from the Boraginaceae family plants. In our previous studies, we found that shikonin, which is the R-enantiomer of alkannin, has potent antidiabetic activity by inhibiting the action of the aldose reductase (AR) enzyme and the protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). Therefore, in this study, we aim to explore the antidiabetic effect of alkannin targeting PTP1B and AR by employing in silico and in vitro techniques. For in silico, we used different parameters such as ADMET analysis, molecular docking, MD simulation, Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD), protein-ligand mapping, and free binding energy calculation. The in vitro evaluation was done by assessing the inhibitory activity and enzyme kinetics of PTP1B and AR inhibition by alkannin. The in silico studies indicate that alkannin possesses favorable pharmacological properties and possesses strong binding affinity for diabetes target proteins. Hydrogen bonds (Val297, Ala299, Leu300, and Ser302) and hydrophobic interactions (Trp20, Val47, Tyr48, Trp79, Trp111, Phe122, Trp219, Val297, Cys298, Ala299, Leu300, and Leu301) are established by the compound, which potentially improves specificity and aids in the stabilization of the protein-ligand complex. The results from in vitro studies show a potent dose-dependent PTP1B inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 19.47 μM, and toward AR it was estimated at 22.77 μM. Thus, from the results it is concluded that a low IC50 value of alkannin for both PTP1B and AR along with favorable pharmacological properties and optimal intra-molecular interactions indicates its utilization as a potential drug candidate for the management of diabetes and its end complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Saeed
- Department
of Biology, College of Sciences, University
of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2240, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ambreen Shoaib
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munazzah Tasleem
- Center
for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical
College and Hospital, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Asma Al-Shammary
- Department
of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2240, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Adnan Kausar
- Department
of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University
of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2240, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeina El Asmar
- Department
of Biology, College of Sciences, University
of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2240, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelmuhsin Abdelgadir
- Department
of Biology, College of Sciences, University
of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2240, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel Moneim E. Sulieman
- Department
of Biology, College of Sciences, University
of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2240, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enas Haridy Ahmed
- University
of Ha’il, Faculty of Medicine
Anatomy Department, Ha’il, KSA, Ain Shams University, Faculty
of Medicine Anatomy and Embryology Department, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Maryam Zahin
- James
Graham
Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alshaghdali K, Tasleem M, Rezgui R, Alharazi T, Acar T, Aljerwan RF, Altayyar A, Siddiqui S, Saeed M, Yadav DK, Saeed A. C ucumis melo compounds: A new avenue for ALR-2 inhibition in diabetes mellitus. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35255. [PMID: 39170458 PMCID: PMC11336452 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prominent contributor to morbidity and mortality in developed nations, primarily attributable to vascular complications such as atherothrombosis occurring in the coronary arteries. Aldose reductase (ALR2), the main enzyme in the polyol pathway, catalyzes the conversion of glucose to sorbitol, leading to a significant buildup of reactive oxygen species in different tissues. It is therefore a prime candidate for therapeutic targeting, and extensive study is currently underway to discover novel natural compounds that can inhibit it. Cucumis melo (C. melo) has a long history as a lipid-lowering ethanopharmaceutical plant. In this study, compounds derived from C. melo were computationally evaluated as possible lead candidates. Various computational filtering methods were employed to assess the drug-like properties and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) profiles of the compounds. The compounds were subsequently addressed to analysis of their interactions, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation studies. When compared to the conventional therapeutic compounds, three compounds exhibited enhanced binding affinity and intra-molecular residue interactions, resulting in increased stability and specificity. Consequently, four potent inhibitors, namely PubChem CIDs 119205, 65373, 6184, and 332427, have been identified. These inhibitors exhibit promising potential as pharmacological targets for the advancement of novel ALR-2 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Alshaghdali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Raja Rezgui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal Alharazi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Tolgahan Acar
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed Altayyar
- Regional Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samra Siddiqui
- Department of Health Service Management, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Global Health Research Saveetha Medical College Chennai - 602105, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Hambakmoeiro, Yeonsugu, Incheon City, 21924, South Korea
| | - Amir Saeed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Medical Science & Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gao J, Jiang Z, Adams E, Van Schepdael A. A fast and efficient method for screening and evaluation of hypoglycemic ingredients of Traditional Chinese Medicine acting on PTP1B by capillary electrophoresis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 244:116125. [PMID: 38554553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
As a pivotal enzyme that regulates dephosphorylation in cell activities and participates in the insulin signaling pathway, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is considered to be an important target for the therapy of diabetes. In this work, a rapid and efficient inhibitor screening method of PTP1B was established based on capillary electrophoresis (CE), and used for screening and evaluating the inhibition effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on PTP1B. Response Surface Methodology was used for optimizing the conditions of analysis. After method validation, the enzyme kinetic study and inhibition test were performed. As a result, the IC50 of PTP1B inhibitors Ⅳ and ⅩⅧ were consistent with reported values measured by a conventional method. It was found that the extracts of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bunge and Morus alba L. showed prominent inhibition on the activity of PTP1B, which were stronger than the positive controls. Meanwhile, on top of the excellent advantages of CE, the whole analysis time is less than 2 min. Thus, the results demonstrated that a fast and efficient screening method was successfully developed. This method could be a powerful tool for screening inhibitors from complex systems. It can also provide an effective basis for lead compound development in drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gao
- KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, O&N2, PB 923, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Zhengjin Jiang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Erwin Adams
- KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, O&N2, PB 923, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Schepdael
- KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, O&N2, PB 923, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yin J, Huang Y, Wang K, Zhong Q, Liu Y, Ji Z, Liao Y, Ma Z, Bei W, Wang W. Ginseng extract improves pancreatic islet injury and promotes β-cell regeneration in T2DM mice. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1407200. [PMID: 38989151 PMCID: PMC11234855 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1407200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. (Araliaceae; Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), a traditional plant commonly utilized in Eastern Asia, has demonstrated efficacy in treating neuro-damaging diseases and diabetes mellitus. However, its precise roles and mechanism in alleviating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) need further study. The objective of this study is to explore the pharmacological effects of ginseng extract and elucidate its potential mechanisms in protecting islets and promoting β-cell regeneration. Methods The T2DM mouse model was induced through streptozotocin combined with a high-fat diet. Two batches of mice were sacrificed on the 7th and 28th days following ginseng extract administration. Body weight, fasting blood glucose levels, and glucose tolerance were detected. Morphological changes in the pancreatic islets were examined via H & E staining. Levels of serum insulin, glucagon, GLP-1, and inflammatory factors were measured using ELISA. The ability of ginseng extract to promote pancreatic islet β-cell regeneration was evaluated through insulin & PCNA double immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, the mechanism behind β-cells regeneration was explored through insulin & glucagon double immunofluorescence staining, accompanied by immunohistochemical staining and western blot analyses. Results and Discussion The present research revealed that ginseng extract alleviates symptoms of T2DM in mice, including decreased blood glucose levels and improved glucose tolerance. Serum levels of insulin, GLP-1, and IL-10 increased following the administration of ginseng extract, while levels of glucagon, TNF-α, and IL-1β decreased. Ginseng extract preserved normal islet morphology, increased nascent β-cell population, and inhibited inflammatory infiltration within the islets, moreover, it decreased α-cell proportion while increasing β-cell proportion. Mechanistically, ginseng extract might inhibit ARX and MAFB expressions, increase MAFA level to aid in α-cell to β-cell transformation, and activate AKT-FOXM1/cyclin D2 to enhance β-cell proliferation. Our study suggests that ginseng extract may be a promising therapy in treating T2DM, especially in those with islet injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Yin
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanfeng Huang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin Zhong
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zirui Ji
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiwen Liao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- Baishan Institute of Science and Technology, Baishan, Jilin, China
| | - Weijian Bei
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weixuan Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Edder Y, Louchachha I, Faris A, Maatallah M, Azzaoui K, Zerrouk M, Saadi M, El Ammari L, Berraho M, Merzouki M, Boualy B, Hammouti B, Sabbahi R, Karim A, Alanazi MM, Ayerdi Gotor A, Rhazi L. Synthesis of Novel Nitro-Halogenated Aryl-Himachalene Sesquiterpenes from Atlas Cedar Oil Components: Characterization, DFT Studies, and Molecular Docking Analysis against Various Isolated Smooth Muscles. Molecules 2024; 29:2894. [PMID: 38930959 PMCID: PMC11206413 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis of two novel halogenated nitro-arylhimachalene derivatives: 2-bromo-3,5,5,9-tetramethyl-1-nitro-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulene (bromo-nitro-arylhimachalene) and 2-chloro-3,5,5,9-tetramethyl-1,4-dinitro-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulene (chloro-dinitro-arylhimachalene). These compounds were derived from arylhimachalene, an important sesquiterpene component of Atlas cedar essential oil, via a two-step halogenation and nitration process. Characterization was performed using 1H and 13C NMR spectrometry, complemented by X-ray structural analysis. Quantum chemical calculations employing density functional theory (DFT) with the Becke3-Lee-Yang-parr (B3LYP) functional and a 6-31++G(d,p) basis set were conducted. The optimized geometries of the synthesized compounds were consistent with X-ray structure data. Frontier molecular orbitals and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) profiles were identified and discussed. DFT reactivity indices provided insights into the compounds' behaviors. Moreover, Hirshfeld surface and 2D fingerprint analyses revealed significant intermolecular interactions within the crystal structures, predominantly H-H and H-O contacts. Molecular docking studies demonstrate strong binding affinities of the synthesized compounds to the active site of protein 7B2W, suggesting potential therapeutic applications against various isolated smooth muscles and neurotransmitters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Edder
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, BP 2390, Marrakech 40001, Morocco; (I.L.); (A.F.); (M.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Issam Louchachha
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, BP 2390, Marrakech 40001, Morocco; (I.L.); (A.F.); (M.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Abdelmajid Faris
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, BP 2390, Marrakech 40001, Morocco; (I.L.); (A.F.); (M.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Mohamed Maatallah
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, BP 2390, Marrakech 40001, Morocco; (I.L.); (A.F.); (M.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Khalil Azzaoui
- Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic, Molecular Materials, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fes 30000, Morocco; (K.A.); (M.Z.)
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Polytechnic School, Euromed University of Fes, Fes 30030, Morocco;
| | - Mohammed Zerrouk
- Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic, Molecular Materials, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fes 30000, Morocco; (K.A.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mohamed Saadi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée des Matériaux, Centre des Sciences des Matériaux, Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP 1014, Rabat 10000, Morocco; (M.S.); (L.E.A.)
| | - Lahcen El Ammari
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée des Matériaux, Centre des Sciences des Matériaux, Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP 1014, Rabat 10000, Morocco; (M.S.); (L.E.A.)
| | - Moha Berraho
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Unité Associée au CNRST (URAC16), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, BP 2390, Marrakech 40001, Morocco;
| | - Mohammed Merzouki
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Environment (LCAE-ECOMP), Faculty of Science Oujda, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco;
| | - Brahim Boualy
- Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation Laboratory, Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Khouribga, Université Sultan Moulay Slimane de Beni-Mellal, Khouribga 23000, Morocco;
| | - Belkheir Hammouti
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Polytechnic School, Euromed University of Fes, Fes 30030, Morocco;
| | - Rachid Sabbahi
- Research Team in Science and Technology, Higher School of Technology, Ibn Zohr University, Laayoune 70000, Morocco;
| | - Abdallah Karim
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, BP 2390, Marrakech 40001, Morocco; (I.L.); (A.F.); (M.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Mohammed M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Alicia Ayerdi Gotor
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, AGHYLE, UP 2018.C101, UniLaSalle, 19 Rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026 Beauvais, France;
| | - Larbi Rhazi
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Université d’Artois, ULR 7519, 19 Rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026 Beauvais, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim YG, Lee JH, Kim SH, Park SY, Kim YJ, Ryu CM, Seo HW, Lee JT. Inhibition of Biofilm Formation in Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans by the Phytopigment Shikonin. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2426. [PMID: 38397101 PMCID: PMC10888572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin microbiota, such as acne-related Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and fungal Candida albicans, can form polymicrobial biofilms with greater antimicrobial tolerance to traditional antimicrobial agents and host immune systems. In this study, the phytopigment shikonin was investigated against single-species and multispecies biofilms under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of shikonin were 10 µg/mL against C. acnes, S. aureus, and C. albicans, and at 1-5 µg/mL, shikonin efficiently inhibited single biofilm formation and multispecies biofilm development by these three microbes. Shikonin increased porphyrin production in C. acnes, inhibited cell aggregation and hyphal formation by C. albicans, decreased lipase production, and increased hydrophilicity in S. aureus. In addition, shikonin at 5 or 10 µg/mL repressed the transcription of various biofilm-related genes and virulence-related genes in C. acnes and downregulated the gene expression levels of the quorum-sensing agrA and RNAIII, α-hemolysin hla, and nuclease nuc1 in S. aureus, supporting biofilm inhibition. In addition, shikonin prevented multispecies biofilm development on porcine skin, and the antimicrobial efficacy of shikonin was recapitulated in a mouse infection model, in which it promoted skin regeneration. The study shows that shikonin inhibits multispecies biofilm development by acne-related skin microbes and might be useful for controlling bacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Guy Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (Y.-G.K.); (J.-H.L.); (S.-H.K.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Jin-Hyung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (Y.-G.K.); (J.-H.L.); (S.-H.K.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Sang-Hun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (Y.-G.K.); (J.-H.L.); (S.-H.K.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Sun-Young Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (Y.-G.K.); (J.-H.L.); (S.-H.K.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Yu-Jeong Kim
- Biosystems & Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon Campus, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (C.-M.R.)
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Biosystems & Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon Campus, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (C.-M.R.)
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwi-Won Seo
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Tae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (Y.-G.K.); (J.-H.L.); (S.-H.K.); (S.-Y.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Roney M, Dubey A, Issahaku AR, Uddin MN, Tufail A, Wilhelm A, Zamri NB, Aluwi MFFM. Insights from in silico exploration of major curcumin analogs targeting human dipeptidyl peptidase IV. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38260948 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2306197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The goal of this work is to use a variety of in-silico techniques to identify anti-diabetic agents against DPP-IV enzyme from five main curcumin analogues. To produce the successful molecules, five main curcumin analogues were docked into the active site of DPP-IV enzyme. In comparison to the control molecule (Saxagliptin, -6.9 kcal/mol), all the compounds have the highest binding affinity (-7.6 to -7.7 kcal/mol) for the DPP-IV enzyme. These compounds underwent further testing for studies on drug-likeness, pharmacokinetics, and acute toxicity to see the efficacy and safety of compounds. To assess the stability of the docking complex and the binding posture identified during the docking experiment, our study got THC as the lead compound, which was then exposed to 200 ns of molecular dynamic simulation and PCA analysis. Additionally, DFT calculations were conducted to determine the thermodynamic, molecular orbital, and electrostatic potential characteristics of lead compound. Overall, the lead chemical has shown strong drug-like properties, is non-toxic, and has a sizable affinity for the DPP-IV enzyme.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miah Roney
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
- Bio Aromatic Research Centre, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
| | - Amit Dubey
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Computational Chemistry and Drug Discovery Division, Quanta Calculus, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Md Nazim Uddin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Aisha Tufail
- Department of Computational Chemistry and Drug Discovery Division, Quanta Calculus, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anke Wilhelm
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Normaiza Binti Zamri
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fadhlizil Fasihi Mohd Aluwi
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
- Bio Aromatic Research Centre, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Roney M, Issahaku AR, Aluwi MFFM. Virtual screening of pyrazole derivatives of usnic acid as new class of anti-hyperglycemic agents against PPARγ agonists. In Silico Pharmacol 2023; 11:36. [PMID: 37994367 PMCID: PMC10660966 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-023-00176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The finest sources of therapeutic agents are natural products, and usnic acid is a secondary metabolite derived from lichen that has a wide range of biological actions, including anti-viral, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-diabetic (hyperglycemia). Based on the hyperglycemia activity of UA, this work seeks to identify new anti-hyperglycemia medicines by virtual screening of pyrazole derivatives of UA. Seven hit compounds (Compounds 1, 5, 6, 7, 17, 18 and 33), which finally go through docking-based screening to produce the lead molecule, were identified by the physicochemical attributes, drug-likeliness, and ADMET prediction. The docking score for the chosen compounds containing PPARγ agonists ranged from -7.6 to -9.2 kcal/mol, whereas the docking goal for compounds 5, 6, and 7 was -9.2 kcal/mol. Based on the binding energy and bound amino acid residues as well as compared to the reference compound, compound-6 considered as lead compound. Furthermore, the MD simulation of 3CS8-Compound-6 and 3CS8-Rosiglitazone complexes were performed to verify the stability of these complexes and the binding posture acquired in docking experiments. The compound-6 had strong pharmacological characteristics, bound to the PPARγ agonist active site, and was expected to reduce the activity of the receptor, according to the virtual screening results. It must be justified to conduct both in-vitro and in-vivo experiments to examine the efficacy of this compound. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40203-023-00176-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miah Roney
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Pahang Darul Makmur, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, Kuantan, 26300 Malaysia
- Centre for Bio-aromatic Research, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Pahang Darul Makmur, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, Kuantan, 26300 Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rashid Issahaku
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, 205 Nelson Mandela Avenue, Bloemfontein, 9301 South Africa
| | - Mohd Fadhlizil Fasihi Mohd Aluwi
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Pahang Darul Makmur, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, Kuantan, 26300 Malaysia
- Centre for Bio-aromatic Research, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Pahang Darul Makmur, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, Kuantan, 26300 Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sulyman AO, Fulcher J, Crossley S, Fatokun AA, Olorunniji FJ. Shikonin and Juglone Inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis Low-Molecular-Weight Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase a (Mt-PTPa). BIOTECH 2023; 12:59. [PMID: 37754203 PMCID: PMC10526854 DOI: 10.3390/biotech12030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight protein tyrosine phosphatases (LMW-PTPs) are involved in promoting the intracellular survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative organism of tuberculosis. These PTPs directly alter host signalling pathways to evade the hostile environment of macrophages and avoid host clearance. Among these, protein tyrosine phosphatase A (Mt-PTPa) is implicated in phagosome acidification failure, thereby inhibiting phagosome maturation to promote Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) survival. In this study, we explored Mt-PTPa as a potential drug target for treating Mtb. We started by screening a library of 502 pure natural compounds against the activities of Mt-PTPa in vitro, with a threshold of 50% inhibition of activity via a <500 µM concentration of the candidate drugs. The initial screen identified epigallocatechin, myricetin, rosmarinic acid, and shikonin as hits. Among these, the naphthoquinone, shikonin (5, 8-dihydroxy-2-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-pentenyl]-1,4-naphthoquinone), showed the strongest inhibition (IC50 33 µM). Further tests showed that juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione), another naphthoquinone, displayed similar potent inhibition of Mt-PTPa to shikonin. Kinetic analysis of the inhibition patterns suggests a non-competitive inhibition mechanism for both compounds, with inhibitor constants (Ki) of 8.5 µM and 12.5 µM for shikonin and juglone, respectively. Our findings are consistent with earlier studies suggesting that Mt-PTPa is susceptible to specific allosteric modulation via a non-competitive or mixed inhibition mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhakeem O. Sulyman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kwara State University, Malete 241103, Nigeria
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Jessie Fulcher
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Samuel Crossley
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Amos A. Fatokun
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Femi J. Olorunniji
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abadan S, Saglam MF, Koca MS, Bingul M, Sahin H, Zorlu Y, Sengul IF. Synthesis and Molecular Modeling Studies of Naphthazarin Derivatives as Novel Selective Inhibitors of α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.134954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
12
|
(−)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) pharmacokinetics and molecular interactions towards amelioration of hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia associated hepatorenal oxidative injury in alloxan induced diabetic mice. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
13
|
Identification of Potential Molecular Targets and Active Ingredients of Mingmu Dihuang Pill for the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Based on Network Pharmacology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2896185. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/2896185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Mingmu Dihuang Pill (MMDHP) is a traditional Chinese formula that has shown remarkable improvements of dry eyes, tearing, and blurry vision; however, the mechanisms underlying MMDHP treatment for diabetic retinopathy have not been fully understood. This study is aimed at identifying the molecular targets and active ingredients of MMDHP for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy based on network pharmacology. Methods. All active ingredients of MMDHP were retrieved from TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM databases, and the targets of active ingredients of MMDHP were predicted on the SwissTargetPrediction website. Diabetic retinopathy-related target sets were retrieved from GeneCards and OMIM databases, and the intersecting targets between targets of active ingredients of MMDHP and potential therapeutic targets of diabetic retinopathy were collected to generate the traditional Chinese medicine-ingredient-target-diabetic retinopathy network and to create the protein-protein interaction network. In addition, GO terms and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed to identify the potential pathways, and molecular docking was employed to verify the binding of active ingredients of MMDHP to key targets of diabetic retinopathy. Results. Network pharmacology predicted 183 active ingredients and 904 targets from MMDHP, and 203 targets were intersected with the therapeutic targets of diabetic retinopathy. The top 10 hub targets included PIK3RA, TP53, SRC, JUN, HRAS, AKT1, VEGFA, EGFR, ESR1, and PI3KCA. GO terms and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses identified AGE-RAGE, PI3K-AKT, and Rap1 signaling pathways as major pathways involved in MMDHP treatment for diabetic retinopathy. Molecular docking confirmed a good binding affinity of active ingredients of MMDHP, including luteolin, acacetin, naringenin, and alisol B, with AKT1, SRC, and VEGFA as the three key targets of diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion. MMDHP may be effective for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy through active ingredients luteolin, acacetin, naringenin, and alisol B via AKT1, SRC, and VEGFA in AGE-RAGE, PI3K-AKT, and Rap1 signaling pathways.
Collapse
|
14
|
Bai X, Fan W, Luo Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Liao X. Fast Screening of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitor from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge by Cell Display-Based Ligand Fishing. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227896. [PMID: 36431993 PMCID: PMC9693971 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge is a medicinal plant (Chinese name "Danshen") widely used for the treatment of hyperglycemia in traditional Chinese medicine. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has been recognized as a potential target for insulin sensitizing for the treatment of diabetes. In this work, PTP1B was displayed at the surface of E. coli cells (EC-PTP1B) to be used as a bait for fishing of the enzyme's inhibitors present in the aqueous extract of S. miltiorrhiza. Salvianolic acid B, a polyphenolic compound, was fished out by EC-PTP1B, which was found to inhibit PTP1B with an IC50 value of 23.35 µM. The inhibitory mechanism of salvianolic acid B was further investigated by enzyme kinetic experiments and molecular docking, indicating salvianolic acid B was a non-competitive inhibitor for PTP1B (with Ki and Kis values of 31.71 µM and 20.08 µM, respectively) and its binding energy was -7.89 kcal/mol. It is interesting that in the comparative work using a traditional ligand fishing bait of PTP1B-immobilized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs-PTP1B), no ligands were extracted at all. This study not only discovered a new PTP1B inhibitor from S. miltiorrhiza which is significant to understand the chemical basis for the hypoglycemic activity of this plant, but also indicated the effectiveness of cell display-based ligand fishing in screening of active compounds from complex herbal extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Bai
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenqin Fan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingjie Luo
- Department of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Yipei Liu
- Polus International College, Chengdu 610103, China
| | - Yongmei Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (X.L.); Tel.: +86-28-82890756 (Y.Z.); +86-28-828290402 (X.L.)
| | - Xun Liao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (X.L.); Tel.: +86-28-82890756 (Y.Z.); +86-28-828290402 (X.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Network Pharmacology-Based Investigation on Therapeutic Mechanisms of the Angelica dahurica Radix and Ligusticum chuanxiong Rhizoma Herb Pair for Anti-Migraine Effect. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172196. [PMID: 36079577 PMCID: PMC9460128 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Migraines are a common neurological disorder characterized by desperate throbbing unilateral headaches and are related to phonophobia, photophobia, nausea, and vomiting. The Angelica dahurica Radix and Ligusticum chuanxiong Rhizoma herb pair (ALHP) has been used to treat migraines for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, the physiological mechanisms of migraine treatment have not yet been elucidated. In this study, a total of 50 hub targets related to the effect of 28 bioactive compounds in ALHP on anti-migraine were obtained through network pharmacology analysis. GO and KEGG analyses of the hub targets demonstrated that ALHP treatment of migraines significantly involved the G-protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, chemical synaptic transmission, inflammatory response, and other biological processes. According to the degree of gene targets in the network, ACE, SLC3A6, NR3CI, MAPK1, PTGS2, PIK3CA, RELA, GRIN1, GRM5, IL1B, and DRD2 were found to be the core gene targets. The docking results showed a high affinity for docked conformations between compounds and predicted targets. The results of this study suggest that ALHP could treat migraines by regulating immunological functions, diminishing inflammation, and improving immunity through different physiological pathways, which contributes to the scientific base for more in-depth research as well as for a more widespread clinical application of ALHP.
Collapse
|
16
|
Identification of Putative Plant-Based ALR-2 Inhibitors to Treat Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:2825-2841. [PMID: 35877418 PMCID: PMC9319673 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44070194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common diabetes complication (DM). Aldose reductase -2 (ALR-2) is an oxidoreductase enzyme that is most extensively studied therapeutic target for diabetes-related complications that can be inhibited by epalrestat, which has severe adverse effects; hence the discovery of potent natural inhibitors is desired. In response, a pharmacophore model based on the properties of eplarestat was generated. The specified pharmacophore model searched the NuBBEDB database of natural compounds for prospective lead candidates. To assess the drug-likeness and ADMET profile of the compounds, a series of in silico filtering procedures were applied. The compounds were then put through molecular docking and interaction analysis. In comparison to the reference drug, four compounds showed increased binding affinity and demonstrated critical residue interactions with greater stability and specificity. As a result, we have identified four potent inhibitors: ZINC000002895847, ZINC000002566593, ZINC000012447255, and ZINC000065074786, that could be used as pharmacological niches to develop novel ALR-2 inhibitors.
Collapse
|
17
|
Arampatzis AS, Tsave O, Kirchweger B, Zwirchmayr J, Papageorgiou VP, Rollinger JM, Assimopoulou AN. Expanding the Biological Properties of Alkannins and Shikonins: Their Impact on Adipogenesis and Life Expectancy in Nematodes. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:909285. [PMID: 35754463 PMCID: PMC9216188 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.909285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkannin, shikonin (A/S) and their derivatives are naturally occurring hydroxynaphthoquinones biosynthesized in some species of the Boraginaceae family. These natural compounds have been extensively investigated for their biological properties over the last 40 years, demonstrating a plethora of activities, such as wound healing, regenerative, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimicrobial and antioxidant. This study aims to extend the current knowledge by investigating the effects of various A/S compounds on two model systems, namely on 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The former constitutes an established in vitro model for investigating anti-obesity and insulin-mimetic properties, while the latter has been widely used as a model organism for studying fat accumulation, lifespan and the anthelmintic potential. A set of chemically well-defined A/S derivatives were screened for their effect on pre-adipocytes to assess cell toxicity, cell morphology, and cell differentiation. The differentiation of pre-adipocytes into mature adipocytes was examined upon treatment with A/S compounds in the presence/absence of insulin, aiming to establish a structure-activity relationship. The majority of A/S compounds induced cell proliferation at sub-micromolar concentrations. The ester derivatives exhibited higher IC50 values, and thus, proved to be less toxic to 3T3-L1 cells. The parent molecules, A and S tested at 1 μM resulted in a truncated differentiation with a reduced number of forming lipids, whereas compounds lacking the side chain hydroxyl group projected higher populations of mature adipocytes. In C. elegans mutant strain SS104, A/S enriched extracts were not able to inhibit the fat accumulation but resulted in a drastic shortage of survival. Thus, the set of A/S compounds were tested at 15 and 60 μg/ml in the wild-type strain N2 for their nematocidal activity, which is of relevance for the discovery of anthelmintic drugs. The most pronounced nematocidal activity was observed for naphthazarin and β,β-dimethyl-acryl-shikonin, followed by isovaleryl-shikonin. The latter 2 A/S esters were identified as the most abundant constituents in the mixture of A/S derivatives isolated from Alkanna tinctoria (L.) Tausch. Taken together, the findings show that the structural variations in the moiety of A/S compounds significantly impact the modulation of their biological activities in both model systems investigated in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios S Arampatzis
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation of AUTh (CIRI-AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Olga Tsave
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation of AUTh (CIRI-AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Benjamin Kirchweger
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Zwirchmayr
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vassilios P Papageorgiou
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation of AUTh (CIRI-AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Judith M Rollinger
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreana N Assimopoulou
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation of AUTh (CIRI-AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Saeed M, Tasleem M, Shoaib A, Alabdallah NM, Alam MJ, El Asmar Z, Jamal QMS, Bardakci F, Ansari IA, Ansari MJ, Wang F, Badraoui R, Yadav DK. Investigation of antidiabetic properties of shikonin by targeting aldose reductase enzyme: In silico and in vitro studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112985. [PMID: 35658219 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a complicated multifactorial disorder in which the patient generally observes polyphagia, polydipsia, and polyuria due to uncontrolled growth in blood sugar levels. For its management, the pharmaceutical industry is working day and night to find a better drug with no or least toxicity. That's why nowadays a more focused branch is to use herbal phytoconstituents for its prevention. Shikonin is a naphthoquinone natural dye that is isolated from the plants of the Boraginaceae family and has proven its role as an anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-gonadotrophic agent. In our previous study, we have published its anti-diabetic action by inhibiting the enzyme protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. In this study, we were more focused on finding out the role of Shikonin and its pharmacophores by inhibiting the action of aldose reductase (AR) enzyme. The study was conducted using pharmacophore modeling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation studies. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME), and toxicity profile were also evaluated in this study. Along with all the computational biology parameters we also focused on the in vitro activity and kinetic study of inhibitory activity of Shikonin against aldose reductase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Munazzah Tasleem
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Ambreen Shoaib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box No. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadiyah M Alabdallah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Jahoor Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeina El Asmar
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qazi Mohammad Sajid Jamal
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukayriyah 52741, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fevzi Bardakci
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University, Bareilly 244001, India
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Riadh Badraoui
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia; Section of Histology-Cytology, Medicine Faculty of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, La Rabta-Tunis, 1007, Tunisia
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21924, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wu S, Liu S, Li Y, Liu C, Pan H. Lestaurtinib Has the Potential to Inhibit the Proliferation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Uncovered by Bioinformatics Analysis and Pharmacological Experiments. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:837428. [PMID: 35646925 PMCID: PMC9136166 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.837428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) seek a satisfactory prognosis. However, most HCC patients present a risk of recurrence, thus highlighting the lack of effectiveness of current treatments and the urgent need for improved treatment options. The purpose of this study was to identify new candidate factors in the STAT family, which is involved in hepatocellular carcinogenesis, and new targets for the treatment of HCC. Bioinformatics web resources, including Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), The Human Protein Atlas (HPA), Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), and GSCALite, were used to identify candidate genes among the STAT family in HCC. STAT1 was significantly overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma. More meaningfully, the high STAT1 expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis. Therefore, STAT1 is expected to be a therapeutic target. The JAK2 inhibitor lestaurtinib was screened by the Genomics of Cancer Drug Sensitivity Project (GDSC) analysis. Pharmacological experiments showed that lestaurtinib has the ability to prevent cell migration and colony formation from single cells. We also found that STAT1 is involved in inflammatory responses and immune cell infiltration. Immune infiltration analysis revealed a strong association between STAT1 levels and immune cell abundance, immune biomarker levels, and immune checkpoints. This study suggests that STAT1 may be a key oncogene in hepatocellular carcinoma and provides evidence that the JAK2 inhibitor lestaurtinib is a potent antiproliferative agent that warrants further investigation as a targeted therapy for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shihai Liu
- Medical Animal Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Operation Room, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Changchang Liu
- Medical Animal Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huazheng Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Huazheng Pan,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Badraoui R, Saeed M, Bouali N, Hamadou WS, Elkahoui S, Alam MJ, Siddiqui AJ, Adnan M, Saoudi M, Rebai T. Expression Profiling of Selected Immune Genes and Trabecular Microarchitecture in Breast Cancer Skeletal Metastases Model: Effect of α-Tocopherol Acetate Supplementation. Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 110:475-488. [PMID: 34988595 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-021-00931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer bone metastases (BCBM) result in serious skeletal morbidity. Although there have been important advances in cancer treatment methods such as surgery and chemotherapy, the complementary treatments, such as α-tocopherol acetate (ATA), still remain of key role via complementary and/or synergistic effects. The aim of this work was to study immune response in a rat model of BCBM due to Walker 256/B cells inoculation and the effect of ATA alone. Compared to the control group (CTRL), rat injected with Walker 256/B cells (5 × 104) in the medullar cavity (W256 group) showed osteolytic damages with marked tumor osteolysis of both cancellous and trabecular bone as assessed by X-ray radiology, micro-computed tomography, and histology. Rats inoculated with Walker 256/B cells and treated with ATA (45 mg/kg BW, W256ATA group) presented marked less tumor osteolysis, less disturbance of Tb.Th and Tb.Sp associated with conversion of rods into plates, and increased structure model index and trabecular pattern factor (Tb.Pf). Elsewhere, 3D frequency distributions of Tb.Th and Tb.Sp were highly disturbed in metastatic W256 rats. Overexpression of some genes commonly associated with cancer and metastatic proliferation: COX-2, TNF-α, and pro-inflammatory interleukins 1 and 6 was outlined. ATA alleviated most of the Walker 256/B cells-induced microarchitectural changes in the target parameters without turning back to normal levels. Likewise, it alleviates the BCSM-induced overexpression of COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6. In silico approach showed that ATA bound these proteins with high affinities, which satisfactory explain its beneficial effects. In conclusion, BCBM is associated with bone microarchitectural disorders and an immune response characterized by an overexpression of some key role genes in cancer proliferation and invasion. ATA exerted favorable effects on trabecular bone distribution and morphology, which may involve the COX-2, TNF-α, and ILs pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riadh Badraoui
- Laboratory of General Biology, Department of Biology, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, 81451, Saudi Arabia.
- Section of Histology-Cytology, Medicine Faculty of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, La Rabta, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia.
- Laboratory of Histo-Embryology and Cytogenetics, Medicine Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Laboratory of General Biology, Department of Biology, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouha Bouali
- Laboratory of General Biology, Department of Biology, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, 81451, Saudi Arabia
- Research Unit "Biologie Moléculaire Des Leucémies Et Lymphomes", Laboratory of Biochemistry, Medicine Faculty of Sousse University, 4002, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Walid S Hamadou
- Laboratory of General Biology, Department of Biology, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, 81451, Saudi Arabia
- Research Unit "Biologie Moléculaire Des Leucémies Et Lymphomes", Laboratory of Biochemistry, Medicine Faculty of Sousse University, 4002, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Salem Elkahoui
- Laboratory of General Biology, Department of Biology, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, 81451, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria (CBBC), 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Mohammad J Alam
- Laboratory of General Biology, Department of Biology, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif J Siddiqui
- Laboratory of General Biology, Department of Biology, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Laboratory of General Biology, Department of Biology, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mongi Saoudi
- Laboratory Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Sfax, 3045, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tarek Rebai
- Laboratory of Histo-Embryology and Cytogenetics, Medicine Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Recent Updates on Development of Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors for Treatment of Diabetes, Obesity and Related Disorders. Bioorg Chem 2022; 121:105626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
22
|
Antiviral Effects of Artemisinin and Its Derivatives against SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease: Computational Evidences and Interactions with ACE2 Allelic Variants. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020129. [PMID: 35215242 PMCID: PMC8877620 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fighting against the emergent coronavirus disease (COVID-19) remains a big challenge at the front of the world communities. Recent research has outlined the potential of various medicinal herbs to counteract the infection. This study aimed to evaluate the interaction of artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone extracted from the Artemisia genus, and its derivatives with the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. To assess their potential use against COVID-19, the interactions of the main active principle of Artemisia with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease (Mpro) was investigated through in silico probing. Our results showed that artemesinin and its derivatives manifested good oral absorption and bioavailability scores (0.55). They potently bound to the Mpro site of action—specifically, to its Cys145 residue. The selected compounds established two to three conventional hydrogen bonds with binding affinities ranging between −5.2 and −8.1 kcal/mol. Furthermore, artemisinin interactions with angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) were dependent on the ACE2 allelic variants. The best score was recorded with rs961360700. A molecular dynamic simulation showed sufficient stability of the artemisinin–Mpro complex on the trajectory of 100 ns simulation frame. These binding interactions, together with drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic findings, confirmed that artemisinin might inhibit Mpro activity and explain the ethnopharmacological use of the herb and its possible antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection inducing COVID-19. Nevertheless, it interacted differently with the various ACE2 allelic variants reported to bind with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
Collapse
|
23
|
Phytochemical Screening, Nutritional Value, Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Cancer, and Anti-Bacterial Assessment of Aqueous Extract from Abelmoschus esculentus Pods. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Known for its high nutritional and medicinal value, okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is commonly used for replacing plasma and expanding blood volume in humans. It is a major economic crop cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The present study aimed to investigate and evaluate the nutritional properties and prospective applications of the consumable parts of okra. The total ash content (mineral content), carbohydrate, crude fiber, fat, protein, and moisture fractions of okra pod aqueous extract were determined. The results show that okra aqueous extract contained 84.670–87.650% moisture, 1.514–1.197% ash, 7.857–8.261% carbohydrate, 2.367–3.410% crude protein, and 6.781–8.314% crude fiber. Okra was determined to have high nutritional value, with γ-tocopherol and α-tocopherol contents about 2.67 mg/100 g and 1.62 mg/100 g, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed to determine the sugars present in okra aqueous extract. The water-soluble polysaccharide content was 10.22–16.45 g/100 g. The tested aqueous extract was a rich source of total phenolic compounds in gallic acid equivalents (288.2–3426.2 mg/100 g), chlorophyll a (3.53 mg/100), chlorophyll b (2.43 mg/100), and carotenoids (1.3 mg/100 g). The detected minerals were Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe, K, Na, and Mn. Atomic absorption spectrometry analysis of these ashed minerals was performed. In addition to the nutritional benefits, okra pods exhibited antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. The aqueous extract was found to be potentially active against bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MIC value = 21.8 mg/mL), Escherichia coli (MIC value = 18.7 mg/mL), Bacillus cereus (MIC value = 20.7 mg/mL), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC value = 20.2 mg/mL). Okra aqueous extract exhibited inhibitory activity against α-amylase (IC50 = 120 µg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 115 µg/mL). The okra extract exhibited high anticancer activity, concentration-dependent and with an IC50 value of about 158.3 mg/mL. The results indicated that okra pods have nutritional and medicinal properties and, hence, can be used as a functional food and broad-spectrum nutraceutical supplement.
Collapse
|
24
|
Udrea AM, Gradisteanu Pircalabioru G, Boboc AA, Mares C, Dinache A, Mernea M, Avram S. Advanced Bioinformatics Tools in the Pharmacokinetic Profiles of Natural and Synthetic Compounds with Anti-Diabetic Activity. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1692. [PMID: 34827690 PMCID: PMC8615418 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes represents a major health problem, involving a severe imbalance of blood sugar levels, which can disturb the nerves, eyes, kidneys, and other organs. Diabes management involves several synthetic drugs focused on improving insulin sensitivity, increasing insulin production, and decreasing blood glucose levels, but with unclear molecular mechanisms and severe side effects. Natural chemicals extracted from several plants such as Gymnema sylvestre, Momordica charantia or Ophiopogon planiscapus Niger have aroused great interest for their anti-diabetes activity, but also their hypolipidemic and anti-obesity activity. Here, we focused on the anti-diabetic activity of a few natural and synthetic compounds, in correlation with their pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles, especially with their blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. We reviewed studies that used bioinformatics methods such as predicted BBB, molecular docking, molecular dynamics and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) to elucidate the proper action mechanisms of antidiabetic compounds. Currently, it is evident that BBB damage plays a significant role in diabetes disorders, but the molecular mechanisms are not clear. Here, we presented the efficacy of natural (gymnemic acids, quercetin, resveratrol) and synthetic (TAK-242, propofol, or APX3330) compounds in reducing diabetes symptoms and improving BBB dysfunctions. Bioinformatics tools can be helpful in the quest for chemical compounds with effective anti-diabetic activity that can enhance the druggability of molecular targets and provide a deeper understanding of diabetes mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Udrea
- Laser Department, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Maurele, Romania; (A.M.U.); (A.D.)
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, 1 B. P. Hașdeu St., 50567 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, 1 B. P. Hașdeu St., 50567 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Anca Andreea Boboc
- “Maria Sklodowska Curie” Emergency Children’s Hospital, 20, Constantin Brancoveanu Bd., 077120 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Pediatrics 8, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eroii Sanitari Bd., 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Catalina Mares
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91–95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Andra Dinache
- Laser Department, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Maurele, Romania; (A.M.U.); (A.D.)
| | - Maria Mernea
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91–95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Speranta Avram
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91–95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.); (S.A.)
| |
Collapse
|