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Abboud S, Ouni A, Ben Abdallah RA, Bchir A, Ben Abdelwaheb S, Tlili D, Dbara S. Unraveling the effect of phenolic extract derived from olive mill solid wastes on agro-physiological and biochemical traits of pomegranate and its associated rhizospheric soil properties. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134234. [PMID: 38608584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural waste management poses a significant challenge in circular economy strategies. Olive mill wastes (OMW) contain valuable biomolecules, especially phenolic compounds, with significant agricultural potential. Our study evaluate the effects of phenolic extract (PE) derived from olive mill solid wastes (OMSW) on pomegranate agro-physiological and biochemical responses, as well as soil-related attributes. Pomegranate plants were treated with PE at doses of 100 ppm and 200 ppm via foliar spray (L100 and L200) and soil application (S100 and S200). Results showed increased biomass with PE treatments, especially with soil application (S100 and S200). Proline and soluble sugar accumulation in leaves suggested plant adaptation to PE with low-level stress. Additionally, PE application reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents. Higher doses of PE (S200) significantly improved net photosynthesis (Pn), transpiration rate (E), water use efficiency (WUEi), and photosynthetic efficiency (fv/fm and PIabs). Furthermore, PE treatments enhanced levels of chlorophylls, carotenoids, polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. Soil application of PE also increased soil enzyme activities and microbial population. Our findings suggest the beneficial impact of PE application on pomegranate agro-physiological responses, laying the groundwork for further research across various plant species and soil types to introduce nutrient-enriched PE as an eco-friendly biostimulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Abboud
- Regional Research Centre on Horticulture and Organic Agriculture, IRESA-University of Sousse, Chott mariem-Sousse, Tunisia; LR16IO02 Laboratory of sustainability of olive and fruit growing in semi-arid and arid environments, Olive Tree Institute, University of Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Azhar Ouni
- Regional Research Centre on Horticulture and Organic Agriculture, IRESA-University of Sousse, Chott mariem-Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Rania Aydi Ben Abdallah
- LR21AGR03-Production and Protection for a Sustainable Horticulture (2PHD), Regional Research Centre on Horticulture and Organic Agriculture, IRESA-University of Sousse, Chott mariem-Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | - Sahar Ben Abdelwaheb
- Regional Research Centre on Horticulture and Organic Agriculture, IRESA-University of Sousse, Chott mariem-Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Darine Tlili
- Regional Research Centre on Horticulture and Organic Agriculture, IRESA-University of Sousse, Chott mariem-Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Dbara
- Regional Research Centre on Horticulture and Organic Agriculture, IRESA-University of Sousse, Chott mariem-Sousse, Tunisia; LR16IO02 Laboratory of sustainability of olive and fruit growing in semi-arid and arid environments, Olive Tree Institute, University of Sfax, Tunisia
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Hussain M, Hafeez A, Rizwan M, Rasheed R, Seleiman MF, Ashraf MA, Ali S, Farooq U, Nafees M. Pervasive influence of heavy metals on metabolic pathways is potentially relieved by hesperidin to enhance the phytoremediation efficiency of Bassia scoparia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:34526-34549. [PMID: 38709411 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Hesperidin (HSP), a flavonoid, is a potent antioxidant, metal chelator, mediator of signaling pathways, and regulator of metal uptake in plants. The study examined the ameliorative effects of HSP (100 μM) on Bassia scoparia grown under excessive levels of heavy metals (zinc (500 mg kg-1), copper (400 mg kg-1), cadmium (100 mg kg-1), and chromium (100 mg kg-1)). The study clarifies the underlying mechanisms by which HSP lessens metabolic mayhem to enhance metal stress tolerance and phytoremediation efficiency of Bassia scoparia. Plants manifested diminished growth because of a drop in chlorophyll content and nutrient acquisition, along with exacerbated deterioration of cellular membranes reflected in elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation, and relative membrane permeability. Besides the colossal production of cytotoxic methylglyoxal, the activity of lipoxygenase was also higher in plants under metal toxicity. Conversely, hesperidin suppressed the production of cytotoxic ROS and methylglyoxal. Hesperidin improved oxidative defense that protected membrane integrity. Hesperidin caused a more significant accumulation of osmolytes, non-protein thiols, and phytochelatins, thereby rendering metal ions non-toxic. Hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide endogenous levels were intricately maintained higher in plants treated with HSP. Hesperidin increased metal accumulation in Bassia scoparia and thereby had the potential to promote the reclamation of metal-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazhar Hussain
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Arslan Hafeez
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Rasheed
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mahmoud F Seleiman
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Arslan Ashraf
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Umer Farooq
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nafees
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 21023, Jiangsu, China
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Elbasan F, Arikan B, Ozfidan-Konakci C, Tofan A, Yildiztugay E. Hesperidin and chlorogenic acid mitigate arsenic-induced oxidative stress via redox regulation, photosystems-related gene expression, and antioxidant efficiency in the chloroplasts of Zea mays. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108445. [PMID: 38402801 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The ubiquitous metalloid arsenic (As), which is not essential, can be found extensively in the soil and subterranean water of numerous nations, raising substantial apprehensions due to its impact on both agricultural productivity and sustainability. Plants exposed to As often display morphological, physiological, and growth-related abnormalities, collectively leading to reduced productivity. Polyphenols, operating as secondary messengers within the intricate signaling networks of plants, assume integral functions in the acquisition of resistance to diverse environmental stressors, including but not limited to drought, salinity, and exposure to heavy metals. The pivotal roles played by polyphenols in these adaptive processes underscore their profound significance in plant biology. This study aims to elucidate the impact of hesperidin (HP) and chlorogenic acid (CA), recognized as potent bioactive compounds, on maize plants exposed to As. To achieve this objective, the study examined the physiological and biochemical impacts, including growth parameters, photosynthesis, and chloroplastic antioxidants, of HP (100 μM) and CA (50 μM) on Zea mays plants exposed to arsenate stress (AsV, 100 μM - Na2HAsO4⋅7H2O). As toxicity led to reductions in fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) by 33% and 26%, respectively. However, the application of As+HP and As + CA increased FW by 22% and 40% and DW by 14% and 17%, respectively, alleviating the effects of As stress. As toxicity resulted in the up-regulation of PSII genes (psbA and psbD) and PSI genes (psaA and psaB), indicating a potential response to the re-formation of degraded regions, likely driven by the heightened demand for photosynthesis. Exogenous HP or/and CA treatments effectively counteracted the adverse effects of As toxicity on the photochemical quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm). H2O2 content showed a 23% increase under As stress, and this increase was evident in guard cells when examining confocal microscopy images. In the presence of As toxicity, the chloroplastic antioxidant capacity can exhibit varying trends, with either a decrease or increase observed. After the application of CA and/or HP, a significant increase was observed in the activity of GR, APX, GST, and GPX enzymes, resulting in decreased levels of H2O2 and MDA. Additionally, the enhanced functions of MDHAR and DHAR have modulated the redox status of ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH). The HP or CA-mediated elevated levels of AsA and GSH content further contributed to the preservation of redox homeostasis in chloroplasts facing stress induced by As. In summary, the inclusion of HP and CA in the growth medium sustained plant performance in the presence of As toxicity by regulating physiological and biochemical characteristics, chloroplastic antioxidant enzymes, the AsA-GSH cycle and photosynthesis processes, thereby demonstrating their significant potential to confer resistance to maize through the mitigation of As-induced oxidative damage and the safeguarding of photosynthetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fevzi Elbasan
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biotechnology, 42250, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Busra Arikan
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biotechnology, 42250, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Ceyda Ozfidan-Konakci
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 42090, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Aysenur Tofan
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biotechnology, 42250, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Evren Yildiztugay
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biotechnology, 42250, Konya, Turkey.
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Hussain M, Hafeez A, Al-Huqail AA, Alsudays IM, Alghanem SMS, Ashraf MA, Rasheed R, Rizwan M, Abeed AHA. Effect of hesperidin on growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant systems and uptake of cadmium, copper, chromium and zinc by Celosia argentea plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108433. [PMID: 38364631 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Rapid industrialization and extensive agricultural practices are the major causes of soil heavy metal contamination, which needs urgent attention to safeguard the soils from contamination. However, the phytotoxic effects of excessive metals in plants are the primary obstacle to efficient phytoextraction. The present study evaluated the effects of hesperidin (HSP) on metals (Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn) phytoextraction by hyperaccumulator (Celosia argentea L.) plants. For this purpose, HSP, a flavonoid compound with strong antioxidant potential to assist metal phytoextraction was used under metal stress in plants. Celosia argentea plants suffered significant (P ≤ 0.001) oxidative damage due to the colossal accumulation of metals (Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn). However, HSP supplementation notably (P ≤ 0.001) abated ROS generation (O2•‒, •OH, H2O2), lipoxygenase activity, methylglyoxal production, and relative membrane permeability that clearly indicated HSP-mediated decline in oxidative injury in plants. Exogenous HSP improved (P ≤ 0.001) the production of non-protein thiol, phytochelatins, osmolytes, and antioxidant compounds. Further, HSP enhanced (P ≤ 0.001) H2S and NO endogenous production, which might have improved the GSH: GSSG ratio. Consequently, HSP-treated C. argentea plants had higher biomass alongside elevated metal accumulation mirrored as profound modifications in translocation factor (TF), bioaccumulation coefficient (BAC), and bioconcentration factor (BCF). In this context, HSP significantly enhanced TF of Cr (P ≤ 0.001), Cd (P ≤ 0.001), and Zn (P ≤ 0.01), while BAC of Cr (P ≤ 0.001), Cd (P ≤ 0.001), and Zn (P ≤ 0.001). Further, BCF was significant (P ≤ 0.05) only in plants grown under Cr-spiked soil. Overall, HSP has the potential for phytoremediation of metals by C. argentea, which might be a suitable strategy for metal-polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazhar Hussain
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Arslan Hafeez
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Arwa Abdulkreem Al-Huqail
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Muhammad Arslan Ashraf
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Rizwan Rasheed
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Amany H A Abeed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
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De Gregorio MA, Zengin G, Alp-Turgut FN, Elbasan F, Ozfidan-Konakci C, Arikan B, Yildiztugay E, Zhang L, Lucini L. Glutamate, Humic Acids and Their Combination Modulate the Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant Traits, and Enzyme-Inhibition Properties in Lettuce. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091822. [PMID: 37176879 PMCID: PMC10181196 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., Asteraceae) is a popular vegetable leafy crop playing a relevant role in human nutrition. Nowadays, novel strategies are required to sustainably support plant growth and elicit the biosynthesis of bioactive molecules with functional roles in crops including lettuce. In this work, the polyphenolic profile of lettuce treated with glutamic acid (GA), humic acid (HA), and their combination (GA + HA) was investigated using an untargeted metabolomics phenolic profiling approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry. Both aerial and root organ parts were considered, and a broad and diverse phenolic profile could be highlighted. The phenolic profile included flavonoids (anthocyanins, flavones, flavanols, and flavonols), phenolic acids (both hydroxycinnamics and hydroxybenzoics), low molecular weight phenolics (tyrosol equivalents), lignans and stilbenes. Overall, GA and HA treatments significantly modulated the biosynthesis of flavanols, lignans, low molecular weight phenolics, phenolic acids, and stilbene. Thereafter, antioxidant capacity was evaluated in vitro with 2,2-diphenyln-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays. In addition, this study examined the inhibitory properties of enzymes, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), tyrosinase, alpha-amylase, and alpha-glucosidase. Compared to individual treatments, the combination of GA + HA showed stronger antioxidant abilities in free radical scavenging and reducing power assays in root samples. Moreover, this combination positively influenced the inhibitory effects of root samples on AChE and BChE and the tyrosinase inhibitory effect of leaf samples. Concerning Pearson's correlations, antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities were related to phenolic compounds, and lignans in particular correlated with radical scavenging activities. Overall, the tested elicitors could offer promising insights for enhancing the functional properties of lettuce in agricultural treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gökhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, 42130 Konya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Nur Alp-Turgut
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, 42130 Konya, Turkey
| | - Fevzi Elbasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, 42130 Konya, Turkey
| | - Ceyda Ozfidan-Konakci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram, 42090 Konya, Turkey
| | - Busra Arikan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, 42130 Konya, Turkey
| | - Evren Yildiztugay
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, 42130 Konya, Turkey
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Department of Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department of Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
- CRAST Research Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
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Li W, Chen K, Li Q, Tang Y, Jiang Y, Su Y. Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Alleviating Cadmium Stress in Medicago truncatula Gaertn. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:547. [PMID: 36771633 PMCID: PMC9920379 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination is a global problem for ecosystems and human health. Remediation of contaminated soils has received much attention in the last decade. Aided mitigation of heavy metal phytotoxicity by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly strategy. This study was carried out to investigate the mitigation effect of AMF inoculation on heavy metal toxicity in Medicago truncatula under soil cadmium stress. Therefore, a pot experiment was designed to evaluate the growth, chlorophyll fluorescence, Cd uptake and distribution, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, root soil physicochemical properties, and metabolite profile analysis of M. truncatula with/without AMF inoculation in Cd (20 mg/Kg)-contaminated soil. The results showed that inoculating AMF under Cd stress might enhance photosynthetic efficiency, increase plant biomass, decrease Cd and MDA content, and improve soil physicochemical properties in M. truncatula. Non-targeted metabolite analysis revealed that inoculation with AMF under Cd stress significantly upregulated the production of various amino acids in inter-root metabolism and increase organic acid and phytohormone synthesis. This study provides information on the physiological responses of mycorrhizal plants to heavy metal stress, which could help provide deeper insight into the mechanisms of heavy metal remediation by AMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Ke Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Qiong Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Yunlai Tang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Yuying Jiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Yu Su
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Chengdu 610036, China
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Miras-Moreno B, Senizza B, Regni L, Tolisano C, Proietti P, Trevisan M, Lucini L, Rouphael Y, Del Buono D. Biochemical Insights into the Ability of Lemna minor L. Extract to Counteract Copper Toxicity in Maize. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2613. [PMID: 36235490 PMCID: PMC9571813 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Metal trace elements (MTE) can damage crops if present in excessive amounts in the environment. This research investigated the effect of a plant extract of an aquatic species, Lemna minor L. (duckweed) (LE), on the ability of maize to cope with copper (Cu) toxicity. LE reversed the effects of Cu2+ on photosynthetic activity (Pn), evapotranspiration (E), stomatal conductance (gs), sub-stomatal CO2 concentration (Ci) and biomass which did not differ from the untreated controls. LE did not regulate the amount of copper in maize leaves, but compared to Cu-treated samples, the extract decreased the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; -26% on average) and malondialdehyde (MDA; -47% on average) content, regardless of the dosage applied. Furthermore, the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) was significantly increased by LE compared to samples treated with Cu alone. Untargeted metabolomic profiling revealed that LE activated maize secondary metabolism, eliciting the content of non-enzymatic antioxidants (flavonoids, glutathione and glutathione-related compounds, tocopherols and tocotrienols) and modulating plant stress-related hormones (brassinosteroids and ABA derivatives). The results of this study are promising and pave the way for using duckweed as a biostimulant to trigger beneficial effects in maize and increase its resistance to MTEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Miras-Moreno
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Biancamaria Senizza
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luca Regni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ciro Tolisano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Primo Proietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Trevisan
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Buono
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
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Li C, Mur LA, Wang Q, Hou X, Zhao C, Chen Z, Wu J, Guo Q. ROS scavenging and ion homeostasis is required for the adaptation of halophyte Karelinia caspia to high salinity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:979956. [PMID: 36262663 PMCID: PMC9574326 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.979956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The halophyte Karelinia caspia has not only fodder and medical value but also can remediate saline-alkali soils. Our previous study showed that salt-secreting by salt glands is one of main adaptive strategies of K. caspia under high salinity. However, ROS scavenging, ion homeostasis, and photosynthetic characteristics responses to high salinity remain unclear in K. caspia. Here, physio-biochemical responses and gene expression associated with ROS scavenging and ions transport were tested in K. caspia subjected to 100-400 mM NaCl for 7 days. Results showed that both antioxidant enzymes (SOD, APX) activities and non-enzymatic antioxidants (chlorogenic acid, α-tocopherol, flavonoids, polyamines) contents were significantly enhanced, accompanied by up-regulating the related enzyme and non-enzymatic antioxidant synthesis gene (KcCu/Zn-SOD, KcAPX6, KcHCT, KcHPT1, Kcγ-TMT, KcF3H, KcSAMS and KcSMS) expression with increasing concentrations of NaCl. These responses are beneficial for removing excess ROS to maintain a stable level of H2O2 and O2 - without lipid peroxidation in the K. caspia response to high salt. Meanwhile, up-regulating expression of KcSOS1/2/3, KcNHX1, and KcAVP was linked to Na+ compartmentalization into vacuoles or excretion through salt glands in K. caspia. Notably, salt can improve the function of PSII that facilitate net photosynthetic rates, which is helpful to growing normally in high saline. Overall, the findings suggested that ROS scavenging systems and Na+/K+ transport synergistically contributed to redox equilibrium, ion homeostasis, and the enhancement of PSII function, thereby conferring high salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Li
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luis A.J. Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
- College of Software, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Qinghai Wang
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xincun Hou
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunqiao Zhao
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juying Wu
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Untargeted Phenolic Profiling and Functional Insights of the Aerial Parts and Bulbs of Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11050600. [PMID: 35270070 PMCID: PMC8912325 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn (squill), belonging to the Asparagaceae family, is acknowledged as a medicinally valuable species from the Drimia genera. In this study, water, methanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of D. maritima aerial parts and bulbs were investigated for their polyphenols profile and evaluated for their antioxidant and enzyme inhibition properties. Phenolics were profiled through an untargeted metabolomics approach using an ultra-high pressure liquid chromatograph coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS). This analysis revealed an enrichment of low molecular weight phenolics and flavonoids in the aerial parts of D. maritima, while lignans mainly characterized bulb extracts. Antioxidant capacity was investigated by different assays, including phosphomolybdenum assays, radical scavenging (DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; ABTS: 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), as well as reducing ability (CUPRAC: cupric reducing antioxidant capacity; FRAP: ferric reducing antioxidant power), and metal chelating. In radical scavenging and reducing power assays, the water extract of aerial parts exhibited the strongest ability (DPPH: 36.99 mg trolox equivalent (TE)/g; ABTS: 85.96 mg TE/g; CUPRAC: 87.37 mg TE/g; FRAP: 55.43 mg TE/g). In general, the ethyl acetate extracts from aerial parts and bulbs provided the weakest antioxidant capacity. Concerning enzyme inhibitory activities, the water extracts of the bulb were poorly active, while the ethyl acetate extracts from both plant portions displayed the best α-amylase inhibitory abilities. The best acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) abilities were recorded by ethyl acetate extract of aerial parts (2.36 mg galantamine equivalent (GALAE)/g) and bulbs (5.10 mg GALAE/g), respectively. Overall, these results support the medicinal aptitude of D. maritima and its possible use as a natural source of antioxidants and enzyme inhibitors with functional potential.
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