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Afridi MB, Sardar H, Serdaroğlu G, Shah SWA, Alsharif KF, Khan H. SwissADME studies and Density Functional Theory (DFT) approaches of methyl substituted curcumin derivatives. Comput Biol Chem 2024; 112:108153. [PMID: 39067349 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2024.108153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Research suggests curcumin's safety and efficacy, prompting interest in its use for treating and preventing various human diseases. The current study aimed to predict drag ability of methyl substituted curcumin derivatives (BL1 to BL4) using SwissADME and Density Functional Theory (DFT) approaches. The curcumin derivatives investigated mostly adhere to Lipinski's rule of five, with molecular properties including MW, F. Csp3, nHBA, nHBD, and TPSA falling within acceptable limits. The compounds demonstrating high lipophilicity while poor water solubility. The pharmacokinetic evaluation revealed favorable gastrointestinal absorption and blood-brain barrier permeation while none were identified as substrates for P-glycoprotein, however, revealed inhibitory actions against various cytochrome P450 enzymes. Additionally, all derivatives exhibited a consistent bioavailability score of 0.55. Similarly, the DFT computations of the compounds of the curcumin derivatives were conducted at B3LYP/6-311 G** level to predict and then assess the key electronic characteristics underlying the bioactivity. Accordingly, the BL4 molecule (ΔEgap= 4.105 eV) would prefer to interact with the external molecular system more than the other molecules due to having the biggest energy gap. The ΔNmax (2.328 eV) and Δεback-donat. (-0.446 eV) scores implied that BL1 would have more charge transfer capability and the lowest stability via back donation among the compounds. In short, the derivative (BL1 to BL4) exhibited strong extrinsic therapeutic properties and therefore stand eligible for further in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haseeba Sardar
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan.
| | | | | | - Khalaf F Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan.
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Massey I, Yadav S, Kumar D, Maharia RS, Kumari K, Singh P. An insight for the inhibition of anxiolytic and anti-convulsant effects in zebrafish using the curcumins via exploring molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10865-1. [PMID: 38758508 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10865-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
In the contemporary landscape, anxiety and seizures stand as major areas of concern, prompting researchers to explore potential drugs against them. While numerous drugs have shown the potential to treat these two neurological conditions, certain adverse effects emphasize the need for development of safer alternatives. This study seeks to employ an in silico approach to evaluate natural compounds, particularly curcumins, as potential inhibitors of GABA-AT to mitigate anxiety and seizures. The proposed methodology includes generating a compound library, minimizing energy, conducting molecular docking using AutoDock, molecular dynamics simulations using Amber, and MM-GBSA calculations. Remarkably, CMPD50 and CMPD88 exhibited promising binding affinities of - 9.0 kcal/mol and - 9.1 kcal/mol with chains A and C of GABA-AT, respectively. Further, MM-GBSA calculations revealed binding free energies of - 10.88 kcal/mol and - 10.72 kcal/mol in CMPD50 and CMPD88, respectively. ADME analysis showed that these compounds contain drug-likeness properties and might be considered as potential drug candidates. The findings from this study will have practical applications in the field of drug discovery for the development of safer and effective drugs for treatment of anxiety and seizures. Overall, this study will lay the groundwork for providing valuable insights into the potential therapeutic effects of curcumins in alleviating anxiety and seizures, establishing a computational framework for future experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iona Massey
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Sandeep Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, NCR Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - Ram Swaroop Maharia
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Kamlesh Kumari
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - Prashant Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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da Costa Rodrigues K, da Silva Neto MR, Dos Santos Barboza V, Hass SE, de Almeida Vaucher R, Giongo JL, Schumacher RF, Wilhelm EA, Luchese C. New curcumin-loaded nanocapsules as a therapeutic alternative in an amnesia model. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:589-609. [PMID: 38351421 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01329-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the action of two different formulations of curcumin (Cur)-loaded nanocapsules (Nc) (Eudragit [EUD] and poly (ɛ-caprolactone) [PCL]) in an amnesia mice model. We also investigated the formulations' effects on scopolamine-induced (SCO) depressive- and anxiety-like comorbidities, the cholinergic system, oxidative parameters, and inflammatory markers. Male Swiss mice were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8): group I (control), group II (Cur PCL Nc 10 mg/kg), group III (Cur EUD Nc 10 mg/kg), group IV (free Cur 10 mg/kg), and group V (SCO). Treatments with Nc or Cur (free) were performed daily or on alternate days. After 30 min of treatment, the animals received the SCO and were subjected to behavioral tests 30 min later (Barnes maze, open-field, object recognition, elevated plus maze, tail suspension tests, and step-down inhibitory avoidance tasks). The animals were then euthanized and tissue was removed for biochemical assays. Our results demonstrated that Cur treatment (Nc or free) protected against SCO-induced amnesia and depressive-like behavior. The ex vivo assays revealed lower acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and catalase (CAT) activity, reduced thiobarbituric species (TBARS), reactive species (RS), and non-protein thiols (NSPH) levels, and reduced interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) expression. The treatments did not change hepatic markers in the plasma of mice. After treatments on alternate days, Cur Nc had a more significant effect than the free Cur protocol, implying that Cur may have prolonged action in Nc. This finding supports the concept that it is possible to achieve beneficial effects in nanoformulations, and treatment on alternate days differs from the free Cur protocol regarding anti-amnesic effects in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karline da Costa Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana BR 472, Km 7, Uruguaiana, RS, 97500-970, Brazil
| | - Victor Dos Santos Barboza
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular de Micro-organismos (LaPeBBioM), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Sandra Elisa Hass
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana BR 472, Km 7, Uruguaiana, RS, 97500-970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo de Almeida Vaucher
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular de Micro-organismos (LaPeBBioM), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Janice Luehring Giongo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular de Micro-organismos (LaPeBBioM), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | | | - Ethel Antunes Wilhelm
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Luchese
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil.
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Ramli AH, Swain P, Mohd Fahmi MSA, Abas F, Leong SW, Tejo BA, Shaari K, Ali AH, Agustar HK, Awang R, Ng YL, Lau YL, Md Razali MA, Mastuki SN, Mohmad Misnan N, Mohd Faudzi SM, Kim CH. Preliminary insight on diarylpentanoids as potential antimalarials: In silico, in vitro pLDH and in vivo zebrafish toxicity assessment. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27462. [PMID: 38495201 PMCID: PMC10943399 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains a major public health problem worldwide, including in Southeast Asia. Chemotherapeutic agents such as chloroquine (CQ) are effective, but problems with drug resistance and toxicity have necessitated a continuous search for new effective antimalarial agents. Here we report on a virtual screening of ∼300 diarylpentanoids and derivatives, in search of potential Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH) inhibitors with acceptable drug-like properties. Several molecules with binding affinities comparable to CQ were chosen for in vitro validation of antimalarial efficacy. Among them, MS33A, MS33C and MS34C are the most promising against CQ-sensitive (3D7) with EC50 values of 1.6, 2.5 and 3.1 μM, respectively. Meanwhile, MS87 (EC50 of 1.85 μM) shown the most active against the CQ-resistant Gombak A strain, and MS33A and MS33C the most effective P. knowlesi inhibitors (EC50 of 3.6 and 5.1 μM, respectively). The in vitro cytotoxicity of selected diarylpentanoids (MS33A, MS33C, MS34C and MS87) was tested on Vero mammalian cells to evaluate parasite selectivity (SI), showing moderate to low cytotoxicity (CC50 > 82 μM). In addition, MS87 exhibited a high SI and the lowest resistance index (RI), suggesting that MS87 may exert effective parasite inhibition with low resistance potential in the CQ-resistant P. falciparum strain. Furthermore, the in vivo toxicity of the molecules on early embryonic development, the cardiovascular system, heart rate, motor activity and apoptosis were assessed in a zebrafish animal model. The overall results indicate the preliminary potential of diarylpentanoids, which need further investigation for their development as new antimalarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirah Hani Ramli
- Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Puspanjali Swain
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Syafiq Akmal Mohd Fahmi
- Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science & Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sze Wei Leong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bimo Ario Tejo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amatul Hamizah Ali
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hani Kartini Agustar
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rusdam Awang
- UPM - MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yee Ling Ng
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yee Ling Lau
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Siti Nurulhuda Mastuki
- Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norazlan Mohmad Misnan
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, 40170, Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Munirah Mohd Faudzi
- Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
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Ahmad I, Dastagir G. Micromorphological and phytochemical profiling of Delphinium suave Huth. from Hindukush range, Lower Dir Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:446-469. [PMID: 37920931 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
This is a very first attempt to study various parameters of a medicinal plant, Delphinium suave Huth. The plant is erect, geophytic, herbaceous, with tuberous root, trifid in a palmatipartite, strigose cuneate leaf and white spurred zygomorphic flower. The root was isodiametric phellem with single non-glandular trichomes. The stem revealed single-layered cuticle, multiseriate epidermis, cortex, pith ray and uniserate bowed non-glandular trichomes. The leaf was amphistomatic, showed tapering trichomes, prismatic crystals and ranunculaceous stomata with circumference 144.66-182.67 μm. Pollen grains in Light Microscopy (LM), were prolate, spheroidal trizonocolpate, isopolar, radiosymmetric, scabrate, elliptic and monads. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) pollen surface was scabrate, monad, size varied from 18.06 to 16.67 μm, colpus to inaperturate, tricolpate, ornamented, echinus, isopolar, isodiametric and circular. SEM roots showed sclerenchymatic tissues, stellate, glandular, non-glandular trichomes and crystals. The stem showed scalariform, pitted vessels, warty protuberances, unicellular, silicified, non-glandular trichomes. Leaves powder revealed, simple, unicellular, tapered headed, uniseriate, sessile, capitate, unbranched glandular, non-glandular, trichomes with crystals. Capitate, stellate, circular, unicellular, branchy trichomes were observed for the first time through SEM. Powder drug study of root, stem leaves through LM revealed different tissues. Preliminary phytochemical revealed alkaloids, anthocyanins, anthraquinones, coumarins, flavones, mucilages, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, volatile oils and proteins. GC/MS showed 36 compounds in roots, 33 in stem while 40 in leaves. Fluorescence analysis of roots, stem and leaves showed variations in color when treated with chemicals. This study will assist pharmacognostic exploration, authentication from adulterants/allied species for consistent quality, resulting in safe use, preservation and efficacy. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: This was first attempt on pharmacognostic study on D. suave Huth. which could be used as a foundation for identifying and authenticating the specie from other allied species by these morphological, anatomical, GC/MS profiling, phytochemical analysis and fluorescence analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ahmad
- Pharmacognosy Lab, Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Pharmacognosy Lab, Department of Botany, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Dastagir
- Pharmacognosy Lab, Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Wang Y, Huang X, Chen H, Wu Q, Zhao Q, Fu D, Liu Q, Wang Y. The Antitumour Activity of a Curcumin and Piperine Loaded iRGD-Modified Liposome: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. Molecules 2023; 28:6532. [PMID: 37764308 PMCID: PMC10535349 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers around the world, with a high mortality rate. Despite substantial advancements in diagnoses and therapies, the outlook and survival of patients with lung cancer remains dismal due to drug tolerance and malignant reactions. New interventional treatments urgently need to be explored if natural compounds are to be used to reduce toxicity and adverse effects to meet the needs of lung cancer clinical treatment. An internalizing arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (iRGD) modified by a tumour-piercing peptide liposome (iRGD-LP-CUR-PIP) was developed via co-delivery of curcumin (CUR) and piperine (PIP). Its antitumour efficacy was evaluated and validated via in vivo and in vitro experiments. iRGD-LP-CUR-PIP enhanced tumour targeting and cellular internalisation effectively. In vitro, iRGD-LP-CUR-PIP exhibited enhanced cellular uptake, suppression of tumour cell multiplication and invasion and energy-independent cellular uptake. In vivo, iRGD-LP-CUR-PIP showed high antitumour efficacy, mainly in terms of significant tumour volume reduction and increased weight and spleen index. Data showed that iRGD peptide has active tumour targeting and it significantly improves the penetration and cellular internalisation of tumours in the liposomal system. The use of CUR in combination with PIP can exert synergistic antitumour activity. This study provides a targeted therapeutic system based on natural components to improve antitumour efficacy in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qinghua Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China; (Y.W.); (X.H.); (H.C.); (Q.W.); (Q.Z.); (D.F.)
| | - Yinghao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China; (Y.W.); (X.H.); (H.C.); (Q.W.); (Q.Z.); (D.F.)
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Pluta R, Miziak B, Czuczwar SJ. Apitherapy in Post-Ischemic Brain Neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's Disease Proteinopathy: Focus on Honey and Its Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids. Molecules 2023; 28:5624. [PMID: 37570596 PMCID: PMC10420307 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration of the brain after ischemia is a major cause of severe, long-term disability, dementia, and mortality, which is a global problem. These phenomena are attributed to excitotoxicity, changes in the blood-brain barrier, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, vasoconstriction, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and ultimately neuronal death. In addition, genetic factors such as post-ischemic changes in genetic programming in the expression of amyloid protein precursor, β-secretase, presenilin-1 and -2, and tau protein play an important role in the irreversible progression of post-ischemic neurodegeneration. Since current treatment is aimed at preventing symptoms such as dementia and disability, the search for causative therapy that would be helpful in preventing and treating post-ischemic neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease proteinopathy is ongoing. Numerous studies have shown that the high contents of flavonoids and phenolic acids in honey have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-amyloid, anti-tau protein, anticholinesterase, serotonergic, and AMPAK activities, influencing signal transmission and neuroprotective effects. Notably, in many preclinical studies, flavonoids and phenolic acids, the main components of honey, were also effective when administered after ischemia, suggesting their possible use in promoting recovery in stroke patients. This review provides new insight into honey's potential to prevent brain ischemia as well as to ameliorate damage in advanced post-ischemic brain neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Pluta
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (B.M.); (S.J.C.)
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Patil N, Chandel V, Rana A, Jain M, Kaushik P. Investigation of Cannabis sativa Phytochemicals as Anti-Alzheimer's Agents: An In Silico Study. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:510. [PMID: 36771595 PMCID: PMC9919841 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa is a medicinal plant that has been known for years and is used as an Ayurvedic medicine. This plant has great potential in treating various types of brain diseases. Phytochemicals present in this plant act as antioxidants by maintaining synaptic plasticity and preventing neuronal loss. Cannabidiol (CBD) and Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are both beneficial in treating Alzheimer's disease by increasing the solubility of Aβ42 amyloid and Tau aggregation. Apart from these therapeutic effects, there are certain unknown functions of these phytochemicals in Alzheimer's disease that we want to elucidate through this study. In this research, our approach is to analyze the effect of phytochemicals in Cannabis sativa on multiple culprit enzymes in Alzheimer's disease, such as AChE (Acetylcholinesterase), BChE (Butyrylcholinesterase), γ-secretase, and BACE-1. In this study, the compounds were selected by Lipinski's rule, ADMET, and ProTox based on toxicity. Molecular docking between the selected compounds (THCV, Cannabinol C2, and Cannabidiorcol) and enzymes mentioned above was obtained by various software programs including AutoDock Vina 4.2, AutoDock, and iGEMDOCK. In comparison to Donepezil (BA = -8.4 kcal/mol, Ki = 1.46 mM), Rivastigmine (BA = -7.0 kcal/mol, Ki = 0.02 mM), and Galantamine (BA = -7.1, Ki = 2.1 mM), Cannabidiorcol (BA = -9.4 kcal/mol, Ki = 4.61 mM) shows significant inhibition of AChE. On the other hand, Cannabinol C2 (BA = -9.2 kcal/mol, Ki = 4.32 mM) significantly inhibits Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) in comparison to Memantine (BA = -6.8 kcal/mol, Ki = 0.54 mM). This study sheds new light and opens new avenues for elucidating the role of bioactive compounds present in Cannabis sativa in treating Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nil Patil
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India
- Laboratory 209, Cell & Developmental Biology Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India
| | - Vaishnavi Chandel
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India
| | - Aarzu Rana
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India
| | - Mukul Jain
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India
- Laboratory 209, Cell & Developmental Biology Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India
| | - Prashant Kaushik
- Instituto de Conservacióny Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Biological Evaluation of Valeriana Extracts from Argentina with Potent Cholinesterase Inhibition for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders and Their Comorbidities-The Case of Valeriana carnosa Sm. (Caprifoliaceae) Studied in Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010129. [PMID: 36678626 PMCID: PMC9861714 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder whose pathophysiology includes the abnormal accumulation of proteins (e.g., β-amyloid), oxidative stress, and alterations in neurotransmitter levels, mainly acetylcholine. Here we present a comparative study of the effect of extracts obtained from endemic Argentinian species of valerians, namely V. carnosa Sm., V. clarionifolia Phil. and V. macrorhiza Poepp. ex DC from Patagonia and V. ferax (Griseb.) Höck and V. effusa Griseb., on different AD-related biological targets. Of these anxiolytic, sedative and sleep-inducing valerians, V. carnosa proved the most promising and was assayed in vivo. All valerians inhibited acetylcholinesterase (IC50 between 1.08-12.69 mg/mL) and butyrylcholinesterase (IC50 between 0.0019-1.46 mg/mL). They also inhibited the aggregation of β-amyloid peptide, were able to chelate Fe2+ ions, and exhibited a direct relationship between antioxidant capacity and phenolic content. Moreover, V. carnosa was able to inhibit human monoamine oxidase A (IC50: 0.286 mg/mL (0.213-0.384)). A daily intake of aqueous V. carnosa extract by male Swiss mice (50 and 150 mg/kg/day) resulted in anxiolytic and antidepressant-like behavior and improved spatial memory. In addition, decreased AChE activity and oxidative stress markers were observed in treated mouse brains. Our studies contribute to the development of indigenous herbal medicines as therapeutic agents for AD.
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Cholinesterases Inhibition, Anticancer and Antioxidant Activity of Novel Benzoxazole and Naphthoxazole Analogs. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238511. [PMID: 36500605 PMCID: PMC9738531 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Benzoxazole and naphthoxazole fused systems are found in many biologically active molecules. Novel benzoxazole and naphthoxazole analogs functionalized by the 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl moiety were designed, obtained and evaluated as a broad spectrum of biological potency compounds. Sulfinylbis[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methanethione] or its analogs and 2-aminophenols or 1-amino-2-naphthol were used as starting reagents. 4-(Naphtho[1,2-d][1,3]oxazol-2-yl)benzene-1,3-diol was identified as the most promising compound of the nanomolar activity against AChE (IC50 = 58 nM) of the mixed-type inhibition and of the moderate activity against BChE (IC50 = 981 nM). The higher antiproliferative potency against a panel of human cancer cell lines for naphtho[1,2-d][1,3]oxazoles than for benzoxazoles was found. The activity of the analog with chlorine atom was in the range of 2.18-2.89 µM (IC50) against all studied cells and it is similar to that of cisplatin studied comparatively. Moreover, this compound was not toxic at this concentration to human normal breast cells and keratinocytes. For some compounds it also has proved antioxidant properties at the level of IC50 = 0.214 µM, for the most active compound. The lipophilicity of all compounds, expressed as log p values, is within the range recommended for potential drugs. The biological activity profile of the considered analogs and their lipophilic level justify the search for agents used in AD or in anticancer therapy in this group of compounds.
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Inhibitory Effect of Curcumin-Inspired Derivatives on Tyrosinase Activity and Melanogenesis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227942. [PMID: 36432043 PMCID: PMC9695798 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a well-known copper-containing metalloenzyme typically involved in the synthesis of melanin. Recently, curcumin and several synthetic derivatives have been recognized as tyrosinase inhibitors with interesting anti-melanogenic therapeutic activity. In this study, three curcumin-inspired compounds 1, 6 and 7 were prepared in yields ranging from 60 to 88 % and spectrophotometric, electrochemical, in vitro and in silico analyses were carried out. The viability of PC12 cells, a rat pheochromocytoma derived-cell line, with compounds 1, 6 and 7, showed values around 80% at 5 µM concentration. In cell proliferation assays, compounds 1, 6 and 7 did not show significant toxicity on fibroblasts nor melanoma cells up to 10 µM with viability values over 90%. The inhibition of tyrosinase activity was evaluated both by a UV-Vis spectroscopic method at two different concentrations, 0.2 and 2.0 µM, and by amperometric assay with IC50 for compounds 1, 6 and 7 ranging from 11 to 24 nM. Melanin content assays on human melanoma cells were performed to test the capability of compounds to inhibit melanin biosynthesis. All compounds exerted a decrease in melanin content, with compound 7 being the most effective by showing a melanogenesis inhibition up to four times greater than arbutin at 100 µM. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of the selected inhibitors was evaluated against H2O2 in amperometric experiments, whereby compound 7 was about three times more effective compared to compounds 1 and 6. The tyrosinase X-ray structure of Bacterium megaterium crystal was used to carry out molecular docking studies in the presence of compounds 1, 6 and 7 in comparison with that of kojic acid and arbutin, two conventional tyrosinase inhibitors. Molecular docking of compounds 6 and 7 confirmed the high affinity of these compounds to tyrosinase protein.
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Al-Ghulikah HA, Mughal EU, Elkaeed EB, Naeem N, Nazir Y, Alzahrani AYA, Sadiq A, Shah SWA. Discovery of Chalcone Derivatives as Potential α-Glucosidase and Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Effect of Hyperglycemia in Paving a Path to Dementia. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Synthetic Mono-Carbonyl Curcumin Analogues Attenuate Oxidative Stress in Mouse Models. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102597. [PMID: 36289859 PMCID: PMC9599840 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is the commonest form of dementia associated with short-term memory loss and impaired cognition and, worldwide, it is a growing health issue. A number of therapeutic strategies have been studied to design and develop an effective anti-Alzheimer drug. Curcumin has a wide spectrum of biological properties. In this regard, the antioxidant potentials of mono-carbonyl curcumin analogues (h1−h5) were investigated using in vitro antioxidant assays and hippocampal-based in vivo mouse models such as light−dark box, hole board, and Y-maze tests. In the in vitro assay, mono-carbonyl curcumin analogues h2 and h3 with methoxy and chloro-substituents, respectively, showed promising 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazo-line-6-sulfonate (ABTS) free radical scavenging activities. In the in vivo studies, scopolamine administration significantly (p < 0.001) induced oxidative stress and memory impairment in mice, in comparison to the normal control group. The pretreatment with mono-carbonyl curcumin analogues, specifically h2 and h3, significantly decreased (123.71 ± 15.23 s (p < 0.001), n = 8; 156.53 ± 14.13 s (p < 0.001), n = 8) the duration of time spent in the light chamber and significantly enhanced (253.95 ± 19.05 s (p < 0.001), n = 8, and 239.57 ± 9.98 s (p < 0.001), n = 8) the time spent in the dark compartment in the light−dark box arena. The numbers of hole pokings were significantly (p < 0.001, n = 8) enhanced in the hole board test and substantially increased the percent spontaneous alternation performance (SAP %) in the Y-maze mouse models in comparison to the stress control group. In the biomarker analysis, the significant reduction in the lipid peroxidation (MDA) level and enhanced catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH) activities in the brain hippocampus reveal their antioxidant and memory enhancing potentials. However, further research is needed to find out the appropriate mechanism of reducing oxidative stress in pathological models.
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Khan S, Khan HU, Khan FA, Shah A, Wadood A, Ahmad S, Almehmadi M, Alsaiari AA, Shah FU, Kamran N. Anti-Alzheimer and Antioxidant Effects of Nelumbo nucifera L. Alkaloids, Nuciferine and Norcoclaurine in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Albino Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101205. [PMID: 36297317 PMCID: PMC9608663 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study is aimed to determine the efficacy and dose response of the nuciferine (1), norcoclaurine (2) and crude extract of Nelumbo nucifera in managements of diabetes, Alzheimer disease and related allergies. Experimentally, alloxan (100 mg/kg body weight (b.w.))-induced diabetic rats (200−250 g) were divided into seven groups (n = 6). Group I: normal control, Group II: diabetic control, Group III: standard treated with glibenclamide and Group lV-VII: treated with methanolic crude extracts (100, 200 mg/kg), nuciferine and norcoclaurine (10 mg/kg b.w.) for 15 days. Different tests were performed, including blood glucose, body weights and antioxidant enzyme assays, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase test (CAT), lipid peroxidation assay (TBARS), glutathione assay (GSH) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) assay. Nuciferine and norcoclaurine significantly reduced blood glucose (p < 0.05) and restored body weight in diabetic rats. Moreover, nuciferine and norcoclaurine (10 mg/kg) significantly recovered the antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH) which decreased during induced diabetes. Significant increase in TBARS was also observed in the diabetic group and nuciferine as well as norcoclaurine (10 mg/kg) inhibited the increase in TBARS in diabetic animals (p < 0.05), as compared to glibenclamide. AChE activity was significantly recovered by nuciferine and norcoclaurine (10 mg/kg) both in the blood and brain of the diabetic group (p < 0.05). Nuciferine and norcoclaurine showed potent inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase and α-amylase with IC50, 19.06 ± 0.03, 15.03 ± 0.09 μM and 24.07 ± 0.05, 18.04 ± 0.021 μM, as confirmed by molecular docking studies. This study concludes that nuciferine and norcoclaurine significantly improve memory and could be considered as an effective phytomedicine for diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Bannu 28100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (F.A.K.); Tel.: +92-3339724044 (F.A.K.)
| | - Hidayat Ullah Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Bannu 28100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Farman Ali Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir Upper 18000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (F.A.K.); Tel.: +92-3339724044 (F.A.K.)
| | - Afzal Shah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Bannu 28100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali khan University, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shujaat Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir Upper 18000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mazen Almehmadi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahad Amer Alsaiari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farid Ullah Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Rehman Medical Collage, Peshawar 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Kamran
- Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Hussain H, Ahmad S, Shah SWA, Ullah A, Almehmadi M, Abdulaziz O, Allahyani M, Alsaiari AA, Halawi M, Alamer E. Investigation of Antistress and Antidepressant Activities of Synthetic Curcumin Analogues: Behavioral and Biomarker Approach. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2385. [PMID: 36289646 PMCID: PMC9598253 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a serious psychiatric disorder that affects millions of individuals all over the world, thus demanding special attention from researchers in order to investigate its effective remedies. Curcumin, along with its synthetic derivatives, is recognized for its incredible pharmacological activities. In this study, methyl, methoxy and chloro-substituent synthetic curcumin analogues C1-C3 were respectively tested for free radical-scavenging activity. Behavioral studies were performed using chemical-induced and swimming endurance tests as stress models, and forced swim tests (FSTs) and tail suspension tests (TSTs) as depression mice models. Biochemical examinations were performed after a scopolamine-induced stress model by decapitating the mice, and brain tissues were isolated for biochemical assessment of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA). The curcumin analogue C2 exhibited higher DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazo-line-6-sulphonate) free radical-scavenging potential, having IC50 values of 45.18 µg/mL and 62.31 µg/mL, respectively, in comparison with reference curcumin and tocopherol. In the chemical-induced test, C2 (80.17%), C3 (72.79%) and C1 (51.85%) revealed higher antistress responses by significantly reducing the number of writhes, whereas the immobility time was significantly reduced by C2 and C3 in the swimming endurance test, indicating excellent antistress potential. Similarly, C2 and C3 significantly reduced the immobility times in FST and TST, demonstrating their antidepressant properties. The biomarkers study revealed that these compounds significantly enhanced hippocampus CAT, SOD and GSH, and reduced MDA levels in the scopolamine-induced stress mice model. These findings suggest the potential of curcumin analogues (C2 and C3) as antistress and antidepressant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haya Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Dir (Upper), Dir 18000, Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shujaat Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Dir (Upper), Dir 18000, Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Syed Wadood Ali Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand Dir (Lower) at Chakdara, Chakdara 18800, Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abid Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Dir (Upper), Dir 18000, Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mazen Almehmadi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Abdulaziz
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdouh Allahyani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahad Amer Alsaiari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Halawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Edrous Alamer
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Research Center, Emerging and Epidemic Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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Wahid F, Jan T, Al-Joufi FA, Ali Shah SW, Nisar M, Zahoor M. Amelioration of Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction in Experimental Mice Using the Medicinal Plant Salvia moorcroftiana. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12070894. [PMID: 35884701 PMCID: PMC9320495 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia moorcroftiana is medicinally used in various parts of the world to treat a number of diseases. In the literature, the antiamnesic activity of this plant has not yet been reported. Therefore, the current study was aimed at evaluating the in vivo antiamnesic (scopolamine-induced) potential of Salvia moorcroftiana. The major phytochemical groups such as total phenolic (TPC), total tannin (TTC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) in methanolic extract (SlMo-Crd) and subsequent fractions of Salvia moorcroftiana were quantified using standard methods. The in vitro anticholinesterase (against butyryl cholinesterase; BChE and acetylcholinesterase; AChE) and antioxidant (against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; DPPH and 2,2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid); ABTS free radicals) potentials of crude (SIMO-Crd) extract and fractions (hexane; SlMo-Hex, chloroform; SlMo-Chl, ethyl acetate; SlMo-Et) were also determined. The SlMo-Crd at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight compared to fractions of 75 and 150 mg/kg body weight (which were 1/10th of the highest dose tested in acute toxicity tests) were evaluated for their memory enhancement and learning behavior in normal and scopolamine-induced mental dysfunction in mice using behavioral memory tests such as the Y-maze test and novel object recognition test (NORT). Moreover, the samples were further evaluated for acetylcholine contents and biochemical markers such as MDA (malondialdehyde), SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), and GSH (glutathione peroxidase) levels. The maximum TPC with a value of 114.81 ± 1.15 mg GAE/g, TTC with a value of 106.79 ± 1.07 mg GAE/g, and TFC with a value of 194.29 ± 0.83 mg RE/g were recorded for the SlMo-Chl fraction. Against the DPPH free radical, the methanolic extract exhibited an IC50 value of 95.29 ± 1.06 µg/mL whereas, among the fractions, the best activity was observed for the SlMo-Chl fraction with an IC50 of 75.02 ± 0.91 µg/mL, followed by SlMoS-Et with an IC50 value of 88.71 ± 0.87 µg/mL. Among the extracts, the SlMo-Chl and SlMo-Et fractions inverted the amnesic effects of scopolamine in mice effectively. Additionally, the SlMo-Chl and SIMO-Et fractions considerably enhanced the percent spontaneous alteration performance in the Y-maze test with values of 65.18 ± 2.61/69.51 ± 2.71 and 54.92 ± 2.49/60.41 ± 2.69, respectively, for the tested doses. The discrimination index (DI) in experimental mice was considerably enhanced by the SlMo-Chl in the NORT with values of 59.81 ± 1.21/61.22 ± 1.31% DI correspondingly for the tested doses, as mentioned above, followed by the SlMo-Et extract. The selected plant in the form of extracts ameliorated the effects of amnesia in mice and could, therefore, be used as a therapy for amnesia; however, this is subject to further exploration in other animal models and the isolation of the responsible compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Wahid
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Dir (Lower), Chakdara 18800, Pakistan; (F.W.); (M.N.)
| | - Tour Jan
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Dir (Lower), Chakdara 18800, Pakistan; (F.W.); (M.N.)
- Correspondence: (T.J.); (M.Z.)
| | - Fakhria A. Al-Joufi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Syed Wadood Ali Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Dir (Lower), Chakdara 18800, Pakistan;
| | - Mohammad Nisar
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Dir (Lower), Chakdara 18800, Pakistan; (F.W.); (M.N.)
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Dir (Lower), Chakdara 18800, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (T.J.); (M.Z.)
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Tuzimski T, Petruczynik A, Szultka-Młyńska M, Sugajski M, Buszewski B. Isoquinoline Alkaloid Contents in Macleaya cordata Extracts and Their Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibition. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113606. [PMID: 35684539 PMCID: PMC9182188 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
An important strategy for treating neurodegenerative disorders is to maintain the levels of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft by blocking the cholinesterases. Searching for new effective compounds with inhibited acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activity is one of the most significant challenges of the modern scientific research. The aim of this study was the optimization of the condition for cholinesterase activity determination by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) in terms of concentrations of enzymatic reaction mixture components, temperature of incubation, and incubation time. In vitro investigation of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activity inhibition by some isoquinoline alkaloids and extracts obtained from the aerial part and roots of Macleaya cordata collected in May, July, and September. Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activity inhibition of the extracts obtained from the plant had not been tested previously. The application of the HPLC method allowed eliminating absorption of interfering components, for example, alkaloids such as sanguinarine and berberine. The HPLC method was successfully applied for the evaluation of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity in samples such as plant extracts, especially those containing colored components adsorbing at the same wavelength as the adsorption wavelength of 5-thio-2-nitro-benzoic acid, which is the product of the reaction between thiocholine (product of the hydrolysis of acetyl/butyrylthiocholine reaction) with Ellman’s reagent. Moreover, liquid chromatography coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (LC–QqQ–ESI–MS/MS) analysis allowed evaluating the identification of relevant bioactive compounds in the obtained plant extracts. The investigated alkaloids, especially sanguinarine and chelerythrine, and all the Macleaya cordata extracts, especially the extract obtained from the aerial part collected in May, exhibited very high cholinesterase activity inhibition. HPLC-DAD was also applied for the kinetics study of the most active alkaloids sanguinarine and chelerythrine. Our investigations demonstrated that these plant extracts can be recommended for further in vivo experiments to confirm their cholinesterase inhibition activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Tuzimski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Anna Petruczynik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Małgorzata Szultka-Młyńska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.S.-M.); (M.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Mateusz Sugajski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.S.-M.); (M.S.); (B.B.)
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Kujawsko-Pomorskie Heritage Center and Kujawsko-Pomorskie Science and Technology Center Prof. Jana Czochralskiego, Czerwona Droga 8, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.S.-M.); (M.S.); (B.B.)
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Flavonoid Derivatives as Potential Cholinesterase Inhibitors in Scopolamine-Induced Amnesic Mice: An In Vitro, In Vivo and Integrated Computational Approach. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060731. [PMID: 35741617 PMCID: PMC9221371 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are one of the most exciting types of phenolic compounds with a wide range of bioactive benefits. A series of flavone derivatives (F1–F5) were previously synthesized from substituted O-hydroxy acetophenone and substituted chloro-benzaldehydes. The titled compounds F1–F5 in the present study were evaluated for their anticholinesterase potential (against AChE and BuChE). The obtained results were then validated through a molecular docking approach. Compound F5 was found to be the most potent inhibitor of AChE (IC50 = 98.42 ± 0.97 µg/mL) followed by compound F4, whereas compound F2 was found to be the most promising inhibitor of BuChE (IC50 = 105.20 ± 1.43 µg/mL) among the tested compounds. The molecular docking analysis revealed a similar trend in the binding affinity of compounds with the targeted enzymes and found them to be capable of forming highly stable complexes with both receptors. The selected compounds were further subjected to in vivo assessment of cognitive function in a scopolamine-induced amnesic animal model, in which almost all compounds F1–F5 significantly attenuated the amnesic effects as evaluated through Y-Maze Paradigm and novel object discrimination (NOD) tasks, findings that were further supported by ex vivo experimental results. Among (F1–F5), F5 showed significant anti-amnesic effects in scopolamine-induced amnesic models and ameliorated the memory loss in behavioral model studies as compared to counterparts. In ex vivo study, noteworthy protection from oxidative stress in the brains of scopolamine-induced amnesic mice was also recorded for F5. These findings also confirmed that there were no significant differences among the in vivo and ex vivo results after administration of F1–F5 (7.5 or 15 mg/kg) or donepezil (2 mg/kg). These synthesized flavonoids could serve as potential candidates for new neuroprotective and nootropic drugs. However, further studies are needed to validate their observed potential in other animal models as well.
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Attenuation of Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia via Cholinergic Modulation in Mice by Synthetic Curcumin Analogs. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082468. [PMID: 35458662 PMCID: PMC9029618 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is an emerging health disorder associated with cognitive decline and memory loss. In this study, six curcumin analogs (1a−1f) were synthesized and screened for in vitro cholinesterase inhibitory potential. On the basis of promising results, they were further investigated for in vivo analysis using elevated plus maze (EPM), Y-maze, and novel object recognition (NOR) behavioral models. The binding mode of the synthesized compounds with the active sites of cholinesterases, and the involvement of the cholinergic system in brain hippocampus was determined. The synthesized curcumin analog 1d (p < 0.001, n = 6), and 1c (p < 0.01, n = 6) showed promising results by decreasing retention time in EPM, significantly increasing % SAP in Y-maze, while significantly (p < 0.001) enhancing the % discrimination index (DI) and the time exploring the novel objects in NORT mice behavioral models. A molecular docking study using MOE software was used for validation of the inhibition of cholinesterase(s). It has been indicated from the current research work that the synthesized curcumin analogs enhanced memory functions in mice models and could be used as valuable therapeutic molecules against neurodegenerative disorders. To determine their exact mechanism of action, further studies are suggested.
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