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Pan D, Jiang M, Tao G, Shi J, Song Z, Chen R, Wang D. The role of Ca 2+ signalling and InsP3R in the pathogenesis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2024; 44:2345276. [PMID: 38685831 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2024.2345276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to contribute new insights for future prevention and treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), and to promote positive pregnancy outcomes, we evaluated serum Ca2+ levels and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R) expression in the liver tissue of a rat ICP model. METHODS After establishing the model by injection of oestradiol benzoate and progesterone into pregnant rats, animals were divided into normal control (n = 5) and ICP model groups (n = 5). The expression of InsP3R protein in the liver, and serum levels of Ca2+, glycocholic acid and bile acid were detected. RESULTS InsP3R mRNA and protein were significantly lower in the ICP model group compared to the normal group, as determined by qPCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results revealed significantly higher levels of glycocholic acid and bile acid in the ICP model group compared to the normal group, while Ca2+ levels were significantly lower. The levers of Ca2+ were significantly and negatively correlated with the levels of glycocholic acid. The observed decrease in Ca2+ was associated with an increase in total bile acids, but there was no significant correlation. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that the expression of InsP3R and serum Ca2+ levels was significantly decreased in the liver tissue of ICP model rats. Additionally, Ca2+ levels were found to be negatively correlated with the level of glycocholic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital affiliated with Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Mengting Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital affiliated with Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Guoxian Tao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital affiliated with Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Jinmei Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital affiliated with Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Song
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Taizhou Municipal Hospital affiliated with Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Ren Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital affiliated with Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Dongguo Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Taizhou Municipal Hospital affiliated with Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
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Ziegler A, Sæves I, Almaas R. Differences in bile acid profiles between cholestatic diseases - Development of a high throughput assay for dried bloodspots. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 562:119864. [PMID: 38992821 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholestasis causes accumulation of bile acids (BAs) and changes the circulating bile acid profile. Quantification of circulating BAs in dried bloodspots (DBS) may demonstrate obstruction of bile flow and altered bile acid metabolism in the liver. High sample throughput enables rapid screening of cholestatic diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was used for optimizing separation and detection of the primary unconjugated BAs cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA); the secondary unconjugated BAs ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA), as well as the glycine- and taurine-conjugated variants of CA, CDCA, DCA and UDCA. Donor blood was obtained to prepare DBS calibrators and quality controls for method development and validation. RESULTS We developed a quantitative bile acid assay with a run-time of two minutes, and one-step sample preparation of 3.2 mm DBS discs. Validation results demonstrated overall good performance and was considered fit for purpose. Children with Alagille syndrome, Aagenaes syndrome and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency had increased BAs in DBS from newborn screening samples compared with age matched controls, and had different bile acids profiles. CONCLUSION We propose that our high throughput assay allows bile acid profiling in DBS that can be a valuable assessment tool for early screening of cholestasis in children. Assaying BAs in dried bloodspots is key for early detection of cholestasis, and provides transferability to a newborn screening setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Ziegler
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway; Department of Newborn Screening, Oslo University Hospital, Forskningsveien 2B, 0373 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ingjerd Sæves
- Department of Newborn Screening, Oslo University Hospital, Forskningsveien 2B, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Runar Almaas
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Łozińska N, Maldonado-Valderrama J, Del Castillo-Santaella T, Zhou Y, Martysiak-Żurowska D, Lu Y, Jungnickel C. Bile conjugation and its effect on in vitro lipolysis of emulsions. Food Res Int 2024; 184:114255. [PMID: 38609233 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Bile Salts (BS) are responsible for stimulating lipid digestion in our organism. Gut microbiota are responsible for the deconjugation process of primary conjugated to secondary unconjugated BS. We use two structurally distinct BS and characterize the rate of lipolysis as a compound parameter. A static in-vitro digestion model as well as meta-analysis of literature data has been performed to determine the most influential factors affecting the lipid digestion process. The results demonstrate that lipolysis of emulsions using conjugated BS (NaTC, FFA = 60.0 %, CMC in SIF = 5.58 mM, MSR of linoleic acid = 0.21, rate of adsorption = -0.057 mN/m.s) enhances the release of FFA compared to deconjugated BS (NaDC, FFA = 49.5 %, CMC in SIF = 2.49 mM, MSR of linoleic acid = 0.16 rate of adsorption = -0.064 mN/m.s). These results indicate that conjugation plays an important role in controlling the rate of lipolysis in our organism which can be in turn, tuned by the microflora composition of our gut, ultimately controlling the rate of deconjugation of the BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Łozińska
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland.
| | - Julia Maldonado-Valderrama
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva sn, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Teresa Del Castillo-Santaella
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja sn, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Yanija Zhou
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland.
| | - Dorota Martysiak-Żurowska
- Department of Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology of Food, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Yuanqi Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Dezhou University, 566 Daxue W Rd, Shandong Sheng 253034, China.
| | - Christian Jungnickel
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland.
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Kwon SJ, Khan MS, Kim SG. Intestinal Inflammation and Regeneration-Interdigitating Processes Controlled by Dietary Lipids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1311. [PMID: 38279309 PMCID: PMC10816399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a disease of chronic inflammatory conditions of the intestinal tract due to disturbance of the inflammation and immune system. Symptoms of IBD include abdominal pain, diarrhea, bleeding, reduced weight, and fatigue. In IBD, the immune system attacks the intestinal tract's inner wall, causing chronic inflammation and tissue damage. In particular, interlukin-6 and interlukin-17 act on immune cells, including T cells and macrophages, to amplify the immune responses so that tissue damage and morphological changes occur. Of note, excessive calorie intake and obesity also affect the immune system due to inflammation caused by lipotoxicity and changes in lipids supply. Similarly, individuals with IBD have alterations in liver function after sustained high-fat diet feeding. In addition, excess dietary fat intake, along with alterations in primary and secondary bile acids in the colon, can affect the onset and progression of IBD because inflammatory cytokines contribute to insulin resistance; the factors include the release of inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and changes in intestinal microflora, which may also contribute to disease progression. However, interfering with de novo fatty acid synthase by deleting the enzyme acetyl-CoA-carboxylase 1 in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) leads to the deficiency of epithelial crypt structures and tissue regeneration, which seems to be due to Lgr5+ intestinal stem cell function. Thus, conflicting reports exist regarding high-fat diet effects on IBD animal models. This review will focus on the pathological basis of the link between dietary lipids intake and IBD and will cover the currently available pharmacological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sang Geon Kim
- Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.J.K.); (M.S.K.)
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Wang Y, Xu H, Zhang X, Ma J, Xue S, Shentu D, Mao T, Li S, Yue M, Cui J, Wang L. The Role of Bile Acids in Pancreatic Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2024; 24:1005-1014. [PMID: 38284711 DOI: 10.2174/0115680096281168231215060301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Bile acids are well known to promote the digestion and absorption of fat, and at the same time, they play an important role in lipid and glucose metabolism. More studies have found that bile acids such as ursodeoxycholic acid also have anti-inflammatory and immune-regulating effects. Bile acids have been extensively studied in biliary and intestinal tumors but less in pancreatic cancer. Patients with pancreatic cancer, especially pancreatic head cancer, are often accompanied by biliary obstruction and elevated bile acids caused by tumors. Elevated total bile acid levels in pancreatic cancer patients usually have a poor prognosis. There has been controversy over whether elevated bile acids are harmful or beneficial to pancreatic cancer. Still, there is no doubt that bile acids are important for the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer. This article summarizes the research on bile acid as a biomarker and regulation of the occurrence, development and chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer, hoping to provide some inspiration for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Wang
- Oncology Department and State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer of Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Oncology Department and State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer of Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Oncology Department and State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer of Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jingyu Ma
- Oncology Department and State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer of Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shengbai Xue
- Oncology Department and State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer of Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Daiyuan Shentu
- Oncology Department and State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer of Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Tiebo Mao
- Oncology Department and State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer of Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shumin Li
- Oncology Department and State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer of Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ming Yue
- Oncology Department and State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer of Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jiujie Cui
- Oncology Department and State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer of Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Oncology Department and State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer of Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
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Ahn KS, Kang KJ, Kim YH, Kim TS, Cho KB, Kim HS, Baek WK, Suh SI, Han JY. Diagnostic Role of Bile Pigment Components in Biliary Tract Cancer. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2023; 31:674-681. [PMID: 37558633 PMCID: PMC10616509 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile pigment, bilirubin, and biliverdin concentrations may change as a results of biliary tract cancer (BTC) altering the mechanisms of radical oxidation and heme breakdown. We explored whether changes in bile pigment components could help distinguish BTC from benign biliary illness by evaluating alterations in patients with BTC. We collected bile fluid from 15 patients with a common bile duct stone (CBD group) and 63 individuals with BTC (BTC group). We examined the bile fluid's bilirubin, biliverdin reductase (BVR), heme oxygenase (HO-1), and bacterial taxonomic abundance. Serum bilirubin levels had no impact on the amounts of bile HO-1, BVR, or bilirubin. In comparison to the control group, the BTC group had considerably higher amounts of HO-1, BVR, and bilirubin in the bile. The areas under the curve for the receiver operating characteristic curve analyses of the BVR and HO-1 were 0.832 (p<0.001) and 0.891 (p<0.001), respectively. Firmicutes was the most prevalent phylum in both CBD and BTC, according to a taxonomic abundance analysis, however the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was substantially greater in the BTC group than in the CBD group. The findings of this study showed that, regardless of the existence of obstructive jaundice, biliary carcinogenesis impacts heme degradation and bile pigmentation, and that the bile pigment components HO-1, BVR, and bilirubin in bile fluid have a diagnostic significance in BTC. In tissue biopsies for the diagnosis of BTC, particularly for distinguishing BTC from benign biliary strictures, bile pigment components can be used as additional biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun Soo Ahn
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Koo Jeong Kang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hoon Kim
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Seok Kim
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Bum Cho
- Division of Gaestroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Soon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ki Baek
- Department of Microbiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Il Suh
- Department of Microbiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Yi Han
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
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Li YC, Li KS, Liu ZL, Tang YC, Hu XQ, Li XY, Shi AD, Zhao LM, Shu LZ, Lian S, Yan ZD, Huang SH, Sheng GL, Song Y, Liu YJ, Huan F, Zhang MH, Zhang ZL. Research progress of bile biomarkers and their immunoregulatory role in biliary tract cancers. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1049812. [PMID: 36389727 PMCID: PMC9649822 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1049812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biliary tract cancers (BTCs), including cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder carcinoma, originate from the biliary epithelium and have a poor prognosis. Surgery is the only choice for cure in the early stage of disease. However, most patients are diagnosed in the advanced stage and lose the chance for surgery. Early diagnosis could significantly improve the prognosis of patients. Bile has complex components and is in direct contact with biliary tract tumors. Bile components are closely related to the occurrence and development of biliary tract tumors and may be applied as biomarkers for BTCs. Meanwhile, arising evidence has confirmed the immunoregulatory role of bile components. In this review, we aim to summarize and discuss the relationship between bile components and biliary tract cancers and their ability as biomarkers for BTCs, highlighting the role of bile components in regulating immune response, and their promising application prospects.
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