1
|
Zhou K, Yin D, Liu C, Sun R. Investigating the role of poly-γ-glutamic acid in Pennisetum giganteum phytoextraction of mercury-contaminated soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173707. [PMID: 38866170 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Farmland mercury (Hg) pollution poses a significant threat to human health, but there is a lack of highly efficient phytoextraction for its remediation at present. This study investigates the impact of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) on the phytoextraction capabilities of Pennisetum giganteum (P. giganteum) in Hg-contaminated soil. Our research indicates that amending γ-PGA to soil markedly enhances the assimilation of soil Hg by P. giganteum and transformation of Hg within itself, with observed increases in Hg concentrations in roots, stems, and leaves by 1.1, 4.3, and 18.9 times, respectively, compared to the control. This enhancement is attributed to that γ-PGA can facilitate the hydrophilic and bioavailable of soil Hg. Besides, γ-PGA can stimulate the abundance of Hg-resistance bacteria Proteobacteria in the rhizosphere of P. giganteum, thus increasing the mobility and uptake of soil Hg by P. giganteum roots. Moreover, the hydrophilic nature of Hg-γ-PGA complexes supports their transport via the apoplastic pathway, across the epidermis, and through the Casparian strip, eventually leading to immobilization in the mesophyll tissues. This study provides novel insights into the mechanisms of Hg phytoextraction, demonstrating that γ-PGA significantly enhances the effectiveness of P. giganteum in Hg uptake and translocation. The findings suggest a promising approach for the remediation of Hg-contaminated soil, offering a sustainable and efficient strategy for environmental management and health risk mitigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhou
- Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, PR China
| | - Deliang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Chen Liu
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Mountainous Environmental Information and Ecological Protection, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, PR China
| | - Rongguo Sun
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Mountainous Environmental Information and Ecological Protection, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chang Y, Liu X, Jiao Y, Zheng X. Improved Cordycepin Production by Cordyceps Militaris Using Corn Steep Liquor Hydrolysate as an Alternative Protein Nitrogen Source. Foods 2024; 13:813. [PMID: 38472926 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cordycepin production in the submerged culture of Cordyceps militaris was demonstrated using hydrolyzed corn processing protein by-products, known as corn steep liquor hydrolysate (CSLH), as an alternative nitrogen source. The growth, metabolism, and cordycepin production of Cordyceps militaris were evaluated under various concentrations of CSLH induction. The results demonstrated that CSLH addition had positive effects on the growth and cordycepin production with various C. militaris strains. The optimum strain, C. militaris GDMCC5.270, was found to effectively utilize CSLH to promote mycelium growth and cordycepin production. Low concentrations of CSLH (1.5 g/L) in the fermentation broth resulted in 343.03 ± 15.94 mg/L cordycepin production, which was 4.83 times higher than that of the group without CSLH. This also enhanced the metabolism of sugar, amino acids, and nucleotides, leading to improved cordycepin biosynthesis. The increase in key amino acids, such as glutamic acid, alanine, and aspartic acid, in the corn steep liquor hydrolysate significantly enhanced cordycepin yield. The corn steep liquor hydrolysate was confirmed to be a cost-effective accelerator for mycelium growth and cordycepin accumulation in C. militaris, replacing partial peptone as a cheap nitrogen source. It serves as a suitable alternative for efficient cordycepin production at a low cost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chang
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Xiaolan Liu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Yan Jiao
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Xiqun Zheng
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jia Y, Chen K, Du M, Zhao W, Chen Y, Cheng J, Zhao L, Liu J, Long J. Auricularia auricula-judae Attenuates the Progression of Metabolic Syndrome in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats: Enzymatic Pre-Digestion Technology Is Superior to Superfine Grinding Method. Foods 2024; 13:406. [PMID: 38338541 PMCID: PMC10855940 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Auricularia auricula-judae (AAJ) has been cultivated for food in China for centuries, and is also used as a folk medicine for the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. However, there are few studies on the effects of different processing technologies on the therapeutic efficacy of AAJ to date. This study investigated the effectiveness of the AAJ made by using superfine grinding and enzymatic pre-digestion technologies, respectively, in a high-fat diet obese rat model. It was found that oral administrations of two AAJ products significantly alleviated dyslipidemia by decreasing serum lipid levels and restoring liver functions. AAJ products made by using pre-digestion technology have appreciable potential to ameliorate lipid metabolic disorders over other products, possibly due to the higher levels of dietary fiber, crude polysaccharides, and total flavonoids released from AAJ during processing. By analysis of transcriptome sequencing and protein expression, it was clear that starch and sucrose metabolism and glycerolipid metabolism-related factors involved in fatty acid synthesis and metabolism in the liver of obese rats were significantly improved. This study gives further evidence that AAJ significantly ameliorates the progression of glucose and lipid metabolism in obese rats. Moreover, this study demonstrated for the first time that the pre-digestion method may be a better and more efficient processing approach for the improvement of AAJ bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jia
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- Shaanxi 38Fule Special Medical Food Co., Ltd., Shangluo 711400, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- Shaanxi 38Fule Special Medical Food Co., Ltd., Shangluo 711400, China
| | - Menggang Du
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- Shaanxi 38Fule Special Medical Food Co., Ltd., Shangluo 711400, China
| | - Wanzhou Zhao
- The Nanjing Han & Zaenker Cancer Institute (NHZCI), OG Pharmaceuticals, 88 Jiangdong Road, Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Yong Chen
- The Nanjing Han & Zaenker Cancer Institute (NHZCI), OG Pharmaceuticals, 88 Jiangdong Road, Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Junhong Cheng
- Shaanxi 38Fule Special Medical Food Co., Ltd., Shangluo 711400, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang C, Gao M, Luo H, Xu Y. Indophenol Blue Colorimetric Method to Determine Grain Protein Content of Cereal Plants. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2787:257-263. [PMID: 38656495 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3778-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Here, we propose a method to convert the organic nitrogen in maize kernels into ammonia in solution and then chlorinate it to prepare monochloride salts, which can form an oxidatively coupled blue-green mixture with sodium salicylate and sodium dichloroisocyanurate. The concentration of ammonium ions in the blue-green mixture can then be determined in the solution, and finally the protein content in maize kernels can be calculated from the nitrogen content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Huang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Mutian Gao
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbing Luo
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Xu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Veeramuthu K, Ahuja V, Annadurai P, Gideon DA, Sundarrajan B, Rusu ME, Annadurai V, Dhandayuthapani K. Chemical Profiling and Biological Activity of Psydrax dicoccos Gaertn. Molecules 2023; 28:7101. [PMID: 37894581 PMCID: PMC10609380 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in women with a mortality rate of 6.6%. Adverse effects of synthetic drugs have directed research toward safer alternatives such as natural compounds. This study focused on Psydrax dicoccos Gaertn, an evergreen tree abundantly distributed in Tamil Nadu (India) for its possible application against breast cancer cells. P. dicoccos leaf methanol extract, found within a wide range of phytochemicals, demonstrated cytotoxic effects against MCF7 breast cancer cells at IC50 of 34 μg/mL. The extract exhibited good antioxidant activities against DPPH• (62%) and ABTS•+ (80%), as well as concentration-dependent (100-800 μg/mL) anti-inflammatory potential of 18-60% compared to standards, ascorbic acid or aspirin, respectively. Moreover, even low extract concentrations (10 μg/mL) inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli (1.9 ± 0.6 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.3 ± 0.7 mm), thus showing high antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory potential. GC-MS and LC-MS analyses identified 31 and 16 components, respectively, of which selected compounds were used to evaluate the interaction between key receptors (AKT-1, COX-2, and HER-2) of breast cancer based on binding energy (ΔG) and inhibition constant (Ki). The results indicate that bioactive compounds from P. dicoccos have potential against breast cancer cells, but further evaluations are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamaraj Veeramuthu
- Thanthai Periyar Government Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620023, Tamil Nadu, India; (K.V.); (B.S.)
| | - Vishal Ahuja
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India;
- University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Pushparaj Annadurai
- C.P.R. Environmental Education Center, 1 Eldams Road, Alwarpet, Chennai 600018, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Daniel A. Gideon
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Joseph College, Bangalore 560025, Karnataka, India;
| | - Balamurugan Sundarrajan
- Thanthai Periyar Government Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620023, Tamil Nadu, India; (K.V.); (B.S.)
| | - Marius Emil Rusu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vinothkanna Annadurai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Kandavel Dhandayuthapani
- Department of Botany, Government Arts College for Men, Nandanam, University of Madras, Chennai 600035, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu M, Wang Y, Zhu L, Zhao X. Effects of Haematococcus pluvialis Addition on the Sensory Properties of Plant-Based Meat Analogues. Foods 2023; 12:3435. [PMID: 37761143 PMCID: PMC10528005 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the increase in population and the deficiency of land resources, the cost of raising livestock is gradually increasing. Plant-based meat analogues (PBMAs) are considered excellent substitutes for animal meat. Our research investigated the effect of Haematococcus pluvialis (HP) on gluten-based soybean and wheat PBMA with contents of 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%. Compared with the control group, HP significantly improved the color of the extrudates, showed visual characteristics similar to red meat, and achieved a soft texture and apparent rheological properties. The 7% HP had negative effects on the organizational degree and viscosity. In addition, the E-nose indicated that the different contents of HP changed the flavor of the extrudates. The extrudates with 3% and 5% HP were most similar to each other among all of the extrudates for volatile compounds, and the extrudates with 1% HP and 7% HP had significantly different flavors compared to the control group. Furthermore, 20 different volatile compounds were compared according to their retention indices and retention areas. The results showed that the proportions of alcohol, ester, terpenes, acid, and furan were increased. When the threshold was referenced, HP was considered to provide PBMAs with grassy and healing grain flavor properties. Therefore, the results proved that the addition of HP can improve PBMAs sensory properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiangzhong Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (M.L.); (Y.W.); (L.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xiong Z, Wang W, Ma X, Zhang X, Wu Z, Yang A, Wu Y, Meng X, Chen H, Li X. Development of a Two-Step Hydrolysis Hypoallergenic Cow's Milk Formula and Evaluation of Residue Allergenicity by Peptidomics and Immunoreactivity Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:12237-12249. [PMID: 37531557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is an abnormal immune response that severely affects the nutritional supplementation of allergic infants. Currently, only a limited number of hypoallergenic formulas are available on the market, and these are only categorized according to their degree of hydrolysis, which still poses an allergy risk and cannot be consumed by CMA patients, especially infants. To address this issue, we developed a two-step hydrolysis hypoallergenic formula targeting destruction of allergen epitope from whey protein. Then, a comprehensive evaluation system was constructed, including peptidomics analysis, in vivo and in vitro allergenicity assessments, revealing allergic changes in the product from the epitope structure level to the immunological level. The results showed that 97.14% of hydrolyzed peptides from α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin did not contain allergenic epitopes after treatment with trypsin and flavourzyme. In vitro and in vivo allergenicity assessment results confirmed that the two-step hydrolysis method effectively reduced the allergenicity of whey protein. Compared with the common milk powder, the hypoallergenic formula induced lower levels of basophil degranulation and relieved the body's anaphylactic symptoms caused by cow milk. This study provides a promising solution to the limited hypoallergenic formula problem and may benefit allergic infants who require nutritional supplements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Xin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Zhihua Wu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Anshu Yang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Yong Wu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Xuanyi Meng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Azhand M, Saeidi M, Beheshti Ale Agha A, Kahrizi D. Interaction of iron and zinc fortification and late-season water deficit on yield and fatty acid composition of Dragon's Head (Lallemantia iberica L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107882. [PMID: 37478727 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Dragon's head (Lallemantia iberica) is a rich source of alpha-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, essential oil, protein, and mucilage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of foliar application of three different concentrations of Fe and Zn (control, 4, and 8 g lit-1) at two different developmental stages (vegetative stage (VS) and reproductive stage (RS)) on the quantity and quality of dragon's head seed yield and fatty acid composition in two crop seasons (2018 and 2019) under two environments (normal irrigation as control (NI) and post-anthesis water deficit (WD). In NI, average yields of seed, oil, and protein were 1155, 340, and 183 kg ha-1, respectively, and in the WD, they were 879, 283, and 148 kg ha-1, respectively. By applying Zn and Fe, the mean values of seed, oil, and protein yields in the NI were 1425, 478, and 264 kg ha-1, while in the WD, they were 1011, 354, and 200 kg ha-1, respectively. Furthermore, the application of WD resulted in a significant increase in zinc concentration, protein percentage, and saturated fatty acid percentage in seeds. Unlike WD, iron and zinc treatments decreased the percentage of saturated fatty acids and increased the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids. The number of capsules per plant had the most positive indirect effect on grain yield. The results showed that foliar spraying of Fe and Zn could effectively mitigate the adverse effects of WD on the quality and quantity of seed and oil yield dragon's head.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Azhand
- Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Razi University, Postal Code: 6714414971, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Saeidi
- Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Razi University, Postal Code: 6714414971, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Ali Beheshti Ale Agha
- Department of Soil Science, Razi University, Postal Code: 6714414971, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Danial Kahrizi
- Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Razi University, Postal Code: 6714414971, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang X, Li H, Han T, Wang J, Ma Z, Yu X. Isolation and identification of protease-producing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LX-6 and its application in the solid fermentation of soybean meal. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1226988. [PMID: 37520297 PMCID: PMC10372485 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1226988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean meal (SM) is considered an ideal substitute for fish meal; however, its application is mainly limited because of its antigen proteins, glycinin and β-conglycinin. To improve the value of SM in the aquaculture industry, we employed an aerobic bacterial strain (LX-6) with protease activity of 1,390.6 ± 12.5 U/mL. This strain was isolated from soil samples and identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens based on morphological and physiological biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA gene sequence analyses. Subsequently, we quantified the extent of glycinin and β-conglycinin degradation and the total protein and water-soluble protein content after SM fermentation with B. amyloliquefaciens LX-6. At 24 h of fermentation, the macromolecular antigen proteins of SM were almost completely degraded; the maximum degradation rates of glycinin and β-conglycinin reached 77.9% and 57.1%, respectively. Accordingly, not only did the concentration of water-soluble proteins increase from 5.74% to 44.45% after 48 h of fermentation but so did the concentrations of total protein and amino acids compared to those of unfermented SM. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that the LX-6 strain gradually disrupted the surface structure of SM during the fermentation process. In addition, B. amyloliquefaciens LX-6 exhibited broad-spectrum antagonistic activity and a wide pH tolerance, suggesting its application in SM fermentation for fish meal replacement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huijie Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiteng Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang L, Lyu Y, Miao X, Yin X, Zhang C. Enhanced protein glutaminase production from Chryseobacterium proteolyticum combining physico-chemical mutagenesis and resistance screening and its application to soybean protein isolates. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:4562-4572. [PMID: 36853147 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein glutaminase (PG) is a novel protein modification biotechnology that is increasingly being used in the food industry. However, the current level of fermentation of PG-producing strains still does not meet the requirements of industrial production. To obtain the mutant strains with high PG production, the atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) combined with LiCl chemical mutagen were used in mutagenesis of a PG producing Chryseobacterium proteolyticum 1003. RESULTS A mutant strain (WG15) was successfully obtained based on malonic acid resistance screening after compound mutagenesis of the starting strain C. proteolyticum 1003 using ARTP with LiCl, and it was confirmed to be genetically stable in PG synthesis after 15 generations. The protein glutaminase production of WG15 was 2.91 U mL-1 after optimization of fermentation conditions, which is 48.69% higher than the original strain C. proteolyticum 1003. The PG obtained from fermentation showed good activities in deamidation of soy protein isolate. The solubility and foaming properties of the PG-treated soy protein isolate were significantly increased by 36.50% and 10.03%, respectively, when PG was added at the amount of 100 U mL-1 . In addition, the emulsifying activity and emulsion stability of the treated soy protein isolate were improved by 12.44% and 10.34%, respectively, on the addition of 10 U mL-1 PG. The secondary structure of the soy protein isolate changed after PG treatment, with an increased proportion of glutamate. CONCLUSION The results of the present study indicate that the PG produced by this mutant strain could improve the functional properties of soybean protein isolate and the C. proteolyticum mutant WG15 has great potential in food industry. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- Laboratory of Food Industrial Enzyme Technology, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunbin Lyu
- Laboratory of Food Industrial Enzyme Technology, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Miao
- Laboratory of Food Industrial Enzyme Technology, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Chong Zhang
- Laboratory of Food Industrial Enzyme Technology, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sidorova YS, Petrov NA, Perova IB, Kolobanov AI, Zorin SN. Physical and Chemical Characterization and Bioavailability Evaluation In Vivo of Amaranth Protein Concentrate. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081728. [PMID: 37107523 PMCID: PMC10137383 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Special attention is being paid to the study of amaranth proteins. They are characterized by a high biological value that significantly exceeds those of grain crops. The production of protein concentrate from amaranth flour includes preliminary enzymatic hydrolysis, extraction of the resulting mixture, protein precipitation, microfiltration, and freeze-drying. In our study, the obtained amaranth protein concentrate was limited by valine, with an amino acid score of 74%. The true digestibility of the amaranth protein concentrate determined in vivo was 97.6 ± 0.3%, which was significantly lower than that of casein (99.3 ± 0.2%). The protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score value of the concentrate was 72.2%. The obtained concentrate was a rich source of selenium, copper, magnesium, manganese, and iron. Ferulic acid was the only polyphenolic compound found in the amaranth protein concentrate, but its content was significantly greater compared to the original flour. Saponins were not removed completely during the process of obtaining the amaranth protein concentrate. We identified 15 saponins in the concentrate, mainly of the bidesmoside type, the sapogenins of which are related derivatives of oleanolic acid. Thus, the developed amaranth protein concentrate can be used as an ingredient in functional food products, with a high biological value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya S Sidorova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 109240 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita A Petrov
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 109240 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina B Perova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 109240 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey I Kolobanov
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 109240 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey N Zorin
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 109240 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fu M, Jahan MS, Tang K, Jiang S, Guo J, Luo S, Luo W, Li G. Comparative analysis of the medicinal and nutritional components of different varieties of Pueraria thomsonii and Pueraria lobata. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1115782. [PMID: 37063196 PMCID: PMC10090398 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1115782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Pueraria thomsonii and Pueraria lobata are important medicinal plants with unique chemical compositions that are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. To compare the nutritional and medicinal profiles of these two species, we analyzed the flavonoid, dietary fiber, total starch, and crude protein contents of one P. lobata and three P. thomsonii varieties using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, enzyme weight, acid hydrolysis, and Kjeldahl methods. Furthermore, we used principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering heatmap analysis to separate the data obtained from the P. thomsonii and P. lobata samples. We detected 279 flavonoid compounds in the two Pueraria species, including 90 isoflavones and 78 flavonoids. A large proportion of isoflavones and flavonoids were more abundant in P. lobata than in P. thomsonii. The total starch content was significantly higher in P. thomsonii than in P. lobata. By contrast, the soluble dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber, and crude protein contents were substantially lower in P. thomsonii than in P. lobata. Taken together, our results demonstrate that P. lobata is better suited for use as a medicine, whereas P. thomsonii is better suited as an edible food, and provide a theoretical foundation for developing P. thomsonii and P. lobata germplasm resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Fu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mohammad Shah Jahan
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kang Tang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shizheng Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juxian Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanwei Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihua Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Combined Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure, Sous-Vide Cooking, and Carvacrol on the Quality of Veal, Plant-Based, and Hybrid Patties during Storage. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020289. [PMID: 36673381 PMCID: PMC9858191 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of carvacrol added to patties stored at 4 °C for 14 days, previously pressurized and vacuum-cooked (HPP-SVCOOK), was investigated. Three formulations were prepared (veal, plant-based product, and hybrid product). An emulsion made with olive and linseed oils was added. The physicochemical and microbiological qualities were assessed. Microbial tests indicated negligible growth of spoilage organisms in treated patties. No significant effect of carvacrol on the microbial loads of patties was noticed. Sulfite-reducing clostridia and Enterobacteriaceae were absent in the treated patties, whereas, in the treated veal and hybrid samples, 3 and 2 units of log cfu/g reduction for lactic acid bacteria and molds and yeasts were noted, respectively. On day 7 of storage, veal patties exhibited a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the L* (53.9−49.3), hardness (32.3−21.4 N), springiness (0.8−0.7 N), cohesiveness (0.49−0.46), and chewiness (12.2−7.1) and a hike in the a* value (5.3−9.4). No significant changes in L* (59.1−58.6), a* (8.57−8.61), hardness (11.6−10.6 N), or cohesiveness (0.27−0.26) were observed in plant-based patties over the storage times, whereas reductions in springiness (0.5−0.4), chewiness (1.9−1.3), and b* (26.6−29.1) were noted in them. In hybrid patties, the L* (53.9−52.5) and b* values (24.9−24.3) were consistent but had a significant decrease in a* value (5.9−3.5) along the days of storage under study. The texture parameters of the hybrid patties altered were similar to those of veal patties during the 14-day storage time. In all samples, pH decreased with storage time. HPP-SVCOOK was effective on rendering safe and shelf-stable, ready-to-eat patties regardless of their matrix formulation. The addition of carvacrol had limited effects on the textural qualities of the HPP-SVCOOK products. Future studies need to be undertaken to assess the treated patties’ consumer acceptability and sensory profile. The study provides the basis for the development of novel meat-based and plant-based products that are microbiologically safe, with minimum physicochemical alterations during storage.
Collapse
|
14
|
Na Z, Bi H, Wang Y, Guo Y, Ma Y. Effect of Steam Flash-Explosion on Physicochemical Properties and Structure of High-Temperature Denatured Defatted Rice Bran Protein Isolate. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020643. [PMID: 36677701 PMCID: PMC9867354 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of Steam Flash-Explosion (SFE) on the physicochemical properties and molecular structure of high-temperature denatured defatted rice bran protein isolate (RBPI) were investigated. The mechanism of SFE treatment on high-temperature denatured defatted RBPI was revealed. The analysis of the physical and chemical properties of RBPI showed that the surface hydrophobicity, characteristic viscosity, and thermal stability of rice bran protein isolate were significantly affected by the pressure of saturated steam and pressure holding time. Under the conditions of 2.1 MPa and 210 s, the surface hydrophobicity index decreased significantly from 137.5 to 17.5, and the characteristic viscosity increased significantly. The peak temperature of denaturation decreases from 114.2 to 106.7 °C, and the enthalpy of denaturation decreases from 356.3 to 231.4 J/g. The higher structure (circular dichroic spectrum and endogenous fluorescence spectrum) of rice bran protein isolate was analyzed by volume rejection chromatography (SEC). The results showed that steam flash treatment could depolymerize and aggregate RBPI, and the relative molecular weight distribution changed greatly. The decrease in small molecules with poor solubility was accompanied by the increase in macromolecules (>550 kDa) soluble aggregates, which were the products of a Maillard reaction. The contents of free sulfhydryl and disulfide bonds in high-temperature rice bran meal protein isolate were significantly increased, which resulted in the increase in soluble aggregates containing disulfide bonds. Circular dichroism (CD) analysis showed that the α-helix content of the isolated protein was significantly decreased, the random curl content was increased, and the secondary structure of the isolated protein changed from order to disorder. The results of endogenous fluorescence spectroscopy showed that the high-temperature rice bran meal protein isolate was more extended, tryptophan was in a more hydrophilic microenvironment, the fluorescence intensity was reduced, and the tertiary structure was changed. In addition, the mean particle size and net surface charge of protein isolate increased in the aqueous solution, which was conducive to the development of the functional properties of the protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Na
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Haixin Bi
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150028, China
- College of Food Engineering, East University of Heilongjiang, Harbin 150060, China
| | - Yingbin Wang
- College of Food Engineering, East University of Heilongjiang, Harbin 150060, China
| | - Yujuan Guo
- College of Food Engineering, East University of Heilongjiang, Harbin 150060, China
| | - Yongqiang Ma
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150028, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Effects of protein intake from an energy-restricted diet on the skeletal muscle composition of overweight and obese rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20396. [PMID: 36437293 PMCID: PMC9701787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24961-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess weight and obesity are often associated with ectopic adipose tissue accumulation in skeletal muscles. Intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) impairs muscle quality and reduces insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake. Although energy restriction and high protein intake can decrease IMAT, the effects and mechanisms of protein intake from an energy-restricted diet on protein and fat masses in skeletal muscle have received little attention. After establishing a diet-induced overweight and obese Sprague-Dawley rat model (half male and half female), rats were divided into five groups: normal control (NC; normal weight, general maintenance diet), model control (MC; overweight and obesity, high-fat diet), energy-restricted low protein (LP; overweight and obesity, 60% energy intake of NC, general maintenance diet), energy-restricted normal protein (NP; overweight and obesity, 60% energy intake of NC, high-protein diet 1), and energy-restricted high protein (HP; overweight and obesity, 60% energy intake of NC, high-protein diet 2). After 8 weeks, plasma and skeletal muscle (quadriceps femoris and gastrocnemius) samples were collected. Plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides, and hormones were analyzed, while contents of protein, fat, and factors associated with their synthesis and degradation were evaluated in skeletal muscles. Plasma concentrations of hormones contrasted protein and fat contents in skeletal muscles. Fat weights and contents of quadriceps femoris and gastrocnemius muscles in the NP group were significantly lower compared with LP and HP groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, concentrations of factors associated with the degradation of muscle fat were significantly higher in the NP group compared with LP and HP groups (P < 0.05). During energy restriction, protein intake equal to that of a normal protein diet increased lipolysis of quadriceps femoris and gastrocnemius muscles in rats of both sexes.
Collapse
|
16
|
Mirza FS, Aftab ZEH, Ali MD, Aftab A, Anjum T, Rafiq H, Li G. Green synthesis and application of GO nanoparticles to augment growth parameters and yield in mungbean ( Vigna radiata L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1040037. [PMID: 36438114 PMCID: PMC9685626 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth promotion has long been a challenge for growers all over the world. In this work, we devised a green nanomaterial-assisted approach to boost plant growth. It has been reported that carbon nanomaterials are toxic to plants because they can inhibit the uptake of nutrients if employed in higher concentrations, however this study shows that graphene oxide (GO) can be used as a regulator tool to improve plant growth and stability. Graphene oxide in different concentrations was added to the soil of mungbean. It is proved that when a suitable amount of graphene oxide was applied, it had a good influence on plant growth by enhancing the length of roots and shoots, number of leaves, number of root nodules per plant, number of pods, and seeds per pod. We presume that the use of bio-fabricated graphene oxide as a strategy would make it possible to boost both plant growth and the significant increase in the number of seeds produced by each plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Shafiq Mirza
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables/Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zill-e-Huma Aftab
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Arusa Aftab
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tehmina Anjum
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hamza Rafiq
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Guihua Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables/Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Qi Q, Zhang G, Wang W, Sadiq FA, Zhang Y, Li X, Chen Q, Xia Q, Wang X, Li Y. Preparation and Antioxidant Properties of Germinated Soybean Protein Hydrolysates. Front Nutr 2022; 9:866239. [PMID: 35634415 PMCID: PMC9133939 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.866239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, soybeans during different germination stages were described and compared with regard to morphology, water content, protein, amino acids, and isoflavones. The optimal conditions for the hydrolysis of proteins obtained from germinated soybeans were determined using the response surface methodology. Gel filtration chromatography was used to separate germinated soybean protein hydrolysates after ultrafiltration, whereas 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ABTS•+, and FRAP assays were used to assess the antioxidant activity of different fractions. Findings of this study revealed that protein and isoflavone contents were high in soybean at 24 h following germination (the bud was about 0.5–1 cm). The proteins from germinated soybeans were hydrolyzed and separated into five fractions (G1–G5) and evaluated in terms of their molecular weight and antioxidant activity. Interestingly, the antioxidant activity was found to be higher in germinated soybean protein hydrolysates than in other soybean protein hydrolysates derived from soybean meal protein. This suggests that germination can effectively improve the utilization rate of soybean proteins. The antioxidant activity of G3 was best among G1–G5. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that germination for 24 h when the bud length is about 0.5–1 cm can be applied as a special pretreatment of plant seeds in the development of germinated foods. These findings can be used to identify the structure of the potential antioxidative hydrolysates for their possible exploitation in functional foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Guohua Zhang
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Wang
| | | | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qihe Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qile Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yougui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|