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Cardenas Perez AS, Challis JK, Alcaraz AJ, Ji X, Ramirez AVV, Hecker M, Brinkmann M. Developing an Approach for Integrating Chemical Analysis and Transcriptional Changes to Assess Contaminants in Water, Sediment, and Fish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38801401 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments pose threats to aquatic organisms because of their continuous release and potential accumulation. Monitoring methods for these contaminants are inadequate, with targeted analyses falling short in assessing water quality's impact on biota. The present study advocates for integrated strategies combining suspect and targeted chemical analyses with molecular biomarker approaches to better understand the risks posed by complex chemical mixtures to nontarget organisms. The research aimed to integrate chemical analysis and transcriptome changes in fathead minnows to prioritize contaminants, assess their effects, and apply this strategy in Wascana Creek, Canada. Analysis revealed higher pharmaceutical concentrations downstream of a wastewater-treatment plant, with clozapine being the most abundant in fathead minnows, showing notable bioavailability from water and sediment sources. Considering the importance of bioaccumulation factor and biota-sediment accumulation factor in risk assessment, these coefficients were calculated based on field data collected during spring, summer, and fall seasons in 2021. Bioaccumulation was classified as very bioaccumulative with values >5000 L kg-1, suggesting the ability of pharmaceuticals to accumulate in aquatic organisms. The study highlighted the intricate relationship between nutrient availability, water quality, and key pathways affected by pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and rubber components. Prioritization of these chemicals was done through suspect analysis, supported by identifying perturbed pathways (specifically signaling and cellular processes) using transcriptomic analysis in exposed fish. This strategy not only aids in environmental risk assessment but also serves as a practical model for other watersheds, streamlining risk-assessment processes to identify environmental hazards and work toward reducing risks from contaminants of emerging concern. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-22. © 2024 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sharelys Cardenas Perez
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jonathan K Challis
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Alper James Alcaraz
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Xiaowen Ji
- Division of Environmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexis Valerio Valery Ramirez
- Grupo de investigación Agrícola y Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Experimental del Táchira, San Cristóbal, Venezuela
| | - Markus Hecker
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Centre for Hydrology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Castaño-Ortiz JM, Gago-Ferrero P, Barceló D, Rodríguez-Mozaz S, Gil-Solsona R. HRMS-based suspect screening of pharmaceuticals and their transformation products in multiple environmental compartments: An alternative to target analysis? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:132974. [PMID: 38218030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The comprehensive monitoring of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the environment is challenging given the myriad of substances continuously discharged, the increasing number of new compounds being produced (and released), or the variety of the associated human metabolites and transformation products (TPs). Approaches such as high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)-based suspect analysis have emerged to overcome the drawbacks of classical target analytical methods, e.g., restricted chemical coverage. In this study, we assess the readiness of HRMS-based suspect screening to replace or rather complement target methodologies by comparing the performance of both approaches in terms of i) detection of PhACs in various environmental samples (water, sediments, biofilm, fish plasma, muscle and liver) in a field study; ii) PhACs (semi)quantification and iii) prediction of their environmental risks. Our findings revealed that target strategies alone significantly underestimate the variety of PhACs potentially impacting the environment. However, relying solely on suspect strategies can misjudge the presence and risk of low-level but potentially risky PhACs. Additionally, semiquantitative approaches, despite slightly overestimating concentrations, can provide a realistic overview of PhACs concentrations. Hence, it is recommended to adopt a combined strategy that first evaluates suspected threats and subsequently includes the relevant ones in the established target methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Castaño-Ortiz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Pablo Gago-Ferrero
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) Severo Ochoa Excellence Centre, Department of Environmental Chemistry, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) Severo Ochoa Excellence Centre, Department of Environmental Chemistry, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Rodríguez-Mozaz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
| | - Ruben Gil-Solsona
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) Severo Ochoa Excellence Centre, Department of Environmental Chemistry, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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Khezami F, Gómez-Navarro O, Barbieri MV, Khiari N, Chkirbene A, Chiron S, Khadhar S, Pérez S. Occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern and pesticides and relative risk assessment in Tunisian groundwater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167319. [PMID: 37742978 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is an important source for drinking water supply, agricultural irrigation and industrial uses in the Middle East and North Africa region. Due to the growing need for groundwater use, groundwater quality studies on the presence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and pesticides have gained attention. The Wadi El Bey is one of the most polluted areas in Tunisia. However, very limited data on CECs infiltration into aquifers has been described, in comparison to industrialized countries where groundwater contamination has been comprehensively addressed. To gain early insight into potential contamination, groundwater wells in northeast Tunisia, an area with high population density and intensive agricultural activity were sampled during two seasons and were analyzed with two high resolution mass spectrometry approaches: target and suspect screening. The latter was used for screening banned pesticides. A selection of 116 CECs of which 19 are transformation products (TPs) and 20 pesticides previously prioritized by suspect screening were screened in the groundwater samples. The results showed the presence of 69 CECs and 1 TP and 20 pesticides at concentrations per well, ranging between 43 and 7384 ng L-1 and 7.3 and 80 ng L-1, respectively. CECs concentrations in Tunisian groundwater do not differ from those in industrialized countries. WWTPs were considered the main source of pollution, where the main classes detected were analgesics, antihypertensives and artificial sweeteners and especially caffeine, salicylic acid and ibuprofen were found to be ubiquitous. Regarding pesticides, triazines herbicides and carbamates insecticides pose the highest concern due to their ubiquitous presence, high leachability potential for most of them and high toxicity. The environmental risk assessment (ERA) highlighted the high risk that caffeine, ibuprofen, and propoxur may pose to the environment, and consequently, to non-target organisms. This study provides occurrence and ERA analysis of CECs and pesticides in Tunisian groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Khezami
- Laboratory of Georessources, Technopole of Borj Cedria, University Carthage, Soliman, Tunisia
| | | | - Maria Vittoria Barbieri
- UMR HydroSciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 15 Av. Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Nouha Khiari
- Laboratory of Georessources, Technopole of Borj Cedria, University Carthage, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Anis Chkirbene
- LR16AGR02 Water Science and Technology Research Laboratory, National Institute of Agronomy, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Serge Chiron
- UMR HydroSciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 15 Av. Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Samia Khadhar
- Laboratory of Georessources, Technopole of Borj Cedria, University Carthage, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Sandra Pérez
- ONHEALTH, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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Barbieri MV, Chiron S. Relevance of photocatalytic redox transformations of selected pharmaceuticals in a copper- and iron-rich Mediterranean intermittent river. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139762. [PMID: 37557999 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed at investigating specific attenuation pathways of pharmaceuticals in copper- and iron-rich Mediterranean intermittent and sunlit rivers by combining lab- and field-scale studies. Poorly photodegradable and biodegradable compounds such as fluconazole, oxazepam and venlafaxine attenuated in two river stretches with short hydraulic residence times (<3 h). This result was assumed to be related to their capacity to interact with photoreactive free Cu2+ and Fe3+ or their associated oxides. Lab-scale photodegradation experiments under simulated solar irradiation revealed the beneficial impact of a mixture Cu2+ and colloidal iron hydroxides at environmental concentrations and at neutral pH on the pharmaceuticals photodegradation kinetic rate constants. These latter were consistent with the in-stream attenuation rate constants of targeted contaminants which ranged from 0.104 to 0.154 h-1. Further identification of phototransformation products by LC-HRMS highlighted reductive transformation pathways including reductive dehalogenation and hydrogenation reactions. Several TPs were found to be stable under irradiation and were detected in field monitoring, accordingly. This was ascribed to the formation of a Cu/Fe composite material under solar irradiation with photocatalytic properties. The role of Cu was to trap the electron in the conduction band of the iron-based photocatalyst, which promoted separation efficiency of electron-hole pairs as well as enhanced photoreduction processes at the expense of oxidation ones. Even though, these mechanisms have been reported in water treatment field for organic micropollutants removal, their significance was demonstrated for the first time in natural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Barbieri
- UMR HydroSciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 15 Av. Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier cedex 5, France.
| | - Serge Chiron
- UMR HydroSciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 15 Av. Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier cedex 5, France
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Lazuardi M, Hestianah EP, Restiadi TI. Prototype for rapid test devices to detect residues of sulfonamides in chicken carcasses from traditional breeders in Surabaya, Indonesia. Vet World 2023; 16:1252-1259. [PMID: 37577197 PMCID: PMC10421549 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1252-1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Sulfadiazine, one of the sulfonamide group's active compounds, is widely used for therapeutic production against several diseases. Veterinary drug residues can have a significant impact on human health conditions. This study aimed to develop a prototype of rapid test devices (RTDs) for detecting sulfadiazine residues on chicken carcasses based on the color indication. Materials and Methods Seven samples of carcasses collected from traditional breeders in Surabaya-Indonesia were prepared and tested using RTDs. This sample represents the population considering that in the last report, the use of antibiotics was more than 40%, while the ability to monitor RTDs was estimated at 100. The standard color of purple by Hex code standard color or decimal code color was used to compare the positive samples. A light-emitting diode (LED) lamp was used to observe purple color. Analysis of sulfonamides resulting from RTDs was compared using a ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. Results Sulfonamides contamination levels of 50% and 100% were detected at concentrations of 0.472 μg/mL and 0.642 μg/mL, respectively. Sulfonamides contamination that was <0.395 μg/mL did not appear purple. Conclusion The study's findings showed that RTDs can be used to detect sulfonamides residues at a limit of detection 0.5 mg/mL after a 45 min exposure to an LED operating at a wavelength of 980 nm (p < 0.05). The limitation of RTDs was not being able to monitor the presence of residues bound in fat samples. Rapid test devices can be developed for commonly monitoring devices due to the limited technology available in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mochamad Lazuardi
- Sub-Division of Veterinary Pharmacy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Mulyorejo Rd, 60115, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Eka Pramyrtha Hestianah
- Division of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Mulyorejo Rd, 60115, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Tjuk Imam Restiadi
- Division of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Mulyorejo Rd, 60115, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Lazofsky A, Buckley B. Recent Trends in Multiclass Analysis of Emerging Endocrine Disrupting Contaminants (EDCs) in Drinking Water. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248835. [PMID: 36557967 PMCID: PMC9781274 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ingestion of water is a major route of human exposure to environmental contaminants. There have been numerous studies exploring the different compounds present in drinking water, with recent attention drawn to a new class of emerging contaminants: endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs). EDCs encompass a broad range of physio-chemically diverse compounds; from naturally occurring to manmade. Environmentally, EDCs are found as mixtures containing multiple classes at trace amounts. Human exposure to EDCs, even at low concentrations, is known to lead to adverse health effects. Therefore, the ability to evaluate EDC contamination with a high degree of sensitivity and accuracy is of the utmost importance. This review includes (i) discussion on the perceived and actual risks associated with EDC exposure (ii) regulatory actions that look to limit EDC contamination (iii) analytical methods, including sample preparation, instrumentation and bioassays that have been advanced and employed for multiclass EDC identification and quantitation.
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