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Samad M, Akhtar W, Muneer A, Fatima I, Manzoor M, Gillani SW, Rehman FU, Majeed K, Ali B, Sarwar R. Characterization, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and growth promoting effects of biogenically synthesized silver nanoparticles derived from Dicliptera bupleuroides Nees. Microsc Res Tech 2024. [PMID: 38877835 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
One of the most important areas of nanotechnology is the use of nanoparticles (NPs) for a variety of environmental and biological applications, with silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) gaining a lot attention due to their distinct properties. The current study deals with the synthesis of Ag-NPs from Dicliptera bupleuroides Nees leaf extract and to determine their antioxidant, antimicrobial potential and effects on wheat seed germination and growth. UV-Visible spectrum revealed a prominent absorption peak at 442 nm, elucidating the conformation of the Ag-NPs synthesis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed distinctive triangular, pyramidal, and irregular shape. X-ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrated their crystalline nature, with average crystallite size of the Ag-NPs measured at 20.52 nm. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) further confirmed the presence of functional groups such as Phenols (O-H stretch), transition metal carbonyls N-H, ≡C-H, C ≡ N, C ≡ C, C-Cl, C-Br and O-H bonds on the surface Ag-NPs. The antibacterial activity of the Ag-NPs was most pronounced against Bacillus subtilis, with a zone of inhibition (ZOI) measuring 11 mm ± 0.57 at a concentration of 1000 μg/mL (45% inhibition). Likewise, Ag-NPs exhibited highest antioxidant potential (73.2%) at 100 μg/mL compared with standard (ascorbic acid) which showed (76%) at the same concentration. Furthermore, the effect of D. bupleuroides mediated Ag-NPs on wheat seeds growth and germination was recorded maximum at high concentrations (200-300 ppm). In conclusion, D. bupleuroides mediated Ag-NPs showed safe, cost effective and environmentally friendly synthesis which can be used as an antibacterial and antioxidant agent as well as for enhancing the growth and seed germination of crop seeds globally. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Nanotechnology is the study of nanoparticles for biological and environmental applications. Ag-NPs among other NPs have received broad attention because of their unique properties. D. bupleuroides Ag-NPs: 45% antibacterial, 73.2% antioxidant, enhance wheat germination. D. bupleuroides-mediated Ag-NPs are both cost-effective and environmentally beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Memoona Samad
- Department of Botany, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Akhtar
- Department of Botany, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Arooj Muneer
- Department of Botany, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Iram Fatima
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR), Head Office, 1 Constitution Avenue, G-5/2, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Manzoor
- Department of Botany, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Waseem Gillani
- Department of Botany, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Khawar Majeed
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Baber Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Sarwar
- Department of Botany, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
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Sari BR, Yesilot S, Ozmen O, Aydin Acar C. Superior In Vivo Wound-Healing Activity of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles with Nepeta cataria (Catnip) on Excision Wound Model in Rat. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04268-4. [PMID: 38865065 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04268-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles were biosynthesized with Nepeta cataria plant extract. It was determined that the synthesized Nc-AgNPs gave a strong absorbance peak at 438 nm wavelength in the UV-vis spectrophotometer. SEM and TEM analyses of Nc-AgNPs showed that the synthesized nanoparticles had a spherical morphology. Based on XRD analysis, the average crystallite size of Nc-AgNPs was calculated at 15.74 nm. At the same time, EDS spectrum analysis exhibited dominant emission energy at 3 keV, indicative of Nc-AgNPs. Nc-AgNPs showed an inhibition zone of 12 nm in gram-negative Escherichia coli, 10 nm in gram-positive Enterococcus faecalis, and 11 nm in Staphylococcus aureus. Nc-AgNPs showed high antioxidant properties, with 63% at 5000 μg/mL. The wound-healing properties of Nc-AgNPs were evaluated in vivo in wound models created in a total of 20 Wistar albino male rats, divided into four groups. After 10 days of treatment, the highest wound closure rate was seen in the Nc-AgNP + Vaseline (Group IV) treatment group, at 94%. It was observed that Nc-AgNP + Vaseline nanoformulation significantly increased wound healing, similar to Silverdin®, and Vaseline alone supported healing but did not result in complete closure. Histopathological examination revealed an increase in mature Type 1 collagen in Group IV and positive control (Group II), with better collagen maturation in vehicle control (Group III) compared to negative control (Group I). Immunohistochemical analysis showed complete epithelialization in Group IV and Group II, with distinct cytokeratin expressions, while Group III exhibited mild expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berfin Rumeysa Sari
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Sukriye Yesilot
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
- Department of Nursing, Bucak School of Health, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozmen
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Pathology, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Aydin Acar
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey.
- Department of Nursing, Bucak School of Health, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey.
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Alomar TS, AlMasoud N, Awad MA, AlOmar RS, Merghani NM, El-Zaidy M, Bhattarai A. Designing Green Synthesis-Based Silver Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial Theranostics and Cancer Invasion Prevention. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:4451-4464. [PMID: 38799694 PMCID: PMC11127651 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s440847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Researchers are increasingly favouring the use of biological resources in the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. This synthesis process is quick and affordable. The current study examined the antibacterial and anticancer effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) derived from the Neurada procumbens plant. Biomolecules derived from natural sources can be used to coat AgNPs to make them biocompatible. Methods UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to verify the synthesis of AgNPs from Neurada procumbens plant extract, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize their morphology, crystalline structure, stability, and coating. Results UV-visible spectrum of AgNPs shows an absorption peak at 422 nm, indicating the isotropic nature of these nanoparticles. As a result of the emergence of a transmission peak at 804.53 and 615.95 cm-1 in the spectrum of the infrared light emitted by atoms in a sample, FTIR spectroscopy demonstrated that the Ag stretching vibration mode is metal-oxygen (M-O). Electron dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectral analysis shows that elementary silver has a peak at 3 keV. Irradiating the silver surface with electrons, photons, or laser beams triggers the illumination. The emission peak locations have been found between 300 and 550 nm. As a result of DLS analysis, suspended particles showed a bimodal size distribution, with their Z-average particle size being 93.38 nm. Conclusion The findings showed that the antibacterial action of AgNPs was substantially (p≤0.05) more evident against Gramme-positive strains (S. aureus and B. cereus) than E. coli. The biosynthesis of AgNPs is an environmentally friendly method for making nanostructures that have antimicrobial and anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghrid S Alomar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najla AlMasoud
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal A Awad
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem S AlOmar
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 32210, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada M Merghani
- Central Research Laboratory, Vice Rectorate for Studies and Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Zaidy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11459, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajaya Bhattarai
- Department of Chemistry, Mahendra Morang Adarsh Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Biratnagar, 56613, Nepal
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Jain R, Singh R, Badhwar R, Gupta T, Popli H. Development and optimization of Clitoria teratea synthesized silver nanoparticles and its application to nanogel systems for wound healing. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2024; 50:181-191. [PMID: 38318676 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2024.2308043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present research deals with sequential optimization strategy based on Central Composite Design to optimize the process variables for efficient production of Clitoria teratea (CLT) synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using biological synthesis. METHODS Two substantial factors influencing the dependent variables viz UV-visible absorbance, particle size, zeta potential and polydispersity index (PDI) were identified as NaOH concentration, RH concentration, temperature as independent variables. In-vitro and ex-vivo studies of prepared CLT-AgNPs gel and marketed gel were carried out using dialysis membrane and egg membrane, respectively. In addition, antimicrobial study was also performed on the bacterial strains. RESULTS The particles size (114 nm), PDI (0.45), and zeta potential (-29.5 mV) of optimized formulation were found, respectively. In-vitro profile of AgNPs from prepared CLT-AgNPs gel was noted (95.6%) in 8 h. It was found that the prepared CLT-AgNPs gel stimulates fibroblast and agranulocytosis development resulting better and timely wound healing. CONCLUSIONS The prepared CLT-AgNPs gel can be as a potential substitute in the management and treatment of acute and chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Science and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ruchi Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Science and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Reena Badhwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Science and Research University, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tercentenary University, Gurugram, India
| | - Tinku Gupta
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Harvinder Popli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Science and Research University, New Delhi, India
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Shukla G, Singh A, Chaudhary N, Singh S, Basnal N, Gaurav SS. Metal nanoparticles to improve the heat resilience in wheat ( Triticum aestivumL.). NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:205101. [PMID: 38330456 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad27af] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the efficacy of phytogenic silver and zinc nanoparticles in improving heat resilience in various wheat varieties. The silver and zinc nanoparticles were synthesized using plant leaf extract and characterized using various techniques. Four wheat varieties (DBW187, Black Wheat, DBW 50, and PBW 621) were subjected to field trials. The random block design was used, and nanoparticles in different concentrations were applied at various growth stages and morphologically, and yield parameters were recorded. UV-vis spectroscopy spectral analysis showed peaks for Ag nanoparticles at 420 nm wavelength and Zn nanoparticles at 240 and 350 nm wavelength, depicting the preliminary confirmation of nanoparticle synthesis. Electron microscopic analysis (TEM and SEM) provided morphological insights and confirmed synthesis of fine-sized particle mostly in a range between 10 and 60 nm. Energy dispersive x-ray analysis confirmed the elemental composition of the synthesized nanoparticles, with Ag and Zn elements detected in their respective samples. It also confirmed the oxide nature of synthesized ZnNPs. Dynamic light scattering analysis provided size distribution profiles, indicating average sizes of approximately 61.8 nm for Ag nanoparticles and 46.5 nm for Zn nanoparticles. The concentrations of Ag and Zn nanoparticles in the samples were found to be 196.3 ppm and 115.14 ppm, respectively, through atomic absorption spectroscopic analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed characteristic functional groups present in the nanoparticles. The results of field experiments established that Ag nanoparticles at 75 ppm concentration exhibited the most significant enhancements in plant growth. Conversely, Zn nanoparticles at a 100 ppm concentration demonstrated the most substantial improvements in the growth and yield of heat-stressed wheat varieties. The study concludes that optimized concentrations of silver and zinc nanoparticles can effectively improve heat stress resilience in wheat. These findings are promising to enhance abiotic stress resilience in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyanika Shukla
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, UP. Pin code: 250004, India
| | - Amardeep Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, UP. Pin code: 250004, India
| | - Neha Chaudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, UP. Pin code: 250004, India
| | - Swati Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, UP. Pin code: 250004, India
| | - Namita Basnal
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, UP. Pin code: 250004, India
| | - Shailendra Singh Gaurav
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, UP. Pin code: 250004, India
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Verma SK, Goyary D, Singh AK, Anandhan S, Raina SN, Pandey S, Kumar S, Khare N. Modulation of terpenoid indole alkaloid pathway via elicitation with phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles for the enhancement of ajmalicine, a pharmaceutically important alkaloid. PLANTA 2023; 259:30. [PMID: 38150044 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The use of silver nanoparticles as elicitors in cell cultures of Rauwolfia serpentina resulted in increased levels of ajmalicine, upregulated structural and regulatory genes, elevated MDA content, and reduced activity of antioxidant enzymes. These findings hold potential for developing a cost-effective method for commercial ajmalicine production. Plants possess an intrinsic ability to detect various stress signals, prompting the activation of defense mechanisms through the reprogramming of metabolites to counter adverse conditions. The current study aims to propose an optimized bioprocess for enhancing the content of ajmalicine in Rauwolfia serpentina callus through elicitation with phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles. Initially, callus lines exhibiting elevated ajmalicine content were established. Following this, a protocol for the phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using seed extract from Rauwolfia serpentina was successfully standardized. The physicochemical attributes of the silver nanoparticles were identified, including their spherical shape, size ranging from 6.7 to 28.8 nm in diameter, and the presence of reducing-capping groups such as amino, carbonyl, and amide. Further, the findings indicated that the presence of 2.5 mg L-1 phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles in the culture medium increased the ajmalicine content. Concurrently, structural genes (TDC, SLS, STR, SGD, G10H) and regulatory gene (ORCA3) associated with the ajmalicine biosynthetic pathway were observed to be upregulated. A notable increase in MDA content and a decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes were observed. A notable increase in MDA content and a decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes were also observed. Our results strongly recommend the augmentation of ajmalicine content in the callus culture of R. serpentina through supplementation with silver nanoparticles, a potential avenue for developing a cost-effective process for the commercial production of ajmalicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar Verma
- Nims Institute of Allied Medical Science and Technology, Nims University Rajasthan, Delhi-Jaipur Highway, NH-11C, Jaipur, 303121, Rajasthan, India
- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Danswrang Goyary
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sivalingam Anandhan
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar, Pune, 410505, Maharashtra, India
| | - Soom Nath Raina
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Sadanand Pandey
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neeraj Khare
- Nims Institute of Allied Medical Science and Technology, Nims University Rajasthan, Delhi-Jaipur Highway, NH-11C, Jaipur, 303121, Rajasthan, India.
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Bibi S, Raza M, Shahbaz M, Ajmal M, Mehak A, Fatima N, Abasi F, Sathiya Seelan JS, Raja NI, Yongchao B, Zain M, Javaid RA, Maimaiti Y. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles enhanced wheat resistance to Bipolaris sorokiniana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108067. [PMID: 37832369 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Agronomic crops can benefit from the application of nanoscale materials in order to control phytopathogens and improve plant growth. Bipolaris sorokiniana, a soil- and seed-borne fungus, causes severe yield losses in wheat. In order to determine the physio-chemical changes in wheat under biotic stress of B. sorokiniana, the current study aimed to synthesis silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Allium sativum bulb extract. Herein, we applied the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a foliar spray on two wheat varieties (Pakistan-2013, and NARC-2011) at the concentrations of 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/L to suppress B. sorokiniana. Among all the applied concentrations of AgNPs, the 40 mg/L concentration demonstrated the most effective outcome in reduction of the intensity of spot blotch and improved the morphological, physiological, biochemical parameters, as well as antioxidant activity in wheat plant. Foliar application of AgNPs at 40 mg/L Pakistan-2013 and NARC-2011 wheat varieties significantly increased chlorophyll a 84.8% and 53.4%, chlorophyll b 28.9% and 84.3%, total chlorophyll content 294.3% and 241.2%, membrane stability index 7.5% and 6.1%, relative water contents 25.4% and 10.5%, proline content 320.5% and 609.9%, and soluble sugar content 120% and 259.4%, respectively, compared to control and diseased plant. This is the first study provides important insights into the role of phyto-mediated AgNPs in increasing resistant of wheat infected with B. sorokiniana. These findings offers valuable new insights that may be useful for reducing disease incidence in wheat fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Bibi
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 83009, China; Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Mubashar Raza
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 83009, China; State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan; Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation (ITBC), Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, 88400, Malaysia
| | - Maryam Ajmal
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Asma Mehak
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Noor Fatima
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Fozia Abasi
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Jaya Seelan Sathiya Seelan
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation (ITBC), Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, 88400, Malaysia
| | - Naveed Iqbal Raja
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Bai Yongchao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestryand Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Muhammad Zain
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Rana Arsalan Javaid
- Rice Research Program, Crop Sciences Institute, National Agriculture Research Centre, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Yushanjiang Maimaiti
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 83009, China.
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Shabbir MA, Naveed M, Rehman SU, Ain NU, Aziz T, Alharbi M, Alsahammari A, Alasmari AF. Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles from Madhuca indica Plant Extract and Assessment of Their Cytotoxic, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Diabetic Properties via Different Nanoinformatics Approaches. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:33358-33366. [PMID: 37744851 PMCID: PMC10515396 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Recently, nanobiotechnology has attracted a lot of attention, as it is a rapidly emerging field that is still growing and developing efficient and advanced therapeutic protocols under the umbrella of nanomedicine. It can revolutionize solutions to biomedical problems by developing effective treatment protocols and therapeutics. However, focus and research are still required to make these therapeutics more effective and safer to use. In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized from Madhuca indica extract using green synthesis protocols. The nanoparticles were further characterized based on their absorption spectrum, size, structural morphology, and other related parameters. Biological assays were also performed to evaluate biological applications for the synthesized nanoparticles. In silico analysis was performed to assess the druglike properties of synthesized nanoparticles. The results proved an optimized synthesis of the iron oxide nanoparticles with the size of 56 nm confirmed by SEM. The FTIR analysis predicted the presence of nitro and carbonyl groups in the synthesized nanoparticles. The 81% DPPH inhibition confirmed the antioxidant activity, and the 96.20% inhibition of egg albumin protein confirmed the anti-inflamatory activity. Additionally, the 73.26% inhibition of α-amylase, which was more than that of the control used, confirmed the antidiabetic activity. The ADMET analysis confirmed the synthesized nanoparticles as potential therapeutic candidates as well. However, further evaluation for safety concerns is still required to use these FeONPs as potential therapeutic agents. This study can be proved as a significant contribution to the scientific community and a gateway to the future scientists who are willing to work on nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology. ADMET analysis confirmed the synthesized nanoparticles as potential therapeutic candidates as well. However, further evaluation for safety concerns is still required to use these FeONPs and potential therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aqib Shabbir
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science & Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science & Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Shafiq ur Rehman
- Department
of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Noor ul Ain
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science & Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Aziz
- Department
of Agriculture University of Ioannina, Arta 47100, Greece
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alsahammari
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F. Alasmari
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Klein W, Ismail E, Maboza E, Hussein AA, Adam RZ. Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles: Antifungal and Cytotoxic Potential for Further Dental Applications. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:379. [PMID: 37504874 PMCID: PMC10381808 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14070379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections caused by Candida albicans (C. albicans) are one of the most prevalent types of oral disorders in the elderly. It has been reported that drug resistance to fungal pathogens poses a severe risk to global healthcare systems and public health. Therefore, the goal of this work is to investigate the cytotoxic and antifungal properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) produced using three different natural extracts: Berzelia lanuginose, Helichrysum cymosum, and Searsia crenata. According to the UV-Vis results, the synthesized AgNPs via B. lanuginose, H. cymosum, and S. crenata show surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) peaks at 430, 440, and 428 nm, respectively. HR-TEM revealed different shapes for the nanoparticles within the size ranges of 16-20, 31-60, and 57-72 nm for B. lanuginose, H. cymosum, and S. crenata, respectively. Using a human oral fibroblast cell line, the cytotoxicity of both AgNPs and plant extracts was tested at concentrations of 0.007, 0.012, 0.025, and 0.062 mg/mL (buccal mucosa fibroblasts). The antifungal activity showed growth inhibition zones of approximately 18 mm, 18.67 mm, and 18.33 mm for the AgNPs conjugated with B. lanuginose, H. cymosum, and S. crenata, respectively. For the studied samples, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) was less than 0.015 mg/mL. The AgNPs exhibited antifungal activity that was concentration- and size-dependent. The results of this study offer new insights into the cytotoxicity and antifungal activity of the green-synthesized AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Widadh Klein
- Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Parow, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Enas Ismail
- Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Parow, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science (Girl's Branch), Al Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ernest Maboza
- Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Parow, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Razia Z Adam
- Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Parow, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
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Shouket S, Khurshid S, Khan J, Batool R, Sarwar A, Aziz T, Alhomrani M, Alamri AS, Sameeh MY, Zubair Filimban F. Enhancement of shelf-life of food items via immobilized enzyme nanoparticles on varied supports. A sustainable approach towards food safety and sustainability. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112940. [PMID: 37254364 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to extend the shelf life of fruits and vegetables through a novel technique based on utilization of microbially driven enzyme glucose oxidase and casting a fine layer of hydrogen peroxide on the food item that protected the fruit from decay. The produced nanoparticles (ZnO, Ag) were ligated with Glucose Oxidize (GOx) purified from Aspergillus niger. Post ligation studies revealed that ligated enzymes display relatively enhanced activity. Four types of sprays were prepared in order to compare their effectiveness. Glucose oxidase/silver nanoparticles (GOx/AgNPs), glucose oxidase/zinc oxide nanoparticles (GOx/ZnONPs), AgNPs and ZnONPs sprays were applied to guava fruit samples as post-harvest therapeutic agents for a period of 15 days. Fruit quality parameters such as total suspended solids (TSS), pH, weight loss, DPPH free radical capturing performance and firmness confirms that usage of the bioconjugates especially that of GOx/ZnONP was curiously active to maintain the physical appearance of fruit well along with no such deterioration in chemical composition of fruit. Consequently, enzymes ligated on the surface of nanoparticles (ZnONP) are exceptional for extension of post-harvest shelf life of fruits such as guava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Shouket
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Khurshid
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Jahangir Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Razia Batool
- Department of Forensic and Toxicology, Sahara medical college Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Abid Sarwar
- Food and Biotechnology Research Center, Pakistan Council of Scientific Industrial Research (PCSIR) Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Aziz
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Majid Alhomrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University P.O.Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhakeem S Alamri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University P.O.Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Y Sameeh
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Al-Leith University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24831, Saudi Arabia 6
| | - Faten Zubair Filimban
- Division of Plant Sciences, Department of Biology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Essghaier B, Hannachi H, Nouir R, Mottola F, Rocco L. Green Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Silver Nanoparticles Using Achillea maritima subsp. maritima Aqueous Extract: Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potential and Effect on Virulence Mechanisms of Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1964. [PMID: 37446480 DOI: 10.3390/nano13131964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Novel silver nanoparticles were synthesized based on a simple and non-toxic method by applying the green synthesis technique, using, for the first time, the aqueous extract of an extremophile plant belonging to the Achillea maritima subsp. maritima species. AgNP characterization was performed via UV-Visible, front-face fluorescence spectroscopy, and FTIR and XRD analyses. AgNP formation was immediately confirmed by a color change from yellow to brown and by a surface plasmon resonance peak using UV-Vis spectroscopy at 420 nm. The biosynthesized AgNPs were spherical in shape with a size ranging from approximatively 14.13 to 21.26 nm. The presented silver nanoparticles exhibited strong antioxidant activity following a DPPH assay compared to ascorbic acid, with IC50 values of about 0.089 µg/mL and 22.54 µg/mL, respectively. The AgNPs showed higher antidiabetic capacities than acarbose, by inhibiting both alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase. The silver nanoparticles could affect various bacterial mechanisms of virulence, such as EPS production, biofilm formation and DNA damage. The silver nanoparticles showed no lysozyme activity on the cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria. The AgNPs also had a strong inhibitory effect on the Candida albicans virulence factor (extracellular enzymes, biofilm formation). The microscopic observation showed abnormal morphogenesis and agglomeration of Candida albicans exposed to AgNPs. The AgNPs showed no cytotoxic effect on human cells in an MTT assay. The use of novel silver nanoparticles is encouraged in the formulation of natural antimicrobial and antidiabetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badiaa Essghaier
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology LR01ES05, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El-Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Hédia Hannachi
- Laboratory of Vegetable Productivity and Environmental Constraint LR18ES04, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El-Manar II, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Rihem Nouir
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Atomique, Moléculaire et Applications (LSAMA), Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El-Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Medical Technologies of Tunis, University Tunis El-Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Filomena Mottola
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Lucia Rocco
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
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12
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Waseem M, Naveed M, Rehman SU, Makhdoom SI, Aziz T, Alharbi M, Alsahammari A, Alasmari AF. Molecular Characterization of spa, hld, fmhA, and l ukD Genes and Computational Modeling the Multidrug Resistance of Staphylococcus Species through Callindra harrisii Silver Nanoparticles. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:20920-20936. [PMID: 37323409 PMCID: PMC10268295 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The problem of multidrug resistance in bacterial pathogens is significant and is related to the high morbidity and death rates of living things due to increased levels of beta-lactamases. Plant-derived nanoparticles have gained a great significance in the field of science and technology to combat bacterial diseases, especially multidrug-resistant bacteria. This study examines the multidrug resistance and virulent genes of identified pathogenic Staphylococcus species obtained from Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Laboratory (MBBL), culture collection. The polymerase chain reaction-based characterization of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus argenteus having ON875315.1 and ON876003.1 accession IDs revealed the presence of the spa, LukD, fmhA, and hld genes. The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was carried out by utilizing the leaf extract of Calliandra harrisii, of which metabolites act as capping and reducing agents for the precursor of nano-synthesis, i.e., AgNO3 of 0.25 M. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized via UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis which inferred the bead-like shape of our nanoparticles with the size of 2.21 nm with the existence of aromatic and hydroxyl functional groups at surface plasmon resonance of 477 nm. The antimicrobial activity by AgNPs showed 20 mm inhibition of Staphylococcus species as compared to the vancomycin and cefoxitin antibiotics along with crude plant extract, which showed a minimum zone of inhibition. The synthesized AgNPs were also analyzed for various biological activities like anti-inflammatory with 99.15% inhibition in protein denaturation, antioxidant with 99.8% inhibition in free radical scavenging, antidiabetic with 90.56% inhibition of alpha amylase assay, and anti-haemolytic with 89.9% inhibition in cell lysis which shows good bioavailability and biocompatibility of the nanoparticles with the biological system of the living being. The amplified genes (spa, LukD, fmhA, and hld) were also analyzed for their interaction with AgNPs computationally at the molecular level. The 3-D structure of AgNP and amplified genes was retrieved from ChemSpider (ID: 22394) and Phyre2 online server, respectively. The binding affinities of AgNP with spa, LukD, fmhA, and hld were -7.16, -6.5, -6.45, and -3.3 kJ/mol, respectively, which infers a good docking score except of hld which is -3.3 kJ/mol due to its small size. The salient features of biosynthesized AgNPs proved to be an effective approach in combating the multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus species in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waseem
- Department of Biotechnology,
Faculty of Science and Technology, University
of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Biotechnology,
Faculty of Science and Technology, University
of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Shafiq ur Rehman
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and
Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Izma Makhdoom
- Department of Biotechnology,
Faculty of Science and Technology, University
of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Aziz
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Arta 47100, Greece
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,
College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alsahammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,
College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F. Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,
College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Naveed M, Makhdoom SI, Rehman SU, Aziz T, Bashir F, Ali U, Alharbi M, Alshammari A, Alasmari AF. Biosynthesis and Mathematical Interpretation of Zero-Valent Iron NPs Using Nigella sativa Seed Tincture for Indemnification of Carcinogenic Metals Present in Industrial Effluents. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083299. [PMID: 37110533 PMCID: PMC10146977 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Zero-valent iron nanoparticles (ZVI-NPs) are utilized for the indemnification of a wide range of environmental pollutants. Among the pollutants, heavy metal contamination is the major environmental concern due to their increasing prevalence and durability. In this study, heavy metal remediation capabilities are determined by the green synthesis of ZVI-NPs using aqueous seed extract of Nigella sativa which is a convenient, environmentally friendly, efficient, and cost-effective technique. The seed extract of Nigella sativa was utilized as a capping and reducing agent for the generation of ZVI-NPs. UV-visible spectrophotometry (UV-vis), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to investigate the ZVI-NP composition, shape, elemental constitution, and perspective functional groups, respectively. The biosynthesized ZVI-NPs displayed a peak of plasmon resonance spectra at 340 nm. The synthesized NPs were cylindrical in shape, with a size of 2 nm and (-OH) hydroxyl, (C-H) alkanes and alkynes N-C, N=C, C-O, =CH functional groups attached to the surface of ZVI-NPs. Heavy metals were successfully remediated from industrial wastewater collected from the various tanneries of Kasur. During the reaction duration of 24 h, different concentrations of ZVI-NPs (10 μg, 20 μg and 30 μg) per 100 mL were utilized for the removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater. The 30 μg/100 mL of ZVI-NPs proved the pre-eminent concentration of NPs as it removed >90% of heavy metals. The synthesized ZVI-NPs were analyzed for compatibility with the biological system resulting in 87.7% free radical scavenging, 96.16% inhibition of protein denaturation, 60.29% and 46.13% anti-cancerism against U87-MG and HEK 293 cell lines, respectively. The physiochemical and exposure mathematical models of ZVI-NPs represented them as stable and ecofriendly NPs. It proved that biologically synthesized NPs from a seed tincture of Nigella sativa have a strong potential to indemnify heavy metals found in industrial effluent samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Izma Makhdoom
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Aziz
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioaninna, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Farzana Bashir
- Principal Scientific Officer, Centre for Environmental Protection Studies, Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research Laboratory Complex, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Urooj Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Sahoo B, Rath SK, Champati BB, Panigrahi LL, Pradhan AK, Nayak S, Kar BR, Jha S, Arakha M. Photocatalytic activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticle fosters oxidative stress at nanoparticle interface resulting in antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36988223 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Inside the biological milieu, nanoparticles with photocatalytic activity have potential to trigger cell death non-specifically due to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon reacting with biological entities. Silver nanoparticle (AgNP) possessing narrow band gap energy can exhibit high light absorption property and significant photocatalytic activity. This study intends to explore the effects of ROS generated due to photocatalytic activity of AgNP on antimicrobial and cytotoxic propensities. To this end, AgNP was synthesized using the principle of green chemistry from the peel extract of Punica granatum L., and was characterized using UV-Vis spectroscope, transmission electron microscope and x-ray diffraction, and so forth. The antimicrobial activity of AgNP against studied bacteria indicated that, ROS generated at AgNP interface develop stress on bacterial membrane leading to bacterial cell death, whereas Alamar Blue dye reduction assay indicated that increased cytotoxic activity with increasing concentrations of AgNP. The γH2AX activity assay revealed that increasing the concentrations of AgNP increased DNA damaging activity. The results altogether demonstrated that both antimicrobial and cytotoxic propensities are triggered primarily due interfacial ROS generation by photocatalytic AgNP, which caused membrane deformation in bacteria and DNA damage in HT1080 cells resulting in cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banishree Sahoo
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sandip Kumar Rath
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bibhuti Bhusan Champati
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Lipsa Leena Panigrahi
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Arun Kumar Pradhan
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Nayak
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Bikash Ranjan Kar
- IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Suman Jha
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Manoranjan Arakha
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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15
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Abdallah BM, Rajendran P, Ali EM. Potential Treatment of Dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum in Rat Model Using Topical Green Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles with Achillea santolina Extract. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041536. [PMID: 36838531 PMCID: PMC9965404 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichophyton rubrum is the most common dermatophyte, and can cause cutaneous infections in humans and animals (dermatophytosis). In this study, we investigated the anti-dermatophytic potential of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Achillea santolina extract (AS-AgNPs) in an in vitro and in vivo rat model of dermal T. rubrum dermatophytosis (TRD). The green synthesis of AS-AgNPs was performed using A. santolina extract and characterized by UV-VIS spectroscopy, zeta potential, imaging (transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The antifungal activity of AS-AgNPs was determined by the broth microdilution method, conidial germination, and hyphal growth inhibition. TEM and SEM were used to study the mode of the antifungal action of AS-AgNPs. AS-AgNPs inhibited the growth of T. rubrum with an MIC of 128 μg/mL, and suppressed the conidial germination and hyphal growth by 55.3% 84.6%, respectively. AS-AgNPs caused modified mycelial structures, increased cell membrane permeability, and cell wall damage. AS-AgNPs significantly increase the permeability of the fungal membrane, as revealed by reducing ergosterol biosynthesis. An increase in the intracellular ROS and the induction of apoptosis were also observed during AS-AgNP treatment. In addition, AS-AgNPs reduced the cell wall integrity, as shown by the reduction in the β-(1,3)-d-glucan synthase and chitin synthase activities. AS-AgNPs showed very low toxicity on primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) at the MIC. The topical treatment of the infected skin in the TRD rat model with AS-AgNPs showed a significant reduction in the fugal burden after 7 days and a complete clearance of fungal conidia, with a high recovery of epidermal and dermal structures after 14 days, compared to control rats. Interestingly, AS-AgNPs significantly attenuated the infiltrated inflammatory cells, in association with reducing the tissue proinflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, MOP and IL-17. In conclusion, our data prove AS-AgNPs to be a novel green topical therapy for dermatophytosis caused by T. rubrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem M. Abdallah
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-(013)-589-9430
| | - Peramaiyan Rajendran
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enas M. Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
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16
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Aziz T, Nadeem AA, Sarwar A, Perveen I, Hussain N, Khan AA, Daudzai Z, Cui H, Lin L. Particle Nanoarchitectonics for Nanomedicine and Nanotherapeutic Drugs with Special Emphasis on Nasal Drugs and Aging. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020354. [PMID: 36830891 PMCID: PMC9953552 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a multifunctional physiological manifestation. The nasal cavity is considered a major site for easy and cost-effective drug and vaccine administration, due to high permeability, low enzymatic activity, and the presence of a high number of immunocompetent cells. This review article primarily focuses on aging genetics, physical parameters, and the use of nanoparticles as delivery systems of drugs and vaccines via the nasal cavity. Studies have identified various genes involved in centenarian and average-aged people. VEGF is a key mediator involved in angiogenesis. Different therapeutic approaches induce vascular function and angiogenesis. FOLR1 gene codes for folate receptor alpha protein that helps in regulating the transport of vitamin B folate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and folate analogs inside the cell. This gene also aids in slowing the aging process down by cellular regeneration and promotes healthy aging by reducing aging symptoms. It has been found through the literature that GATA 6, Yamanaka factors, and FOLR1 work in synchronization to induce healthy and delayed aging. The role and applications of genes including CBS, CISD, SIRT 1, and SIRT 6 play a significant role in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Aziz
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Abad Ali Nadeem
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Centre, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Abid Sarwar
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Centre, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Ishrat Perveen
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Centre, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Nageen Hussain
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, New Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Ayaz Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan
| | - Zubaida Daudzai
- Department of Bioresources and Biotechnology, King Mongkut University of Technology, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Haiying Cui
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Lin Lin
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (L.L.)
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17
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Hayat P, Khan I, Rehman A, Jamil T, Hayat A, Rehman MU, Ullah N, Sarwar A, Alharbi AA, Dablool AS, Daudzai Z, Alamri AS, Alhomrani M, Aziz T. Myogenesis and Analysis of Antimicrobial Potential of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) against Pathogenic Bacteria. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020637. [PMID: 36677695 PMCID: PMC9863364 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread and indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics leads to microbial resistance, which causes major problems in the treatment of infectious diseases. However, advances in nanotechnology have opened up new domains for the synthesis and use of nanoparticles against multidrug-resistant pathogens. The traditional approaches for nanoparticle synthesis are not only expensive, laborious, and hazardous but also have various limitations. Therefore, new biological approaches are being designed to synthesize economical and environmentally friendly nanoparticles with enhanced antimicrobial activity. The current study focuses on the isolation, identification, and screening of metallotolerant fungal strains for the production of silver nanoparticles, using antimicrobial activity analysis and the characterization of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles by X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In total, 11 fungal isolates were isolated and screened for the synthesis of AgNPs, while the Penicillium notatum (K1) strain was found to be the most potent, demonstrating biosynthetic ability. The biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles showed excellent antibacterial activity against the bacteria Escherichia coli (ATCC10536), Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC9144), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC10145), Enterococcus faecalis, and Listeria innocua (ATCC13932). Furthermore, three major diffraction peaks in the XRD characterization, located at the 2θ values of 28.4, 34.8, 38.2, 44, 64, and 77°, confirmed the presence of AgNPs, while elemental composition analysis via EDX and spherical surface topology with a scanning electron microscope indicated that its pure crystalline nature was entirely composed of silver. Thus, the current study indicates the enhanced antibacterial capability of mycologically synthesized AgNPs, which could be used to counter multidrug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palwasha Hayat
- Department of Microbiology, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology, Havelian 22010, Pakistan
| | - Ibrar Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology, Havelian 22010, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Rehman
- Department of Microbiology, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology, Havelian 22010, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Jamil
- Department of Microbiology, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology, Havelian 22010, Pakistan
| | - Azam Hayat
- Department of Microbiology, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology, Havelian 22010, Pakistan
| | - Mujaddad Ur Rehman
- Department of Microbiology, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology, Havelian 22010, Pakistan
| | - Najeeb Ullah
- Department of Microbiology, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology, Havelian 22010, Pakistan
- Food and Biotechnology Research Center, PCSIR Labs Complex Lahore, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Abid Sarwar
- Food and Biotechnology Research Center, PCSIR Labs Complex Lahore, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Amnah A. Alharbi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas S. Dablool
- Department of Public Health, Health Sciences College Al-Leith, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zubaida Daudzai
- Department of Bioresource and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Abdulhakeem S. Alamri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alhomrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Aziz
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence:
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18
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Amina M, Al Musayeib NM, Alterary S, F. El-Tohamy M, A. Alhwaiti S. Advanced polymeric metal/metal oxide bionanocomposite using seaweed Laurencia dendroidea extract for antiprotozoal, anticancer, and photocatalytic applications. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15004. [PMID: 36967991 PMCID: PMC10035428 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Biosynthesized nanoparticles are gaining popularity due to their distinctive biological applications as well as bioactive secondary metabolites from natural products that contribute in green synthesis. Methodology This study reports a facile, ecofriendly, reliable, and cost-effective synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs), and polymeric PVP-silver-copper oxide nanocomposite using ethanol extract of seaweed Laurencia dendroidea and were evaluated for antiprotozoal, anticancer and photocatalytic potential. The nanostructures of the AgNPs, CuONPs, and polymeric PVP-Ag-CuO nanocomposite were confirmed by different spectroscopic and microscopic procedures. Results The UV-vis spectrum displayed distinct absorption peaks at 440, 350, and 470 nm for AgNPs, CuONPs, and polymeric Ag-CuO nanocomposite, respectively. The average particles size of the formed AgNPs, CuONPs, and Ag-CuO nanocomposite was 25, 28, and 30 nm, respectively with zeta potential values -31.7 ± 0.6 mV, -17.6 ± 4.2 mV, and -22.9 ± 4.45 mV. The microscopic investigation of biosynthesized nanomaterials revealed a spherical morphological shape with average crystallite sizes of 17.56 nm (AgNPs), 18.21 nm (CuONPs), and 25.46 nm (PVP-Ag-CuO nanocomposite). The antiprotozoal potential of green synthesized nanomaterials was examined against Leishmania amazonensis and Trypanosoma cruzi parasites. The polymeric PVP-Ag-CuO nanocomposite exerted the highest antiprotozoal effect with IC50 values of 17.32 ± 1.5 and 17.48 ± 4.2 µM, in contrast to AgNPs and CuONPs. The anticancer potential of AgNPs, CuONPs, and polymeric PVP-Ag-CuO nanocomposite against HepG2 cancer cell lines revealed that all the nanomaterials were effective and the highest anticancer potential was displayed by PVP-Ag-CuO nanocomposite with IC50 values 91.34 µg mL-1 at 200 µg mL-1 concentration. Additionally, PVP-Ag-CuO nanocomposite showed strong photocatalytic effect. Conclusion Overall, this study suggested that the biogenic synthesized nanomaterials AgNPs, CuONPs, and polymeric PVP-Ag-CuO nanocomposite using ethanol extract of seaweed L. dendroidea possesses promising antiprotozoal anticancer and photocatalytic effect and could be further exploited for the development of antiprotozoal and anticancer therapeutics agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musarat Amina
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal M. Al Musayeib
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seham Alterary
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha F. El-Tohamy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samira A. Alhwaiti
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Saleem A, Afzal M, Naveed M, Makhdoom SI, Mazhar M, Aziz T, Khan AA, Kamal Z, Shahzad M, Alharbi M, Alshammari A. HPLC, FTIR and GC-MS Analyses of Thymus vulgaris Phytochemicals Executing In Vitro and In Vivo Biological Activities and Effects on COX-1, COX-2 and Gastric Cancer Genes Computationally. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238512. [PMID: 36500601 PMCID: PMC9736827 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have played an essential role in the treatment of various diseases. Thymus vulgaris, a medicinal plant, has been extensively used for biological and pharmaceutical potential. The current study was performed to check the biopotential of active biological compounds. The GC-MS analysis identified 31 compounds in methanolic crude extract, among which thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene, and eugenol are the main phytoconstituents present in T. vulgaris. The HPLC analysis quantified that flavonoids and phenolic acids are present in a good concentration in the active fraction of ethyl acetate and n-butanol. FTIR confirmed the presence of functional groups such as phenols, a carboxylic group, hydroxy group, alcohols, and a benzene ring. Among both fractions, ethyl acetate showed high antioxidant activity in the DPPH (84.1 0.88) and ABTS (87.1 0.89) assays, respectively. The anti-inflammatory activity of the fractions was done in vitro and in vivo by using a carrageenan-induced paw edema assay, while the hexane-based extract showed high anti-inflammatory activity (57.1 0.54) in a dose-response manner. Furthermore, the lead compound responsible for inhibition in the denaturation of proteins is thymol, which exhibits the highest binding affinity with COX1 (-6.4 KJ/mol) and COX2 (-6.3 KJ/mol) inflammatory proteins. The hepatotoxicity analysis showed that plant-based phytoconstituents are safe to use and have no toxicity, with no necrosis, fibrosis, and vacuolar degeneration, even at a high concentration of 800 mg/kg body weight. Furthermore, the in silico analysis of HPLC phytochemical compounds against gastric cancer genes showed that chlorogenic acid exhibited anticancer activity and showed good drug-designing characteristics. Thrombolysis and hemolysis are the major concerns of individuals suffering from gastric cancer. However, the T. vulgaris fractions showed thrombolysis from 17.6 to 5.4%; similarly, hemolysis ranged from 9.73 to 7.1% at a concentration of 12 mg/mL. The phytoconstituents present in T. vulgaris have the potential for multiple pharmacological applications. This should be further investigated to isolate bioactive compounds that can be used for the treatment of different ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Saleem
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
- Correspondence: or (M.N.); (T.A.)
| | - Syeda Izma Makhdoom
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Modasrah Mazhar
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Aziz
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence: or (M.N.); (T.A.)
| | - Ayaz Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan
| | - Zul Kamal
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir Upper 18000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- School of Biological Sciences, Health and Life Sciences Building, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AX, UK
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Balciunaitiene A, Puzeryte V, Radenkovs V, Krasnova I, Memvanga PB, Viskelis P, Streimikyte P, Viskelis J. Sustainable-Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Hyssopus officinalis and Calendula officinalis Extracts and Their Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227700. [PMID: 36431804 PMCID: PMC9696917 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesized using aqueous medical plant extracts as reducing and capping agents show multiple applicability for bacterial problems. The aim of this study was to expand the boundaries on AgNPs using a novel, low-toxicity, and cost-effective alternative and green approach to the biosynthesis of metallic NPs using Calendula officinalis (Calendula) and Hyssopus officinalis (Hyssopus) aqueous extracts. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. The effectiveness of biosynthesized AgNPs in quenching free radicals and inhibiting the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms was supported by in vitro antioxidant activity assay methods and using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test, respectively. The elucidated antimicrobial and antioxidative activities of medical plant extracts were compared with data from the engineered biosynthetic AgNPs. The antimicrobial effect of engineered AgNPs against selected test cultures was found to be substantially stronger than for plant extracts used for their synthesis. The analysis of AgNPs by TEM revealed the presence of spherical-shaped nano-objects. The size distribution of AgNPs was found to be plant-type-dependent. The smaller AgNPs were obtained with Hyssopus extract (with a size range of 16.8 ± 5.8 nm compared to 35.7 ± 4.8 nm from Calendula AgNPs). The AgNPs' presumably inherited biological functions of Hyssopus and Calendula medical plants can provide a platform to combat pathogenic bacteria in the era of multi-drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiste Balciunaitiene
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, 54333 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (P.V.); Tel.: +370-682-13568 (P.V.)
| | - Viktorija Puzeryte
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, 54333 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vitalijs Radenkovs
- Processing and Biochemistry Department, Institute of Horticulture, LV-3701 Dobele, Latvia
- Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Division of Smart Technologies, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Inta Krasnova
- Processing and Biochemistry Department, Institute of Horticulture, LV-3701 Dobele, Latvia
| | - Patrick B. Memvanga
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Phytopharmaceutical Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, B.P. 212, Kinshasa 012, Congo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medecine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, B.P. 212, Kisangani 012, Congo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Public Health, Official University of Bukavu, Bukavu B.P. 570, Congo
- Centre de Recherche et d’Innovation Technologique en Environnement et en Sciences de la Santé (CRITESS), University of Kinshasa, B.P. 212, Kinshasa 012, Congo
| | - Pranas Viskelis
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, 54333 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (P.V.); Tel.: +370-682-13568 (P.V.)
| | - Paulina Streimikyte
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, 54333 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jonas Viskelis
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, 54333 Kaunas, Lithuania
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