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He J, Qin Z, Liu K, Li X, Kou Y, Jin Z, He R, Hong M, Xiong B, Liao L, Sun G, He S, Zhang M, Liang D, Lv X, Wang X, Wang Z. Volatile metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses provide insights into the mechanism of volatile changes during fruit development of 'Ehime 38' ( Citrus reticulata) and its bud mutant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1430204. [PMID: 38984161 PMCID: PMC11231921 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1430204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Volatile compounds are important determinants affecting fruit flavor. Previous study has identified a bud mutant of 'Ehime 38' (Citrus reticulata) with different volatile profile. However, the volatile changes between WT and MT during fruit development and underlying mechanism remain elusive. In this study, a total of 35 volatile compounds were identified in the pulps of WT and MT at five developmental stages. Both varieties accumulated similar and the highest levels of volatiles at stage S1, and showed a downward trend as the fruit develops. However, the total volatile contents in the pulps of MT were 1.4-2.5 folds higher than those in WT at stages S2-S5, which was mainly due to the increase in the content of d-limonene. Transcriptomic and RT-qPCR analysis revealed that most genes in MEP pathway were positively correlated with the volatile contents, of which DXS1 might mainly contribute to the elevated volatiles accumulation in MT by increasing the flux into the MEP pathway. Moreover, temporal expression analysis indicated that these MEP pathway genes functioned at different developmental stages. This study provided comprehensive volatile metabolomics and transcriptomics characterizations of a citrus mutant during fruit development, which is valuable for fruit flavor improvement in citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxian He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zeyu Qin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangyi Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiming Kou
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenghua Jin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruiyuan He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Hong
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Xiong
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Liao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guochao Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siya He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingfei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Liang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiulan Lv
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Hasan SMK, Islam MR, kabir MR, Rahman MM, Islum MR, Esha MM. Exploring the nutraceutical potential: Evaluating the nutritional and bioactive functions of five pomelo fruit varieties in Bangladesh. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31786. [PMID: 38845880 PMCID: PMC11153172 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Pomelo (Citrus maxima), the largest citrus fruit, provides a variety of nutrients that have several health benefits, including antioxidant and antidiabetic functions. Antioxidants help combat oxidative stress by neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reducing cellular damage. On the other hand, antidiabetic properties involve mechanisms such as enhancing insulin secretion, improving insulin sensitivity, inhibiting carbohydrate digestion and absorption, and regulating glucose metabolism. However, there is a lack of data on the comparative analysis of the physicochemical composition, bioactive properties, and antidiabetic effects of pomelo fruits grown in Bangladesh. To address this issue, the most common and popular high-yielding five cultivars of pomelo fruits grown in Bangladesh including LOCAL, BARI-2 (BARI: Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Batabi Lebu-2), BARI-3, BARI-4, and BARI-6 were evaluated concerning proximate, minerals, and physicochemical properties with their antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. Research has revealed that all pomelo varieties contained a significant amount of proximate compositions and major minerals (Ca, Mg, K, Na, and Fe). The highest juice yield (75.37 ± 0.33 %), vitamin C content (79.56 ± 2.26 mg/100 mL of fresh juice), and carotenoid content (919.33 ± 0.62 μM β-Carotene Equivalent/g DM) were found in BARI-3 pomelo fruit and adhered to the sequence (p < 0.05): BARI-3 > LOCAL > BARI-4 > BARI-6 > BARI-2; BARI-3 > LOCAL > BARI-2 > BARI-4 > BARI-6, and BARI-3 > BARI-2 > BARI-6 > LOCAL > BARI-4, respectively. The anthocyanin content and inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase were found to be at their peak in the BARI-2 pomelo variety and the values were 50.65 ± 2.27 μg cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalents/100 g DM and 85.57 ± 0.00 μM acarbose equivalents/g DM, respectively. BARI-3 pomelo variety showed highest DPPH antioxidant capacity (170.47 ± 0.01 μM Trolox equivalents/g DM), while the BARI-6 pomelo variety exhibited the highest total phenolic content (6712.30 ± 1.84 μg gallic acid equivalents/g DM), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power activity (183.16 ± 0.01 μM Fe(II) equivalents/g DM). Therefore, this study explores the nutritional value and bioactivity of five popular pomelo varieties in Bangladesh, offering valuable insights for utilizing high-value citrus resources and understanding their health-promoting functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Kamrul Hasan
- Corresponding author. Department of Food Processing and Preservation, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, 5200, Bangladesh.
| | | | - Md. Raihan kabir
- Department of Food Processing and Preservation, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur, 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mahfuzar Rahman
- Department of Food Processing and Preservation, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur, 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rafikul Islum
- Department of Food Processing and Preservation, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur, 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Maisha Mahrukh Esha
- Department of Food Processing and Preservation, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur, 5200, Bangladesh
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Hu J, Wang J, Muhammad T, Yang T, Li N, Yang H, Yu Q, Wang B. Integrative Analysis of Metabolome and Transcriptome of Carotenoid Biosynthesis Reveals the Mechanism of Fruit Color Change in Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6493. [PMID: 38928199 PMCID: PMC11204166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tomato fruit ripening is accompanied by carotenoid accumulation and color changes. To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms underlying carotenoid synthesis during fruit ripening, a combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis was conducted on red-fruited tomato (WP190) and orange-fruited tomato (ZH108). A total of twenty-nine (29) different carotenoid compounds were identified in tomato fruits at six different stages. The abundance of the majority of the carotenoids was enhanced significantly with fruit ripening, with higher levels of lycopene; (E/Z)-lycopene; and α-, β- and γ-carotenoids detected in the fruits of WP190 at 50 and 60 days post anthesis (DPA). Transcriptome analysis revealed that the fruits of two varieties exhibited the highest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 50 DPA, and a module of co-expressed genes related to the fruit carotenoid content was established by WGCNA. qRT-PCR analysis validated the transcriptome result with a significantly elevated transcript level of lycopene biosynthesis genes (including SlPSY2, SlZCIS, SlPDS, SlZDS and SlCRTSO2) observed in WP190 at 50 DPA in comparison to ZH108. In addition, during the ripening process, the expression of ethylene biosynthesis (SlACSs and SlACOs) and signaling (SlEIN3 and SlERF1) genes was also increased, and these mechanisms may regulate carotenoid accumulation and fruit ripening in tomato. Differential expression of several key genes in the fruit of two tomato varieties at different stages regulates the accumulation of carotenoids and leads to differences in color between the two varieties of tomato. The results of this study provide a comprehensive understanding of carotenoid accumulation and ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction pathway regulatory mechanisms during tomato fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Hu
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
- Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China; (J.W.)
| | - Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China; (J.W.)
| | - Tayeb Muhammad
- Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China; (J.W.)
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China; (J.W.)
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China; (J.W.)
| | - Haitao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China; (J.W.)
| | - Qinghui Yu
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
- Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China; (J.W.)
| | - Baike Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China; (J.W.)
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Zhang ZY, Xia HX, Yuan MJ, Gao F, Bao WH, Jin L, Li M, Li Y. Multi-omics analyses provide insights into the evolutionary history and the synthesis of medicinal components of the Chinese wingnut. PLANT DIVERSITY 2024; 46:309-320. [PMID: 38798724 PMCID: PMC11119516 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Chinese wingnut (Pterocarya stenoptera) is a medicinally and economically important tree species within the family Juglandaceae. However, the lack of high-quality reference genome has hindered its in-depth research. In this study, we successfully assembled its chromosome-level genome and performed multi-omics analyses to address its evolutionary history and synthesis of medicinal components. A thorough examination of genomes has uncovered a significant expansion in the Lateral Organ Boundaries Domain gene family among the winged group in Juglandaceae. This notable increase may be attributed to their frequent exposure to flood-prone environments. After further differentiation between Chinese wingnut and Cyclocarya paliurus, significant positive selection occurred on the genes of NADH dehydrogenase related to mitochondrial aerobic respiration in Chinese wingnut, enhancing its ability to cope with waterlogging stress. Comparative genomic analysis revealed Chinese wingnut evolved more unique genes related to arginine synthesis, potentially endowing it with a higher capacity to purify nutrient-rich water bodies. Expansion of terpene synthase families enables the production of increased quantities of terpenoid volatiles, potentially serving as an evolved defense mechanism against herbivorous insects. Through combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis, we identified the candidate genes involved in the synthesis of terpenoid volatiles. Our study offers essential genetic resources for Chinese wingnut, unveiling its evolutionary history and identifying key genes linked to the production of terpenoid volatiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010020, China
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Mongolian Plateau for College and University of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010022, China
| | - He-Xiao Xia
- College of Landscape and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Meng-Jie Yuan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010020, China
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Mongolian Plateau for College and University of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010022, China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010020, China
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Mongolian Plateau for College and University of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010022, China
| | - Wen-Hua Bao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010020, China
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Mongolian Plateau for College and University of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010022, China
| | - Lan Jin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010020, China
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Mongolian Plateau for College and University of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010022, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010020, China
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Mongolian Plateau for College and University of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010022, China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010020, China
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Mongolian Plateau for College and University of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010022, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
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Wei L, Hu Q, He L, Li G, Zhang J, Chen Y. Diversity in storage age enables discrepancy in quality attributes and metabolic profile of Citrus grandis "Tomentosa" in China. J Food Sci 2024; 89:1454-1472. [PMID: 38258880 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The folk proverb "the older, the better" is usually used to describe the quality of Citrus grandis "Tomentosa" (CGT) in China. In this study, CGT aged for 6-, 12-, 16-, and 19-years were collected for the investigation of infusion color, main bioactive components, antioxidant activity, metabolic composition, and pathway. The results found that infusion color, the total phenolic and flavonoid, and antioxidant activity of CGT were obviously changed by aging process. Through untargeted metabolomics, 55 critical metabolites were identified to in discrimination of CGT with different storage ages, mainly including phenylpropanoids, lipids, and organic oxygen compounds. Twenty compounds that showed good linear relationships with storage ages could be used for year prediction of CGT. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment pathway analysis uncovered important metabolic pathways related to the accumulation of naringin, kaempferol, and choline as well as the degradation of benzenoids, thus supporting that aged CGT might be more beneficial to health. Correlation analysis provided that some key metabolites with bitter taste and biological activity were involved in the darkening and reddening of CGT infusion during aging, and total phenolic and flavonoid were more strongly associated with the antioxidant activity of CGT. This study systematically revealed the quality changes and key metabolic pathways during CGT aging at first time. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study reveals the differences in quality attributes and metabolic profile between CGT with different storage ages, providing guidance for consumers' consumption, and also providing more scientific basis for the quality evaluation and improvement of CGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Wei
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Hu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei He
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoping Li
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiukai Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Qiao F, Lu Y, Geng G, Zhou L, Chen Z, Wang L, Xie H, Qiu QS. Flavonoid synthesis in Lamiophlomis rotata from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is influenced by soil properties, microbial community, and gene expression. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 287:154043. [PMID: 37392527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Lamiophlomis rotata is a medicinal plant in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, in which flavonoid compounds are the major medicinal components. However, it remains unclear how flavonoid metabolism of L. rotata is influenced by soil properties and microbial community. In this study, we collected L. rotata seedlings and rhizosphere soils from five habitats ranging from 3750 to 4270 m of altitude and analyzed the effects of habitat conditions on flavonoid metabolism. The activities of peroxidase, cellulase, and urease were increased with altitude, while those of alkaline phosphatase, alkaline protease, and sucrase were decreased with altitude. Analysis of OTUs showed that the total number of bacterial genera was higher than that of fungal genera. The highest number of fungal genera was 132, and that of bacterial genera was 33 in Batang (BT) town in Yushu County at an altitude of 3880 m, suggesting that the fungal communities may play a critical role in L. rotata rhizosphere soils. Flavonoids in leaves and roots of L. rotata shared a similar pattern, with a trend of increasing levels with altitude. The highest flavonoid content measured, 12.94 mg/g in leaves and 11.43 mg/g in roots, was from Zaduo (ZD) County at an altitude of 4208 m. Soil peroxidases affected quercetin content in leaves of L. rotata, while the fungus Sebacina affected flavonoid content in leaves and roots of L. rotata. The expression of PAL, F3'H, FLS, and FNS genes showed a declining trend in leaves with altitude, while F3H showed an increasing trend in both leaves and roots. Overall, soil physicochemical properties and microbial community affect flavonoid metabolism in L. rotata in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The variations in flavonoid content and gene expression as well as their associations with soil factors revealed the complexity of the growth conditions and genetic makeup in L. rotata habitats of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qiao
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China; Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China; Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China; Qinghai Ecosystem Observation and Research Station in the Southern Qilian Mountains, Haidong, 810500, China
| | - Yueheng Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Guigong Geng
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China; Qinghai Ecosystem Observation and Research Station in the Southern Qilian Mountains, Haidong, 810500, China
| | - Lianyu Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China; Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China; Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China; Qinghai Ecosystem Observation and Research Station in the Southern Qilian Mountains, Haidong, 810500, China
| | - Zhenning Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China; Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China; Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Luhao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Huichun Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China; Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China; Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China; Qinghai Ecosystem Observation and Research Station in the Southern Qilian Mountains, Haidong, 810500, China.
| | - Quan-Sheng Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China; Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
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