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Benesch MG, Tang X, Brindley DN, Takabe K. Autotaxin and Lysophosphatidate Signaling: Prime Targets for Mitigating Therapy Resistance in Breast Cancer. World J Oncol 2024; 15:1-13. [PMID: 38274724 PMCID: PMC10807915 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Overcoming and preventing cancer therapy resistance is the most pressing challenge in modern breast cancer management. Consequently, most modern breast cancer research is aimed at understanding and blocking these therapy resistance mechanisms. One increasingly promising therapeutic target is the autotaxin (ATX)-lysophosphatidate (LPA)-lipid phosphate phosphatase (LPP) axis. Extracellular LPA, produced from albumin-bound lysophosphatidylcholine by ATX and degraded by the ecto-activity of the LPPs, is a potent cell-signaling mediator of tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis, immune evasion, and resistance to cancer treatment modalities. LPA signaling in the post-natal organism has central roles in physiological wound healing, but these mechanisms are subverted to fuel pathogenesis in diseases that arise from chronic inflammatory processes, including cancer. Over the last 10 years, our understanding of the role of LPA signaling in the breast tumor microenvironment has begun to mature. Tumor-promoting inflammation in breast cancer leads to increased ATX production within the tumor microenvironment. This results in increased local concentrations of LPA that are maintained in part by decreased overall cancer cell LPP expression that would otherwise more rapidly break it down. LPA signaling through six G-protein-coupled LPA receptors expressed by cancer cells can then activate virtually every known tumorigenic pathway. Consequently, to target therapy resistance and tumor growth mediated by LPA signaling, multiple inhibitors against the LPA signaling axis are entering clinical trials. In this review, we summarize recent developments in LPA breast cancer biology, and illustrate how these novel therapeutics against the LPA signaling pathway may be excellent adjuncts to extend the efficacy of evolving breast cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G.K. Benesch
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Tang
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - David N. Brindley
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8520, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Yang L, Shu P, Wu N, Hu M, Luo Z. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and tolerability of FTP-198, a novel, selective Autotaxin inhibitor, in healthy subjects: A phase I randomized placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 189:106552. [PMID: 37532064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autotaxin (ATX) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) play an important role in pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). FTP-198 is an oral, novel and selective ATX inhibitor indicated for treating IPF. The study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and tolerability of FTP-198 in healthy subjects. METHODS A single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single ascending-dose Phase I study was performed. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, food effect on pharmacokinetics, elimination, safety and tolerability of FTP-198 were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 30 subjects were enrolled and completed the study. After oral administration of single ascending-dose of 100 mg, 300 mg and 400 mg FTP-198 under fasted condition, FTP-198 was absorbed with median time to reach peak concentration (Tmax) of 1.75, 2.75 and 3.5 h, respectively and eliminated with mean elimination half-life (t1/2) of 8.77, 10.58 and 10.57 h, respectively. Peak concentration (Cmax), plasma area under concentration-time curve from time 0 to the last measurable concentration (AUC0-t) and to infinity (AUC0-∞) increased in dose-proportional manner for 100 mg to 400 mg FTP-198. Food intake slightly increased the Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ and prolonged Tmax, but not affecting t1/2 of FTP-198 compared with fasted state. The pharmacodynamic biomarker plasma lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) 18:2 decreased significantly for 100 mg to 400 mg FTP-198, with inhibition rate from baseline reaching approximately 80% at 24 h post dosing, and higher dose of FTP-198 increased the time to maintain inhibitory plateau. FTP-198 was eliminated from the body almost with no unchanged drug excreted in urine and a small amount of unchanged drug detected in feces of human. Moreover, FTP-198 exhibited favorable safety and tolerability in healthy subjects. CONCLUSION Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and tolerability of FTP-198 support further subsequent clinical development of FTP -198 in IPF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610044, China; Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610044, China
| | - Pei Shu
- Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610044, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Co., LtPd., Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyue Hu
- Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Co., LtPd., Chengdu, China
| | - Zhu Luo
- Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610044, China.
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Centonze M, Di Conza G, Lahn M, Fabregat I, Dituri F, Gigante I, Serino G, Scialpi R, Carrieri L, Negro R, Pizzuto E, Giannelli G. Autotaxin inhibitor IOA-289 reduces gastrointestinal cancer progression in preclinical models. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:197. [PMID: 37550785 PMCID: PMC10408149 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted enzyme that converts lysophosphatidylcholine to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). LPA stimulates cell proliferation and migration and promotes wound repair following tissue damage. ATX levels are directly correlated with stage and grade in several human cancers. Several small molecule ATX inhibitors have been developed in recent years. IOA-289 is a potent ATX inhibitor, developed to treat cancers containing fibrosis. In this study, we tested IOA-289 treatment on different gastrointestinal tract tumor cell lines, in order to evaluate its effects on viability and motility. METHODS To determine the effects on cell viability and proliferation of treatment with increasing concentrations of IOA-289, we used the crystal violet assay, a clonogenic assay in matrigel, and we evaluated the inhibitor's effect on formation of 3D spheroids in an in vitro model. The effect of IOA-289 on cell cycle phases was analysed with a redox dye reagent. Cell migration capacity was evaluated by wound healing assay and transwell migration assay. To evaluate the pro-apoptotic effect of the inhibitor, cells were stained with Annexin V and immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analysis were performed. An antibody array was also used, to discriminate, in various samples, the differential expression of 43 proteins involved in the apoptosis pathway. RESULTS We found that IOA-289 is able to inhibit both growth and migration of gastrointestinal tract tumor cell lines, both in 2D (crystal violet assay) and 3D in vitro models (spheroid formation and clonogenic assay in matrigel). This effect is dose-dependent, and the drug is most effective when administered in FBS-free culture medium. The inhibitory effect on cell growth is due to a pro-apoptotic effect of IOA-289. Staining with FITC-conjugated Annexin V showed that IOA-289 induced a dose-dependent increase in fluorescence following incubation for 24 h, and apoptotic cells were also distinguished in flow cytometry using Annexin/PI staining. The antibody array shows that treatment with IOA-289 causes the increased expression of several pro-apoptotic proteins in all tested cell lines. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that IOA-289 may be an effective drug for the treatment of tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly those characterized by a high degree of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Centonze
- National Institute of Gastroenterology - IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Via Turi 27, 70013, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Giusy Di Conza
- iOnctura SA, Avenue Secheron 15, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michael Lahn
- iOnctura SA, Avenue Secheron 15, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Fabregat
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) and CIBEREHD - ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesco Dituri
- National Institute of Gastroenterology - IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Via Turi 27, 70013, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Isabella Gigante
- National Institute of Gastroenterology - IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Via Turi 27, 70013, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Grazia Serino
- National Institute of Gastroenterology - IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Via Turi 27, 70013, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Rosanna Scialpi
- National Institute of Gastroenterology - IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Via Turi 27, 70013, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Livianna Carrieri
- National Institute of Gastroenterology - IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Via Turi 27, 70013, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Roberto Negro
- National Institute of Gastroenterology - IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Via Turi 27, 70013, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Elena Pizzuto
- National Institute of Gastroenterology - IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Via Turi 27, 70013, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology - IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Via Turi 27, 70013, Castellana Grotte, Italy.
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Benesch MGK, Wu R, Tang X, Brindley DN, Ishikawa T, Takabe K. Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor Signaling in the Human Breast Cancer Tumor Microenvironment Elicits Receptor-Dependent Effects on Tumor Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9812. [PMID: 37372960 PMCID: PMC10298074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid receptors (LPARs) are six G-protein-coupled receptors that mediate LPA signaling to promote tumorigenesis and therapy resistance in many cancer subtypes, including breast cancer. Individual-receptor-targeted monotherapies are under investigation, but receptor agonism or antagonism effects within the tumor microenvironment following treatment are minimally understood. In this study, we used three large, independent breast cancer patient cohorts (TCGA, METABRIC, and GSE96058) and single-cell RNA-sequencing data to show that increased tumor LPAR1, LPAR4, and LPAR6 expression correlated with a less aggressive phenotype, while high LPAR2 expression was particularly associated with increased tumor grade and mutational burden and decreased survival. Through gene set enrichment analysis, it was determined that cell cycling pathways were enriched in tumors with low LPAR1, LPAR4, and LPAR6 expression and high LPAR2 expression. LPAR levels were lower in tumors over normal breast tissue for LPAR1, LPAR3, LPAR4, and LPAR6, while the opposite was observed for LPAR2 and LPAR5. LPAR1 and LPAR4 were highest in cancer-associated fibroblasts, while LPAR6 was highest in endothelial cells, and LPAR2 was highest in cancer epithelial cells. Tumors high in LPAR5 and LPAR6 had the highest cytolytic activity scores, indicating decreased immune system evasion. Overall, our findings suggest that potential compensatory signaling via competing receptors must be considered in LPAR inhibitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. K. Benesch
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
| | - Rongrong Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (R.W.); (T.I.)
| | - Xiaoyun Tang
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (X.T.); (D.N.B.)
| | - David N. Brindley
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (X.T.); (D.N.B.)
| | - Takashi Ishikawa
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (R.W.); (T.I.)
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (R.W.); (T.I.)
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8520, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Benesch MGK, Wu R, Tang X, Brindley DN, Ishikawa T, Takabe K. Decreased Lipid Phosphate Phosphatase 1/3 and Increased Lipid Phosphate Phosphatase 2 Expression in the Human Breast Cancer Tumor Microenvironment Promotes Tumor Progression and Immune System Evasion. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2299. [PMID: 37190226 PMCID: PMC10136837 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The LPP family is comprised of three enzymes that dephosphorylate bioactive lipid phosphates both intracellularly and extracellularly. Pre-clinical breast cancer models have demonstrated that decreased LPP1/3 with increased LPP2 expression correlates to tumorigenesis. This though has not been well verified in human specimens. In this study, we correlate LPP expression data to clinical outcomes in over 5000 breast cancers from three independent cohorts (TCGA, METABRIC, and GSE96058), investigate biological function using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and the xCell cell-type enrichment analysis, and confirm sources of LPP production in the tumor microenvironment (TME) using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq) data. Decreased LPP1/3 and increased LPP2 expression correlated to increased tumor grade, proliferation, and tumor mutational burden (all p < 0.001), as well as worse overall survival (hazard ratios 1.3-1.5). Further, cytolytic activity was decreased, consistent with immune system invasion. GSEA data demonstrated multiple increased inflammatory signaling, survival, stemness, and cell signaling pathways with this phenotype across all three cohorts. scRNAseq and the xCell algorithm demonstrated that most tumor LPP1/3 was expressed by endothelial cells and tumor-associated fibroblasts and LPP2 by cancer cells (all p < 0.01). Restoring the balance in LPP expression levels, particularly through LPP2 inhibition, could represent novel adjuvant therapeutic options in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. K. Benesch
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
| | - Rongrong Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (R.W.); (T.I.)
| | - Xiaoyun Tang
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (X.T.); (D.N.B.)
| | - David N. Brindley
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (X.T.); (D.N.B.)
| | - Takashi Ishikawa
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (R.W.); (T.I.)
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (R.W.); (T.I.)
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8520, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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