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Ben Selma W, Alibi S, Ferjeni M, Ghezal S, Gallala N, Belghouthi A, Gargouri A, Marzouk M, Boukadida J. Synergistic activity of Thymus capitatus essential oil and cefotaxime against ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:2936-2946. [PMID: 37952172 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2280149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to evaluate the interaction between Tunisian Thymus capitatus essential oil (EO) and cefotaxime against Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae hospital strains. GC-MS revealed that the major component of EO was found to be carvacrol (69.28%). The EO exerts an advanced bactericidal effect against all strains. Synergy between EO and cefotaxime was obtained by combined disk diffusion and checkerboard techniques. Combined use of EO and cefotaxime reduced the MIC of imipenem by 8- to 128-fold for all strains (fractional inhibitory concentration index ˂ 0.5, synergy). The time kill curve assay confirmed the advanced activity of combinatory effects of EO and cefotaxime, with total reduce of bacterial number (CFU/mL) after 6 h of culture. Synergistic activity of the combination between EO and cefotaxime constitute an important strategy as therapeutical option to combat infections caused by ESBLs producing Klebsiella pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Ben Selma
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of biological and genetic markers studying for early diagnosis and follow-up of neurological diseases (LR18ES47), Sousse, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Mahdia, Tunisia
| | - Sana Alibi
- Research Unit Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment UR17ES32, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Mahdia, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ferjeni
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of biological and genetic markers studying for early diagnosis and follow-up of neurological diseases (LR18ES47), Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Samira Ghezal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Najla Gallala
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Amir Belghouthi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Ali Gargouri
- Biotechnology center of Sfax, Laboratory of Molecular biology, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Manel Marzouk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of biological and genetic markers studying for early diagnosis and follow-up of neurological diseases (LR18ES47), Sousse, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Jalel Boukadida
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of biological and genetic markers studying for early diagnosis and follow-up of neurological diseases (LR18ES47), Sousse, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
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Alex AM, Subburaman S, Chauhan S, Ahuja V, Abdi G, Tarighat MA. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticle prepared with Ocimum species and assessment of anticancer potential. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11707. [PMID: 38777818 PMCID: PMC11111742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61946-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have gained much attention due to their unique physical, and chemical properties. Integration of phytochemicals in nanoformulation might have higher applicability in healthcare. Current work demonstrates the synthesis of green AgNPs with O. gratissimum (gr-AgNPs) O. tenuiflorum (te-AgNPs) and O. americanum (am-AgNPs) followed by an evaluation of their antimicrobial and anticancer properties. SEM analysis revealed spherical-shaped particles with average particle sizes of 69.0 ± 5 nm for te-AgNPs, 46.9 ± 9 nm for gr-AgNPs, and 58.5 ± 18.7 nm for am-AgNPs with a polydispersity index below 0.4. The synthesized am-AgNPs effectively inhibited Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans with 23 ± 1.58 mm, 20 ± 1.68 mm, 22 ± 1.80 mm, 26 ± 1.85 mm, and 22 ± 1.40 nm of zone of inhibition respectively. Synthesized AgNPs also induced apoptotic cell death in MCF-7 in concentration-dependent manner. IC50 values for am-AgNPs, te-AgNPs, and gr-AgNPs were 14.78 ± 0.89 µg, 18.04 ± 0.63 and 15.41 ± 0.37 µg respectively which suggested that am-AgNPs were the most effective against cancer. At higher dose size (20 µg) AgNPs were equally effective to commercial standard Doxorubicin (DOX). In comparison to te-AgNPs and gr-AgNPs, am-AgNPs have higher in vitro anticancer and antimicrobial effects. The work reported Ocimum americanum for its anticancer properties with chemical profile (GCMS) and compared it with earlier reported species. The activity against microbial pathogens and selected cancer cells clearly depicted that these species have distinct variations in activity. The results have also emphasized on higher potential of biogenic silver nanoparticles in healthcare but before formulation of commercial products, detailed analysis is required with human and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Monica Alex
- Department of Biotechnology, St Joseph's College, (Autonomous) affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Shikha Chauhan
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University Mohali (Punjab), Gharuan, India
| | - Vishal Ahuja
- University Institute of Biotechnology and University Centre for Research and Development Chandigarh University Mohali (Punjab), Gharuan, India.
| | - Gholamreza Abdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran.
| | - Maryam Abbasi Tarighat
- Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran.
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Gnanamurthy P, Narasimhan MK, Sabarathinam S. GC-MS analysis of an ethanolic extract of Ocimum species: a network pharmacology analysis insight towards obesity. Future Sci OA 2024; 10:FSO940. [PMID: 38827792 PMCID: PMC11140659 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: In this study, we have selected two different Ocimum tenuiflorum plants, Ocimum tenuiflorum (Rama tulsi) (OTRT) and Ocimum tenuiflorum (Krishna tulsi) (OTKT). Materials & methods: In the present investigation, ethanol was used as a solvent to estimate the bioactive compounds present in it through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: Based on the GC-MS data benzenepropanoic acid, 3-methoxy-alpha,4-bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy was found to be the potent compound in OTRT (MW: 428.74 g/mol) and methyl 3-(4-benzyloxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanoate in OTKT (MW: 342.39 g/mol). To estimate its pharmacological application, an integrated Network Pharmacology approach is performed toward the disease target obesity. Conclusion: From the protein-protein interaction from the string database, SRC, BCL2, EGFR, MTOR, CDK1, ERBB2, MAPK1, FYN, AR and MAPK14 are the top-ranked targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadharshini Gnanamurthy
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering & Technology, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Manoj K Narasimhan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering & Technology, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Sarvesh Sabarathinam
- Drug Testing Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), SRM Institute of Science & Technology, SRM IST, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
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Zhang S, Meng F, Pan X, Qiu X, Li C, Lu S. Chromosome-level genome assembly of Prunella vulgaris L. provides insights into pentacyclic triterpenoid biosynthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:731-752. [PMID: 38226777 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Prunella vulgaris is one of the bestselling and widely used medicinal herbs. It is recorded as an ace medicine for cleansing and protecting the liver in Chinese Pharmacopoeia and has been used as the main constitutions of many herbal tea formulas in China for centuries. It is also a traditional folk medicine in Europe and other countries of Asia. Pentacyclic triterpenoids are a major class of bioactive compounds produced in P. vulgaris. However, their biosynthetic mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, we report a chromosome-level reference genome of P. vulgaris using an approach combining Illumina, ONT, and Hi-C technologies. It is 671.95 Mb in size with a scaffold N50 of 49.10 Mb and a complete BUSCO of 98.45%. About 98.31% of the sequence was anchored into 14 pseudochromosomes. Comparative genome analysis revealed a recent WGD in P. vulgaris. Genome-wide analysis identified 35 932 protein-coding genes (PCGs), of which 59 encode enzymes involved in 2,3-oxidosqualene biosynthesis. In addition, 10 PvOSC, 358 PvCYP, and 177 PvUGT genes were identified, of which five PvOSCs, 25 PvCYPs, and 9 PvUGTs were predicted to be involved in the biosynthesis of pentacyclic triterpenoids. Biochemical activity assay of PvOSC2, PvOSC4, and PvOSC6 recombinant proteins showed that they were mixed amyrin synthase (MAS), lupeol synthase (LUS), and β-amyrin synthase (BAS), respectively. The results provide a solid foundation for further elucidating the biosynthetic mechanism of pentacyclic triterpenoids in P. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixuan Zhang
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fanqi Meng
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xian Pan
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Qiu
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Caili Li
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shanfa Lu
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
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Ajiboye BO, Fatoki TH, Akinnusi PA, Ajuwon OR, Oyinloye BE, Jeje TO, Owolabi OV, Ogedengbe OO, Genovese C. Molecular docking, MMGBSA, and ADMET studies of phytoconstituents of Ocimum gratissimum on multiple breast cancer targets. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38648537 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2344193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
O. gratissimum is one of the most common medicinal plants in every community in Nigeria. This plant has been presumed to be useful in the management of diseases including breast cancer, which is one the commonest cancers affecting women globally. Hence, this study aimed to computationally investigate the phytochemicals present in O. gratissimum by elucidate their binding dynamics against five selected molecular targets of breast cancer and predict their pharmacokinetics properties. Molecular docking, MMGBSA calculation and ADMET prediction were used. The results showed that isovitexin has the highest binding affinity of -9.11 kcal/mol and -9.80 kcal/mol for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) respectively. Rosmarinic acid has the highest binding affinity of -12.15 kcal/mol for Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Nepetoidin A has the highest binding affinity of -9.14 kcal/mol for oestrogen receptor (ER), and Vitexin has the highest binding affinity of -12.90 kcal/mol for Progesterone receptor (PR). MMGBSA provided total binding energy that confirmed the stability of the complexes under physiological conditions. The ADMET profiles showed that O. gratissimum top phytochemicals identified would be safe for oral administration with no hepatoxicity. Overall, this study identified isovitexin, vitexin, rosmarinic acid, nepetoidin A and luteolin among others, as compounds that exhibit strong anti-cancer properties against breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Toluwase Hezekiah Fatoki
- Bioinformatics and Enzymology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Precious Ayorinde Akinnusi
- Bioinformatics and Enzymology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Olawale Rasaq Ajuwon
- Redox Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
- Biotechnology and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Temitope Olawale Jeje
- Biochemical Immunology and Phytomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Olutunmise Victoria Owolabi
- Medical Biochemistry Unit, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatosin O Ogedengbe
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Claudia Genovese
- Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, Catania, Italy
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Ragavendran K, Selvakumaran J, Muthukanagavel M, Alharbi NS, Thiruvengadam M, Mutheeswaran S, Ignacimuthu S, Ganesan P. Chemical composition and mosquitocidal properties of essential oil from Indian indigenous plants Ocimum tenuiflorum L. and Ocimum americanum L. against three vector mosquitoes. Exp Parasitol 2024; 258:108709. [PMID: 38301765 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Mosquitoes stand out as the most perilous and impactful vectors on a global scale, transmitting a multitude of infectious diseases to both humans and other animals. The primary objective of the current research was to assess the effectiveness of EOs from Ocimum tenuiflorum L. and Ocimum americanum L. in controlling Anopheles stephensi Liston. Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Aedes aegypti L. mosquitoes. The larvae, pupae and eggs of the mosquitoes were exposed to four different concentrations (6.25-50 ppm). The tested EOs resulted in >99-100 % mortality at 120 h for the eggs of all examined mosquito species. It also showed robust larvicidal and pupicidal activity with LC50 and LC90 values of 17-39, 23-60 ppm and 46-220, and 73-412 ppm against Aedes, Culex and Anopheles mosquito species, respectively, at 24 h of treatment. The Suitability Index or Predator Safety Factor demonstrated that the EOs extracted from O. tenuiflorum L. and O. americanum L. did not cause harm to P. reticulata, D. indicus (water bug), G. affinis and nymph (dragonfly). GC-MS analysis identified the major probable constituents of the oil, including Phenol, 2-Methoxy-4-(1-Propenyl)- (28.29 %); 1-Methyl-3-(1'-Methylcyclopropyl) Cyclopentene (46.46 %); (E,E,E)-3,7,11,15-Tetramethylhexadeca-1,3,6,10,14-Pentaene (18.91 %) and 1,3-Isobenzofurandione, 3a,4,7,7a-Tetrahydro-4,7-Dimethyl (33.02 %). These constituents may play a significant role in the mosquitocidal activity of the oil. The same results were identified in the formulation prepared from the EOs. This marks the first report confirming the successful utilization of EOs derived from O. tenuiflorum L. and O. americanum L. in mosquito population control initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamaraj Ragavendran
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biology, Xavier Research Foundation, St Xavier's College (Manonmaniam Sundaranar University), Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeyaraj Selvakumaran
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biology, Xavier Research Foundation, St Xavier's College (Manonmaniam Sundaranar University), Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mariappan Muthukanagavel
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biology, Xavier Research Foundation, St Xavier's College (Manonmaniam Sundaranar University), Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Naiyf S Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Subramanian Mutheeswaran
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biology, Xavier Research Foundation, St Xavier's College (Manonmaniam Sundaranar University), Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biology, Xavier Research Foundation, St Xavier's College (Manonmaniam Sundaranar University), Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India; The Anna and Donald Waite Chair, Creighton University, Omaha, USA
| | - Pathalam Ganesan
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biology, Xavier Research Foundation, St Xavier's College (Manonmaniam Sundaranar University), Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Varghese RM, S AK, Shanmugam R. Antimicrobial Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Ocimum Tenuiflorum and Ocimum Gratissimum Herbal Formulation Against Oral Pathogens. Cureus 2024; 16:e53562. [PMID: 38445144 PMCID: PMC10913943 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study deals with the antimicrobial efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) synthesized through green methods employing extracts from Ocimum tenuiflorum and Ocimum gratissimum and assessed for their antimicrobial properties against a range of oral pathogens. Methods Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were synthesized using extracts from Ocimum tenuiflorum and Ocimum gratissimum through a green synthesis approach. Antimicrobial activity was determined using the agar-well diffusion assay to evaluate the consistency of inhibition zones against oral pathogens. Variations in sensitivity were assessed through the time-kill curve assay, quantifying the response of oral pathogens to zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) exposure over time. Results The agar-well diffusion assay revealed uniform 9-mm zones of inhibition against all oral pathogens, signifying consistent antimicrobial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs). In the time-kill curve assay, Candida albicans exhibited the highest sensitivity, followed by Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus. Enterococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus species displayed lower sensitivity, suggesting potential selectivity. Discussion The observed variation in sensitivity implies the potential selectivity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) against specific oral pathogens, which may have significant implications for oral health applications. These findings underscore the versatility of green-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) as promising antimicrobial agents, particularly for oral health applications. Conclusion This study provides promising results for the antimicrobial potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) synthesized using Ocimum tenuiflorum and Ocimum gratissimum. The consistent antimicrobial activity and variations in sensitivity among oral pathogens highlight their promising utility in oral health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remmiya Mary Varghese
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Aravind Kumar S
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Rajeshkumar Shanmugam
- Nanobiomedicine Lab, Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IND
- Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Kumari S, Singh PA, Hazra S, Sindhwani R, Singh S. Ocimum sanctum: The Journey from Sacred Herb to Functional Food. RECENT ADVANCES IN FOOD, NUTRITION & AGRICULTURE 2024; 15:83-102. [PMID: 38351693 DOI: 10.2174/012772574x290140240130101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the growing demand for herbal-based formulations, including functional foods, has acquired significant attention. This study highlights historical, botanical, ecological, and phytochemical descriptions and different extraction mechanisms of Ocimum sanctum utilized in its processing. Besides this, it explores the utilization of Ocimum sanctum as a functional food ingredient in various food products such as bakery products (biscuits, bread), dairy products (herbal milk, cheese), and beverages (tea, juice, wine) while focusing on their evaluation parameters, preparation techniques, and pharmacological activities. In terms of other pharmacological properties, Ocimum sanctum-infused functional foods exhibited cognitiveenhancing properties, adaptogenic qualities, anti-obesity effects, gastroprotective, antiinflammatory, hypoglycemic, and immuno-modulatory effects. Thus, the diverse properties of Ocimum sanctum offer exciting opportunities for the development of functional foods that can promote specific health issues, so future research should focus on developing and analyzing novel Ocimum sanctum-based functional foods to meet the growing demand of the functional food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Kumari
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences (UIPS), Chandigarh University, Mohali-140413, Punjab, India
| | - Preet Amol Singh
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences (UIPS), Chandigarh University, Mohali-140413, Punjab, India
| | - Subhajit Hazra
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences (UIPS), Chandigarh University, Mohali-140413, Punjab, India
| | - Ritika Sindhwani
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences (UIPS), Chandigarh University, Mohali-140413, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhvinder Singh
- University Centre for Research & Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Mohali-140413, Punjab, India
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Yadav I, Sharma N, Velayudhan R, Fatima Z, Maras JS. Ocimum sanctum Alters the Lipid Landscape of the Brain Cortex and Plasma to Ameliorate the Effect of Photothrombotic Stroke in a Mouse Model. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1877. [PMID: 37763282 PMCID: PMC10533110 DOI: 10.3390/life13091877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke-like injuries in the brain result in not only cell death at the site of the injury but also other detrimental structural and molecular changes in regions around the stroke. A stroke-induced alteration in the lipid profile interferes with neuronal functions such as neurotransmission. Preventing these unfavorable changes is important for recovery. Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi extract) is known to have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. It is possible that Tulsi imparts a neuroprotective effect through the lipophilic transfer of active ingredients into the brain. Hence, we examined alterations in the lipid profile in the cerebral cortex as well as the plasma of mice with a photothrombotic-ischemic-stroke-like injury following the administration of a Tulsi extract. It is also possible that the lipids present in the Tulsi extract could contribute to the lipophilic transfer of active ingredients into the brain. Therefore, to identify the major lipid species in the Tulsi extract, we performed metabolomic and untargeted lipidomic analyses on the Tulsi extract. The presence of 39 molecular lipid species was detected in the Tulsi extract. We then examined the effect of a treatment using the Tulsi extract on the untargeted lipidomic profile of the brain and plasma following photothrombotic ischemic stroke in a mouse model. Mice of the C57Bl/6j strain, aged 2-3 months, were randomly divided into four groups: (i) Sham, (ii) Lesion, (iii) Lesion plus Tulsi, and (iv) Lesion plus Ibuprofen. The cerebral cortex of the lesioned hemisphere of the brain and plasma samples were collected for untargeted lipidomic profiling using a Q-Exactive Mass Spectrometer. Our results documented significant alterations in major lipid groups, including PE, PC, neutral glycerolipids, PS, and P-glycerol, in the brain and plasma samples from the photothrombotic stroke mice following their treatment with Tulsi. Upon further comparison between the different study groups of mice, levels of MGDG (36:4), which may assist in recovery, were found to be increased in the brain cortexes of the mice treated with Tulsi when compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). Lipid species such as PS, PE, LPG, and PI were commonly altered in the Sham and Lesion plus Tulsi groups. The brain samples from the Sham group were specifically enriched in many species of glycerol lipids and had reduced PE species, while their plasma samples showed altered PE and PS species when compared to the Lesion group. LPC (16:1) was found in the Tulsi extract and was significantly increased in the brains of the PTL-plus-Tulsi-treated group. Our results suggest that the neuroprotective effect of Tulsi on cerebral ischemia may be partially associated with its ability to regulate brain and plasma lipids, and these results may help provide critical insights into therapeutic options for cerebral ischemia or brain lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inderjeet Yadav
- National Brain Research Centre, Gurugram 122052, India; (I.Y.); (R.V.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nupur Sharma
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi 110070, India;
| | - Rema Velayudhan
- National Brain Research Centre, Gurugram 122052, India; (I.Y.); (R.V.)
| | - Zeeshan Fatima
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram 122413, India
| | - Jaswinder Singh Maras
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi 110070, India;
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Manikandan DB, Arumugam M, Sridhar A, Perumalsamy B, Ramasamy T. Sustainable fabrication of hybrid silver-copper nanocomposites (Ag-CuO NCs) using Ocimum americanum L. as an effective regime against antibacterial, anticancer, photocatalytic dye degradation and microalgae toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 228:115867. [PMID: 37044164 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a sustainable fabrication of hybrid silver-copper oxide nanocomposites (Ag-CuO NCs) was accomplished utilizing Ocimum americanum L. by one pot green chemistry method. The multifarious biological and environmental applications of the green fabricated Ag-CuO NCs were evaluated through their antibacterial, anticancer, dye degradation, and microalgae growth inhibition activities. The morphological features of the surface functionalized hybrid Ag-CuO NCs were confirmed by FE-SEM and HR-TEM techniques. The surface plasmon resonance λmax peak appeared at 441.56 nm. The average hydrodynamic size distribution of synthesized nanocomposite was 69.80 nm. Zeta potential analysis of Ag-CuO NCs confirmed its remarkable stability at -21.5 mV. XRD and XPS techniques validated the crystalline structure and electron binding affinity of NCs, respectively. The Ag-CuO NCs demonstrated excellent inhibitory activity against Vibrio cholerae (19.93 ± 0.29 mm) at 100 μg/mL. Anticancer efficacy of Ag-CuO NCs was investigated against the A549 lung cancer cell line, and Ag-CuO NCs exhibited outstanding antiproliferative activity with a low IC50 of 2.8 ± 0.05 μg/mL. Furthermore, staining and comet assays substantiated that the Ag-CuO NCs hindered the progression of the A549 cells and induced apoptosis as a result of cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. Concerning the environmental applications, the Ag-CuO NCs displayed efficient photocatalytic activity against eosin yellow degradation up to 80.94% under sunlight irradiation. Microalgae can be used as an early bio-indicator/prediction of environmental contaminants and toxic substances. The treatment of the Ag-CuO NCs on the growth of marine microalgae Tetraselmis suecica demonstrated the dose and time-dependent growth reduction and variations in the chlorophyll content. Therefore, the efficient multifunctional properties of hybrid Ag-CuO NCs could be exploited as a regime against infective diseases and cancer. Further, the findings of our investigation witness the remarkable scope and potency of Ag-CuO NCs for environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Babu Manikandan
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manikandan Arumugam
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arun Sridhar
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balaji Perumalsamy
- National Centre for Alternatives to Animal Experiments (NCAAE), Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thirumurugan Ramasamy
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India; National Centre for Alternatives to Animal Experiments (NCAAE), Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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11
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Zayed A, Farag MA, Mehring A, Salem MA, Ibrahim RM, Alseekh S, Fernie AR, Ulber R. Methyl jasmonate elicitation effect on the metabolic profile of cambial meristematic cells culture derived from sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in relation to antioxidant activity: Untargeted metabolomics study in a time-based approach. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 213:113777. [PMID: 37385363 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The undifferentiated cambial meristematic cell (CMC) has been recognized as a value-added production platform for plant natural products in comparison to the dedifferentiated plant cell line (DDC). In a time-based approach at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h, the present study aimed at investigating the phytochemical metabolome of methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-elicited CMC cultures derived from sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), including primary and secondary metabolites analyzed using GC/TOF-MS post-silylation and RP-UPLC-C18-FT-MS/MS, respectively, as well as the analysis of aroma composition using headspace SPME-GC-MS. The results revealed a stress response in primary metabolism manifested by an increase in amino and organic acids reaching their maximum levels after 48 (1.3-fold) and 72 (1.7-fold) h, respectively. In addition, phenolic acids (e.g., sagerinic acid, rosmarinic acid, and 3-O-methylrosmarinic acid) followed by flavonoid aglycones (e.g., salvigenin and 5,6,4'-trihydroxy-7,3'-dimethoxyflavone) were the most abundant with prominent increases at 48 (1.2-fold) and 72 (2.1-fold) h, respectively. The aroma was intensified by the elicitation along the time, especially after 48 and 72 h. Furthermore, multivariate data analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) confirmed elicitation effect, especially post 48 and 72 h. The study further assessed the effect of MeJA elicitation on the antioxidant and polyphenolic content. The cultures at 48 h demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) antioxidant activity concurrently with correlation with total polyphenolic content using Pearson's correlation. Our study provides new insights to the elicitation impact on primary and secondary metabolism, in addition to aroma profile, to orchestrate the stress response and in relation to antioxidant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Zayed
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany; Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elguish street, 31527, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., P.B. 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Alexander Mehring
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Mohamed A Salem
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Gamal Abd El Nasr st., Shibin Elkom, 32511, Menoufia, Egypt.
| | - Rana M Ibrahim
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., P.B. 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Golm, Germany; Center for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Golm, Germany; Center for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Roland Ulber
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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Singh S, Chanotiya CS, Singh A, Vajpayee P, Kalra A. Role of ACC-deaminase synthesizing Trichoderma harzianum and plant growth-promoting bacteria in reducing salt-stress in Ocimum sanctum. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:815-828. [PMID: 37520812 PMCID: PMC10382467 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01328-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a significant concern in crop production, causing severe losses in agricultural yields. Ocimum sanctum, also known as Holy Basil, is an important ancient medicinal plant used in the Indian traditional system of medicine. The present study explores the use of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase-producing strains of plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) namely Str-8 (Halomonas desiderata), Sd-6 (Brevibacterium halotolerans), Fd-2 (Achromobacter xylosoxidans), Art-7 (Burkholderia cepacia), and Ldr-2 (Bacillus subtilis), and T. harzianum (Th), possessing multi-functional properties like growth promotion, stress alleviation, and for enhancing O. sanctum yield under salt stress. The results showed that co-inoculation of Th and PGPBs enhanced plant height and fresh herb weight by 3.78-17.65% and 7.86-58.76%, respectively; highest being in Th + Fd-2 and Th + Art-7 compared to positive control plants. The doubly inoculated plants showed increased pigments, phenol, flavonoids, protein, sugar, relative water content, and nutrient uptake (Nitrogen and Phosphorous) as compared to monocultures and untreated positive control plants. In addition, co-inoculation in plants resulted in lower Na+, MDA, H2O2, CAT, APX activities, and also lower ACC accumulation (49.75 to 72.38% compared to non-treated salt- stressed plant) in O. sanctum, which probably played a significant role in minimizing the deleterious effects of salinity. Finally, multifactorial analysis showed that co-inoculation of Th and PGPBs improved O. sanctum growth, its physiological activities, and alleviated salt stress compared to single inoculated and positive control plants. These microbial consortia were evaluated for the first time on O. sanctum under salt stress. Therefore, the microbial consortia application could be employed to boost crop productivity in poor, marginalized and stressed agricultural fields. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01328-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Singh
- Department of Microbial Technology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, U.P 226015 India
| | - Chandan Singh Chanotiya
- Analytical Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, U.P 226015 India
| | - Akanksha Singh
- Department of Microbial Technology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, U.P 226015 India
| | | | - Alok Kalra
- Department of Microbial Technology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, U.P 226015 India
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Beltrán-Noboa A, Jordan-Álvarez A, Guevara-Terán M, Gallo B, Berrueta LA, Giampieri F, Battino M, Álvarez-Suarez JM, Tejera E. Exploring the Chemistry of Ocimum Species under Specific Extractions and Chromatographic Methods: A Systematic Review. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:10747-10756. [PMID: 37008142 PMCID: PMC10061529 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ocimum is considered the largest genus in the Lamiacea family. The genus includes basil, a group of aromatic plants with a wide range of culinary uses that nowadays draws attention for its medicinal and pharmaceutical potential. This systematic review intends to explore the chemical composition of nonessential oils and their variation across different Ocimum species. Moreover, we aimed to identify the state of knowledge regarding the molecular space in this genus as well as the different methods of extraction/identification and geographical location. Seventy-nine eligible articles were selected for the final analysis, from which we extracted more than 300 molecules. We found that the countries with the highest number of studies into Ocimum species are India, Nigeria, Brazil, and Egypt. However, from all known species of Ocimum, only 12 were found to have an extensive chemical characterization, particularly Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum tenuiflorum. Our study focused especially on alcoholic, hydroalcoholic, and water extracts, in which the main techniques for compound identifications are GC-MS, LC-MS, and LC-UV. Across the compiled molecules, we found a wide variety of compounds, especially flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenoids, suggesting that this genus could be a very useful source of possible bioactive compounds. The information collected in this review also emphasizes the huge gap between the vast number of Ocimum species discovered and the number of studies in each of them that determined the chemical characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Beltrán-Noboa
- Grupo
de Bioquimioinformática, Universidad
de Las Américas, De Los Colimes esq, Quito 170513, Ecuador
- Departamento
de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea
(UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena,
s/n, 48940 Leioa, Biscay, Spain
| | - Alejandro Jordan-Álvarez
- Grupo
de Bioquimioinformática, Universidad
de Las Américas, De Los Colimes esq, Quito 170513, Ecuador
| | - Mabel Guevara-Terán
- Grupo
de Bioquimioinformática, Universidad
de Las Américas, De Los Colimes esq, Quito 170513, Ecuador
- Grupo
de Investigación en Polifenoles, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Francisco Tomás y Valiente, s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Blanca Gallo
- Departamento
de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea
(UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena,
s/n, 48940 Leioa, Biscay, Spain
| | - Luis A. Berrueta
- Departamento
de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea
(UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena,
s/n, 48940 Leioa, Biscay, Spain
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Research
Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, C. Isabel Torres, 21, 39011 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department
of Clinical Sciences, Università
Politecnica delle Marche, Via Lodovico Menicucci, 6, 60121 Ancona, Italy
- International
Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Jingkou District, 212013 Zhenjiang, China
| | - José M. Álvarez-Suarez
- Departamento
de Ingeniería en Alimentos. Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles s/n, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Eduardo Tejera
- Grupo
de Bioquimioinformática, Universidad
de Las Américas, De Los Colimes esq, Quito 170513, Ecuador
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Comprehensive Metabolomic Fingerprinting Combined with Chemometrics Identifies Species- and Variety-Specific Variation of Medicinal Herbs: An Ocimum Study. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010122. [PMID: 36677046 PMCID: PMC9862730 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of plant species is a crucial process in natural products. Ocimum, often referred to as the queen of herbs, is one of the most versatile and globally used medicinal herbs for various health benefits due to it having a wide variety of pharmacological activities. Despite there being significant global demand for this medicinal herb, rapid and comprehensive metabolomic fingerprinting approaches for species- and variety-specific classification are limited. In this study, metabolomic fingerprinting of five Ocimum species (Ocimum basilicum L., Ocimum sanctum L., Ocimum africanum Lour., Ocimum kilimandscharicum Gurke., and Hybrid Tulsi) and their varieties was performed using LC-MS, GC-MS, and the rapid fingerprinting approach FT-NIR combined with chemometrics. The aim was to distinguish the species- and variety-specific variation with a view toward developing a quality assessment of Ocimum species. Discrimination of species and varieties was achieved using principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminate analysis (PLS-DA), data-driven soft independent modelling of class analogy (DD-SIMCA), random forest, and K-nearest neighbours with specificity of 98% and sensitivity of 99%. Phenolics and flavonoids were found to be major contributing markers for species-specific variation. The present study established comprehensive metabolomic fingerprinting consisting of rapid screening and confirmatory approaches as a highly efficient means to identify the species and variety of Ocimum, being able to be applied for the quality assessment of other natural medicinal herbs.
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Chanthaboury M, Choonharuangdej S, Shrestha B, Srithavaj T. Antimicrobial Properties of Ocimum Species: An In Vitro Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2022; 12:596-602. [PMID: 36777016 PMCID: PMC9912833 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_155_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of ethanol-extracts obtained from Ocimum gratissimum L. (clove or African basil, Lamiaceae) and O. santum L. (holy basil) against some microorganisms present in oral cavity related to either medical or dental disease. Materials and Methods Antimicrobial properties of both ethanol-extracts of Ocimum species against Streptococcus mutans KPSK2, S. pyogenes ATCC 19615, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 16794, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 were primarily determined by agar disk diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal or fungicidal concentration (MBC or MFC) of these herbal extracts were further determined by broth micro-dilution method. Results Ethanol-extracts of O. sanctum L. and O. gratissimum L. inhibited the growth of all tested microorganisms in various degrees ranging from the strongest antimicrobial activity of O. sanctum against S. pyogenes [MIC at 0.19% (w/v); MBC at 0.78% (w/v)] to the least inhibitory activity of O. gratissimum against C. albicans [MIC at 12.5% (w/v); undetectable MFC]. The ethanol-extract of O. sanctum showed stronger antimicrobial property against the tested bacteria and fungus than O. gratissimum. The ethanol-extracts of both Ocimum species showed stronger antibacterial than antifungal activity. However, the ethanol-extract of O. gratissimum even at a high concentration of 50% (w/v) was unable to eliminate the tested fungus. Conclusion Ethanol-extracts of Ocimum species contain effective antibacterial and antifungal properties that may be beneficial for further development of antimicrobial agents in medical and dental fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malimone Chanthaboury
- Maxillofacial Prosthetic Unit, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suwan Choonharuangdej
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Binit Shrestha
- Maxillofacial Prosthetic Unit, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Theerathavaj Srithavaj
- Maxillofacial Prosthetic Unit, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand,Address for correspondence: Dr. Theerathavaj Srithavaj, Maxillofacial Prosthetic Unit, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. E-mail:
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