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Khan I, Rehman W, Rasheed L, Rahim F, Hussain R, Khan S, Alanazi AS, Hefnawy M, Abdellattif MH. Discovery of Novel and Selective Schiff Base Inhibitors as a Key for Drug Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Pharmacological Evaluation. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:31148-31158. [PMID: 39035878 PMCID: PMC11256303 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disorder and still a challenge throughout the world, and therefore the search for safe and effective inhibitors for α-amylase and α-glucosidase is increasing day by day. In this work, we try to carry out the synthesis, modification, and computer-aided results of and biological research on thiadiazole-based Schiff base derivatives and evaluate their in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential (1-15). In the current series, all of the synthesized analogues were shown to have potential inhibitory effects on targeted enzymes. The IC50 values for α-amylase values ranged from 20.10 ± 0.40 to 0.80 ± 0.05 μM, compared with the standard drug acarbose having an IC50 value of 10.30 ± 0.20 μM, while for α-glucosidase, the IC50 values ranged from 20.10 ± 0.50 to 1.20 ± 0.10 μM, compared to acarbose with an IC50 value of 9.80 ± 0.20 μM. For better understanding, a SAR investigation was undertaken. In this series, nine scaffolds (1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 10, 11, 13, and 15) were more active than the reference drug and the docking parameter RMSD values for α-glucosidase and α-amylase were 1.766, 2.7746, 1.6025, 2.2112, 3.5860, 2.3360, 1.6178, 2.0254, and 2.0797 and 2.6020, 1.9509, 3.1642, 1.7547, 2.2130, 1.4221, and 1.1087, respectively. The toxicity of the selected analogues was calculated by using the OSIRIS tool, and the TPSA values were found to be lower than 140 to represent the drug-like properties; those from Molinspiration were studied as well. The following properties were studied and found to have better biological properties. The remaining analogues (4, 5, 7, 8, 12, and 14) were also identified as potential inhibitors of both enzymes, but they were less active than the reference due to the substituents attached to the aromatic parts. The structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed through different spectroscopic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Liaqat Rasheed
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of
Nano-Photoelectric Magnetic Material, School of Material Science and
Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Rafaqat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abbottabad University
of Science and Technology (AUST), Abbottabad 22010, Pakistan
| | - Ashwag S. Alanazi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hefnawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud
University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magda H. Abdellattif
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Taif
University, P. O Box 11099 Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Abbasi SA, Rahim F, Hussain R, Rehman W, Khan S, Taha M, Iqbal T, Khan Y, Ali Shah SA. Synthesis of modified Schiff base appended 1,2,4-triazole hybrids scaffolds: elucidating the in vitro and in silico α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors potential. Z NATURFORSCH C 2024; 0:znc-2024-0073. [PMID: 38996406 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2024-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
The current study involves the synthesis of Schiff bases based on 1,2,4-triazoles skeleton and assessing their α-amylase and α-glucosidase profile. Furthermore, the precise structures of the synthesized derivatives were elucidated using various spectroscopic methods such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and HREI-MS. Using glimepiride as the reference standard, the in vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated in order to determine their potential anti-diabetic properties. All analogues showed varied range of inhibitory activity having IC50 values ranging from 17.09 ± 0.72 to 45.34 ± 0.03 μM (α-amylase) and 16.35 ± 0.42 to 42.31 ± 0.09 μM (α-glucosidase), respectively. Specifically, the compounds 1, 7 and 8 were found to be significantly active with IC50 values of 17.09 ± 0.72, 19.73 ± 0.42, and 23.01 ± 0.04 μM (against α-amylase) and 16.35 ± 0.42, 18.55 ± 0.26, and 20.07 ± 0.02 μM (against α-glucosidase) respectively. The obtained results were compared with the Glimepiride reference drug having IC50 values of 13.02 ± 0.11 μM (for α-glucosidase) and 15.04 ± 0.02 μM (for α-amylase), respectively. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies were conducted based on differences in substituent patterns at varying position of aryl rings A and B may cause to alter the inhibitory activities of both α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Additionally, the molecular docking study was carried out to explore the binding interactions possessed by most active analogues with the active sites of targeted α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21120, Pakistan
| | - Rafaqat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21120, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21120, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (AUST), Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tayyiaba Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (AUST), Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Yousaf Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, 45550, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor 42300, Malaysia
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor 42300, Malaysia
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Zahra S, Zaib S, Khan I. Identification of isobenzofuranone derivatives as promising antidiabetic agents: Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, computational docking analysis and molecular dynamics simulations. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129241. [PMID: 38199537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, one of the major health challenges of the 21st century, is associated with numerous biomedical complications including retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular diseases and liver disorders. To control the chronic hyperglycemic condition, the development of potential inhibitors of drug targets such as α-glucosidase and α-amylase remains a promising strategy and focus of continuous efforts. Therefore, in the present work, a concise library of isobenzofuranone derivatives (3a-q) was designed and synthesized using Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling approach. The biological potential of these heterocyclic compounds against carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes; α-glucosidase and α-amylase, was examined. In vitro inhibitory results demonstrated that the tested isobenzofuranones were considerably more effective and potent inhibitors than the standard drug, acarbose. Compound 3d having an IC50 value of 6.82 ± 0.02 μM was emerged as the lead candidate against α-glucosidase with ⁓127-folds strong inhibition than acarbose. Similarly, compound 3g demonstrated ⁓11-folds higher inhibition strength against α-amylase when compared with acarbose. Both compounds were tested in vivo and results demonstrate that the treatment of diabetic rats with α-amylase inhibitor show more pronounced histopathological normalization in kidney and liver than with α-glucosidase inhibitor. The Lineweaver-Burk plot revealed an uncompetitive mode of inhibition for 3d against α-glucosidase whereas compound 3g exhibited mixed inhibition against α-amylase. Furthermore, in silico molecular docking and dynamics simulations validated the in vitro data for these compounds whereas pharmacokinetics profile revealed the druglike properties of potent inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabab Zahra
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom.
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Khan Y, Khan S, Hussain R, Maalik A, Rehman W, Attwa MW, Masood R, Darwish HW, Ghabbour HA. The Synthesis, In Vitro Bio-Evaluation, and In Silico Molecular Docking Studies of Pyrazoline-Thiazole Hybrid Analogues as Promising Anti-α-Glucosidase and Anti-Urease Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1650. [PMID: 38139777 PMCID: PMC10747725 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, a concise library of benzothiazole-derived pyrazoline-based thiazole (1-17) was designed and synthesized by employing a multistep reaction strategy. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for their α-glucosidase and urease inhibitory activities. The scaffolds (1-17) were characterized using a combination of several spectroscopic techniques, including FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and EI-MS. The majority of the synthesized compounds demonstrated a notable potency against α-glucosidase and urease enzymes. These analogues disclosed varying degrees of α-glucosidase and urease inhibitory activities, with their IC50 values ranging from 2.50 to 17.50 μM (α-glucosidase) and 14.30 to 41.50 (urease). Compounds 6, 7, 14, and 12, with IC50 values of 2.50, 3.20, 3.40, and 3.50 μM as compared to standard acarbose (IC50 = 5.30 µM), while the same compounds showed 14.30, 19.20, 21.80, and 22.30 comparable with thiourea (IC50 = 31.40 μM), respectively, showed excellent inhibitory activity. The structure-activity relationship revealed that the size and electron-donating or electron-withdrawing effects of substituents influenced the enzymatic activities such as α-glucosidase and urease. Compound 6 was a dual potent inhibitor against α-glucosidase and urease due to the presence of -CF3 electron-withdrawing functionality on the phenyl ring. To the best of our knowledge, these synthetic compounds were found to be the most potent dual inhibitors of α-glucosidase and urease with minimum IC50 values. Moreover, in silico studies on most active compounds, i.e., 6, 7, 14, and 12, were also performed to understand the binding interaction of most active compounds with active sites of α-glucosidase and urease enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousaf Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; (Y.K.); (R.M.)
| | - Shoaib Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (AUST), Abbottabad 22500, Pakistan;
| | - Rafaqat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan;
| | - Aneela Maalik
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; (Y.K.); (R.M.)
| | - Wajid Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan;
| | - Mohamed W. Attwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.W.A.)
| | - Rafia Masood
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; (Y.K.); (R.M.)
| | - Hany W. Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.W.A.)
| | - Hazem A. Ghabbour
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne 3083, Australia;
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Zahra FT, Saeed A, Ahmed A, Ismail H, Ijaz MU, Albericio F. Synthesis of amantadine clubbed N-aryl amino thiazoles as potent urease, α-amylase & α-glucosidase inhibitors, kinetic and molecular docking studies. RSC Adv 2023; 13:24988-25001. [PMID: 37614781 PMCID: PMC10442672 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05330j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of ten novel compounds were synthesized by incorporating a 1,3 thiazole core into amantadine and their structures were validated using different analytical and spectral methods such as FTIR, EI-MS, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. The antibacterial and enzyme inhibitory properties of these newly synthesized compounds were evaluated. Remarkably, the compounds exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Additionally, the in vitro inhibitory activities of the synthesized compounds, against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and urease were investigated. Among the tested compounds, compound 6d demonstrated potent and selective inhibition of α-amylase IC50 = 97.37 ± 1.52 μM, while acarbose was used as positive control and exhibited IC50 = 5.17 ± 0.25 μM. Compound 6d and 6e exhibited prominent inhibition against α-glucosidase IC50 = 38.73 ± 0.80 μM and 41.63 ± 0.26 μM respectively. Furthermore, compound 6d inhibited urease with exceptional efficacy IC50 = 32.76 μM, while positive control thiourea showed more prominent activity having IC50 = 1.334 μM. Molecular docking studies disclosed the binding mechanism and affinity of these new inhibitors within the binding sites of various amino acids. To investigate the association between molecular structural characteristics and inhibitory actions of synthesized derivatives, preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies were performed. These findings indicated that compounds 6a, 6c, 6d and 6e are potential candidates for hit-to-lead follow-up in the drug-discovery process for treating diabetes and hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Tuz Zahra
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University 45320 Islamabad Pakistan +92-51-9064-2241 +92-51-9064-2128
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University 45320 Islamabad Pakistan +92-51-9064-2241 +92-51-9064-2128
| | - Atteeque Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University 45320 Islamabad Pakistan +92-51-9064-2241 +92-51-9064-2128
| | - Hammad Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat Gujrat 50700 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar Ijaz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38040 Pakistan
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptides Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Durban 4000 South Africa
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona 08028 Barcelona Spain
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Khan I, Rehman W, Rahim F, Hussain R, Khan S, Rasheed L, Alanazi MM, Alanazi AS, Abdellattif MH. Synthesis and In Vitro α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Dual Inhibitory Activities of 1,2,4-Triazole-Bearing bis-Hydrazone Derivatives and Their Molecular Docking Study. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:22508-22522. [PMID: 37396210 PMCID: PMC10308562 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus throughout the world, and new compounds are necessary to combat this. The currently available antidiabetic therapies are long-term complicated and side effect-prone, and this has led to a demand for more affordable and more effective methods of tackling diabetes. Research is focused on finding alternative medicinal remedies with significant antidiabetic efficacy as well as low adverse effects. In this research work, we have focused our efforts to synthesize a series of 1,2,4-triazole-based bis-hydrazones and evaluated their antidiabetic properties. In addition, the precise structures of the synthesized derivatives were confirmed with the help of various spectroscopic techniques including 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HREI-MS. To find the antidiabetic potentials of the synthesized compounds, in vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities were characterized using acarbose as the reference standard. From structure-activity (SAR) analysis, it was confirmed that any variation found in inhibitory activities of both α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes was due to the different substitution patterns of the substituent(s) at variable positions of both aryl rings A and B. The results of the antidiabetic assay were very encouraging and showed moderate to good inhibitory potentials with IC50 values ranging from 0.70 ± 0.05 to 35.70 ± 0.80 μM (α-amylase) and 1.10 ± 0.05 to 30.40 ± 0.70 μM (α-glucosidase). The obtained results were compared to those of the standard acarbose drug (IC50 = 10.30 ± 0.20 μM for α-amylase and IC50 = 9.80 ± 0.20 μM for α-glucosidase). Specifically, compounds 17, 15, and 16 were found to be significantly active with IC50 values of 0.70 ± 0.05, 1.80 ± 0.10, and 2.10 ± 0.10 μM against α-amylase and 1.10 ± 0.05, 1.50 ± 0.05, and 1.70 ± 0.10 μM against α-glucosidase, respectively. These findings reveal that triazole-containing bis-hydrazones act as α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors, which help develop novel therapeutics for treating type-II diabetes mellitus and can act as lead molecules in drug discovery as potential antidiabetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Rehman
- Department
of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department
of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Rafaqat Hussain
- Department
of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Liaqat Rasheed
- Department
of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed M. Alanazi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashwag S. Alanazi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P. O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magda H. Abdellattif
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Taif
University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Wang X, Oyane A, Inose T, Nakamura M. In Situ Synthesis of a Tumor-Microenvironment-Responsive Chemotherapy Drug. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041316. [PMID: 37111800 PMCID: PMC10141230 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Current chemotherapy still suffers from unsatisfactory therapeutic efficacy, multi-drug resistance, and severe adverse effects, thus necessitating the development of techniques to confine chemotherapy drugs in the tumor microenvironment. Herein, we fabricated nanospheres of mesoporous silica (MS) doped with Cu (MS-Cu) and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated MS-Cu (PEG-MS-Cu) as exogenous copper supply systems to tumors. The synthesized MS-Cu nanospheres showed diameters of 30-150 nm with Cu/Si molar ratios of 0.041-0.069. Only disulfiram (DSF) and only MS-Cu nanospheres showed little cytotoxicity in vitro, whereas the combination of DSF and MS-Cu nanospheres showed significant cytotoxicity against MOC1 and MOC2 cells at concentrations of 0.2-1 μg/mL. Oral DSF administration in combination with MS-Cu nanospheres intratumoral or PEG-MS-Cu nanospheres intravenous administration showed significant antitumor efficacy against MOC2 cells in vivo. In contrast to traditional drug delivery systems, we herein propose a system for the in situ synthesis of chemotherapy drugs by converting nontoxic substances into antitumor chemotherapy drugs in a specific tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiupeng Wang
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8566, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ayako Oyane
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomoya Inose
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Maki Nakamura
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Ibaraki, Japan
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Synthesis, in Vitro Bio-evaluation, and Molecular Docking Study of Thiosemicarbazone-based Isatin/bis-Schiff base Hybrid Analogues as Effective Cholinesterase Inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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Biancolillo A, Scappaticci C, Foschi M, Rossini C, Marini F. Coupling of NIR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics for the Quantification of Dexamethasone in Pharmaceutical Formulations. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:309. [PMID: 37259451 PMCID: PMC9961082 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Counterfeit or substandard drugs are pharmaceutical formulations in which the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) have been replaced or ingredients do not comply with the drug leaflet. With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, fraud associated with the preparation of substandard or counterfeit drugs is expected to grow, undermining health systems already weakened by the state of emergency. Analytical chemistry plays a key role in tackling this problem, and in implementing strategies that permit the recognition of uncompliant drugs. In light of this, the present work represents a feasibility study for the development of a NIR-based tool for the quantification of dexamethasone in mixtures of excipients (starch and lactose). Two different regression strategies were tested. The first, based on the coupling of NIR spectra and Partial Least Squares (PLS) provided good results (root mean square error in prediction (RMSEP) of 720 mg/kg), but the most accurate was the second, a strategy exploiting sequential preprocessing through orthogonalization (SPORT), which led (on the external set of mixtures) to an R2pred of 0.9044, and an RMSEP of 450 mg/kg. Eventually, Variable Importance in Projection (VIP) was applied to interpret the obtained results and determine which spectral regions contribute most to the SPORT model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Biancolillo
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio snc, Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudia Scappaticci
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio snc, Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Martina Foschi
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio snc, Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudia Rossini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Marini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Alhazmi F, Morad M, Abou-Melha K, El-Metwaly NM. Synthesis and Characterization of New Mixed-Ligand Complexes; Density Functional Theory, Hirshfeld, and In Silico Assays Strengthen the Bioactivity Performed In Vitro. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:4220-4233. [PMID: 36743043 PMCID: PMC9893480 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
N'-Acetyl-2-cyanoacetohydrazide (H2L1) and 2-cyano-N-(6-ethoxybenzo thiazol-2-yl) acetamide (HL2) ligands were used to synthesize [Cr(OAc)(H2L1)(HL2)]·2(OAc) and [Mn(H2L1)(HL2)]·Cl2·2H2O as mixed ligand complexes. All new compounds were analyzed by analytical, spectral, and computational techniques to elucidate their chemical formulae. The bidentate nature was suggested for each coordinating ligand via ON donors. The electronic transitions recorded are attributing to 4A2g(F) → 4T2g(F)(υ2) and 4A2g(F) → 4T1g(F)(υ3) types in the octahedral Cr(III) complex, while 6A1 → 4T2(G) and 6A1 → 4T1(G) transitions are attributing to the tetrahedral Mn(II) complex. These complexes were optimized by the density functional theory method to verify the bonding mode which was suggested via N(3), O(8), N(9), and N(10) donors from the mixed-ligands. Hirshfeld crystal models were demonstrated for the two ligands to indicate the distance between the functional groups within the two ligands and supporting the exclusion of self-interaction in between. Finally, the biological activity of the two mixed ligand complexes was tested by in silico ways as well as in vitro ways for confirmation. Three advanced programs were applied to measure the magnitude of biological efficiency of the two complexes toward kinase enzyme (3nzs) and breast cancer proliferation (3hy3). All in silico data suggest the superiority of the Mn(II) complex. Moreover, the in vitro assays for the two complexes that measure their antioxidant and cytotoxic activity support the distinguished activity of the Mn(II) complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhi
S. Alhazmi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 21961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moataz Morad
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 21961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khlood Abou-Melha
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid
University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa M. El-Metwaly
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 21961, Saudi Arabia
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Vasilyev KA, Antonova AS, Volchkov NS, Logvinenko NA, Nikitina EV, Grigoriev MS, Novikov AP, Kouznetsov VV, Polyanskii KB, Zubkov FI. Influence of Substituents in a Six-Membered Chelate Ring of HG-Type Complexes Containing an N→Ru Bond on Their Stability and Catalytic Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031188. [PMID: 36770854 PMCID: PMC9921640 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient approach to the synthesis of olefin metathesis HG-type catalysts containing an N→Ru bond in a six-membered chelate ring was proposed. For the most part, these ruthenium chelates can be prepared easily and in high yields based on the interaction between 2-vinylbenzylamines and Ind II (the common precursor for Ru-complex synthesis). It was demonstrated that the increase of the steric volume of substituents attached to the nitrogen atom and in the α-position of the benzylidene fragment leads to a dramatic decrease in the stability of the target ruthenium complexes. The bulkiest iPr substituent bonded to the nitrogen atom or to the α-position does not allow the closing of the chelate cycle. N,N-Diethyl-1-(2-vinylphenyl)propan-1-amine is a limiting case; its interaction with Ind II makes it possible to isolate the corresponding ruthenium chelate in a low yield (5%). Catalytic activity of the synthesized complexes was tested in RCM reactions and compared with α-unsubstituted catalysts obtained previously. The structural peculiarities of the final ruthenium complexes were thoroughly investigated using XRD and NMR analysis, which allowed making a reliable correlation between the structure of the complexes and their catalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill A. Vasilyev
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Alexandra S. Antonova
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Nikita S. Volchkov
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Nikita A. Logvinenko
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Eugeniya V. Nikitina
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Mikhail S. Grigoriev
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 31, bld. 4, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Anton P. Novikov
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow 117198, Russia
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 31, bld. 4, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Vladimir V. Kouznetsov
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Biomolecular, Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Cl. 9 # Cra 27, Bucaramanga 680006, Colombia
| | - Kirill B. Polyanskii
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow 117198, Russia
- Correspondence: (K.B.P.); (F.I.Z.)
| | - Fedor I. Zubkov
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow 117198, Russia
- Correspondence: (K.B.P.); (F.I.Z.)
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Beltrán-Partida E, Valdez-Salas B, García-López Portillo M, Gutierrez-Perez C, Castillo-Uribe S, Salvador-Carlos J, Alcocer-Cañez J, Cheng N. Atherosclerotic-Derived Endothelial Cell Response Conducted by Titanium Oxide Nanotubes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:794. [PMID: 36676534 PMCID: PMC9865858 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis lesions are described as the formation of an occlusive wall-vessel plaque that can exacerbate infarctions, strokes, and even death. Furthermore, atherosclerosis damages the endothelium integrity, avoiding proper regeneration after stent implantation. Therefore, we investigate the beneficial effects of TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) in promoting the initial response of detrimental human atherosclerotic-derived endothelial cells (AThEC). We synthesized and characterized NTs on Ti6Al4V by anodization. We isolated AThEC and tested the adhesion long-lasting proliferation activity, and the modulation of focal adhesions conducted on the materials. Moreover, ultrastructural cell-surface contact at the nanoscale and membrane roughness were evaluated to explain the results. Our findings depicted improved filopodia and focal adhesions stimulated by the NTs. Similarly, the NTs harbored long-lasting proliferative metabolism after 5 days, explained by overcoming cell-contact interactions at the nanoscale. Furthermore, the senescent activity detected in the AThEC could be mitigated by the modified membrane roughness and cellular stretch orchestrated by the NTs. Importantly, the NTs stimulate the initial endothelial anchorage and metabolic recovery required to regenerate the endothelial monolayer. Despite the dysfunctional status of the AThEC, our study brings new evidence for the potential application of nano-configured biomaterials for innovation in stent technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Beltrán-Partida
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Cáncer, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Benito Juárez y Calle de la Normal s/n, Mexicali C.P. 21040, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Valdez-Salas
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Cáncer, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Benito Juárez y Calle de la Normal s/n, Mexicali C.P. 21040, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Martha García-López Portillo
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Cáncer, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Benito Juárez y Calle de la Normal s/n, Mexicali C.P. 21040, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Claudia Gutierrez-Perez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Cáncer, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Benito Juárez y Calle de la Normal s/n, Mexicali C.P. 21040, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Sandra Castillo-Uribe
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Cáncer, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Benito Juárez y Calle de la Normal s/n, Mexicali C.P. 21040, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Jorge Salvador-Carlos
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Cáncer, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Benito Juárez y Calle de la Normal s/n, Mexicali C.P. 21040, Baja California, Mexico
| | - José Alcocer-Cañez
- Coordinación Clínica de Cirugía, Hospital General de Zona No. 30, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Av. Lerdo de Tejada s/n, Mexicali C.P. 21100, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Nelson Cheng
- Magna International Pte Ltd., 10 H Enterprise Road, Singapore 629834, Singapore
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