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Li T, Li H, Chen J, Yu Y, Chen S, Wang J, Qiu H. Histidine-modified pillar[5]arene-functionalized mesoporous silica materials for highly selective enantioseparation. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1727:465011. [PMID: 38776604 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Chiral enantiomers, especially the enantiomers of chiral drugs often exhibit different pharmacological activity, metabolism and toxicity, thus it is of great research significance to scientifically and reasonably develop single chiral drugs with low toxicity and high efficiency. Among them, high performance liquid chromatographic techniques based on chiral stationary phases (CSPs) has become one of the most attractive methods used to evaluate the enantiomeric purity of single-enantiomers compound of pharmacological relevance. In this work, pillar[5]arene functionalized with L- and D-histidine, respectively, were modified on the surface of mesoporous silica as novel chiral stationary phases called L/DHis-BP5-Sil. Notably, L/D-histidine had the characteristics of low steric hindrance and easy derivatization. Although the π-π interaction of imidazole group was weaker than that of benzene ring, the benzene ring bonding imidazole-conjugated ring in the structure produced better enantioseparation effect. The results showed that L/DHis-BP5-Sil can separate a variety of complex structural enantiomers with excellent reproducibility, thermal stability and separation performance. Hence, the unique advantage of the highly selective separation of L/DHis-BP5-Sil provides new insights into the enantioseparation field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Hui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jia Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yongliang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Hongdeng Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China.
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Ward AM, Shokati T, Klawitter J, Klawitter J, Nguyen V, Kozell L, Abbas AI, Jones D, Christians U. Identification and Characterization of Cannabichromene's Major Metabolite Following Incubation with Human Liver Microsomes. Metabolites 2024; 14:329. [PMID: 38921465 PMCID: PMC11206029 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabichromene (CBC) is a minor cannabinoid within the array of over 120 cannabinoids identified in the Cannabis sativa plant. While CBC does not comprise a significant portion of whole plant material, it is available to the public in a purified and highly concentrated form. As minor cannabinoids become more popular due to their potential therapeutic properties, it becomes crucial to elucidate their metabolism in humans. Therefore, the goal of this was study to identify the major CBC phase I-oxidized metabolite generated in vitro following incubation with human liver microsomes. The novel metabolite structure was identified as 2'-hydroxycannabicitran using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Following the identification, in silico molecular modeling experiments were conducted and predicted 2'-hydroxycannabicitran to fit in the orthosteric site of both the CB1 and CB2 receptors. When tested in vitro utilizing a competitive binding assay, the metabolite did not show significant binding to either the CB1 or CB2 receptors. Further work necessitates the determination of potential activity of CBC and the here-identified phase I metabolite in other non-cannabinoid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M. Ward
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.M.W.); (V.N.)
| | - Touraj Shokati
- iC42 Clinical Research and Development, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA (J.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jost Klawitter
- iC42 Clinical Research and Development, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA (J.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jelena Klawitter
- iC42 Clinical Research and Development, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA (J.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Vu Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.M.W.); (V.N.)
| | - Laura Kozell
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (L.K.); (A.I.A.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Atheir I. Abbas
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (L.K.); (A.I.A.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - David Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Uwe Christians
- iC42 Clinical Research and Development, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA (J.K.); (J.K.)
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Dadiotis E, Cui M, Gerasi M, Mitsis V, Melliou E, Makriyannis A, Logothetis DE, Magiatis P. A Simple Chiral 1H NMR Method for the Discrimination of ( R)- and ( S)-Cannabichromene in Complex Natural Mixtures and Their Effects on TRPA1 Activity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:77-84. [PMID: 38158562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the enantiomeric ratio of cannabichromene (CBC) within the cannabis plant has attracted significant attention. Cannabichromene is one of the well-known cannabinoids found in cannabis, along with THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol). Cannabichromene exists as a scalemic mixture, meaning it has two enantiomers, (S)-cannabichromene and (R)-cannabichromene, with the ratio between these enantiomers varying among different cannabis strains and even within individual plants. This study presents an accurate and robust chiral NMR method for analyzing cannabichromene's enantiomeric ratio, a well-investigated cannabinoid with numerous pharmacological targets. The use of Pirkle's alcohol as the chiral solvating agent (CSA) or, alternatively, the use of (S)-ibuprofen as a chiral derivatizing agent (CDA) facilitated this analysis. Moreover, the chiral NMR method proves to be a user-friendly tool, easily applicable within any NMR facility, and an expanded investigation of cannabichromene chirality may provide insights into the origin, cultivation, treatment, and processing of Cannabis sativa plants. This study also undertakes a pharmacological examination of the (R)- and (S)-cannabichromenes concerning their most extensively studied pharmacological target, the TRPA1 channels, with the two enantiomers showing the same strong agonistic effect as the racemic mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Dadiotis
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Meng Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Maria Gerasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | | | - Eleni Melliou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Diomedes E Logothetis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Prokopios Magiatis
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
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