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Singh S, Verma R. Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Flavonoids in the Management of Cancer. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2025; 26:17-47. [PMID: 38591206 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010297456240327062614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a class of polyphenolic compounds that can be classified into six distinct categories, namely isoflavonoids, flavanones, flavanols, flavonols, flavones, and anthocyanidins. These compounds are naturally occurring and can be found in a diverse range of plant species. Flavonoids, a class of bioactive compounds, are mostly obtained through the consumption of vegetables, fruits and plant-derived beverages such as wine, cocoa-based products and green tea. Flavonoids have been demonstrated to exhibit a diverse range of anticancer properties. These include the modulation of activities of enzymes involved in scavenging reactive oxygen species, involvement in cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis and autophagy, as well as suppression of cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness. Flavonoids exhibit a dual role in maintaining reactive oxygen species balance. They function as antioxidants in regular physiological conditions, while also demonstrating significant pro-oxidant properties in cancer cells. This prooxidant activity induces apoptotic pathways and downregulates pro-inflammatory signalling pathways. The paper explores the biochemical characteristics, bioavailability, anticancer efficacy, and modes of action of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research GLA University, Chaumuhan, Uttar Pradesh, 281406, India
| | - Riya Verma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research GLA University, Chaumuhan, Uttar Pradesh, 281406, India
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2
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You J, Wang Z, Zeng L, Xia Y, Lin Y, Zhan R, Zhang G. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of flavonoid accumulation in different cultivars of Platostoma palustre. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:1224. [PMID: 39707195 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05909-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 12/02/2024] [Indexed: 12/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platostoma palustre is a kind of plant resource with medicinal and food value, which has been differentiated into many different varieties after a long period of breeding. The cultivars of Taiwan(TW) and Pingyuan(PY) are widely grown in Guangdong, but a clear basis for species differentiation has not yet been established, resulting in the mixing of different species which limits their production and application. RESULTS Regarding leaf surface morphology, the TW exhibited greater leaf area, non-glandular hairs, and the number of stomata than the PY. Regarding chemical activities, the TW exhibited higher total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity than the PY. In metabolomics, a total of 85 DAMs were detected, among which four flavonoid DAMs were identified, all of which were up-regulated in TW expression. Transcriptome analysis identified 2503 DEGs, which were classified according to their functional roles. The results demonstrated that the DEGs were primarily involved in amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, sorting and degradation. A total 536 transcription factors (TFs) were identified, of which bHLH and MYB were the top two most abundant TFs families. Combined analysis of metabolome and transcriptome indicated that the phenylpropanoid pathway plays a significant role in flavonoid synthesis. Furthermore, real-time fluorescence qrt-PCR validation demonstrated that the expression trend of 10 DEGs was consistent with the transcriptomics data. CONCLUSION The phenylpropanoid pathway affects the synthesis of secondary metabolites, resulting in functional differences. In this study, metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses were performed to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of flavonoid synthesis in P. palustre and to provide a theoretical basis for the identification, differentiation and breeding cultivation of different cultivars of P. palustre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankai You
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource From Lingnan, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhongdong Wang
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource From Lingnan, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | | | - Yimeng Xia
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource From Lingnan, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ying Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ruoting Zhan
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource From Lingnan, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Guifang Zhang
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource From Lingnan, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Elalouf A, Rosenfeld AY, Maoz H. Targeting serotonin receptors with phytochemicals - an in-silico study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:30307. [PMID: 39638796 PMCID: PMC11621125 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-76329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The potential of natural phytochemicals in mitigating depression has been supported by substantial evidence. This study evaluated a total of 88 natural phytochemicals with potential antidepressant properties by targeting serotonin (5-HT) receptors (5-HT1A, 5-HT4, and 5-HT7) using molecular docking, ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) analysis, internal coordinates normal mode analysis (NMA), molecular dynamics simulation (MDS), and free energy calculation. Five evaluated compounds (Genistein, Kaempferol, Daidzein, Peonidin, and glycitein) exhibited favorable pharmacokinetic properties and improved binding scores, indicating their potential as effective antidepressants. Redocking and superimposition analysis of 5-HT with cocrystal structures validated these findings. Furthermore, NMA, MDS, and free energy calculations confirmed the stability and deformability of the ligand-receptor complexes, suggesting that these phytochemicals can effectively interact with 5-HT receptors to modulate depressive symptoms. These powerful phytochemicals, abundantly found in soybeans, fruits, vegetables, and herbs, represent a promising avenue for developing natural treatments for depression. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are warranted to explore their efficacy in alleviating stress and depression through their interactions with 5-HT receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Elalouf
- Department of Management, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel.
| | | | - Hanan Maoz
- Department of Management, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
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Xue J, Hu M, Yang J, Fang W, Yin Y. Optimization of Ultraviolet-B Treatment for Enrichment of Total Flavonoids in Buckwheat Sprouts Using Response Surface Methodology and Study on Its Metabolic Mechanism. Foods 2024; 13:3928. [PMID: 39683001 DOI: 10.3390/foods13233928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2024] [Revised: 11/27/2024] [Accepted: 12/04/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Buckwheat possesses significant nutritional content and contains different bioactive compounds, such as total flavonoids, which enhance its appeal to consumers. This study employed single-factor experiments and the response surface methodology to identify the optimal germination conditions for enhancing the total flavonoid content in buckwheat sprouts through ultraviolet-B treatment. The research showed that buckwheat sprouts germinated for 3 days at a temperature of 28.7 °C while being exposed to ultraviolet-B radiation at an intensity of 30.0 μmol·m-2·s-1 for 7.6 h per day during the germination period resulted in the highest total flavonoid content of 1872.84 μg/g fresh weight. Under these specified conditions, ultraviolet-B treatment significantly elevated the activity and gene expression levels of enzymes related to the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase, 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase, and chalcone isomerase. Ultraviolet-B treatment caused oxidative damage to buckwheat sprouts and inhibited their growth, but ultraviolet-B treatment also enhanced the activity of key enzymes in the antioxidant system, such as catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase. This research provided a technical reference and theoretical support for enhancing the isoflavone content in buckwheat sprouts through ultraviolet-B treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 210095, China
| | - Meixia Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 210095, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Yangzhou Center for Food and Drug Control, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Weiming Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 210095, China
| | - Yongqi Yin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 210095, China
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Wu Y, Jiang L, Ran W, Zhong K, Zhao Y, Gao H. Antimicrobial activities of natural flavonoids against foodborne pathogens and their application in food industry. Food Chem 2024; 460:140476. [PMID: 39032295 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The application of natural alternatives as food preservatives has gained much attention due to the escalating negative perception of synthetic preservatives among consumers and the spread of drug-resistance foodborne pathogens. Natural flavonoids have the potential to be employed for food safety due to their antimicrobial properties against a wide range of foodborne pathogenic microorganisms. In this perspective, we reviewed the antimicrobial activities of natural flavonoids, the mechanism of action, as well as their application for food safety and quality. Various strategies for the incorporation of flavonoids into food products were highlighted, including direct addition to food formulations, encapsulation as micro or nanocarriers, and incorporation into edible or active films and coatings. Furthermore, we discussed the current challenges of industrial application of flavonoids, and proposed future trends to enhance their potential as natural preservatives. This review provides a theoretical foundation for the further development and application of flavonoids for food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wenyi Ran
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Kai Zhong
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Hong Gao
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Zagoskina N. Special Issue "Advances in the Physiology of Primary and Secondary Plant Metabolism Under Abiotic and Biotic Stress". Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:12339. [PMID: 39596403 PMCID: PMC11595043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252212339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2024] [Accepted: 11/13/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the most relevant areas of biology is the study of plant adaptation processes to the action of various stress factors of abiotic and biotic nature, which is reflected in the works of molecular biologists, geneticists, microbiologists, plant physiologists, and biochemists, as well as biotechnologists [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Zagoskina
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia
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Ziqubu K, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Dludla PV. Regulation of adipokine and batokine secretion by dietary flavonoids, as a prospective therapeutic approach for obesity and its metabolic complications. Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00262-1. [PMID: 39551425 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2024] [Revised: 10/27/2024] [Accepted: 11/13/2024] [Indexed: 11/19/2024]
Abstract
Traditionally recognised as the energy reservoir and main site of adaptive thermogenesis, white and brown adipose tissues are complex endocrine organs regulating systemic energy metabolism via the secretion of bioactive molecules, termed "adipokines" and "batokines", respectively. Due to its significant role in regulating whole-body energy metabolism and other physiological processes, adipose tissue has been increasingly explored as a feasible therapeutic target for obesity. Flavonoids are one of the most significant plant polyphenolic compounds holding a great potential as therapeutic agents for combating obesity. However, understanding their mechanisms of action remains largely insufficient to formulate therapeutic theories. This review critically discusses scientific evidence highlighting the role of flavonoids in ameliorating obesity-related metabolic complications, including adipose tissue dysfunction, inflammation, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and cardiovascular comorbidities in part by modulating the release of adipokines and batokines. Further discussion advocates for the use of therapeutics targeting these bioactive molecules as a potential avenue for developing effective treatment for obesity and its adverse metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho 2745, South Africa
| | | | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
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Frenț OD, Stefan L, Morgovan CM, Duteanu N, Dejeu IL, Marian E, Vicaș L, Manole F. A Systematic Review: Quercetin-Secondary Metabolite of the Flavonol Class, with Multiple Health Benefits and Low Bioavailability. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:12091. [PMID: 39596162 PMCID: PMC11594109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252212091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2024] [Revised: 11/01/2024] [Accepted: 11/06/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The main goal of this systematic review on the flavonol class secondary metabolite quercetin is to evaluate and summarize the existing research on quercetin's potential health benefits, therapeutic properties, and effectiveness in disease prevention and treatment. In addition to evaluating quercetin's potential for drug development with fewer side effects and lower toxicity, this type of review attempts to collect scientific evidence addressing quercetin's roles as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticancer agent. In the first part, we analyze various flavonoid compounds, focusing on their chemical structure, classification, and natural sources. We highlight their most recent biological activities as reported in the literature. Among these compounds, we pay special attention to quercetin, detailing its chemical structure, physicochemical properties, and process of biosynthesis in plants. We also present natural sources of quercetin and emphasize its health benefits, such as its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, we discuss methods to enhance its bioavailability, analyzing the latest and most effective delivery systems based on quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olimpia-Daniela Frenț
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, No. 29 Nicolae Jiga Street, 410028 Oradea, Romania; (O.-D.F.); (E.M.); (L.V.)
| | - Liana Stefan
- Department of Surgical Discipline, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Claudia Mona Morgovan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Informatics and Sciences, University of Oradea, No 1 University Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Narcis Duteanu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnologies, and Environmental Protection, Politehnica University of Timisoara, No. 2 Victoriei Square, 300006 Timişoara, Romania
- National Institute of Research and Development for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 144 Dr. A. P. Podeanu, 300569 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Lavinia Dejeu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, No. 29 Nicolae Jiga Street, 410028 Oradea, Romania; (O.-D.F.); (E.M.); (L.V.)
| | - Eleonora Marian
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, No. 29 Nicolae Jiga Street, 410028 Oradea, Romania; (O.-D.F.); (E.M.); (L.V.)
| | - Laura Vicaș
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, No. 29 Nicolae Jiga Street, 410028 Oradea, Romania; (O.-D.F.); (E.M.); (L.V.)
| | - Felicia Manole
- Department of Surgical Discipline, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
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Hoser J, Weglinska G, Samsel A, Maliszewska-Olejniczak K, Bednarczyk P, Zajac M. Modulation of the Respiratory Epithelium Physiology by Flavonoids-Insights from 16HBEσcell Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:11999. [PMID: 39596066 PMCID: PMC11594214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252211999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2024] [Revised: 11/05/2024] [Accepted: 11/06/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Extensive evidence indicates that the compromise of airway epithelial barrier function is closely linked to the development of various diseases, posing a significant concern for global mortality and morbidity. Flavonoids, natural bioactive compounds, renowned for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, have been used for centuries to prevent and treat numerous ailments. Lately, a growing body of evidence suggests that flavonoids can enhance the integrity of the airway epithelial barrier. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of selected flavonoids representing different subclasses, such as kaempferol (flavonol), luteolin (flavone), and naringenin (flavanone), on transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), ionic currents, cells migration, and proliferation of a human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE14σ). To investigate the effect of selected flavonoids, MTT assay, trypan blue staining, and wound healing were assessed. Additionally, transepithelial resistance and Ussing chamber measurements were applied to investigate the impact of the flavonoids on the electrical properties of the epithelial barrier. This study showed that kaempferol, luteolin, and naringenin at micromolar concentrations were not cytotoxic to 16HBE14σ cells. Indeed, in MTT tests, a statistically significant change in cell metabolic activity for luteolin and naringenin was observed. However, our experiments showed that naringenin did not affect the proliferation of 16HBE14σ cells, while the effect of kaempferol and luteolin was inhibitory. Moreover, transepithelial electrical resistance measurements have shown that all of the flavonoids used in this study improved the epithelial integrity with the slightest effect of kaempferol and the significant impact of naringenin and luteolin. Finally, our observations suggest that luteolin increases the Cl- transport through cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel. Our findings reveal that flavonoids representing different subclasses exert distinct effects in the employed cellular model despite their similar chemical structures. In summary, our study sheds new light on the diverse effects of selected flavonoids on airway epithelial barrier function, underscoring the importance of further exploration into their potential therapeutic applications in respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Piotr Bednarczyk
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.H.); (G.W.); (A.S.); (K.M.-O.); (M.Z.)
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Yu L, Ahmad N, Meng W, Zhao S, Chang Y, Wang N, Zhang M, Yao N, Liu X, Zhang J. Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Provide Key Molecular Insights into Floral Stage-Driven Flavonoid Pathway in Safflower. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:11903. [PMID: 39595977 PMCID: PMC11593580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252211903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2024] [Revised: 10/31/2024] [Accepted: 10/31/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb renowned for its high flavonoid content and significant medicinal value. However, the dynamic changes in safflower petal flavonoid profiles across different flowering phases present a challenge in optimizing harvest timing and medicinal use. To enhance the utilization of safflower, this study conducted an integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of safflower petals at different flowering stages. Our findings revealed that certain flavonoids were more abundant during the fading stage, while others peaked during full bloom. Specifically, seven metabolites, including p-coumaric acid, naringenin chalcone, naringenin, dihydrokaempferol, apigenin, kaempferol, and quercetin, accumulated significantly during the fading stage. In contrast, dihydromyricetin and delphinidin levels were notably reduced. Furthermore, key genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, such as 4CL, DFR, and ANR, exhibited up-regulated expression with safflower's flowering progression, whereas CHI, F3H, and FLS were down-regulated. Additionally, exposure to UV-B stress at full bloom led to an up-regulation of flavonoid content and altered the expression of key flavonoid biosynthetic genes over time. This study not only elucidates the regulatory mechanisms underlying flavonoid metabolism in safflower but also provides insights for maximizing its medicinal and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yu
- Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (L.Y.); (W.M.); (S.Z.); (Y.C.); (N.W.); (N.Y.)
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Weijie Meng
- Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (L.Y.); (W.M.); (S.Z.); (Y.C.); (N.W.); (N.Y.)
| | - Shangyang Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (L.Y.); (W.M.); (S.Z.); (Y.C.); (N.W.); (N.Y.)
| | - Yue Chang
- Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (L.Y.); (W.M.); (S.Z.); (Y.C.); (N.W.); (N.Y.)
| | - Nan Wang
- Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (L.Y.); (W.M.); (S.Z.); (Y.C.); (N.W.); (N.Y.)
| | - Min Zhang
- Ginseng and Antler Products Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture PRC Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Na Yao
- Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (L.Y.); (W.M.); (S.Z.); (Y.C.); (N.W.); (N.Y.)
| | - Xiuming Liu
- Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (L.Y.); (W.M.); (S.Z.); (Y.C.); (N.W.); (N.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Institute for Safflower Industry Research, Pharmacy College, Shihezi University, Ministry of Education, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (L.Y.); (W.M.); (S.Z.); (Y.C.); (N.W.); (N.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Institute for Safflower Industry Research, Pharmacy College, Shihezi University, Ministry of Education, Shihezi 832003, China
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11
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Pourhajibagher M, Javanmard Z, Bahador A. In vitro antibacterial activity of photoactivated flavonoid glycosides against Acinetobacter baumannii. AMB Express 2024; 14:119. [PMID: 39495421 PMCID: PMC11535136 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01781-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii's extensive antibiotic resistance makes its infections difficult to treat, so effective strategies to fight this bacterium are urgently needed. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) mediated by Rutin-Gal(III) complex and Quercetin against A. baumannii. Absorbance spectra, fluorescence spectra, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Rutin-Gal(III) complex and Quercetin were determined. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), cell membrane permeability, expression of ompA and blaOXA-23, anti-biofilm activity, and anti-metabolic activity of Rutin-Gal(III) complex- and Quercetin-mediated aPDT were measured. Rutin-Gal(III) complex and Quercetin revealed absorption peaks in the visible spectra. Quercetin and Rutin-Gal(III) complex displayed fluorescence peaks at 524 nm and 540 nm, respectively. MIC values for the Rutin-Gal(III) complex and Quercetin were 64 µg/mL and 256 µg/mL, respectively. Quercetin- and Rutin-Gal(III) complex-mediated aPDT significantly reduced the colony forming units/mL (58.4% and 67.5%), EPS synthesis (47.4% and 56.5%), metabolic activity (30.5% and 36.3%), ompA (5.5- and 10.5-fold), and blaOXA-23 (4.1-fold and 7.8-fold) genes expression (respectively; all P < 0.05). Quercetin- and Rutin-Gal(III) complex-mediated aPDT enhanced notable biofilm degradation (36.2% and 40.6%), ROS production (2.55- and 2.90-folds), and membrane permeability (10.8- and 9.6-folds) (respectively; all P < 0.05). The findings indicate that Rutin-Gal(III) complex- and Quercetin-mediated aPDT exhibits antibacterial properties and could serve as a valuable adjunctive strategy to conventional antibiotic treatments for A. baumannii infections. One limitation of this study is that it was conducted solely on the standard strain; testing on clinical isolates would allow for more reliable interpretation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Javanmard
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Fellowship in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, BioHealth Lab, Tehran, Iran.
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Xu S, Zhang Y, Liang F, Jiang S, Niu S, Wang X, Zhou Y, Cui B, Yuan X. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal the mechanism of polysaccharide and secondary metabolite biosynthesis in Bletilla striata tubers in response to shading. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135545. [PMID: 39270910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides and various secondary metabolites are the major bioactive ingredients in Bletilla striata tubers and their biosynthesis and accumulation are influenced by light intensity. However, the mechanisms underlying shading effects remain largely unknown. In the present study, we used a combined analysis of the physiology, metabolome, and transcriptome to investigate the physiological activities and bioactive component accumulation of B. striata under different shading treatments (S0, S50, S70, and S90). The dry weight of shoots and tubers, net photosynthetic rate, and polysaccharide content were highest in S50 and lowest in S90. The content of precursors (sucrose, Glucose-6P, and Mannose-6P) for polysaccharide synthesis significantly increased in S50. However, the expression levels of genes involved in starch biosynthesis decreased in S50. Several structural genes involved in secondary metabolism, including cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H), chalcone synthase (CHS), and 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS), showed decreased expression in S50. However, the shading effect on the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, and terpenoids) was inconsistent. Our study provides the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of shading on the biosynthesis of polysaccharides and secondary metabolites in B. striata and offers a theoretical basis for the artificial cultivation and industrial production of bioactive ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenping Xu
- Research Center of Bioengineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Research Center of Bioengineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China
| | - Fang Liang
- Research Center of Bioengineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China
| | - Suhua Jiang
- Research Center of Bioengineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China
| | - Suyan Niu
- Research Center of Bioengineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China
| | - Ximeng Wang
- Research Center of Bioengineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China
| | - Yiran Zhou
- Research Center of Bioengineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China
| | - Bo Cui
- Research Center of Bioengineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China
| | - Xiuyun Yuan
- Research Center of Bioengineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China.
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Sitarek P, Merecz-Sadowska A, Sikora J, Dudzic M, Wiertek-Płoszaj N, Picot L, Śliwiński T, Kowalczyk T. Flavonoids and their derivatives as DNA topoisomerase inhibitors with anti-cancer activity in various cell models: Exploring a novel mode of action. Pharmacol Res 2024; 209:107457. [PMID: 39389401 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Flavonoids, a diverse group of plant-derived secondary metabolites, have garnered significant attention for their potential anti-cancer properties. This review explores the role of flavonoids as inhibitors of DNA topoisomerases, key enzymes essential for DNA replication, transcription, and cell division. The article offers a comprehensive overview of flavonoid classification, biosynthesis, and their widespread natural occurrence. It further delves into the molecular mechanisms through which flavonoids exert their anti-cancer effects, emphasizing their interactions with topoisomerases. The review provides a thorough analysis of both in vitro and in vivo studies that highlight the topoisomerase inhibitory activities of various flavonoids and their derivatives. Key findings demonstrate that flavonoids can function as catalytic inhibitors, poisons, or DNA intercalators, affecting both type I and type II topoisomerases. The structure-activity relationships of flavonoids concerning their topoisomerase inhibitory potency are also examined. This review underscores the potential of flavonoids as promising lead compounds for the development of novel topoisomerase inhibitors, which could have important implications for cancer therapy. However, it also acknowledges the need for further research to fully understand the intricate interactions between flavonoids and topoisomerases within the cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, Lodz 90-151, Poland.
| | - Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Department of Economic and Medical Informatics, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-214, Poland
| | - Joanna Sikora
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, Lodz 90-151, Poland
| | - Malwina Dudzic
- Students Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-151, Poland
| | - Natasza Wiertek-Płoszaj
- Students Research Group, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, Lodz 90-237, Poland
| | - Laurent Picot
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés UMRi CNRS 7266 LIENSs, La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle 17042, France
| | - Tomasz Śliwiński
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, Lodz 90-236, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, Lodz 90-237, Poland
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Kiriyama Y, Tokumaru H, Sadamoto H, Kobayashi S, Nochi H. Effects of Phenolic Acids Produced from Food-Derived Flavonoids and Amino Acids by the Gut Microbiota on Health and Disease. Molecules 2024; 29:5102. [PMID: 39519743 PMCID: PMC11548037 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29215102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2024] [Revised: 10/25/2024] [Accepted: 10/25/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota metabolizes flavonoids, amino acids, dietary fiber, and other components of foods to produce a variety of gut microbiota-derived metabolites. Flavonoids are the largest group of polyphenols, and approximately 7000 flavonoids have been identified. A variety of phenolic acids are produced from flavonoids and amino acids through metabolic processes by the gut microbiota. Furthermore, these phenolic acids are easily absorbed. Phenolic acids generally represent phenolic compounds with one carboxylic acid group. Gut microbiota-derived phenolic acids have antiviral effects against several viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2 and influenza. Furthermore, phenolic acids influence the immune system by inhibiting the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. In the nervous systems, phenolic acids may have protective effects against neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Moreover, phenolic acids can improve levels of blood glucose, cholesterols, and triglycerides. Phenolic acids also improve cardiovascular functions, such as blood pressure and atherosclerotic lesions. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the effects of phenolic acids produced from food-derived flavonoids and amino acids by the gut microbiota on health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimitsu Kiriyama
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Shido 1314-1, Sanuki 769-2193, Kagawa, Japan (H.S.); (S.K.); (H.N.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Tokushima Bunri University, Shido 1314-1, Sanuki 769-2193, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tokumaru
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Shido 1314-1, Sanuki 769-2193, Kagawa, Japan (H.S.); (S.K.); (H.N.)
| | - Hisayo Sadamoto
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Shido 1314-1, Sanuki 769-2193, Kagawa, Japan (H.S.); (S.K.); (H.N.)
| | - Suguru Kobayashi
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Shido 1314-1, Sanuki 769-2193, Kagawa, Japan (H.S.); (S.K.); (H.N.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Tokushima Bunri University, Shido 1314-1, Sanuki 769-2193, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nochi
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Shido 1314-1, Sanuki 769-2193, Kagawa, Japan (H.S.); (S.K.); (H.N.)
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Fu X, Wang L, Liu C, Liu Y, Li X, Yao T, Jiao J, Shu R, Li J, Zhang Y, Wang F, Gao J. Integrated Analysis of Metabolome and Transcriptome Reveals the Effect of Burdock Fructooligosaccharide on the Quality of Chinese Cabbage ( Brassica rapa L. ssp. Pekinensis). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:11459. [PMID: 39519013 PMCID: PMC11546758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252111459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2024] [Revised: 10/19/2024] [Accepted: 10/22/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Burdock fructooligosaccharide (BFO) is fructose with a low polymerization degree, which could improve the immunity to pathogens, quality, and stress resistance of vegetables. Still, there are no studies on applying BFO in Chinese cabbage. In this study, the effects of exogenous BFO sprayed with different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, 30 g·L-1) on the growth and soluble sugar content of Chinese cabbage seedlings were determined. The result showed that 10 g·L-1 was the appropriate spraying concentration. Based on metabolome analysis, a total of 220 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were found, among which flavonoid metabolites, glucosinolate metabolites, and soluble sugar-related metabolites were the key metabolites involved in improving the quality of Chinese cabbage caused by BFO. Further combination analysis with transcriptome, trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase (CYP73A5), and chalcone synthase 1 (CHS1) were more closely associated with the DAMs of flavonoid biosynthesis. Sulfotransferases 18 (SOT18), Branched-chain amino acid amino transferases 6 (BCAT6), and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP83A1) were the key genes in glucosinolate biosynthesis. Hexokinase (HxK1), beta-glucosidase 8 (BGL08), invertase 3 (INV3), beta-glucosidase 3B (BGL3B), and sucrose phosphate synthase 1 (SPS1) were significantly upregulated, potentially playing crucial roles in the soluble sugar metabolism. In conclusion, these results provided an understanding of the effects of BFO on the expression of genes and the accumulation of metabolites related to quality formation in Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Bulk Open-Field Vegetable Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Huang Huai Protected Horticulture Engineering, Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (X.F.); (L.W.); (C.L.); (X.L.); (T.Y.); (J.J.); (R.S.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Lixia Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Bulk Open-Field Vegetable Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Huang Huai Protected Horticulture Engineering, Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (X.F.); (L.W.); (C.L.); (X.L.); (T.Y.); (J.J.); (R.S.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Chenwen Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Bulk Open-Field Vegetable Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Huang Huai Protected Horticulture Engineering, Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (X.F.); (L.W.); (C.L.); (X.L.); (T.Y.); (J.J.); (R.S.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuxiang Liu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Bulk Open-Field Vegetable Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Huang Huai Protected Horticulture Engineering, Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (X.F.); (L.W.); (C.L.); (X.L.); (T.Y.); (J.J.); (R.S.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Tiantian Yao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Bulk Open-Field Vegetable Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Huang Huai Protected Horticulture Engineering, Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (X.F.); (L.W.); (C.L.); (X.L.); (T.Y.); (J.J.); (R.S.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jian Jiao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Bulk Open-Field Vegetable Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Huang Huai Protected Horticulture Engineering, Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (X.F.); (L.W.); (C.L.); (X.L.); (T.Y.); (J.J.); (R.S.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Rui Shu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Bulk Open-Field Vegetable Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Huang Huai Protected Horticulture Engineering, Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (X.F.); (L.W.); (C.L.); (X.L.); (T.Y.); (J.J.); (R.S.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jingjuan Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Bulk Open-Field Vegetable Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Huang Huai Protected Horticulture Engineering, Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (X.F.); (L.W.); (C.L.); (X.L.); (T.Y.); (J.J.); (R.S.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Bulk Open-Field Vegetable Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Huang Huai Protected Horticulture Engineering, Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (X.F.); (L.W.); (C.L.); (X.L.); (T.Y.); (J.J.); (R.S.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Fengde Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Bulk Open-Field Vegetable Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Huang Huai Protected Horticulture Engineering, Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (X.F.); (L.W.); (C.L.); (X.L.); (T.Y.); (J.J.); (R.S.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jianwei Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Bulk Open-Field Vegetable Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Huang Huai Protected Horticulture Engineering, Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (X.F.); (L.W.); (C.L.); (X.L.); (T.Y.); (J.J.); (R.S.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
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16
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Pei SN, Lee KT, Rau KM, Lin TY, Tsai TH, Hsu YC. Luteolin (LUT) Induces Apoptosis and Regulates Mitochondrial Membrane Potential to Inhibit Cell Growth in Human Cervical Epidermoid Carcinoma Cells (Ca Ski). Biomedicines 2024; 12:2330. [PMID: 39457642 PMCID: PMC11505502 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12102330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Revised: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 10/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Luteolin (LUT) is a natural flavonoid with known anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties. Cervical cancer, particularly prevalent in certain regions, remains a significant health challenge due to its high recurrence and poor response to treatment. This study aimed to investigate the anti-tumor effects of LUT on human cervical epidermoid carcinoma cells (Ca Ski), focusing on cell growth inhibition, apoptosis induction, and regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential. Methods: Ca Ski cells were treated with varying concentrations of LUT (0, 25, 50, 100 µM) for different time periods (24, 48, 72 hours). Cell viability was measured using the MTT assay, apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry with annexin V-FITC/PI staining, and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were evaluated using JC-1 staining. Caspase-3 activation was examined by flow cytometry, and expression of apoptosis-related proteins (caspase-3, -8, -9, AIF) was analyzed via Western blotting. Results: LUT significantly inhibited the growth of Ca Ski cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with the most pronounced effects observed at 100 µM over 72 hours. Flow cytometry confirmed that LUT induced apoptosis without causing necrosis. Mitochondrial membrane potential was reduced after LUT treatment, coinciding with increased caspase-3 activation. Western blot analysis revealed the upregulation of pro-apoptotic proteins caspase-3, -8, -9, and AIF, indicating that LUT induces apoptosis through the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. Conclusions: Luteolin effectively inhibits cervical cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by disrupting mitochondrial membrane potential and activating caspases. These findings suggest that LUT holds potential as a therapeutic agent for cervical cancer, with further studies needed to explore its in vivo efficacy and broader clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Nan Pei
- Department of Hematology Oncology, E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (S.-N.P.); (K.-M.R.)
| | - Kuan-Ting Lee
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan; (K.-T.L.); (T.-Y.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ming Rau
- Department of Hematology Oncology, E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (S.-N.P.); (K.-M.R.)
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ying Lin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan; (K.-T.L.); (T.-Y.L.)
| | - Tai-Hsin Tsai
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan; (K.-T.L.); (T.-Y.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiang Hsu
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
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Saini S, Tuli HS, Saini RV, Saini AK, Sak K, Kaur D, Shahwan M, Chauhan R, Chauhan A. Flavonoid-Mediated Suppression of Tumor Angiogenesis: Roles of Ang-Tie/PI3K/AKT. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2024; 31:596-607. [PMID: 39449525 PMCID: PMC11503374 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology31040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2024] [Revised: 10/03/2024] [Accepted: 10/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a process involved in the formation of new blood capillaries from pre-existing ones. It is regulated by several anti-angiogenic molecules involved in tumor growth and metastasis. The endothelial angiopoietin Ang-Tie/PI3K/AKT growth receptor pathway is necessary for healthy vascular development. The activation of AKT is controlled by a multistep process involving phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). This article aims to provide an overview of the role and mechanism of the Ang-Tie/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways and the potential of flavonoids as anti-angiogenic drugs. Flavonoids have shown great potential in preventing angiogenesis by targeting signaling pathways and exhibit additional anti-cancer properties. Research studies have revealed that the currently available anti-angiogenic drugs do not meet the safety and efficacy standards for treating tumor growth. Phytocompounds have long been a valuable resource for the development of novel therapeutic drugs. This article explores recent findings explaining the role and mechanism of the Ang-Tie/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, as well as the interaction of flavonoids with angiogenic signaling pathways as a novel therapeutic approach. Several investigations have shown that synergistic studies of natural phytocompounds have great potential to target these pathways to inhibit tumor growth. Therefore, flavonoid-based medications may offer a more effective synergistic strategy to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shallu Saini
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala 133207, India; (R.V.S.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala 133207, India; (R.V.S.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Reena V. Saini
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala 133207, India; (R.V.S.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Adesh K. Saini
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala 133207, India; (R.V.S.); (A.K.S.)
| | | | - Damandeep Kaur
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India;
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates;
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ritu Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to Be University, Dehradun 248002, India;
| | - Abhishek Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Safety and Management, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida 201303, India;
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18
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Sejbuk M, Mirończuk-Chodakowska I, Karav S, Witkowska AM. Dietary Polyphenols, Food Processing and Gut Microbiome: Recent Findings on Bioavailability, Bioactivity, and Gut Microbiome Interplay. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:1220. [PMID: 39456473 PMCID: PMC11505337 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13101220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2024] [Revised: 10/05/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are organic chemical compounds naturally present in plants, renowned for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anticancer, and cardiovascular protective properties. Their bioactivity and bioavailability can vary widely depending on the methods of food processing and interactions with the gut microbiome. These factors can induce changes in polyphenols, affecting their ability to achieve their intended health benefits. Thus, it is essential to develop and apply food processing methods that optimize polyphenol content while maintaining their bioactivity and bioavailability. This review aims to explore how various food processing techniques affect the quantity, bioactivity, and bioavailability of polyphenols, as well as their interactions with the gut microbiome, which may ultimately determine their health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sejbuk
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland; (I.M.-C.); (A.M.W.)
| | - Iwona Mirończuk-Chodakowska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland; (I.M.-C.); (A.M.W.)
| | - Sercan Karav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Türkiye;
| | - Anna Maria Witkowska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland; (I.M.-C.); (A.M.W.)
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19
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Pasvanis Z, Kong RCK, Shah MH, Chan EC, Fan Gaskin JC. 3',4'-Dihydroxyflavonol Inhibits Fibrotic Response in a Rabbit Model of Glaucoma Filtration Surgery. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10767. [PMID: 39409096 PMCID: PMC11476621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251910767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-operative fibrosis of the filtering bleb limits the success of glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS). To minimise subconjunctival scarring following GFS, treatment with antimetabolites such as Mitomycin C (MMC) has become standard practice; however, their use is associated with considerable side effects. This study aimed to investigate the anti-scarring properties of 3',4'-dihydroxyflavonol (DiOHF). GFS was performed in New Zealand white rabbits who received eye drops of DiOHF three times daily and vehicle eye drops after surgery (n = 5) or a single intraoperative treatment of MMC (n = 5). Blebs were imaged immediately following surgery and on days 7, 15, 21, and 28 for clinical examination. On day 28, eyes were harvested to assess collagen deposition, expression of α-SMA, oxidative stress, angiogenesis, fibroblast activity, and inflammation in the conjunctiva/Tenon's layer. At 7 and 28 days post-GFS, MMC-treated blebs were more ischaemic than DiOHF- or vehicle-treated blebs. On day 28, DiOHF treatment significantly suppressed collagen accumulation, CD31 expression, Vimentin expression, and CD45 expression compared to the vehicle control. No difference was observed in 3-Nitrotyrosine or αSMA expression between treatment groups. Treatment with DiOHF reduced conjunctival scarring and angiogenesis in rabbits with GFS, which was comparable to MMC. DiOHF may be a safer and more effective wound-modulating agent than conventional antifibrotic therapy in GFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Pasvanis
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Roy C. K. Kong
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Manisha H. Shah
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Elsa C. Chan
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Jennifer C. Fan Gaskin
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
- Glaucoma Research and Investigation Unit, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
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Shakeri A, Tajvar M, Tabrizi GT, Soleimanpour S, Davoodi J, Asili J, Amiri MS, Emami SA. Bioassay-guided isolation and structure elucidation of anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis compounds from Galatella grimmii (Regel & Schmalh.) Sennikov. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:345. [PMID: 39354550 PMCID: PMC11443940 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04632-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galatella is a genus in the family Asteraceae, represented by 35-45 species. Considering the high effectiveness of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of G. grimmii against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MIC = 0.5 µg/mL), a bioassay-directed fractionation of this extract was carried out. METHODS The methanolic extract of the aerial parts of G. grimmii was obtained using maceration, then it was suspended in water and partitioned with petroleum ether, dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), EtOAc, and n-butanol (n-BuOH), successively. The most potent fraction (EtOAc), was selected for further isolation by Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC to obtain active compounds. RESULTS Fractionation of the EtOAc solvent fraction resulted in the characterization of five compounds, among them, compounds 1 and 2 showed the highest anti-mycobacterial effects with MICs of 0.062 and 1.00 µg/mL against H37Rv M. tuberculosis, respectively, which were higher than those of rifampin (MIC of 1.25 µg/mL) and isoniazid (MIC of 0.31 µg/mL), as positive controls. Also, compound 1 inhibited all tested strains of drug-resistant Mycobacterium (MDR and XDR). Notably, the isolated compounds have been reported for the first time from G. grimmii. CONCLUSION Due to the potent anti-mycobacterial effect of isolated compounds from G. grimmii, this study could pave the way for developing a novel class of natural anti-tuberculosis compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Shakeri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrangiz Tajvar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Saman Soleimanpour
- Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Shariati Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javid Davoodi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Asili
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Ahmad Emami
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy Mashhad, University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Wongpakham S, Samsee T, Wongpakam K, Promden W, Thima K, Khulmanee T, Patrapuvich R, Sangdee A, Kijjoa A, Seephonkai P. A New Isoflavone Xylopyranoside and Isoflavone Derivatives from the Roots of Ochna integerrima and Their DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202401979. [PMID: 39352265 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202401979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 11/10/2024]
Abstract
Ochna integerrima (Louri) Merr. is one of the two species of the genus Ochna (family Ochnaceae) found in Thailand. Its bark is used in traditional Thai medicine to treat digestive disorders. Phytochemical investigation of the crude MeOH extract of the root woods of O. integerrima furnished an unreported isoflavone glycoside, gerontoisoflavone A-4'-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (1), together with the previously described irisolone methyl ether (2), iriskumaonin methyl ether (3), iriskumaonin (4), gerontoisoflavone A (5), isoprunetin (6), a flavone glycoside, vitexin (7), and a chromone derivative, lophilone A (8). The structure of 1 was elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectral analysis as well as HRMS data. Compounds 1-7 were evaluated for their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil radical (DPPH⋅) scavenging activity and antiplasmodial activity against a chloroquine- and pyrimethamine-resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum (K1). Compounds 5 exhibited strongest scavenging activity, with a scavenging concentration at 50 % (SC50) of 137.7 μM, while 4 and 6 displayed weak scavenging activity, with SC50 values of 4 and 5 times higher than that of 5. None of the tested compounds showed antiplasmodial activity against P. falciparum (K1) at a concentration of 5 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirilug Wongpakham
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang, Kantarawichai, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Thanatcha Samsee
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang, Kantarawichai, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Komgrit Wongpakam
- Walairukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang, Kantarawichai, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Worrawat Promden
- Division of General Science, Faculty of Education, Buriram Rajabhat University, Buriram, 31000, Thailand
| | - Kanthinich Thima
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tachin Khulmanee
- Drug Research Unit for Malaria, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rapatbhorn Patrapuvich
- Drug Research Unit for Malaria, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aphidech Sangdee
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, MSU, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar and CIIMAR, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Prapairat Seephonkai
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang, Kantarawichai, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
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22
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Liu J, Wang N, Wu Z, Gan Y, Ji J, Huang Z, Du Y, Wen C, Tian F, Fan Y, Xu L. Apigenin ameliorates lupus nephritis by inhibiting SAT3 signaling in CD8 + T cells. Food Funct 2024; 15:10020-10036. [PMID: 39283308 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo02773f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by widespread organ and tissue involvement, with lupus nephritis (LN) being one of its most severe complications. Dietary flavonoids, as for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, have shown therapeutic potential under various inflammatory conditions. Apigenin (AP) is one of the most studied phenolics and is found in many fruits, vegetables and herbs. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of apigenin on LN. We evaluated the effects of apigenin on MRL/lpr mice, a well-established model for spontaneous LN. Apigenin treatment improved peripheral blood profiles, reduced serum inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-17, TGF-β), lowered levels of autoantibodies (ANA, anti-dsDNA) and alleviated renal damage caused by autoantibodies and inflammatory cell infiltration. The results of immunohistochemistry and transcriptome analysis showed that AP could inhibit the infiltration of CD8+ cells in renal tissues. Single-cell sequencing public data from LN patients identified cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) as the primary CD8+ T cell subtype in the kidneys, with their differentiation regulated by STAT3. In this study, cell experiments demonstrated that AP can induce apoptosis in CD8+ T cells and reduce their recruitment of macrophages by inhibiting the STAT3/IL-17 signaling pathway. These findings highlight that a diet rich in dietary flavonoids, particularly apigenin, can offer therapeutic benefits for patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqun Liu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nianzhi Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhenyu Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yihong Gan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinjun Ji
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zixuan Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Chengping Wen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Fengyuan Tian
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongsheng Fan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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23
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Karastergiou A, Gancel AL, Jourdes M, Teissedre PL. Valorization of Grape Pomace: A Review of Phenolic Composition, Bioactivity, and Therapeutic Potential. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:1131. [PMID: 39334790 PMCID: PMC11428247 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13091131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitis vinifera L., commonly known as grapes, is one of the most widely cultivated crops worldwide, with over 80% used for wine production. However, the winemaking process generates substantial residues, including grape pomace (GP), wine lees, and wastewater, which can pose significant environmental and economic challenges. Among these, GP stands out not only as a waste product but also as a rich source of polyphenols-bioactive compounds with recognized antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Recent advancements have expanded the application of GP-derived extracts, particularly in the health and food industries, due to their potent bioactive properties. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the valorization of GP, focusing on its phenolic composition and therapeutic potential. It evokes innovative, environmentally friendly extraction techniques and integrated methods for the chemical analysis of these valuable compounds. Additionally, the health benefits of GP polyphenols are explored, with recent experimental findings examining their metabolism and highlighting the key role of gut microbiota in these processes. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of the biological activity of GP extracts and underscore their growing significance as a high-added-value product. By illustrating how winemaking by-products can be transformed into natural therapeutic agents, this review emphasizes the importance of sustainable development and eco-friendly waste management practices, significantly contributing to the advancement of a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pierre-Louis Teissedre
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR 1366, OENO, ISVV, F-33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (A.K.); (A.-L.G.); (M.J.)
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24
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Letulle C, Toublet FX, Pinon A, Hba S, Laurent A, Sol V, Fagnère C, Rioux B, Allais F, Michallet S, Lafanechère L, Limami Y, Oudghiri M, Othman M, Daïch A, Liagre B, Lawson AM, Pouget C. Synthesis and Antiproliferative Effect of 3,4,5-Trimethoxylated Chalcones on Colorectal and Prostatic Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1207. [PMID: 39338369 PMCID: PMC11434868 DOI: 10.3390/ph17091207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of designing innovative anticancer agents, the synthesis of a series of chalcones bearing a 3,4,5-trimethoxylated A ring and a variety of B rings, including phenols and original heterocycles such as chromones, was conducted. For this end, Claisen-Schmidt condensation was performed in basic or acidic conditions between the common starting material 3,4,5-trimethoxyacetophenone and appropriate aldehydes; this allowed the recovery of fifteen chalcones in moderate-good yields. The synthesized compounds were screened for their antiproliferative activity against colorectal and prostatic cancer cells, using a colorimetric MTT assay. Among the new chromonyl series, chalcone 13 demonstrates an interesting antiproliferative effect, with IC50 values in the range of 2.6-5.1 µM at 48 h. Then, our study evidenced that indolyl chalcone 10 exhibits excellent activity towards the selected cell lines (with IC50 less than 50 nM). This compound has already been described and has been shown to be a potent anticancer agent against other cancer cell lines. Our investigations highlighted apoptosis induction, through several pro-apoptotic markers, of these two heterocyclic chalcones. Considering phenolic chalcones, compounds 2 and 8 were found to be the most active against cell proliferation, exerting their effect by inducing the depolymerization of cell microtubules. The most promising compounds in this series will be selected for application in a strategy of vectorization by either active or passive targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Letulle
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, Faculty of Pharmacy, F-87000 Limoges, France; (C.L.); (F.-X.T.); (A.P.); (S.H.); (A.L.); (V.S.); (C.F.); (B.R.); (B.L.)
- Université Le Havre Normandie, Normandie Univ, URCOM UR 3221, INC3M, FR CNRS 3038, 25 Rue Philippe Lebon, BP 1123, F-76063 Le Havre Cedex, France; (M.O.); (A.D.)
| | - François-Xavier Toublet
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, Faculty of Pharmacy, F-87000 Limoges, France; (C.L.); (F.-X.T.); (A.P.); (S.H.); (A.L.); (V.S.); (C.F.); (B.R.); (B.L.)
| | - Aline Pinon
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, Faculty of Pharmacy, F-87000 Limoges, France; (C.L.); (F.-X.T.); (A.P.); (S.H.); (A.L.); (V.S.); (C.F.); (B.R.); (B.L.)
| | - Soufyane Hba
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, Faculty of Pharmacy, F-87000 Limoges, France; (C.L.); (F.-X.T.); (A.P.); (S.H.); (A.L.); (V.S.); (C.F.); (B.R.); (B.L.)
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, B.P. 2693, Maarif, Casablanca 20100, Morocco; (Y.L.); (M.O.)
| | - Aurélie Laurent
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, Faculty of Pharmacy, F-87000 Limoges, France; (C.L.); (F.-X.T.); (A.P.); (S.H.); (A.L.); (V.S.); (C.F.); (B.R.); (B.L.)
| | - Vincent Sol
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, Faculty of Pharmacy, F-87000 Limoges, France; (C.L.); (F.-X.T.); (A.P.); (S.H.); (A.L.); (V.S.); (C.F.); (B.R.); (B.L.)
| | - Catherine Fagnère
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, Faculty of Pharmacy, F-87000 Limoges, France; (C.L.); (F.-X.T.); (A.P.); (S.H.); (A.L.); (V.S.); (C.F.); (B.R.); (B.L.)
| | - Benjamin Rioux
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, Faculty of Pharmacy, F-87000 Limoges, France; (C.L.); (F.-X.T.); (A.P.); (S.H.); (A.L.); (V.S.); (C.F.); (B.R.); (B.L.)
| | - Florent Allais
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB (Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie), AgroParisTech, F-51110 Pomacle, France;
| | - Sophie Michallet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team Cytoskeletal Dynamics and Nuclear Functions, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (S.M.); (L.L.)
| | - Laurence Lafanechère
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team Cytoskeletal Dynamics and Nuclear Functions, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (S.M.); (L.L.)
| | - Youness Limami
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, B.P. 2693, Maarif, Casablanca 20100, Morocco; (Y.L.); (M.O.)
- Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat 26000, Morocco
| | - Mounia Oudghiri
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, B.P. 2693, Maarif, Casablanca 20100, Morocco; (Y.L.); (M.O.)
| | - Mohamed Othman
- Université Le Havre Normandie, Normandie Univ, URCOM UR 3221, INC3M, FR CNRS 3038, 25 Rue Philippe Lebon, BP 1123, F-76063 Le Havre Cedex, France; (M.O.); (A.D.)
| | - Adam Daïch
- Université Le Havre Normandie, Normandie Univ, URCOM UR 3221, INC3M, FR CNRS 3038, 25 Rue Philippe Lebon, BP 1123, F-76063 Le Havre Cedex, France; (M.O.); (A.D.)
| | - Bertrand Liagre
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, Faculty of Pharmacy, F-87000 Limoges, France; (C.L.); (F.-X.T.); (A.P.); (S.H.); (A.L.); (V.S.); (C.F.); (B.R.); (B.L.)
| | - Ata Martin Lawson
- Université Le Havre Normandie, Normandie Univ, URCOM UR 3221, INC3M, FR CNRS 3038, 25 Rue Philippe Lebon, BP 1123, F-76063 Le Havre Cedex, France; (M.O.); (A.D.)
| | - Christelle Pouget
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, Faculty of Pharmacy, F-87000 Limoges, France; (C.L.); (F.-X.T.); (A.P.); (S.H.); (A.L.); (V.S.); (C.F.); (B.R.); (B.L.)
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25
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Mohd Zahid NII, Syed Othman SMI, Mustaffa AF, Ismail I, Che-Othman MH. Fine-tuning plant valuable secondary metabolite biosynthesis via small RNA manipulation: strategies and potential. PLANTA 2024; 260:89. [PMID: 39254898 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04521-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Plants produce secondary metabolites that serve various functions, including defense against biotic and abiotic stimuli. Many of these secondary metabolites possess valuable applications in diverse fields, including medicine, cosmetic, agriculture, and food and beverage industries, exhibiting their importance in both plant biology and various human needs. Small RNAs (sRNA), such as microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA), have been shown to play significant roles in regulating the metabolic pathways post-transcriptionally by targeting specific key genes and transcription factors, thus offering a promising tool for enhancing plant secondary metabolite biosynthesis. In this review, we summarize current approaches for manipulating sRNAs to regulate secondary metabolite biosynthesis in plants. We provide an overview of the latest research strategies for sRNA manipulation across diverse plant species, including the identification of potential sRNAs involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis in non-model plants. We also highlight the potential future research directions, focusing on the manipulation of sRNAs to produce high-value compounds with applications in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, agriculture, cosmetics, and other industries. By exploring these advanced techniques, we aim to unlock new potentials for biotechnological applications, contributing to the production of high-value plant-derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Irdina Izzatie Mohd Zahid
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syed Muhammad Iqbal Syed Othman
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Arif Faisal Mustaffa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ismanizan Ismail
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Hafiz Che-Othman
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Ma P, Yuan L, Jia S, Zhou Z, Xu D, Huang S, Meng F, Zhang Z, Nan Y. Lonicerae Japonicae Flos with the homology of medicine and food: a review of active ingredients, anticancer mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, quality control, toxicity and applications. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1446328. [PMID: 39314630 PMCID: PMC11417411 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1446328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (LJF, called Jinyinhua in China), comes from the dried flower buds or flowers to be opened of Lonicera japonica Thunb. in the Lonicera family. It has a long history of medicinal use and has a wide range of application prospects. As modern research advances, an increasing number of scientific experiments have demonstrated the anticancer potential of LJF. However, there is a notable absence of systematic reports detailing the anti-tumor effects of LJF. This review integrates the principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) with contemporary pharmacological techniques, drawing upon literature from authoritative databases such as PubMed, CNKI, and WanFang to conduct a comprehensive study of LJF. Notably, a total of 507 compounds have been isolated and characterized from the plant to date, which include volatile oils, organic acids, flavonoids, iridoids, triterpenes and triterpenoid saponins. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated that LJF extract, along with components such as chlorogenic acid, luteolin, rutin, luteoloside, hyperoside and isochlorogenic acid, exhibits potential anticancer activities. Consequently, we have conducted a comprehensive review and summary of the mechanisms of action and clinical applications of these components. Furthermore, we have detailed the pharmacokinetics, quality control, and toxicity of LJF, while also discussing its prospective applications in the fields of biomedicine and preventive healthcare. It is hoped that these studies will provide valuable reference for the clinical research, development, and application of LJF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ma
- Pharmacy Department, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shumin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ziying Zhou
- Pharmacy Department, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Duojie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shicong Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Fandi Meng
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Chinese Medical Gastrointestinal, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Nan
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
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27
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Koch W, Zagórska J, Michalak-Tomczyk M, Karav S, Wawruszak A. Plant Phenolics in the Prevention and Therapy of Acne: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2024; 29:4234. [PMID: 39275081 PMCID: PMC11397085 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29174234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants are a rich source of secondary metabolites, among which phenolics are the most abundant. To date, over 8000 various polyphenolic compounds have been identified in plant species, among which phenolic acids, flavonoids, coumarins, stilbenes and lignans are the most important ones. Acne is one of the most commonly treated dermatological diseases, among which acne vulgaris and rosacea are the most frequently diagnosed. In the scientific literature, there is a lack of a detailed scientific presentation and discussion on the importance of plant phenolics in the treatment of the most common specific skin diseases, e.g., acne. Therefore, the aim of this review is to gather, present and discuss the current state of knowledge on the activity of various plant phenolics towards the prevention and treatment of acne, including in vitro, in vivo and human studies. It was revealed that because of their significant antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, phenolic compounds may be used in the treatment of various types of acne, individually as well as in combination with commonly used drugs like clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide. Among the various phenolics that have been tested, EGCG, quercetin and nobiletin seem to be the most promising ones; however, more studies, especially clinical trials, are needed to fully evaluate their efficacy in treating acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Koch
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Zagórska
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Michalak-Tomczyk
- Department of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1I Street, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sercan Karav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17000, Türkiye
| | - Anna Wawruszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Lam HYP, Huang YT, Liang TR, Peng SY. In vivo screening of flavonoid compounds revealed quercetin as a potential drug to improve recovery of angiostrongyliasis after albendazole treatment. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012526. [PMID: 39348380 PMCID: PMC11476796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 10/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Human angiostrongyliasis, caused by consuming the larva stage of Angiostrongylus cantonensis, is an infectious disease involving the central nervous system (CNS) and ophthalmic system. Current treatment of angiostrongyliasis involves albendazole accompanied by analgesics and corticosteroids. However, long-term use of corticosteroids may lead to significant adverse effects. In the current study, we screened through different potentially effective flavonoid compounds and identified quercetin as an effective anti-inflammatory agent in an angiostrongyliasis mouse model. Our results identified that quercetin may reverse the neurological defects in mice with angiostrongyliasis. The brain pathology and inflammatory status were also improved by albendazole-quercetin co-therapy. Further analysis showed that albendazole-quercetin co-therapy had a better therapeutic effect than albendazole or quercetin monotherapy. This therapeutic effect was achieved by inhibiting the brain inflammasome activation and apoptosis. Albendazole-quercetin co-therapy also leads to the inhibition of brain IL-5, possibly leading to improved pathology. Our results here proved that quercetin may serve as a potential adjuvant drug in treating human angiostrongyliasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yin Pekkle Lam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ruei Liang
- PhD Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Peng
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Raza W, Meena A, Luqman S. Diosmetin: A dietary flavone as modulator of signaling pathways in cancer progression. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:1627-1642. [PMID: 38888206 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Flavonoids, constituting the most extensive category of polyphenols, founds in a variety of plants and comprise over 9000 compounds. Diosmetin, O-methylated flavone (3',5,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone) of flavonoid aglycone diosmin have witnessed a significant surge in recent years. Many studies showed that flavonoids induced cytotoxicity in different organ specific cancer types. Thus, current review evaluates the anticancer potential of diosmetin and shed light on its mechanism of action such as cell cycle regulation, apoptosis via both intrinsic and extrinsic pathway, autophagy and tumour progression and metastasis. It also provides comprehensive analysis of different cancer targets and their role in breast, colon, hepatic, gliomas, leukemia, lung, prostate and skin cancer. Combination studies of diosmetin to improve drug sensitivity and reduce toxicity towards normal cells has been also discussed. Besides, in vitro studies, present review also discuss the anticancer potential of diosmetin on xenograft mice model. Different natural sources of diosmetin, limitations, pharmacokinetic analysis and toxicity study also summarized in current review. The emphasis on enhancing solubility and permeability for clinical utility has been thoroughly highlighted with particular attention given to the utilization of nano formulations to overcome existing barriers. At last, in-depth analysis of current challenges and a forward-looking perspective deliberated to address the existing gaps and position it as a promising lead compound for clinical applications in cancer treatment. This discussion is boosted by diosmetin's potential anticancer properties on different cancers, makes valuable candidates in the ongoing quest for effective therapeutic interventions against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Raza
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Abha Meena
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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30
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Yuan N, Chen Y, Yan Y, Wang F, Xu X, Wang M, Diao J, Xiao W. Myricetin alleviates renal tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition via NOX4/NF- κB/snail axis in diabetic nephropathy based on network pharmacology analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35234. [PMID: 39224244 PMCID: PMC11367043 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a leading cause of end-stage renal disease, remains a formidable challenge in diabetes management due to the complex nature of its pathogenesis, particularly the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Our innovative study leverages network pharmacology to explore the therapeutic potentials of Myricetin, a natural flavonoid, focusing on its effects against NOX4, a critical mediator in DN progression. This investigation marks a pioneering approach by integrating network pharmacology to predict and elucidate the inhibitory relationship between Myricetin and NOX4. Utilizing a high-fat diet/streptozotocin (HFD/STZ) induced DN mouse model, we delved into the effects of Myricetin on renal EMT processes. Through network pharmacology analyses coupled with molecular docking studies, we identified and confirmed Myricetin's binding efficacy to NOX4. Extensive in vitro and in vivo experiments further established Myricetin's significant impact on mitigating EMT by modulating the NOX4-NF-κB-Snail signaling pathway. Results from our research demonstrated notable improvements in renal function and reductions in tissue fibrosis among treated HFD/STZ mice. By curtailing NOX4 expression, Myricetin effectively reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, thereby inhibiting NF-κB activation and subsequent Snail expression, crucial steps in the EMT pathway. Supported by both theoretical predictions and empirical validations, this study unveils the mechanism underlying Myricetin's modulation of EMT in DN through disrupting the NOX4-NF-κB-Snail axis. These findings not only contribute a new therapeutic avenue for DN treatment but also underscore the utility of network pharmacology in advancing drug discovery processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Yuan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yuchi Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yangtian Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Fujing Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Xinyao Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Mingqing Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jianxin Diao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
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31
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Chavan RR, Singh AP. The structural organization of the outer tissues in the gametophytic stem of the umbrella moss Hypnodendron menziesii optimizes load bearing. PLANTA 2024; 260:73. [PMID: 39150569 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04503-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The ultrastructural design and biochemical organization of the significantly thickened outer tissues of the gametophytic stem of Hypnodendron menziesii optimizes load bearing of the stem. Hypnodendron menziesii is a bryoid umbrella moss growing in high humid conditions on the forest floors of New Zealand. The erect gametophyte bears up to eight whorls of branches in succession, spreading across the stem that bears the heavy weight of branches with highly hydrated leaves. Our investigation using a combination of light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and TEM-immunolabeling techniques provided novel information on the structural design and biochemical organization of greatly thickened cell walls of epidermal, hypodermal, and outermost cortical tissues, comparing underlying thin-walled cortical tissues in the gametophytic stem. Probing into the ultrastructure of the cell wall architecture of these target tissues by TEM and SEM revealed the cell walls to display a multilamellar organization, in addition to demonstrating the presence of an electron-dense substance in the cell wall, presumably flavonoids. The pattern of distribution and concentration of rhamnogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, and heteromannan, as determined by immunogold labeling, suggests that it is the combination of structural and molecular design of the cell wall that may optimize the mechanical function of the epidermal, hypodermal, and outer cortical tissues. Statistical relationships between the overall thickness of epidermal, hypodermal, and outer cortical cell walls, the lumen area of cells and the percentage area of cell wall occupied in these tissues at different heights of the stem, and thickness of secondary cell wall layers (L1-L4/5) were explored. The results of these analyses unequivocally support the contribution of outer tissues to the mechanical strength of the resilient stem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh R Chavan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Adya P Singh
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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32
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Rocha S, Luísa Corvo M, Freitas M, Fernandes E. Liposomal quercetin: A promising strategy to combat hepatic insulin resistance and inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Pharm 2024; 661:124441. [PMID: 38977164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
In type 2 diabetes mellitus, hepatic insulin resistance is intricately associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Nonetheless, the lack of therapeutic interventions directly targeting hepatic dysfunction represents a notable gap in current treatment options. Flavonoids have been explored due to their potential antidiabetic effects. However, these compounds are associated with low bioavailability and high metabolization. In the present study, four flavonoids, kaempferol, quercetin, kaempferol-7-O-glucoside and quercetin-7-O-glucoside, were studied in a cellular model of hepatic insulin resistance using HepG2 cells. Quercetin was selected as the most promising flavonoid and incorporated into liposomes to enhance its therapeutic effect. Quercetin liposomes had a mean size of 0.12 µm, with an incorporation efficiency of 93 %. Quercetin liposomes exhibited increased efficacy in modulating insulin resistance. This was achieved through the modulation of Akt expression and the attenuation of inflammation, particularly via the NF-κB pathway, as well as the regulation of PGE2 and COX-2 expression. Furthermore, quercetin liposomes displayed a significant advantage over free quercetin in attenuating the production of reactive pro-oxidant species. These findings open new avenues for developing innovative therapeutic strategies to manage diabetes, emphasizing the potential of quercetin liposomes as a promising approach for targeting both hepatic insulin resistance and associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Rocha
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Luísa Corvo
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Marisa Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Păcularu-Burada B, Cîrîc AI, Begea M. Anti-Aging Effects of Flavonoids from Plant Extracts. Foods 2024; 13:2441. [PMID: 39123632 PMCID: PMC11311508 DOI: 10.3390/foods13152441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a natural and irreversible process, affecting living organisms by negatively impacting the tissues' and cells' morphology and functionality and consequently being responsible for aging-related diseases. Taking into account the actual preoccupations of both consumers and researchers, healthy anti-aging alternatives are being intensively studied in order to address such concerns. Due to their functional features, plant flavonoids can be considered valuable nutraceuticals. This paper highlights the possibilities to use flavonoids extracted from various plants for their anti-aging potential on the skin, brain, and heart. Moreover, their anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic properties are summarized, along with the senescence-associated mechanisms. Both the nutraceutical and cosmeceutical fields are continuously developing and flavonoids originating from plants are promising candidates to obtain such products. Thus, the bioactive compounds' extraction and their subsequent involvement in innovative product manufacturing must be carefully performed while being aware of the various intrinsic and extrinsic factors that may affect the phytochemicals' structures, bioavailability, and health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Păcularu-Burada
- ICA Research & Development S.R.L., 202 Splaiul Independenței, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Dan Voiculescu Foundation for the Development of Romania, 011885 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru-Ionuț Cîrîc
- Faculty of Biotechnical Systems Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independenței, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mihaela Begea
- Faculty of Biotechnical Systems Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independenței, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
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34
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Nagahawatta DP, Liyanage NM, Jayawardena TU, Jeon YJ. Marine Polyphenols in Cardiovascular Health: Unraveling Structure-Activity Relationships, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8419. [PMID: 39125987 PMCID: PMC11312663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are responsible for significant mortality rates globally that have been raised due to the limitation of the available treatments and prevalence of CVDs. The innovative research and identification of potential preventives for CVDs are essential to alleviate global deaths and complications. The marine environment is a rich source of bioactive substances and provides a unique chemical arsenal against numerous ailments due to its unrivaled biodiversity. Marine polyphenolic compounds (MPCs) are unique because of their structural variety and biologically significant activity. Further, MPCs are well-reported for their valuable biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and antioxidant, demonstrating encouraging results in preventing and treating CVDs. Therefore, investigation of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) between MPCs and CVDs provides insights that reveal how the structural components of these compounds affect their effectiveness. Further, comprehending this correlation is essential for advancing medications and nutraceuticals sourced from marine sources, which could transform the strategy for treating and preventing cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of existing research by emphasizing the role of MPCs in CVD treatments and evaluating the SAR between MPCs and CVDs with challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. P. Nagahawatta
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; (D.P.N.); (N.M.L.)
| | - N. M. Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; (D.P.N.); (N.M.L.)
| | | | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; (D.P.N.); (N.M.L.)
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63333, Republic of Korea
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35
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Trendafilova I, Popova M. Porous Silica Nanomaterials as Carriers of Biologically Active Natural Polyphenols: Effect of Structure and Surface Modification. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:1004. [PMID: 39204349 PMCID: PMC11359489 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16081004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
For centuries, humans have relied on natural products to prevent and treat numerous health issues. However, biologically active compounds from natural sources, such as polyphenols, face considerable challenges, due to their low solubility, rapid metabolism, and instability, which hinder their effectiveness. Advances in the nanotechnologies have provided solutions to overcoming these problems through the use of porous silica materials as polyphenol carriers. These materials possess unique properties, such as a high specific surface area, adjustable particle and pore sizes, and a surface that can be easily and selectively modified, which favor their application in delivery systems of polyphenols. In this review, we summarize and discuss findings on how the pore and particle size, structure, and surface modification of silica materials influence the preparation of efficient delivery systems for biologically active polyphenols from natural origins. The available data demonstrate how parameters such as adsorption capacity, release and antioxidant properties, bioavailability, solubility, stability, etc., of the studied delivery systems could be affected by the structural and chemical characteristics of the porous silica carriers. Results in the literature confirm that by regulating the structure and selecting the appropriate surface modifications, the health benefits of the loaded bioactive molecules can be significantly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivalina Trendafilova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, BG-1000 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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36
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Shi Y, Gao Z, Xu B, Mao J, Wang Y, Liu Z, Wang J. Protective effect of naringenin on cadmium chloride-induced renal injury via alleviating oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy in chickens. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1440877. [PMID: 39070780 PMCID: PMC11275578 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1440877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly hazardous toxic substance that can cause serious harm to animals. Previous studies have indicated that cadmium chloride (CdCl2) can damage organs, such as the liver, ovaries, and testicles. Naringenin (Nar) represents a flavonoid with various properties that promote the alleviation of Cd-induced damage. In this experiment, 60 chickens were divided into the control group, 150 mg/kg CdCl2 treatment group, 250 mg/kg Nar treatment group, and 150 mg/kg CdCl2 + 250 mg/kg Nar co-treatment group, which were treated for 8 weeks. Kidney tissues samples were collected to investigate kidney function, including oxidative stress (OS), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and autophagy activity. Experimental results showed the decreased weight of chickens and increased relative weight of their kidneys after CdCl2 treatment. The increase in NAG, BUN, Cr, and UA activities, as well as the increase in MDA and GSH contents, and the decrease activities of T-AOC, SOD, and CAT in the kidney, manifested renal injury by OS in the chickens. TUNEL staining revealed that CdCl2 induced apoptosis in renal cells. CdCl2 upregulates the mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP78, PERK, eIF2α, ATF4, ATF6, CHOP, and LC3, and inhibited the mRNA and protein expression levels of P62 proteins, which leads to ER stress and autophagy. The CdCl2 + Nar co-treatment group exhibited alleviated CdCl2-induced kidney injury, OS, ER stress, and autophagy. Research has demonstrated that Nar reduces CdCl2-induced kidney injury through alleviation of OS, ER stress, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhixin Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Bing Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Junbing Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jicang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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37
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L’Abbate S, Kusmic C. The Protective Effect of Flavonoids in the Diet on Autophagy-Related Cardiac Impairment. Nutrients 2024; 16:2207. [PMID: 39064651 PMCID: PMC11279826 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The compounds known as flavonoids, commonly found in fruits, vegetables, legumes, medicinal herbs, chocolate, and coffee and tea beverages, have been extensively researched for their impact on cardiovascular health. Flavonoids, with their demonstrated potential, have shown promising effects in regulating blood vessel function and apoptotic processes, as well as in improving lipid profiles. While their powerful antioxidant properties were initially thought to be the main reason behind these effects, recent studies have uncovered new insights into the positive effects of flavonoids on cardiovascular health, and researchers have now identified several signaling pathways and mechanisms that also play a role. Of particular interest are the studies that have highlighted the role of autophagy in maintaining the physiological functions of cardiomyocytes and protecting them from harm. Recent publications have linked the dysregulation of autophagic processes with the development of cardiomyopathies, heart failure, and other cardiovascular diseases. This review aims to present the latest, novel findings from preclinical research regarding the potential beneficial effects of flavonoids on various heart conditions associated with altered autophagy processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Kusmic
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy;
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38
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Hadi N, Drioiche A, Bouchra EM, Baammi S, Abdelaziz Shahat A, Tagnaout I, Radi M, Remok F, Bouzoubaa A, Zair T. Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Essential Oils and Seed Extracts of Anethum graveolens from Southern Morocco: In Vitro and In Silico Approach for a Natural Alternative to Synthetic Preservatives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:862. [PMID: 39065713 PMCID: PMC11280095 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Anethum graveolens is an aromatic plant traditionally used as an antispasmodic and carminative. The objective of this study is to analyze the chemical composition of the essential oils and extracts obtained from seeds gathered in Errachidia, southern Morocco. Additionally, the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of these oils and extracts will be evaluated. GC-MS analysis of the EO isolated by hydrodistillation revealed that its main compounds were E-anethole (38.13%), estragole (29.32%), fenchone (17.21%), and α-pinene (7.37%). The phenolic components were extracted using the methods of decoction and Soxhlet. The assay of the phenolic compounds showed that A. graveolens seeds contained considerable amounts of polyphenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins, with variable levels depending on the extract analyzed. HPLC/UV-ESI-MS analyses performed on the decoction revealed a structural diversity of the molecules present in this extract, the most important of which were umbelliferone (12.35%), 3-hydroxyflavone (11.23%), rosmanol (8.95%), biotin (8.36%), emmotin H (4.91%), and coumarin (4.21%). The antioxidant activity, as determined by three techniques (DPPH•, FRAP, and CAT), demonstrated that the essential oils (EOs) and extracts had a potent capacity to counteract detrimental free radicals, control the generation of reactive oxygen species, and mitigate oxidative damages. The antimicrobial activity of the Eos and extracts was carried out in a liquid medium against five strains (E. cloacae, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis) and four candidiasis (C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis) and Aspergillus niger. The results showed the effectiveness of the EOs compared to the aqueous, ethanolic, and decoction extracts against most of the microorganisms tested. In addition, the ethanolic extract showed antifungal activity that was distinguished from that of the other extracts. The antimicrobial efficacy of the essential oils under study can primarily be attributed to the synergistic interactions among its three principal constituents (E-anethole, estragole, and fenchone). Furthermore, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation results reveal significant interactions and stability between the selected bioactive compounds and different target proteins involved in antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Compounds like 3-hydroxyflavone, emmotin H, trans-caftaric acid, methyl rosmarinate, 1-caffeoyl-beta-D-glucose, and kaempferol exhibited better binding energies with the explored proteins, indicating their potential as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. Finally, our findings emphasize the significance of A. graveolens seeds as a promising reservoir of advantageous health compounds that can serve as organic substitutes for the presently employed synthetic preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Hadi
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (N.H.); (E.M.B.); (I.T.); (M.R.); (F.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Aziz Drioiche
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (N.H.); (E.M.B.); (I.T.); (M.R.); (F.R.); (A.B.)
| | - El Moumen Bouchra
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (N.H.); (E.M.B.); (I.T.); (M.R.); (F.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Soukayna Baammi
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, College of Computing, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco;
| | | | - Imane Tagnaout
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (N.H.); (E.M.B.); (I.T.); (M.R.); (F.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Mohamed Radi
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (N.H.); (E.M.B.); (I.T.); (M.R.); (F.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Fidaous Remok
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (N.H.); (E.M.B.); (I.T.); (M.R.); (F.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Amal Bouzoubaa
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (N.H.); (E.M.B.); (I.T.); (M.R.); (F.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Touriya Zair
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (N.H.); (E.M.B.); (I.T.); (M.R.); (F.R.); (A.B.)
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Zalaltdinova AV, Sadykova YM, Gazizov AS, Smailov AK, Syakaev VV, Gerasimova DP, Chugunova EA, Akylbekov NI, Zhapparbergenov RU, Appazov NO, Burilov AR, Pudovik MA, Alabugin IV, Sinyashin OG. Superelectrophilic Activation of Phosphacoumarins towards Weak Nucleophiles via Brønsted Acid Assisted Brønsted Acid Catalysis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6327. [PMID: 38928034 PMCID: PMC11203683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The electrophilic activation of various substrates via double or even triple protonation in superacidic media enables reactions with extremely weak nucleophiles. Despite the significant progress in this area, the utility of organophosphorus compounds as superelectrophiles still remains limited. Additionally, the most common superacids require a special care due to their high toxicity, exceptional corrosiveness and moisture sensitivity. Herein, we report the first successful application of the "Brønsted acid assisted Brønsted acid" concept for the superelectrophilic activation of 2-hydroxybenzo[e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 2-oxides (phosphacoumarins). The pivotal role is attributed to the tendency of the phosphoryl moiety to form hydrogen-bonded complexes, which enables the formation of dicationic species and increases the electrophilicity of the phosphacoumarin. This unmasks the reactivity of phosphacoumarins towards non-activated aromatics, while requiring only relatively non-benign trifluoroacetic acid as the reaction medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena V. Zalaltdinova
- FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Arbuzova Str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.Z.); (V.V.S.); (D.P.G.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Yulia M. Sadykova
- FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Arbuzova Str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.Z.); (V.V.S.); (D.P.G.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Almir S. Gazizov
- FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Arbuzova Str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.Z.); (V.V.S.); (D.P.G.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Atabek K. Smailov
- Kazan National Research Technological University, Karl Marx Str., 68, 420015 Kazan, Russia
| | - Victor V. Syakaev
- FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Arbuzova Str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.Z.); (V.V.S.); (D.P.G.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Daria P. Gerasimova
- FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Arbuzova Str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.Z.); (V.V.S.); (D.P.G.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Elena A. Chugunova
- FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Arbuzova Str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.Z.); (V.V.S.); (D.P.G.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Nurgali I. Akylbekov
- Laboratory of Engineering Profile “Physical and Chemical Methods of Analysis”, Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Aitekebie Str., 29A, Kyzylorda 120014, Kazakhstan; (N.I.A.)
- “CNEC” LLP, Dariger Ali Str., Kyzylorda 120001, Kazakhstan
| | - Rakhmetulla U. Zhapparbergenov
- Laboratory of Engineering Profile “Physical and Chemical Methods of Analysis”, Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Aitekebie Str., 29A, Kyzylorda 120014, Kazakhstan; (N.I.A.)
- “DPS Kyzylorda” LLP, Amangeldy Imanov Str., 112A, Kyzylorda 120008, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurbol O. Appazov
- Laboratory of Engineering Profile “Physical and Chemical Methods of Analysis”, Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Aitekebie Str., 29A, Kyzylorda 120014, Kazakhstan; (N.I.A.)
- “CNEC” LLP, Dariger Ali Str., Kyzylorda 120001, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexander R. Burilov
- FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Arbuzova Str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.Z.); (V.V.S.); (D.P.G.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Michail A. Pudovik
- FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Arbuzova Str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.Z.); (V.V.S.); (D.P.G.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Oleg G. Sinyashin
- FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Arbuzova Str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.Z.); (V.V.S.); (D.P.G.); (A.R.B.)
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Kumar NK, Geervani VS, Kumar RSM, Singh S, Abhishek M, Manimozhi M. Data-driven dentistry: Computational revelations redefining pulp capping. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2024; 27:649-653. [PMID: 38989489 PMCID: PMC11232773 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_268_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Pulpal and periradicular diseases stem from immune reactions to microbiota, causing inflammation. Limited blood supply hampers dental pulp self-healing. Managing inflammation involves eliminating bacteria and reducing pro-inflammatory mediators especially MMP-9, which has a significant correlation with pulpitis. s. Flavonoids like Hesperidin, Baicalein, Epigallocatechin gallate, Genistein, Icariin, and Quercetin show potential for pulp capping. Aim This in-silico study compares various Flavonoids for their anti-inflammatory effects on MMP-9, with Chlorhexidine as a control, a known MMP-9 inhibitor. Materials and Methods Protein and Ligand Preparation: The human MMP-9 catalytic domain (PDB ID: 4XCT) structure was retrieved, and necessary modifications were made. Flavonoids from PubChem database were prepared for docking using AutoDock Vina. A grid for docking was created, and molecular dynamics simulations were conducted using Gromacs-2019.4 with GROMOS96 force field. Trajectory analysis was performed, and MM-PBSA calculation determined binding free energies. Results Analysis of MMP-9 and ligand interactions revealed Hesperidin's high binding affinity, forming numerous hydrogen bonds with specific amino acids. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed stability, with RMSD, RMSF, Rg, and SASA indicating consistent complex behaviour over 100 ns. MM-PBSA calculation affirmed favourable energy contributions in MMP-9-Hesperidin interactions. Conclusion MMP-9 plays a crucial role in prognosis of pulpitis. Incorporating MMP-9 inhibitors into pulp capping agents may enhance therapeutic efficacy. Hesperidin emerges as a potent MMP-9 inhibitor, warranting further in vivo validation against other agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kiran Kumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - V Swetha Geervani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - R S Mohan Kumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Priyadarshini Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shishir Singh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Terna Dental College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - M Abhishek
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - M Manimozhi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Lv H, Qian D, Xu S, Fan G, Qian Q, Cha D, Qian X, Zhou G, Lu B. Modulation of long noncoding RNAs by polyphenols as a novel potential therapeutic approach in lung cancer: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2024; 38:3240-3267. [PMID: 38739454 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer stands as a formidable global health challenge, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies. Polyphenols, bioactive compounds synthesized by plants, have garnered attention for their diverse health benefits, particularly in combating various cancers, including lung cancer. The advent of whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing technologies has illuminated the pivotal roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), operating at epigenetic, transcriptional, and posttranscriptional levels, in cancer progression. This review comprehensively explores the impact of polyphenols on both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive lncRNAs in lung cancer, elucidating on their intricate regulatory mechanisms. The comprehensive examination extends to the potential synergies when combining polyphenols with conventional treatments like chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy. Recognizing the heterogeneity of lung cancer subtypes, the review emphasizes the need for the integration of nanotechnology for optimized polyphenol delivery and personalized therapeutic approaches. In conclusion, we collect the latest research, offering a holistic overview of the evolving landscape of polyphenol-mediated modulation of lncRNAs in lung cancer therapy. The integration of polyphenols and lncRNAs into multidimensional treatment strategies holds promise for enhancing therapeutic efficacy and navigating the challenges associated with lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lv
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taicang TCM Hospital, Taicang, China
| | - Dawei Qian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongling Yi'an District People's Hospital, Tongling, China
| | - Shuhua Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Dongtai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongtai, China
| | - Guiqin Fan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taicang TCM Hospital, Taicang, China
| | - Qiuhong Qian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taicang TCM Hospital, Taicang, China
| | - Dongsheng Cha
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongling Yi'an District People's Hospital, Tongling, China
| | - Xingjia Qian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taicang TCM Hospital, Taicang, China
| | - Guoping Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Dongtai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongtai, China
| | - Bing Lu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taicang TCM Hospital, Taicang, China
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Sati P, Dhyani P, Sharma E, Attri DC, Jantwal A, Devi R, Calina D, Sharifi-Rad J. Gut Microbiota Targeted Approach by Natural Products in Diabetes Management: An Overview. Curr Nutr Rep 2024; 13:166-185. [PMID: 38498287 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00523-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review delves into the complex interplay between obesity-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), highlighting the potential of natural products in mitigating these effects. By integrating recent epidemiological data, we aim to provide a nuanced understanding of how obesity exacerbates T2DM through gut flora alterations. RECENT FINDINGS Advances in research have underscored the significance of bioactive ingredients in natural foods, capable of restoring gut microbiota balance, thus offering a promising approach to manage diabetes in the context of obesity. These findings build upon the traditional use of medicinal plants in diabetes treatment, suggesting a deeper exploration of their mechanisms of action. This comprehensive manuscript underscores the critical role of targeting gut microbiota dysbiosis in obesity-related T2DM management and by bridging traditional knowledge with current scientific evidence; we highlighted the need for continued research into natural products as a complementary strategy for comprehensive diabetes care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sati
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Praveen Dhyani
- Institute for Integrated Natural Sciences, University of Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Eshita Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Dharam Chand Attri
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Arvind Jantwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumaun University, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rajni Devi
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141004, Punjab, India
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
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Yuan H, Xun H, Wang J, Wang J, Yao X, Tang F. Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Underlying Antibacterial Mechanisms of the Phytonutrient Quercetin-Induced Fatty Acids Alteration in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 27217. Molecules 2024; 29:2266. [PMID: 38792126 PMCID: PMC11123838 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The utilization of natural products in food preservation represents a promising strategy for the dual benefits of controlling foodborne pathogens and enhancing the nutritional properties of foods. Among the phytonutrients, flavonoids have been shown to exert antibacterial effects by disrupting bacterial cell membrane functionality; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the effect of quercetin on the cell membrane permeability of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 27217. A combined metabolomic and transcriptomic approach was adopted to examine the regulatory mechanism of quercetin with respect to the fatty acid composition and associated genes. Kinetic analysis and molecular docking simulations were conducted to assess quercetin's inhibition of β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (FabG), a potential target in the bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. Metabolomic and transcriptomic results showed that quercetin increased the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids and the levels of membrane phospholipids. The bacteria reacted to quercetin-induced stress by attempting to enhance fatty acid biosynthesis; however, quercetin directly inhibited FabG activity, thereby disrupting bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of quercetin's effects on bacterial cell membranes and suggest potential applications for quercetin in bacterial inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Feng Tang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; (H.Y.); (H.X.); (J.W.); (J.W.); (X.Y.)
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Liga S, Paul C. Puerarin-A Promising Flavonoid: Biosynthesis, Extraction Methods, Analytical Techniques, and Biological Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5222. [PMID: 38791264 PMCID: PMC11121215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, a variety of plant secondary metabolites, are known for their diverse biological activities. Isoflavones are a subgroup of flavonoids that have gained attention for their potential health benefits. Puerarin is one of the bioactive isoflavones found in the Kudzu root and Pueraria genus, which is widely used in alternative Chinese medicine, and has been found to be effective in treating chronic conditions like cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases, gastric diseases, respiratory diseases, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer. Puerarin has been extensively researched and used in both scientific and clinical studies over the past few years. The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date exploration of puerarin biosynthesis, the most common extraction methods, analytical techniques, and biological effects, which have the potential to provide a new perspective for medical and pharmaceutical research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Paul
- Biocatalysis Group, Department of Applied Chemistry and Engineering of Organic and Natural Compounds, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Politehnica University Timisoara, Vasile Pârvan No. 6, 300223 Timisoara, Romania;
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Malarz J, Michalska K, Stojakowska A. Polyphenols of the Inuleae-Inulinae and Their Biological Activities: A Review. Molecules 2024; 29:2014. [PMID: 38731504 PMCID: PMC11085778 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are ubiquitous plant metabolites that demonstrate biological activities essential to plant-environment interactions. They are of interest to plant food consumers, as well as to the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. The class of the plant metabolites comprises both widespread (chlorogenic acids, luteolin, quercetin) and unique compounds of diverse chemical structures but of the common biosynthetic origin. Polyphenols next to sesquiterpenoids are regarded as the major class of the Inuleae-Inulinae metabolites responsible for the pharmacological activity of medicinal plants from the subtribe (Blumea spp., Dittrichia spp., Inula spp., Pulicaria spp. and others). Recent decades have brought a rapid development of molecular and analytical techniques which resulted in better understanding of the taxonomic relationships within the Inuleae tribe and in a plethora of data concerning the chemical constituents of the Inuleae-Inulinae. The current taxonomical classification has introduced changes in the well-established botanical names and rearranged the genera based on molecular plant genetic studies. The newly created chemical data together with the earlier phytochemical studies may provide some complementary information on biochemical relationships within the subtribe. Moreover, they may at least partly explain pharmacological activities of the plant preparations traditionally used in therapy. The current review aimed to systematize the knowledge on the polyphenols of the Inulae-Inulinae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Stojakowska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (J.M.); (K.M.)
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Zhang M, Zhang J, Xiao Q, Li Y, Jiang S. Reduction of flavonoid content in honeysuckle via Erysiphe lonicerae-mediated inhibition of three essential genes in flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1381368. [PMID: 38689843 PMCID: PMC11059088 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1381368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Honeysuckle, valued for its wide-ranging uses in medicine, cuisine, and aesthetics, faces a significant challenge in cultivation due to powdery mildew, primarily caused by the Erysiphe lonicerae pathogen. The interaction between honeysuckle and E. lonicerae, especially concerning disease progression, remains insufficiently understood. Our study, conducted in three different locations, found that honeysuckle naturally infected with E. lonicerae showed notable decreases in total flavonoid content, with reductions of 34.7%, 53.5%, and 53.8% observed in each respective site. Controlled experiments supported these findings, indicating that artificial inoculation with E. lonicerae led to a 20.9% reduction in flavonoid levels over 21 days, worsening to a 54.8% decrease by day 42. Additionally, there was a significant drop in the plant's total antioxidant capacity, reaching an 81.7% reduction 56 days after inoculation. Metabolomic analysis also revealed substantial reductions in essential medicinal components such as chlorogenic acid, luteolin, quercetin, isoquercetin, and rutin. Investigating gene expression revealed a marked decrease in the relative expression of the LjPAL1 gene, starting as early as day 7 post-inoculation and falling to a minimal level (fold change = 0.29) by day 35. This trend was mirrored by a consistent reduction in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity in honeysuckle through the entire process, which decreased by 72.3% by day 56. Further analysis showed significant and sustained repression of downstream genes LjFNHO1 and LjFNGT1, closely linked to LjPAL1. We identified the mechanism by which E. lonicerae inhibits this pathway and suggest that E. lonicerae may strategically weaken the honeysuckle's disease resistance by targeting key biosynthetic pathways, thereby facilitating further pathogen invasion. Based on our findings, we recommend two primary strategies: first, monitoring medicinal constituent levels in honeysuckle from E. lonicerae-affected areas to ensure its therapeutic effectiveness; and second, emphasizing early prevention and control measures against honeysuckle powdery mildew due to the persistent decline in crucial active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Zhang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Xiao
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yulong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
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Luo X, Chen X, Zhang L, Liu B, Xie L, Ma Y, Zhang M, Jin X. Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Bruguiera Genus and Its Endophytes: A Review. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:158. [PMID: 38667775 PMCID: PMC11050931 DOI: 10.3390/md22040158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The genus Bruguiera, a member of the Rhizophoraceae family, is predominantly found in coastal areas as a mangrove plant, boasting a rich and diverse community of endophytes. This review systematically compiled approximately 496 compounds derived from both the Bruguiera genus and its associated endophytes, including 152 terpenoids, 17 steroids, 16 sulfides, 44 alkaloids and peptides, 66 quinones, 68 polyketides, 19 flavonoids, 38 phenylpropanoids, 54 aromatic compounds, and 22 other compounds. Among these, 201 compounds exhibited a spectrum of activities, including cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antidiabetic, insecticidal and mosquito repellent, and enzyme inhibitory properties, etc. These findings provided promising lead compounds for drug discovery. Certain similar or identical compounds were found to be simultaneously present in both Bruguiera plants and their endophytes, and the phenomenon of their interaction relationship was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongming Luo
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.C.); (L.Z.); (B.L.); (L.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.C.); (L.Z.); (B.L.); (L.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Lingli Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.C.); (L.Z.); (B.L.); (L.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.C.); (L.Z.); (B.L.); (L.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Lian Xie
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.C.); (L.Z.); (B.L.); (L.X.)
| | - Yan Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.M.); (M.Z.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.M.); (M.Z.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaobao Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.M.); (M.Z.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Magadán-Corpas P, Ye S, Braune A, Villar CJ, Lombó F. Optimization of flavanonols heterologous biosynthesis in Streptomyces albidoflavus, and generation of auronols. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1378235. [PMID: 38605703 PMCID: PMC11007074 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1378235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aromadendrin and taxifolin are two flavanonols (derived from the precursor naringenin) displaying diverse beneficial properties for humans. The carbon skeleton of these flavonoids may be transformed by the human gastrointestinal microbiota into other compounds, like auronols, which exert different and interesting biological activities. While research in flavonoids has become a certainly extensive field, studies about auronols are still scarce. In this work, different versions of the key plant enzyme for flavanonols biosynthesis, The flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), has been screened for selecting the best one for the de novo production of these compounds in the bacterial factory Streptomyces albidoflavus UO-FLAV-004-NAR, a naringenin overproducer strain. This screening has rendered 2.6 μg/L of aromadendrin and 2.1 mg/L of taxifolin final production titers. Finally, the expression of the chalcone isomerase (CHI) from the gut bacterium Eubacterium ramulus has rendered a direct conversion (after feeding experiments) of 38.1% of (+)-aromadendrin into maesopsin and 74.6% of (+)-taxifolin into alphitonin. Moreover, de novo heterologous biosynthesis of 1.9 mg/L of alphitonin was accomplished by means of a co-culture strategy of a taxifolin producer S. albidoflavus and a CHI-expressing Escherichia coli, after the observation of the high instability of alphitonin in the culture medium. This study addresses the significance of culture time optimization and selection of appropriate enzymes depending on the desired final product. To our knowledge, this is the first time that alphitonin de novo production has been accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Magadán-Corpas
- Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), Oviedo, Spain
- ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Suhui Ye
- Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), Oviedo, Spain
- ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Annett Braune
- Research Group Intestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Claudio J. Villar
- Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), Oviedo, Spain
- ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Felipe Lombó
- Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), Oviedo, Spain
- ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), Oviedo, Spain
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Naderi M, Salavatiha Z, Gogoi U, Mohebbi A. An overview of anti-Hepatitis B virus flavonoids and their mechanisms of action. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1356003. [PMID: 38487354 PMCID: PMC10937540 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1356003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, a diverse group of polyphenolic compounds found in various plant-based foods, have garnered attention for their potential in combating Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection. Flavonoids have demonstrated promising anti-HBV activities by interfering with multiple stages of the HBV life cycle, making them promising candidates for novel antiviral agents. Certain plant families, such as Theaceae, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, and Gentianaceae, are of particular interest for their flavonoid-rich members with anti-HBV activities. Evidences, both in vitro and in vivo, supports the anti-HBV potential of flavonoids. These subsets of compound exert their anti-HBV effects through various mechanisms, including inhibiting viral entry, disrupting viral replication, modulating transcription factors, enhancing the immune response, and inducing autophagy. The antioxidant properties of flavonoids play a crucial role in modulating oxidative stress associated with HBV infection. Several flavonoids like epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), proanthocyanidin (PAC), hexamethoxyflavone, wogonin, and baicalin have shown significant anti-HBV potential, holding promise as therapeutic agents. Synergistic effects between flavonoids and existing antiviral therapies offer a promising approach to enhance antiviral efficacy and reduce drug resistance. Challenges, including limited bioavailability, translation from preclinical studies to clinical practice, and understanding precise targets, need to be addressed. Future research should focus on clinical trials, combination therapies, and the development of flavonoid derivatives with improved bioavailability, and optimizing their effectiveness in managing chronic HBV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Naderi
- Department of Microbiology & Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Salavatiha
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Urvashee Gogoi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Alireza Mohebbi
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Vista Aria Rena Gene Inc., Gorgan, Golestan, Iran
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50
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Kowalski S, Karska J, Tota M, Skinderowicz K, Kulbacka J, Drąg-Zalesińska M. Natural Compounds in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Prevention and Treatment. Molecules 2024; 29:728. [PMID: 38338469 PMCID: PMC10856721 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The elevated occurrence of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and the adverse effects associated with available treatments adversely impact the quality of life in multiple dimensions. In connection with this, there is a necessity for alternative approaches characterized by increased tolerance and lower side effects. Natural compounds could be employed due to their safety profile and effectiveness for inflammatory and neoplastic skin diseases. These anti-cancer drugs are often derived from natural sources such as marine, zoonotic, and botanical origins. Natural compounds should exhibit anti-carcinogenic actions through various pathways, influencing apoptosis potentiation, cell proliferation inhibition, and metastasis suppression. This review provides an overview of natural compounds used in cancer chemotherapies, chemoprevention, and promotion of skin regeneration, including polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, vitamins, alkaloids, terpenoids, isothiocyanates, cannabinoids, carotenoids, and ceramides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Kowalski
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (S.K.); (M.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Julia Karska
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Maciej Tota
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (S.K.); (M.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Skinderowicz
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (S.K.); (M.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariškių 5, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Małgorzata Drąg-Zalesińska
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chalubińskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
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