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Wyndaele PJ, de Marneffe JF, Slaets R, Groven B, Franquet A, Brüner P, Grehl T, Gendt SD. 2D TMDC aging: a case study of monolayer WS 2and mitigation strategies. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:475702. [PMID: 39178889 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad72fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Due to their unique properties, two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDCs) are considered for diverse applications in microelectronics, sensing, catalysis, to name a few. A common challenge in 2D TMDC research is the film's inherent instability i.e. spontaneous oxidation upon ambient exposure. The present study systematically explores the effect aging on the film composition and photoluminescent properties of monolayer WS2, synthetically grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The aging rate is investigated for different oxygen- (i.e. O2gas concentration and humidity) and light-controlled environments. Simple mitigation strategies that do not involve capping the 2D TMDC layer are discussed, and their effectiveness demonstrated by benchmarking the evolution in photoluminescence response against ambient exposed monolayer WS2. These results highlight the need to store 2D TMDCs in controlled environments to preserve the film quality and how future studies can account for the aging effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-J Wyndaele
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- imec, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | | | - R Slaets
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - P Brüner
- IONTOF GmbH, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - T Grehl
- IONTOF GmbH, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - S De Gendt
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- imec, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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2
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Canton-Vitoria R, Kitaura R. Insulating 6,6-Phenyl-C61-butyric Acid Methyl Ester on Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides: Impact of the Hybrid Materials on the Optical and Electrical Properties. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400150. [PMID: 38302733 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
In this study we develop a strategy to insulate 6,6 -Phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) on the basal plane of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Concretely single layers of MoS2, MoSe2, MoTe2, WS2, WSe2 and WTe2 and ultrathin MoO2 and WO2 were grown via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Then, the thiol group of a PCBM modified with cysteine reacts with the chalcogen vacancies on the basal plane of TMDs, yielding PCBM-MoS2, PCBM-MoSe2, PCBM-WS2, PCBM-WSe2, PCBM-WTe2, PCBM-MoO2 and PCBM-WO2. Afterwards, all the hybrid materials were characterized using several techniques, including XPS, Raman spectroscopy, TEM, AFM, and cyclic voltammetry. Furthermore, PCBM causes a unique optical and electrical impact in every TMDs. For MoS2 devices, the conductivity and photoluminescence (PL) emission achieve a remarkable enhancement of 1700 % and 200 % in PCBM-MoS2 hybrids. Similarly, PCBM-MoTe2 hybrids exhibit a 2-fold enhancement in PL emission at 1.1 eV. On the other hand, PCBM-MoSe2, PCBM-WSe2 and PCBM-WS2 hybrids exhibited a new interlayer exciton at 1.29-1.44, 1.7 and 1.37-154 eV along with an enhancement of the photo-response by 2400, 3200 and 600 %, respectively. Additionally, PCBM-WTe2 and PCBM-WO2 showed a modest photo-response, in sharp contrast with pristine WTe2 or WO2 which archive pure metallic character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Canton-Vitoria
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute Department of Chemistry, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635, Athens, Greec
| | - Ryo Kitaura
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
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Canton-Vitoria R, Hotta T, Xue M, Zhang S, Kitaura R. Synthesis and Characterization of Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanoribbons Based on a Controllable O 2 Etching. JACS AU 2023; 3:775-784. [PMID: 37006761 PMCID: PMC10052231 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although the synthesis of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides has been established in the last decade, synthesizing nanoribbons remains challenging. In this study, we have developed a straightforward method to obtain nanoribbons with controllable widths (25-8000 nm) and lengths (1-50 μm) by O2 etching of the metallic phase in metallic/semiconducting in-plane heterostructures of monolayer MoS2. We also successfully applied this process for synthesizing WS2, MoSe2, and WSe2 nanoribbons. Furthermore, field-effect transistors of the nanoribbons show an on/off ratio of larger than 1000, photoresponses of 1000%, and time responses of 5 s. The nanoribbons were compared with monolayer MoS2, highlighting a substantial difference in the photoluminescence emission and photoresponses. Additionally, the nanoribbons were used as a template to build one-dimensional (1D)-1D or 1D-2D heterostructures with various transition metal dichalcogenides. The process developed in this study offers simple production of nanoribbons with applications in several fields of nanotechnology and chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Canton-Vitoria
- Department
of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Theoretical
and Physical Chemistry Institute, National
Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens 116 35, Greece
| | - Takato Hotta
- Department
of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Mengsong Xue
- Department
of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shaochun Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Ryo Kitaura
- Department
of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- International
Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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Canton-Vitoria R, Sato K, Motooka Y, Toyokuni S, Liu Z, Kitaura R. Field-effect transistor antigen/antibody-TMDs sensors for the detection of COVID-19 samples. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:4570-4580. [PMID: 36762571 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06630k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We fabricated sensors by modifying the surface of MoS2 and WS2 with COVID-19 antibodies and investigated their characteristics, including stability, reusability, sensitivity, and selectivity. Thiols and disulfanes in antibodies strongly interact with vacant Mo or W sites of MoS2 or WS2, yielding durable devices that are stable for several days in the air or water. More importantly, detachment of the antibodies is suppressed even during the aggressive cleaning process of the devices at pH 3, which allows reusing the same device in several experiments without appreciable loss of sensitivity. Therefore, the nanodevice may be employed in samples of different patients. Further, we found a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 fg ml-1 at room temperature, time responses of 1 second, and selectivity against interferences such as KLH protein or Albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Canton-Vitoria
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece.
| | - Kotaro Sato
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yashiro Motooka
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Zheng Liu
- Innovative Functional Materials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Nagoya, Aichi 463-8560, Japan
| | - Ryo Kitaura
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
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Chen D, Jiang Z, Tang Y, Zhou J, Gu Y, He JJ, Yuan J. Electrical and magnetic properties of antiferromagnetic semiconductor MnSi 2N 4 monolayer. Front Chem 2022; 10:1103704. [PMID: 36569959 PMCID: PMC9781922 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1103704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional antiferromagnetic semiconductors have triggered significant attention due to their unique physical properties and broad application. Based on first-principles calculations, a novel two-dimensional (2D) antiferromagnetic material MnSi2N4 monolayer is predicted. The calculation results show that the two-dimensional MnSi2N4 prefers an antiferromagnetic state with a small band gap of 0.26 eV. MnSi2N4 has strong antiferromagnetic coupling which can be effectively tuned under strain. Interestingly, the MnSi2N4 monolayer exhibits a half-metallic ferromagnetic properties under an external magnetic field, in which the spin-up electronic state displays a metallic property, while the spin-down electronic state exhibits a semiconducting characteristic. Therefore, 100% spin polarization can be achieved. Two-dimensional MnSi2N4 monolayer has potential application in the field of high-density information storage and spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongke Chen
- School of Physics and Materials Science Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhengyu Jiang
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ying Tang
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Junlei Zhou
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuzhou Gu
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jing-Jing He
- College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaren Yuan
- School of Physics and Materials Science Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Jiaren Yuan,
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Chang YP, Li WB, Yang YC, Lu HL, Lin MF, Chiu PW, Lin KI. Oxidation and Degradation of WS 2 Monolayers Grown by NaCl-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition: Mechanism and Prevention. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:16629-16640. [PMID: 34586136 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04809k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The preservation of two-dimensional WS2 in the environment is a concern for researchers. In addition to water vapor and oxygen, the latest research points out that degradation is directly related to light absorption. Based on the selection rules of nonlinear optics, two-photon absorption is dipole forbidden in the exciton 1s states, but second-harmonic generation (SHG) is allowed with virtual transitions. According to this mechanism, we proved that SHG is an optical detection method with non-photooxidative damage and energy characteristics. With this detection method, we can explore the oxidation and degradation mechanisms of WS2 grown by NaCl-assisted chemical vapor deposition in its original state. The WS2 monolayers that use NaCl to assist in growth have undergone different degradation processes, starting to oxidize from random positions in the triangular flake. We use a photocatalytic reaction to explain the photo-induced degradation mechanism with sulfur vacancies. It was further found that WS2 grown with NaCl assistance is hydrolyzed in a dark and high-humidity environment, which does not occur in pure WS2. Finally, we demonstrated that changing the direction of the sapphire substrate relative to the gas flow direction to grow NaCl-assisted WS2 can greatly improve its stability in the ambient atmosphere, even when exposed to light. The optimal geometric structures and ground state energies are investigated by the density functional theory-based calculations. According to the orientation and symmetry of NaCl-assisted WS2, we can expect that it will have a better growth quality when the gas flow direction is perpendicular to the [112̄0] direction of the sapphire substrate. This contributes to the nucleation and subsequent growth of NaCl-assisted WS2. This research provides a more stable optical inspection method than other established methods and greatly improves the operational stability of NaCl-assisted WS2 under environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Pang Chang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Bang Li
- Core Facility Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Chiang Yang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Hsueh-Lung Lu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Fa Lin
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wen Chiu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Kuang-I Lin
- Core Facility Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
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Geringer E, Gerhard M, Koch M, Krug CK, Gottfried JM, Dehnen S. Pyrene-Terminated Tin Sulfide Clusters: Optical Properties and Deposition on a Metal Surface. Chemistry 2021; 27:2734-2741. [PMID: 32936477 PMCID: PMC7898349 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present the synthesis of two pyrene-functionalized clusters, [(Rpyr Sn)4 S6 ]⋅2 CH2 Cl2 (4) and [(Rpyr Sn)4 Sn2 S10 ]⋅n CH2 Cl2 (n=4, 5 a; n=2, 5 b; Rpyr =CMe2 CH2 C(Me)N-NC(H)C16 H9 ), both of which form in reactions of the organotin sulfide cluster [(RN Sn)4 S6 ] (C; RN =CMe2 CH2 C(Me)N-NH2 ) with the well-known fluorescent dye 1-pyrenecarboxaldehyde (B). In contrast, reactions using an organotin sulfide cluster with another core structure, [(RN Sn)3 S4 Cl] (A), leads to formation of small molecular fragments, [(Rpyr Cl2 Sn)2 S] (1), (pyren-1-ylmethylene)hydrazine (2), and 1,2-bis(pyren-1-ylmethylene)hydrazine (3). Besides synthesis and structures of the new compounds, we report the influence of the inorganic core on the optical properties of the dye, which was analyzed exemplarily for compound 5 a via absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. This cluster was also used for exploring the potential of such non-volatile clusters for deposition on a metal surface under vacuum conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenie Geringer
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Str. 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Marina Gerhard
- Fachbereich Physik and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgRenthof 535032MarburgGermany
| | - M. Koch
- Fachbereich Physik and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgRenthof 535032MarburgGermany
| | - Claudio K. Krug
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Str. 435043MarburgGermany
| | - J. Michael Gottfried
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Str. 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Str. 435043MarburgGermany
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Canton-Vitoria R, Hotta T, Liu Z, Inoue T, Kitaura R. Stabilization of metallic phases through formation of metallic/semiconducting lateral heterostructures. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:084702. [PMID: 32872864 DOI: 10.1063/5.0012782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we develop a new approach for stabilization of metallic phases of monolayer MoS2 through the formation of lateral heterostructures composed of semiconducting/metallic MoS2. The structure of metallic (a mixture of T and T') and semiconducting (2H) phases was unambiguously characterized by Raman spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, photoluminescence imaging, and transmission electron microscope observations. The amount of NaCl, reaction temperature, reaction time, and locations of substrates are essential for controlling the percentage of metallic/semiconducting phases in lateral heterostructures; loading a large amount of NaCl at low temperatures with short reaction times prefers metallic phases. The existence of the semiconducting phase in MoS2 lateral heterostructures significantly enhances the stability of the metallic phases through passivation of reactive edges. The same approach can be applied to other transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), such as WS2, leading to boosting of basic research and application of TMDs in metallic phases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takato Hotta
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Zheng Liu
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Nagoya 463-8560, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Ryo Kitaura
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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Sayed-Ahmad-Baraza Y, Ewels CP. Stability, Structure and Reconstruction of 1H-Edges in MoS 2. Chemistry 2020; 26:6686-6693. [PMID: 32203623 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Density functional studies of the edges of single-layer 1H-MoS2 are presented. This phase presents a rich variability of edges that can influence the morphology and properties of MoS2 nano-objects, play an important role in industrial chemical processes, and find future applications in energy storage, electronics and spintronics. The so-called Mo-100 %S edges vertical S-dimers were confirmed to be stable, however the authors also identified a family of metastable edges combining Mo atoms linked by two-electron donor symmetrical disulfide ligands and four-electron donor unsymmetrical disulfide ligands. These may be entropically favored, potentially stabilizing them at high temperatures as a "liquid edge" phase. For Mo-50 %S edges, S-bridge structures with 3× periodicity along the edge are the most stable, compatible with a Peierls' distortion arising from the d-bands of the edge Mo atoms. An additional explanation for this periodicity is proposed through the formation of 3-center bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuman Sayed-Ahmad-Baraza
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, CNRS UMR6502, Université de Nantes, 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP32229, 44322, Nantes, France
| | - Christopher P Ewels
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, CNRS UMR6502, Université de Nantes, 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP32229, 44322, Nantes, France
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