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Piatti E, Miola M, Verné E. Tailoring of bioactive glass and glass-ceramics properties for in vitro and in vivo response optimization: a review. Biomater Sci 2024. [PMID: 39105508 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01574b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Bioactive glasses are inorganic biocompatible materials that can find applications in many biomedical fields. The main application is bone and dental tissue engineering. However, some applications in contact with soft tissues are emerging. It is well known that both bulk (such as composition) and surface properties (such as morphology and wettability) of an implanted material influence the response of cells in contact with the implant. This review aims to elucidate and compare the main strategies that are employed to modulate cell behavior in contact with bioactive glasses. The first part of this review is focused on the doping of bioactive glasses with ions and drugs, which can be incorporated into the bioceramic to impart several therapeutic properties, such as osteogenic, proangiogenic, or/and antibacterial ones. The second part of this review is devoted to the chemical functionalization of bioactive glasses using drugs, extra-cellular matrix proteins, vitamins, and polyphenols. In the third and final part, the physical modifications of the surfaces of bioactive glasses are reviewed. Both top-down (removing materials from the surface, for example using laser treatment and etching strategies) and bottom-up (depositing materials on the surface, for example through the deposition of coatings) strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Piatti
- Applied Science and Technology Department, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - Marta Miola
- Applied Science and Technology Department, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - Enrica Verné
- Applied Science and Technology Department, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
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2
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Randhawa A, Dutta SD, Ganguly K, Patil TV, Lim KT. Manufacturing 3D Biomimetic Tissue: A Strategy Involving the Integration of Electrospun Nanofibers with a 3D-Printed Framework for Enhanced Tissue Regeneration. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309269. [PMID: 38308170 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
3D printing and electrospinning are versatile techniques employed to produce 3D structures, such as scaffolds and ultrathin fibers, facilitating the creation of a cellular microenvironment in vitro. These two approaches operate on distinct working principles and utilize different polymeric materials to generate the desired structure. This review provides an extensive overview of these techniques and their potential roles in biomedical applications. Despite their potential role in fabricating complex structures, each technique has its own limitations. Electrospun fibers may have ambiguous geometry, while 3D-printed constructs may exhibit poor resolution with limited mechanical complexity. Consequently, the integration of electrospinning and 3D-printing methods may be explored to maximize the benefits and overcome the individual limitations of these techniques. This review highlights recent advancements in combined techniques for generating structures with controlled porosities on the micro-nano scale, leading to improved mechanical structural integrity. Collectively, these techniques also allow the fabrication of nature-inspired structures, contributing to a paradigm shift in research and technology. Finally, the review concludes by examining the advantages, disadvantages, and future outlooks of existing technologies in addressing challenges and exploring potential opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayushi Randhawa
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sayan Deb Dutta
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Keya Ganguly
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Tejal V Patil
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
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3
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Kitana W, Levario-Diaz V, Cavalcanti-Adam EA, Ionov L. Biofabrication of Composite Bioink-Nanofiber Constructs: Effect of Rheological Properties of Bioinks on 3D (Bio)Printing and Cells Interaction with Aligned Touch Spun Nanofibers. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303343. [PMID: 38009530 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on a novel approach for the fabrication of composite multilayered bioink-nanofibers construct. This work achieves this by using a hands-free 3D (bio)printing integrated touch-spinning approach. Additionally, this work investigates the interaction of fibroblasts in different bioinks with the highly aligned touch-spun nanofibers. This work conducts a comprehensive characterization of the rheological properties of the inks, starting with low-strain oscillatory rheology to analyze the viscoelastic behavior, when the material structure remains intact. Moreover, this work performs amplitude sweeps to investigate the stability of the inks under large deformations, rotational rheology to examine the shear thinning profile, and a three-step creep experiment to study time-dependent rheological behavior. The obtained rheological results are correlated to visual observation of the flow behavior of inks. These behaviors span from an ink with zero-shear viscosity, very weak shear thinning, and no thixotropic behavior to inks exhibiting flow stress, pronounced shear thinning, and thixotropy. It is demonstrated that inks have an essential effect on cell behavior. While all bioinks allow a preferred directionality of the fibroblasts along the fiber direction, cells tend to form aggregates in bioinks with higher viscosity, and a considerable number of agglomerates are observed in the presence of laponite-RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Kitana
- Professorship of Biofabrication, Faculty of Engineering Science, University of Bayreuth, Ludwig-Thoma-Straße 36A, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Victoria Levario-Diaz
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Ada Cavalcanti-Adam
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Professorship of Cellular Biomechanics, Faculty of Engineering Science, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Leonid Ionov
- Professorship of Biofabrication, Faculty of Engineering Science, University of Bayreuth, Ludwig-Thoma-Straße 36A, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
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4
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Alasvand N, Behnamghader A, Milan PB, Simorgh S, Mobasheri A, Mozafari M. Tissue-engineered small-diameter vascular grafts containing novel copper-doped bioactive glass biomaterials to promote angiogenic activity and endothelial regeneration. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100647. [PMID: 37273797 PMCID: PMC10232732 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-diameter vascular grafts frequently fail because of obstruction and infection. Despite the wide range of commercially available vascular grafts, the anatomical uniqueness of defect sites demands patient-specific designs. This study aims to increase the success rate of implantation by fabricating bilayer vascular grafts containing bioactive glasses (BGs) and modifying their composition by removing hemostatic ions to make them blood-compatible and to enhance their antibacterial and angiogenesis properties. The porous vascular graft tubes were 3D printed using polycaprolactone, polyglycerol sebacate, and the modified BGs. The polycaprolactone sheath was then wrapped around the 3D-printed layer using the electrospinning technique to prevent blood leakage. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of modified BGs into the polymeric matrix not only improved the mechanical properties of the vascular graft but also significantly enhanced its antibacterial activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive strains. In addition, no hemolysis or platelet activity was detected after incorporating modified BGs into the vascular grafts. Copper-releasing vascular grafts significantly enhanced endothelial cell proliferation, motility, and VEGF secretion. Additionally, In vivo angiogenesis (CD31 immunofluorescent staining) and gene expression experiments showed that copper-releasing vascular grafts considerably promoted the formation of new blood vessels, low-grade inflammation (decreased expression of IL-1β and TNF-α), and high-level angiogenesis (increased expression of angiogenic growth factors including VEGF, PDGF-BB, and HEBGF). These observations indicate that the use of BGs with suitable compositional modifications in vascular grafts may promote the clinical success of patient-specific vascular prostheses by accelerating tissue regeneration without any coagulation problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Alasvand
- Bioengineering Research Group, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliasghar Behnamghader
- Bioengineering Research Group, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), Tehran, Iran
| | - Peiman B. Milan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Simorgh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Liege, Belgium
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Martelli A, Bellucci D, Cannillo V. Additive Manufacturing of Polymer/Bioactive Glass Scaffolds for Regenerative Medicine: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112473. [PMID: 37299270 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) is a branch of regenerative medicine with enormous potential to regenerate damaged tissues using synthetic grafts such as scaffolds. Polymers and bioactive glasses (BGs) are popular materials for scaffold production because of their tunable properties and ability to interact with the body for effective tissue regeneration. Due to their composition and amorphous structure, BGs possess a significant affinity with the recipient's tissue. Additive manufacturing (AM), a method that allows the creation of complex shapes and internal structures, is a promising approach for scaffold production. However, despite the promising results obtained so far, several challenges remain in the field of TE. One critical area for improvement is tailoring the mechanical properties of scaffolds to meet specific tissue requirements. In addition, achieving improved cell viability and controlled degradation of scaffolds is necessary to ensure successful tissue regeneration. This review provides a critical summary of the potential and limitations of polymer/BG scaffold production via AM covering extrusion-, lithography-, and laser-based 3D-printing techniques. The review highlights the importance of addressing the current challenges in TE to develop effective and reliable strategies for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Martelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Enzo Ferrari, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via. P. Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Devis Bellucci
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Enzo Ferrari, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via. P. Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Valeria Cannillo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Enzo Ferrari, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via. P. Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy
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6
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Zhang Y, Xue Y, Ren Y, Li X, Liu Y. Biodegradable Polymer Electrospinning for Tendon Repairment. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061566. [PMID: 36987348 PMCID: PMC10054061 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
With the degradation after aging and the destruction of high-intensity exercise, the frequency of tendon injury is also increasing, which will lead to serious pain and disability. Due to the structural specificity of the tendon tissue, the traditional treatment of tendon injury repair has certain limitations. Biodegradable polymer electrospinning technology with good biocompatibility and degradability can effectively repair tendons, and its mechanical properties can be achieved by adjusting the fiber diameter and fiber spacing. Here, this review first briefly introduces the structure and function of the tendon and the repair process after injury. Then, different kinds of biodegradable natural polymers for tendon repair are summarized. Then, the advantages and disadvantages of three-dimensional (3D) electrospun products in tendon repair and regeneration are summarized, as well as the optimization of electrospun fiber scaffolds with different bioactive materials and the latest application in tendon regeneration engineering. Bioactive molecules can optimize the structure of these products and improve their repair performance. Importantly, we discuss the application of the 3D electrospinning scaffold's superior structure in different stages of tendon repair. Meanwhile, the combination of other advanced technologies has greater potential in tendon repair. Finally, the relevant patents of biodegradable electrospun scaffolds for repairing damaged tendons, as well as their clinical applications, problems in current development, and future directions are summarized. In general, the use of biodegradable electrospun fibers for tendon repair is a promising and exciting research field, but further research is needed to fully understand its potential and optimize its application in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhang
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Yueguang Xue
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xin Li
- Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Ying Liu
- GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangzhou 510700, China
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7
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Asgharnejad-Laskoukalayeh M, Golbaten-Mofrad H, Jafari SH, Seyfikar S, Yousefi Talouki P, Jafari A, Goodarzi V, Zamanlui S. Preparation and characterization of a new sustainable bio-based elastomer nanocomposites containing poly(glycerol sebacate citrate)/chitosan/n-hydroxyapatite for promising tissue engineering applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2022; 33:2385-2405. [PMID: 35876727 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2104600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Poly (glycerol sebacate citrate) (PGSC) has potential applications in tissue engineering due to its biodegradability and suitable elasticity. However, its applications are restricted owing to its acidity and high degradation rate. In this study, a new bio-nanocomposite based on PGSC has been synthesized by incorporating chitosan (CS) and various concentrations of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n-HA). It is assumed that the basicity of a CS and hydroxyl groups of n-HA will reduce the acidity of PGSC and control the rate of degradation. Also, the biocompatibility of n-HA and inherent hydrophilicity of CS can improve cell adhesion and proliferation of PGSC-based scaffolds. FTIR, XRD, FESEM, and EDX tests confirmed the synthesis of these nanocomposites and the interaction between each of the components. The results of the DMTA test also indicated the elastic behavior of the samples embedded with n-HA. The hydrophilicity assay demonstrated that the water contact angle of the scaffolds decreased as the concentration of n-HA augmented, and it reached the value of 44 ± 0.9° for nanocomposite containing 5 wt.% n-HA. The degradation rate of all PGSC nanocomposites was reduced due to the anionic groups of n-HA and CS. TGA assay indicated that the incorporation of n-HA led to the enhancement of scaffolds' thermal stability. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of CS and n-HA on the enhancement of protein adsorption and cell proliferation was confirmed through protein adhesion and MTT assay, respectively. Consequently, the addition of n-HA and CS perform the new bio-nanocomposites scaffolds based on PGSC with sufficient hydrophilicity, flexibility, and thermal stability in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hooman Golbaten-Mofrad
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hassan Jafari
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Seyfikar
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Aliakbar Jafari
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahabodin Goodarzi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Zamanlui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Stem Cells Research Center, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Godinho B, Gama N, Ferreira A. Different methods of synthesizing poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS): A review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1033827. [PMID: 36532580 PMCID: PMC9748623 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1033827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) is a biodegradable elastomer that has attracted increasing attention as a potential material for applications in biological tissue engineering. The conventional method of synthesis, first described in 2002, is based on the polycondensation of glycerol and sebacic acid, but it is a time-consuming and energy-intensive process. In recent years, new approaches for producing PGS, PGS blends, and PGS copolymers have been reported to not only reduce the time and energy required to obtain the final material but also to adjust the properties and processability of the PGS-based materials based on the desired applications. This review compiles more than 20 years of PGS synthesis reports, reported inconsistencies, and proposed alternatives to more rapidly produce PGS polymer structures or PGS derivatives with tailor-made properties. Synthesis conditions such as temperature, reaction time, reagent ratio, atmosphere, catalysts, microwave-assisted synthesis, and PGS modifications (urethane and acrylate groups, blends, and copolymers) were revisited to present and discuss the diverse alternatives to produce and adapt PGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Godinho
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nuno Gama
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Artur Ferreira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- ESTGA-Águeda School of Technology and Management, Águeda, Portugal
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9
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Wetspun Polymeric Fibrous Systems as Potential Scaffolds for Tendon and Ligament Repair, Healing and Regeneration. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112526. [PMID: 36432717 PMCID: PMC9699541 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon and ligament traumatic injuries are among the most common diagnosed musculoskeletal problems. Such injuries limit joint mobility, reduce musculoskeletal performance, and most importantly, lower people's comfort. Currently, there are various treatments that are used to treat this type of injury, from surgical to conservative treatments. However, they're not entirely effective, as reinjures are frequent and, in some cases, fail to re-establish the lost functionality. Tissue engineering (TE) approaches aim to overcome these disadvantages by stimulating the regeneration and formation of artificial structures that resemble the original tissue. Fabrication and design of artificial fibrous scaffolds with tailored mechanical properties are crucial for restoring the mechanical function of the tissues. Recently, polymeric nanofibers produced by wetspinning have been largely investigated to mimic, repair, and replace the damaged tissue. Wetspun fibrous structures are extensively used due to their exceptional properties, such as the ability to mimic the native tissue, their biodegradability and biocompatibility, and good mechanical properties. In this review, the tendon and ligament structure and biomechanics are presented. Then, promising wetspun multifunctional fibrous structures based on biopolymers, more specifically polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and polyethylenes, will be discussed, as well as reinforcing agents such as cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), nanoparticles, and growth factors.
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10
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Simorgh S, Alasvand N, Khodadadi M, Ghobadi F, Malekzadeh Kebria M, Brouki Milan P, Kargozar S, Baino F, Mobasheri A, Mozafari M. Additive Manufacturing of Bioactive Glass Biomaterials. Methods 2022; 208:75-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Tang Y, Wang Z, Xiang L, Zhao Z, Cui W. Functional biomaterials for tendon/ligament repair and regeneration. Regen Biomater 2022; 9:rbac062. [PMID: 36176715 PMCID: PMC9514853 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With an increase in life expectancy and the popularity of high-intensity exercise, the frequency of tendon and ligament injuries has also increased. Owing to the specificity of its tissue, the rapid restoration of injured tendons and ligaments is challenging for treatment. This review summarizes the latest progress in cells, biomaterials, active molecules and construction technology in treating tendon/ligament injuries. The characteristics of supports made of different materials and the development and application of different manufacturing methods are discussed. The development of natural polymers, synthetic polymers and composite materials has boosted the use of scaffolds. In addition, the development of electrospinning and hydrogel technology has diversified the production and treatment of materials. First, this article briefly introduces the structure, function and biological characteristics of tendons/ligaments. Then, it summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of different materials, such as natural polymer scaffolds, synthetic polymer scaffolds, composite scaffolds and extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived biological scaffolds, in the application of tendon/ligament regeneration. We then discuss the latest applications of electrospun fiber scaffolds and hydrogels in regeneration engineering. Finally, we discuss the current problems and future directions in the development of biomaterials for restoring damaged tendons and ligaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkai Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics , Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics , Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics , Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics , Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics , Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
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12
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Grimaldo Ruiz O, Rodriguez Reinoso M, Ingrassia E, Vecchio F, Maniero F, Burgio V, Civera M, Bitan I, Lacidogna G, Surace C. Design and Mechanical Characterization Using Digital Image Correlation of Soft Tissue-Mimicking Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132639. [PMID: 35808685 PMCID: PMC9269014 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Present and future anatomical models for biomedical applications will need bio-mimicking three-dimensional (3D)-printed tissues. These would enable, for example, the evaluation of the quality-performance of novel devices at an intermediate step between ex-vivo and in-vivo trials. Nowadays, PolyJet technology produces anatomical models with varying levels of realism and fidelity to replicate organic tissues. These include anatomical presets set with combinations of multiple materials, transitions, and colors that vary in hardness, flexibility, and density. This study aims to mechanically characterize multi-material specimens designed and fabricated to mimic various bio-inspired hierarchical structures targeted to mimic tendons and ligaments. A Stratasys® J750™ 3D Printer was used, combining the Agilus30™ material at different hardness levels in the bio-mimicking configurations. Then, the mechanical properties of these different options were tested to evaluate their behavior under uni-axial tensile tests. Digital Image Correlation (DIC) was used to accurately quantify the specimens’ large strains in a non-contact fashion. A difference in the mechanical properties according to pattern type, proposed hardness combinations, and matrix-to-fiber ratio were evidenced. The specimens V, J1, A1, and C were selected as the best for every type of pattern. Specimens V were chosen as the leading combination since they exhibited the best balance of mechanical properties with the higher values of Modulus of elasticity (2.21 ± 0.17 MPa), maximum strain (1.86 ± 0.05 mm/mm), and tensile strength at break (2.11 ± 0.13 MPa). The approach demonstrates the versatility of PolyJet technology that enables core materials to be tailored based on specific needs. These findings will allow the development of more accurate and realistic computational and 3D printed soft tissue anatomical solutions mimicking something much closer to real tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Grimaldo Ruiz
- Department of Structural, Geotechnical and Building Engineering (DISEG), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24. P. C., 10129 Turin, Italy; (O.G.R.); (M.R.R.); (E.I.); (F.V.); (F.M.); (V.B.); (G.L.); (C.S.)
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Nanomechanics “Giuseppe Maria Pugno”, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24. P. C., 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Mariana Rodriguez Reinoso
- Department of Structural, Geotechnical and Building Engineering (DISEG), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24. P. C., 10129 Turin, Italy; (O.G.R.); (M.R.R.); (E.I.); (F.V.); (F.M.); (V.B.); (G.L.); (C.S.)
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Nanomechanics “Giuseppe Maria Pugno”, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24. P. C., 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Ingrassia
- Department of Structural, Geotechnical and Building Engineering (DISEG), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24. P. C., 10129 Turin, Italy; (O.G.R.); (M.R.R.); (E.I.); (F.V.); (F.M.); (V.B.); (G.L.); (C.S.)
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Nanomechanics “Giuseppe Maria Pugno”, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24. P. C., 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Vecchio
- Department of Structural, Geotechnical and Building Engineering (DISEG), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24. P. C., 10129 Turin, Italy; (O.G.R.); (M.R.R.); (E.I.); (F.V.); (F.M.); (V.B.); (G.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Filippo Maniero
- Department of Structural, Geotechnical and Building Engineering (DISEG), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24. P. C., 10129 Turin, Italy; (O.G.R.); (M.R.R.); (E.I.); (F.V.); (F.M.); (V.B.); (G.L.); (C.S.)
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Nanomechanics “Giuseppe Maria Pugno”, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24. P. C., 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Vito Burgio
- Department of Structural, Geotechnical and Building Engineering (DISEG), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24. P. C., 10129 Turin, Italy; (O.G.R.); (M.R.R.); (E.I.); (F.V.); (F.M.); (V.B.); (G.L.); (C.S.)
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Nanomechanics “Giuseppe Maria Pugno”, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24. P. C., 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Civera
- Department of Structural, Geotechnical and Building Engineering (DISEG), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24. P. C., 10129 Turin, Italy; (O.G.R.); (M.R.R.); (E.I.); (F.V.); (F.M.); (V.B.); (G.L.); (C.S.)
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Nanomechanics “Giuseppe Maria Pugno”, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24. P. C., 10129 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Ido Bitan
- Stratasys Headquarters, 1 Holtzman St. Science Park, Rehovot P.O. Box 2496, Israel;
| | - Giuseppe Lacidogna
- Department of Structural, Geotechnical and Building Engineering (DISEG), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24. P. C., 10129 Turin, Italy; (O.G.R.); (M.R.R.); (E.I.); (F.V.); (F.M.); (V.B.); (G.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Cecilia Surace
- Department of Structural, Geotechnical and Building Engineering (DISEG), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24. P. C., 10129 Turin, Italy; (O.G.R.); (M.R.R.); (E.I.); (F.V.); (F.M.); (V.B.); (G.L.); (C.S.)
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Nanomechanics “Giuseppe Maria Pugno”, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24. P. C., 10129 Turin, Italy
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13
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Li J, Kim C, Pan CC, Babian A, Lui E, Young JL, Moeinzadeh S, Kim S, Yang YP. Hybprinting for musculoskeletal tissue engineering. iScience 2022; 25:104229. [PMID: 35494239 PMCID: PMC9051619 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents bioprinting methods, biomaterials, and printing strategies that may be used for composite tissue constructs for musculoskeletal applications. The printing methods discussed include those that are suitable for acellular and cellular components, and the biomaterials include soft and rigid components that are suitable for soft and/or hard tissues. We also present strategies that focus on the integration of cell-laden soft and acellular rigid components under a single printing platform. Given the structural and functional complexity of native musculoskeletal tissue, we envision that hybrid bioprinting, referred to as hybprinting, could provide unprecedented potential by combining different materials and bioprinting techniques to engineer and assemble modular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive BMI 258, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Carolyn Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive BMI 258, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, 416 Escondido Mall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chi-Chun Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive BMI 258, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, 416 Escondido Mall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aaron Babian
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis CA 95616, USA
| | - Elaine Lui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive BMI 258, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, 416 Escondido Mall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Young
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive BMI 258, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Seyedsina Moeinzadeh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive BMI 258, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sungwoo Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive BMI 258, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yunzhi Peter Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive BMI 258, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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14
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Can 3D-Printed Bioactive Glasses Be the Future of Bone Tissue Engineering? Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081627. [PMID: 35458377 PMCID: PMC9027654 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study, cases of bone fracture or injury have increased to 33.4% in the past two decades. Bone-related injuries affect both physical and mental health and increase the morbidity rate. Biopolymers, metals, ceramics, and various biomaterials have been used to synthesize bone implants. Among these, bioactive glasses are one of the most biomimetic materials for human bones. They provide good mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and osteointegrative properties. Owing to these properties, various composites of bioactive glasses have been FDA-approved for diverse bone-related and other applications. However, bone defects and bone injuries require customized designs and replacements. Thus, the three-dimensional (3D) printing of bioactive glass composites has the potential to provide customized bone implants. This review highlights the bottlenecks in 3D printing bioactive glass and provides an overview of different types of 3D printing methods for bioactive glass. Furthermore, this review discusses synthetic and natural bioactive glass composites. This review aims to provide information on bioactive glass biomaterials and their potential in bone tissue engineering.
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15
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Design and manufacturing a tubular structures based on poly(ɛ-caprolactone) / poly(glycerol-sebacic acid) biodegradable nanocomposite blends: suggested for applications in the nervous, vascular and renal tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02881-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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16
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Smith JA, Mele E. Electrospinning and Additive Manufacturing: Adding Three-Dimensionality to Electrospun Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:674738. [PMID: 34917592 PMCID: PMC8670169 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.674738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The final biochemical and mechanical performance of an implant or scaffold are defined by its structure, as well as the raw materials and processing conditions used during its fabrication. Electrospinning and Additive Manufacturing (AM) are two contrasting processing technologies that have gained popularity amongst the fields of medical research i.e., tissue engineering, implant design, drug delivery. Electrospinning technology is favored for its ability to produce micro- to nanometer fibers from polymer solutions and melts, of which, the dimensions, alignment, porosity, and chemical composition are easily manipulatable to the desired application. AM, on the other hand, offers unrivalled levels of geometrical freedom, allowing highly complex components (i.e., patient-specific) to be built inexpensively within 24 hours. Hence, adopting both technologies together appears to be a progressive step in pursuit of scaffolds that better match the natural architecture of human tissues. Here, we present recent insights into the advances on hybrid scaffolds produced by combining electrospinning (melt electrospinning excluded) and AM, specifically multi-layered architectures consisting of alternating fibers and AM elements, and bioinks reinforced with fibers prior to AM. We discuss how cellular behavior (attachment, migration, and differentiation) is influenced by the co-existence of these micro- and nano-features.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Elisa Mele
- Materials Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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17
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Jiang N, Mao M, Li X, Zhang W, He J, Li D. Advanced biofabrication strategies for biomimetic composite scaffolds to regenerate ligament‐bone interface. BIOSURFACE AND BIOTRIBOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1049/bsb2.12021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an Shaanxi China
- Department of Surgical Oncology Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital (Third Hospital of Medical College of Xi’an Jiaotong University) Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Mao Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an Shaanxi China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an Shaanxi China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Department of Knee Joint Surgery Hong Hui Hospital Health Science Center Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Jiankang He
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an Shaanxi China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Dichen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an Shaanxi China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an Shaanxi China
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18
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Sharma D, Mathur VP, Satapathy BK. Biodegradable and Biocompatible 3D Constructs for Dental Applications: Manufacturing Options and Perspectives. Ann Biomed Eng 2021; 49:2030-2056. [PMID: 34318403 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-021-02839-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Designing 3D constructs with appropriate materials and structural frameworks for complex dental restorative/regenerative procedures has always remained a multi-criteria optimization challenge. In this regard, 3D printing has long been known to be a potent tool for various tissue regenerative applications, however, the preparation of biocompatible, biodegradable, and stable inks is yet to be explored and revolutionized for overall performance improvisation. The review reports the currently employed manufacturing processes for the development of engineered self-supporting, easily processable, and cost-effective 3D constructs with target-specific tuneable mechanics, bioactivity, and degradability aspects in the oral cavity for their potential use in numerous dental applications ranging from soft pulp tissues to hard alveolar bone tissues. A hybrid synergistic approach, comprising of development of multi-layered, structurally stable, composite building blocks with desired physicomechanical performance and bioactivity presents an optimal solution to circumvent the major limitations and develop new-age advanced dental restorations and implants. Further, the review summarizes some manufacturing perspectives which may inspire the readers to design appropriate structures for clinical trials so as to pave the way for their routine applications in dentistry in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Sharma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Vijay Prakash Mathur
- Division of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Bhabani K Satapathy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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19
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Wu Z, Jin K, Wang L, Fan Y. A Review: Optimization for Poly(glycerol sebacate) and Fabrication Techniques for Its Centered Scaffolds. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100022. [PMID: 34117837 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS), an emerging promising thermosetting polymer synthesized from sebacic acid and glycerol, has attracted considerable attention due to its elasticity, biocompatibility, and tunable biodegradation properties. But it also has some drawbacks such as harsh synthesis conditions, rapid degradation rates, and low stiffness. To overcome these challenges and optimize PGS performance, various modification methods and fabrication techniques for PGS-based scaffolds have been developed in recent years. Outlining the current modification approaches of PGS and summarizing the fabrication techniques for PGS-based scaffolds are of great importance to accelerate the development of new materials and enable them to be appropriately used in potential applications. Thus, this review comprehensively overviews PGS derivatives, PGS composites, PGS blends, processing for PGS-based scaffolds, and their related applications. It is envisioned that this review could instruct and inspire the design of the PGS-based materials and facilitate tissue engineering advances into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kaixiang Jin
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.,School of Medical Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
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20
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Vogt L, Ruther F, Salehi S, Boccaccini AR. Poly(Glycerol Sebacate) in Biomedical Applications-A Review of the Recent Literature. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002026. [PMID: 33733604 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) continues to attract attention for biomedical applications owing to its favorable combination of properties. Conventionally polymerized by a two-step polycondensation of glycerol and sebacic acid, variations of synthesis parameters, reactant concentrations or by specific chemical modifications, PGS materials can be obtained exhibiting a wide range of physicochemical, mechanical, and morphological properties for a variety of applications. PGS has been extensively used in tissue engineering (TE) of cardiovascular, nerve, cartilage, bone and corneal tissues. Applications of PGS based materials in drug delivery systems and wound healing are also well documented. Research and development in the field of PGS continue to progress, involving mainly the synthesis of modified structures using copolymers, hybrid, and composite materials. Moreover, the production of self-healing and electroactive materials has been introduced recently. After almost 20 years of research on PGS, previous publications have outlined its synthesis, modification, properties, and biomedical applications, however, a review paper covering the most recent developments in the field is lacking. The present review thus covers comprehensively literature of the last five years on PGS-based biomaterials and devices focusing on advanced modifications of PGS for applications in medicine and highlighting notable advances of PGS based systems in TE and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Vogt
- Institute of Biomaterials University Erlangen‐Nuremberg Erlangen 91058 Germany
| | - Florian Ruther
- Institute of Biomaterials University Erlangen‐Nuremberg Erlangen 91058 Germany
| | - Sahar Salehi
- Chair of Biomaterials University of Bayreuth Bayreuth 95447 Germany
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials University Erlangen‐Nuremberg Erlangen 91058 Germany
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21
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Laird NZ, Acri TM, Chakka JL, Quarterman JC, Malkawi WI, Elangovan S, Salem AK. Applications of nanotechnology in 3D printed tissue engineering scaffolds. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 161:15-28. [PMID: 33549706 PMCID: PMC7969465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that aims to combine life sciences and engineering to create therapies that regenerate functional tissue. Early work in tissue engineering mostly used materials as inert scaffolding structures, but research has shown that constructing scaffolds from biologically active materials can help with regeneration by enabling cell-scaffold interactions or release of factors that aid in regeneration. Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a promising technique for the fabrication of structurally intricate and compositionally complex tissue engineering scaffolds. Such scaffolds can be functionalized with techniques developed by nanotechnology research to further enhance their ability to stimulate regeneration and interact with cells. Nanotechnological components, nanoscale textures, and microscale/nanoscale printing can all be incorporated into the manufacture of 3D printed scaffolds. This review discusses recent advancements in the merging of nanotechnology with 3D printed tissue engineering scaffolds, with a focus on applications of nanoscale components, nanoscale texture, and innovative printing techniques and the effects observed in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Z Laird
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Timothy M Acri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jaidev L Chakka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Juliana C Quarterman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Walla I Malkawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Satheesh Elangovan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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22
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Rinoldi C, Kijeńska-Gawrońska E, Khademhosseini A, Tamayol A, Swieszkowski W. Fibrous Systems as Potential Solutions for Tendon and Ligament Repair, Healing, and Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001305. [PMID: 33576158 PMCID: PMC8048718 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tendon and ligament injuries caused by trauma and degenerative diseases are frequent and affect diverse groups of the population. Such injuries reduce musculoskeletal performance, limit joint mobility, and lower people's comfort. Currently, various treatment strategies and surgical procedures are used to heal, repair, and restore the native tissue function. However, these strategies are inadequate and, in some cases, fail to re-establish the lost functionality. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine approaches aim to overcome these disadvantages by stimulating the regeneration and formation of neotissues. Design and fabrication of artificial scaffolds with tailored mechanical properties are crucial for restoring the mechanical function of tendons. In this review, the tendon and ligament structure, their physiology, and performance are presented. On the other hand, the requirements are focused for the development of an effective reconstruction device. The most common fiber-based scaffolding systems are also described for tendon and ligament tissue regeneration like strand fibers, woven, knitted, braided, and braid-twisted fibrous structures, as well as electrospun and wet-spun constructs, discussing critically the advantages and limitations of their utilization. Finally, the potential of multilayered systems as the most effective candidates for tendon and ligaments tissue engineering is pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Rinoldi
- Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, 02-507, Poland
| | - Ewa Kijeńska-Gawrońska
- Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, 02-507, Poland
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, 02-822, Poland
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Radiology, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Wojciech Swieszkowski
- Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, 02-507, Poland
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23
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Ruiz-Alonso S, Lafuente-Merchan M, Ciriza J, Saenz-Del-Burgo L, Pedraz JL. Tendon tissue engineering: Cells, growth factors, scaffolds and production techniques. J Control Release 2021; 333:448-486. [PMID: 33811983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tendon injuries are a global health problem that affects millions of people annually. The properties of tendons make their natural rehabilitation a very complex and long-lasting process. Thanks to the development of the fields of biomaterials, bioengineering and cell biology, a new discipline has emerged, tissue engineering. Within this discipline, diverse approaches have been proposed. The obtained results turn out to be promising, as increasingly more complex and natural tendon-like structures are obtained. In this review, the nature of the tendon and the conventional treatments that have been applied so far are underlined. Then, a comparison between the different tendon tissue engineering approaches that have been proposed to date is made, focusing on each of the elements necessary to obtain the structures that allow adequate regeneration of the tendon: growth factors, cells, scaffolds and techniques for scaffold development. The analysis of all these aspects allows understanding, in a global way, the effect that each element used in the regeneration of the tendon has and, thus, clarify the possible future approaches by making new combinations of materials, designs, cells and bioactive molecules to achieve a personalized regeneration of a functional tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ruiz-Alonso
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Markel Lafuente-Merchan
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jesús Ciriza
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Laura Saenz-Del-Burgo
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Jose Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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24
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Licciardello M, Ciardelli G, Tonda-Turo C. Biocompatible Electrospun Polycaprolactone-Polyaniline Scaffold Treated with Atmospheric Plasma to Improve Hydrophilicity. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:24. [PMID: 33668465 PMCID: PMC7918921 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Conductive polymers (CPs) have recently been applied in the development of scaffolds for tissue engineering applications in attempt to induce additional cues able to enhance tissue growth. Polyaniline (PANI) is one of the most widely studied CPs, but it requires to be blended with other polymers in order to be processed through conventional technologies. Here, we propose the fabrication of nanofibers based on a polycaprolactone (PCL)-PANI blend obtained using electrospinning technology. An extracellular matrix-like fibrous substrate was obtained showing a good stability in the physiological environment (37 °C in PBS solution up 7 days). However, since the high hydrophobicity of the PCL-PANI mats (133.5 ± 2.2°) could negatively affect the biological response, a treatment with atmospheric plasma was applied on the nanofibrous mats, obtaining a hydrophilic surface (67.1 ± 2°). In vitro tests were performed to confirm the viability and the physiological-like morphology of human foreskin fibroblast (HFF-1) cells cultured on the plasma treated PCL-PANI nanofibrous scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Licciardello
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy; (M.L.); (G.C.)
- Polito BIOMedLAB, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ciardelli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy; (M.L.); (G.C.)
- Polito BIOMedLAB, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council-Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Tonda-Turo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy; (M.L.); (G.C.)
- Polito BIOMedLAB, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, 56122 Pisa, Italy
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Silica-Based Bioactive Glasses and Their Applications in Hard Tissue Regeneration: A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020075. [PMID: 33498229 PMCID: PMC7909272 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is a field that aims to influence and improvise the processes of tissue repair and restoration and to assist the body to heal and recover. In the field of hard tissue regeneration, bio-inert materials are being predominantly used, and there is a necessity to use bioactive materials that can help in better tissue-implant interactions and facilitate the healing and regeneration process. One such bioactive material that is being focused upon and studied extensively in the past few decades is bioactive glass (BG). The original bioactive glass (45S5) is composed of silicon dioxide, sodium dioxide, calcium oxide, and phosphorus pentoxide and is mainly referred to by its commercial name Bioglass. BG is mainly used for bone tissue regeneration due to its osteoconductivity and osteostimulation properties. The bioactivity of BG, however, is highly dependent on the compositional ratio of certain glass-forming system content. The manipulation of content ratio and the element compositional flexibility of BG-forming network developed other types of bioactive glasses with controllable chemical durability and chemical affinity with bone and bioactivity. This review article mainly discusses the basic information about silica-based bioactive glasses, including their composition, processing, and properties, as well as their medical applications such as in bone regeneration, as bone grafts, and as dental implant coatings.
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Liang B, Shi Q, Xu J, Chai YM, Xu JG. Poly (Glycerol Sebacate)-Based Bio-Artificial Multiporous Matrix for Bone Regeneration. Front Chem 2020; 8:603577. [PMID: 33330398 PMCID: PMC7719816 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.603577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, bone repair biomaterials that combine cells and bioactive factors are superior to autologous and allogeneic bone implants. However, neither natural nor synthetic biomaterials can possess all desired qualities such as strength, porosity, and biological activity. In this study, we used poly (glycerol sebacate) (PGS), a synthetic material with great osteogenic potential that has attracted more attention in the field of tissue (such as bone tissue) regeneration owing to its good biocompatibility and high elasticity. It also has the advantage of being regulated by material synthesis to match the bone tissue's strength and can be easily modified to become functional. However, pure PGS lacks functional groups and hydrophilicity. Therefore, we used PGS as the substrate to graft the adhesive ligands RGD and vascular endothelial growth factor mimetic peptide. The bone repair scaffold can be prepared through photo crosslinking, as it not only improves hydrophobicity but also promotes vascularization and accelerates osteogenesis. Simultaneously, we improved the preparation method of hydrogels after freeze-drying and crosslinking to form a sponge-like structure and to easily regenerate blood vessels. In summary, a bone repair scaffold was prepared to meet the structural and biological requirements. It proved to serve as a potential bone-mimicking scaffold by enhancing tissue regenerative processes such as cell infiltration and vascularization and subsequent replacement by the native bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jian-Guang Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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27
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Citeroni MR, Ciardulli MC, Russo V, Della Porta G, Mauro A, El Khatib M, Di Mattia M, Galesso D, Barbera C, Forsyth NR, Maffulli N, Barboni B. In Vitro Innovation of Tendon Tissue Engineering Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6726. [PMID: 32937830 PMCID: PMC7555358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendinopathy is the term used to refer to tendon disorders. Spontaneous adult tendon healing results in scar tissue formation and fibrosis with suboptimal biomechanical properties, often resulting in poor and painful mobility. The biomechanical properties of the tissue are negatively affected. Adult tendons have a limited natural healing capacity, and often respond poorly to current treatments that frequently are focused on exercise, drug delivery, and surgical procedures. Therefore, it is of great importance to identify key molecular and cellular processes involved in the progression of tendinopathies to develop effective therapeutic strategies and drive the tissue toward regeneration. To treat tendon diseases and support tendon regeneration, cell-based therapy as well as tissue engineering approaches are considered options, though none can yet be considered conclusive in their reproduction of a safe and successful long-term solution for full microarchitecture and biomechanical tissue recovery. In vitro differentiation techniques are not yet fully validated. This review aims to compare different available tendon in vitro differentiation strategies to clarify the state of art regarding the differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rita Citeroni
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (V.R.); (A.M.); (M.E.K.); (M.D.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Maria Camilla Ciardulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy; (M.C.C.); (G.D.P.); (N.M.)
| | - Valentina Russo
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (V.R.); (A.M.); (M.E.K.); (M.D.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Giovanna Della Porta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy; (M.C.C.); (G.D.P.); (N.M.)
- Interdepartment Centre BIONAM, Università di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo I, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Annunziata Mauro
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (V.R.); (A.M.); (M.E.K.); (M.D.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Mohammad El Khatib
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (V.R.); (A.M.); (M.E.K.); (M.D.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Miriam Di Mattia
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (V.R.); (A.M.); (M.E.K.); (M.D.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Devis Galesso
- Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A., via Ponte della Fabbrica 3/A, 35031 Abano Terme (PD), Italy; (D.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Carlo Barbera
- Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A., via Ponte della Fabbrica 3/A, 35031 Abano Terme (PD), Italy; (D.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Nicholas R. Forsyth
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke on Trent ST4 7QB, UK;
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy; (M.C.C.); (G.D.P.); (N.M.)
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via San Leonardo 1, 84131 Salerno, Italy
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Mile End Hospital, Queen Mary University of London, 275 Bancroft Road, London E1 4DG, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University School of Medicine, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke on Trent ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Barbara Barboni
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (V.R.); (A.M.); (M.E.K.); (M.D.M.); (B.B.)
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