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Yu Y, Liu X, Li T, Zou X, Ding J, Xu N, Sahng X, Wang X, Huang P, Cheng C, Si S, Lu H, Zhang H, Li D. Optimization of the cavity length and pulse characterization based on germanene as a saturable absorber in an Er-doped fiber laser. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:9156-9163. [PMID: 38108754 DOI: 10.1364/ao.504880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, germanene-nanosheets (NSs) were synthesized by liquid-phase exfoliation, followed by an experimental investigation into the nonlinear saturable absorption characteristics and morphological structure of germanene. The germanene-NSs were employed as saturable absorbers, exhibiting saturation intensity and modulation depth values of 22.64M W/c m 2 and 4.48%, respectively. This demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing germanene-NSs passively mode-locked in an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL). By optimizing the cavity length, improvements in the output of EDFL characteristics were achieved, resulting in 883 fs pulses with a maximum average output power of 19.74 mW. The aforementioned experimental outcomes underscore the significant potential of germanene in the realms of ultrafast photonics and nonlinear optics.
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Wang Q, Li Z, Wang P, Xu Q, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Huang Y, Liu YG. Q-switched and vector soliton pulses from an Er-doped fiber laser with high stability based on a γ-graphyne saturable absorber. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:7566-7576. [PMID: 37039004 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05737a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
As a Dirac material, an allotrope of graphene, namely γ-graphyne (γ-GY), is proved to have excellent nonlinear optical properties. Unfortunately, the saturable absorption properties and ultrafast photonics applications of γ-GY at the 1.5 μm band, which play vital roles in optical communication, have not been reported so far. Herein, γ-GY nanosheets (NSs) are prepared by an improved mechanochemical method, and a saturable absorber (SA) is fabricated by a laser-induced deposition method. The modulation depth (MD) and saturable fluence at 1.5 μm are found to be 5.40% and 23.46 μJ cm-2, respectively. Consequently, by inserting the as-prepared SA into an Er3+-doped fiber laser (EDFL), Q-switching and mode-locking operation with high stability are realized. Also, the mode-locking pulses are verified to be polarization-locked vector solitons (PLVSs) based on further study. With increasing pump power, the phase difference between the two orthogonal components increases, leading to the evolution of state of polarization (SOP). Additionally, the degrees of polarization (DOPs) are measured and all reach more than 97%, meaning high polarization stability. Therefore, this work not only broadens the application scope of γ-GY in ultrafast photonics, but also provides an important foundation for the study of soliton dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbo Wang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Zhuo Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Qiaoqiao Xu
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Yi Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yan-Ge Liu
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Zhang W, Zhang Y, Leng X, Jing Q, Wen Q. CrPS 4 Nanoflakes as Stable Direct-Band-Gap 2D Materials for Ultrafast Pulse Laser Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1128. [PMID: 36986023 PMCID: PMC10052116 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted considerable attention due to their potential for generating ultrafast pulsed lasers. Unfortunately, the poor stability of most layered 2D materials under air exposure leads to increased fabrication costs; this has limited their development for practical applications. In this paper, we describe the successful preparation of a novel, air-stable, and broadband saturable absorber (SA), the metal thiophosphate CrPS4, using a simple and cost-effective liquid exfoliation method. The van der Waals crystal structure of CrPS4 consists of chains of CrS6 units interconnected by phosphorus. In this study, we calculated the electronic band structures of CrPS4, revealing a direct band gap. The nonlinear saturable absorption properties, which were investigated using the P-scan technique at 1550 nm, revealed that CrPS4-SA had a modulation depth of 12.2% and a saturation intensity of 463 MW/cm2. Integration of the CrPS4-SA into Yb-doped fiber and Er-doped fiber laser cavities led to mode-locking for the first time, resulting in the shortest pulse durations of 298 ps and 500 fs at 1 and 1.5 µm, respectively. These results indicate that CrPS4 has great potential for broadband ultrafast photonic applications and could be developed into an excellent candidate for SA devices, providing new directions in the search for stable SA materials and for their design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xudong Leng
- Xinjiang Key for Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Devices, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Street, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Qun Jing
- Xinjiang Key for Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Devices, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Street, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Qiao Wen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Bhaskar S. Biosensing Technologies: A Focus Review on Recent Advancements in Surface Plasmon Coupled Emission. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14030574. [PMID: 36984981 PMCID: PMC10054051 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, novel nano-engineering protocols have been actively synergized with fluorescence spectroscopic techniques to yield higher intensity from radiating dipoles, through the process termed plasmon-enhanced fluorescence (PEF). Consequently, the limit of detection of analytes of interest has been dramatically improvised on account of higher sensitivity rendered by augmented fluorescence signals. Recently, metallic thin films sustaining surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) have been creatively hybridized with such PEF platforms to realize a substantial upsurge in the global collection efficiency in a judicious technology termed surface plasmon-coupled emission (SPCE). While the process parameters and conditions to realize optimum coupling efficiency between the radiating dipoles and the plasmon polaritons in SPCE framework have been extensively discussed, the utility of disruptive nano-engineering over the SPCE platform and analogous interfaces such as 'ferroplasmon-on-mirror (FPoM)' as well as an alternative technology termed 'photonic crystal-coupled emission (PCCE)' have been seldom reviewed. In light of these observations, in this focus review, the myriad nano-engineering protocols developed over the SPCE, FPoM and PCCE platform are succinctly captured, presenting an emphasis on the recently developed cryosoret nano-assembly technology for photo-plasmonic hotspot generation (first to fourth). These technologies and associated sensing platforms are expected to ameliorate the current biosensing modalities with better understanding of the biophysicochemical processes and related outcomes at advanced micro-nano-interfaces. This review is hence envisaged to present a broad overview of the latest developments in SPCE substrate design and development for interdisciplinary applications that are of relevance in environmental as well as biological heath monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seemesh Bhaskar
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory (HMNTL), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Markom AM, Ghafar NAMA, Batumalay M, Yusof Y, Rosol AHA, Zulkipli NF, Muhammad AR, Haris H, Saad I, Harun SW. Dissipative Soliton Mode-Locked Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser Using Nb 2AlC Nanomaterial Saturable Absorber. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:810. [PMID: 36903689 PMCID: PMC10005740 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report the fabrication of an erbium-doped fiber-based saturable absorber (SA) of niobium aluminium carbide (Nb2AlC) nanomaterial that can generate a dissipative soliton mode-locked pulse. Stable mode-locked pulses operating at 1530 nm with repetition rates of 1 MHz and pulse widths of 6.375 ps were produced using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and the Nb2AlC nanomaterial. A peak pulse energy of 7.43 nJ was measured at 175.87 mW pump power. In addition to providing some useful design suggestions for manufacturing SAs based on MAX phase materials, this work shows the MAX phase materials' immense potential for making ultra-short laser pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arni Munira Markom
- School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Malathy Batumalay
- Faculty of Data Science and IT, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yusrina Yusof
- School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Haziq Aiman Rosol
- Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Malaysia–Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Farhanah Zulkipli
- Department of Engineering and Built Environment, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College (TARUC) Penang Branch Campus, Tanjong Bungah 11200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Razif Muhammad
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hazlihan Haris
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Saad
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Sulaiman Wadi Harun
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Selangor, Malaysia
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Lu Q, Zhao Y, Huang L, An J, Zheng Y, Yap EH. Low-Dimensional-Materials-Based Flexible Artificial Synapse: Materials, Devices, and Systems. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:373. [PMID: 36770333 PMCID: PMC9921566 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things, there is an explosion of available data for processing and analysis in any domain. However, signal processing efficiency is limited by the Von Neumann structure for the conventional computing system. Therefore, the design and construction of artificial synapse, which is the basic unit for the hardware-based neural network, by mimicking the structure and working mechanisms of biological synapses, have attracted a great amount of attention to overcome this limitation. In addition, a revolution in healthcare monitoring, neuro-prosthetics, and human-machine interfaces can be further realized with a flexible device integrating sensing, memory, and processing functions by emulating the bionic sensory and perceptual functions of neural systems. Until now, flexible artificial synapses and related neuromorphic systems, which are capable of responding to external environmental stimuli and processing signals efficiently, have been extensively studied from material-selection, structure-design, and system-integration perspectives. Moreover, low-dimensional materials, which show distinct electrical properties and excellent mechanical properties, have been extensively employed in the fabrication of flexible electronics. In this review, recent progress in flexible artificial synapses and neuromorphic systems based on low-dimensional materials is discussed. The potential and the challenges of the devices and systems in the application of neuromorphic computing and sensory systems are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Lu
- School of CHIPS, XJTLU Entrepreneur College (Taicang), Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Taicang Avenue, Taicang, Suzhou 215488, China
| | - Yinchao Zhao
- School of CHIPS, XJTLU Entrepreneur College (Taicang), Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Taicang Avenue, Taicang, Suzhou 215488, China
| | - Long Huang
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing Ecosystem, XJTLU Entrepreneur College (Taicang), Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Taicang Avenue, Taicang, Suzhou 215488, China
| | - Jiabao An
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing Ecosystem, XJTLU Entrepreneur College (Taicang), Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Taicang Avenue, Taicang, Suzhou 215488, China
| | - Yufan Zheng
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing Ecosystem, XJTLU Entrepreneur College (Taicang), Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Taicang Avenue, Taicang, Suzhou 215488, China
| | - Eng Hwa Yap
- School of Robotics, XJTLU Entrepreneur College (Taicang), Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Taicang Avenue, Taicang, Suzhou 215488, China
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Singh A, Srivastava D, Gosavi SW, Chauhan R, Ashokkumar M, Albalwi AN, Muddassir M, Kumar A. A double co-sensitization strategy using heteroleptic transition metal ferrocenyl dithiocarbamate phenanthrolene-dione for enhancing the performance of N719-based DSSCs. RSC Adv 2022; 12:28088-28097. [PMID: 36320265 PMCID: PMC9527572 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05601a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new heteroleptic dithiocarbamate complexes with formula [M(Phen-dione)(Fcdtc)]PF6 (where M = Ni(ii) Ni-Fc, Cu(ii) Cu-Fc) and [Co(Phen-dione)(Fcdtc)2]PF6 (Co-Fc) (Fcdtc = N-ethanol-N-methylferrocene dithiocarbamate and Phen-dione = 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione; PF6 - = hexafluorophosphate) were synthesized and characterized using microanalysis, FTIR, electronic absorption spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The solution state electronic absorption spectroscopy for all three complexes displayed a band at ∼430 nm corresponding to the ferrocene unit and another low-intensity band in the visible region arising because of the d-d transitions. These newly synthesized complexes were used as co-sensitizers for the state-of-the-art di-tetrabutylammonium cis-bis(isothiocyanato)bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylato)ruthenium(ii) (N719) dye in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Among the three co-sensitizers/co-adsorbent-based DSSC set-ups, the assembly fabricated using Co-Fc/N719 displayed good photovoltaic performance with 5.31% efficiency (η) while a new triple component strategy inculcating N719, Co-Fc and Cu-Fc dyes offered the best photovoltaic performance with 6.05% efficiency (η) with incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of 63%. This indicated an upliftment of the DSSC performance by ∼38% in comparison to the set-up constructed by employing only N719 dye (η = 4.39%) under similar experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Dr Rammanohar Lohia Awadh UniversityAyodhya-224001India,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of LucknowLucknow 226 007India
| | - Devyani Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of LucknowLucknow 226 007India
| | - Suresh W. Gosavi
- Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune UniversityPune-411007India
| | - Ratna Chauhan
- Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune UniversityPune-411007India
| | | | - Awad Naseer Albalwi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd. Muddassir
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia
| | - Abhinav Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of LucknowLucknow 226 007India
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Ahmed S, Qiao J, Cheng PK, Saleque AM, Ivan MNAS, Alam TI, Tsang YH. Two-Dimensional Gallium Sulfide as a Novel Saturable Absorber for Broadband Ultrafast Photonics Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:61518-61527. [PMID: 34793123 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) gallium sulfide (GaS) offers a plethora of exceptional electrical and optical properties, allowing it to be used in a wide range of applications, including photodetectors, hydrogen generation, and nonlinear optical devices. In this paper, ultrathin 2D GaS nanosheets are synthesized using the liquid-phase exfoliation method, and the structure, morphology, and chemical composition of the as-prepared nanosheets are extensively investigated. After depositing 2D GaS nanosheets on side polished fibers, successful saturable absorbers (SAs) are fabricated for the first time. The realized modulation depths are 10 and 5.3% at 1 and 1.5 μm, respectively, indicating the wideband saturable absorption performance of the prepared SAs. By integrating GaS-SAs into three different wavelength-based fiber laser cavities, stable mode-locked pulses are achieved, having pulse durations of 46.22 ps (1 μm), 614 fs (1.5 μm), and 1.02 ps (2 μm), respectively. Additionally, different orders of harmonic mode-locked pulses with the highest repetition rate of 0.55 GHz (45th order) and Q-switched pulses with the shortest pulse duration of 2.2 μs are obtained in the telecommunication waveband. These findings suggest that 2D GaS has a lot of potential for broadband ultrafast photonics in nonlinear photonics devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safayet Ahmed
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 99077, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, People's Republic of China
| | - Junpeng Qiao
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 99077, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Kwong Cheng
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 99077, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, People's Republic of China
| | - Ahmed Mortuza Saleque
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 99077, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, People's Republic of China
| | - Md Nahian Al Subri Ivan
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 99077, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, People's Republic of China
| | - Tawsif Ibne Alam
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 99077, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuen Hong Tsang
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 99077, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, People's Republic of China
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