Chelidoniummajus L. Incorporated Emulsion Electrospun PCL/PVA_PEC Nanofibrous Meshes for Antibacterial Wound Dressing Applications

Enhancing Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Review of Sericin and Chelidonium majus L. as Potential Dressings

Wound healing, a complex physiological process orchestrating intricate cellular and molecular events, seeks to restore tissue integrity. The burgeoning interest in leveraging the therapeutic potential of natural substances for advanced wound dressings is a recent phenomenon. Notably, Sericin, a silk-derived protein, and Chelidonium majus L. (C. majus), a botanical agent, have emerged as compelling candidates, providing a unique combination of natural elements that may revolutionize conventional wound care approaches. Sericin, renowned for its diverse properties, displays unique properties that accelerate the wound healing process. Simultaneously, C. majus, with its diverse pharmacological compounds, shows promise in reducing inflammation and promoting tissue regeneration. As the demand for innovative wound care solutions increases, understanding the therapeutic potential of natural products becomes imperative. This review synthesizes current knowledge on Sericin and C. majus, envisioning their future roles in advancing wound management strategies. The exploration of these natural substances as constituents of wound dressings provides a promising avenue for developing sustainable, effective, and biocompatible materials that could significantly impact the field of wound healing.

Electrospun wound dressings with antibacterial function: a critical review of plant extract and essential oil incorporation

Among the many different types of wound dressings, nanofiber-based materials produced through electrospinning are claimed to be ideal because of their advantageous intrinsic properties and the feasibility of employing several strategies to load bioactive compounds into their structure. Bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties have been incorporated into different wound dressings to promote healing as well as prevent and treat bacterial infections. Among these, natural products, such as medicinal plant extracts and essential oils (EOs), have proven particularly attractive thanks to their nontoxic nature, minor side effects, desirable bioactive properties, and favorable effects on the healing process. To this end, the present review provides an exhaustive and up-to-date revision of the most prominent medicinal plant extracts and EOs with antimicrobial properties that have been incorporated into nanofiber-based wound dressings. The most common methods used for incorporating bioactive compounds into electrospun nanofibers include: pre-electrospinning (blend, encapsulation, coaxial, and emulsion electrospinning), post-electrospinning (physical adsorption, chemical immobilization, and layer-by-layer assembly), and nanoparticle loading. Furthermore, a general overview of the benefits of EOs and medicinal plant extracts is presented, describing their intrinsic properties and biotechniques for their incorporation into wound dressings. Finally, the current challenges and safety issues that need to be adequately clarified and addressed are discussed.

Development of 3D-Printable Albumin-Alginate Foam for Wound Dressing Applications

In this article, a method to develop 3D printable hybrid sodium alginate and albumin foam, crosslinked with calcium chloride mist is introduced. Using this method, highly porous structures are produced without the need of further postprocessing (such as freeze drying). The proposed method is particularly beneficial in the development of wound dressing as the printed foams show excellent lift-off and water absorption properties. Compared with methods that use liquid crosslinker, the use of mist prevents the leaching of biocompounds into the liquid crosslinker. 3D printing technique was chosen to provide more versatility over the wound dressing geometry. Calcium chloride and rhodamine B were used as the crosslinking material and the model drug, respectively. Various biomaterial inks were prepared by different concentrations of sodium alginate and albumin, and the fabricated scaffolds were crosslinked in mist, liquid, or kept without crosslinking. The effects of biomaterial composition and the crosslinking density on the wound dressing properties were assessed through printability studies. The mist-crosslinked biomaterial ink composed of 1% (w/v) sodium alginate and 12% (w/v) albumin showed the superior printability. The fabricated scaffolds were also characterized through porosity, mechanical, degradation, and drug release tests. The mist-crosslinked scaffolds showed superior mechanical properties and provided relatively prolonged drug release.

PVA-Based Electrospun Materials-A Promising Route to Designing Nanofiber Mats with Desired Morphological Shape-A Review

Poly(vinyl alcohol) is one of the most attractive polymers with a wide range of uses because of its water solubility, biocompatibility, low toxicity, good mechanical properties, and relatively low cost. This review article focuses on recent advances in poly(vinyl alcohol) electrospinning and summarizes parameters of the process (voltage, distance, flow rate, and collector), solution (molecular weight and concentration), and ambient (humidity and temperature) in order to comprehend the influence on the structural, mechanical, and chemical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)-based electrospun matrices. The importance of poly(vinyl alcohol) electrospinning in biomedical applications is emphasized by exploring a literature review on biomedical applications including wound dressings, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and biosensors. The study also highlights a new promising area of particles formation through the electrospraying of poly(vinyl alcohol). The limitations and advantages of working with different poly(vinyl alcohol) matrices are reviewed, and some recommendations for the future are made to advance this field of study.

Electrospun Core-Sheath Nanofibers with a Cellulose Acetate Coating for the Synergistic Release of Zinc Ion and Drugs

Precisely modulating the synergistic release behavior of multiple bioactive substances has emerged as a formidable challenge in recent years. In this work, we successfully prepared core-sheath nanofibers, where a thin cellulose acetate (CA) coating enrobed the core. Curcumin (Cur) was encapsulated in the core layer as a model drug, while zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were loaded on the sheath layer. The prepared fiber exhibited a straight cylindrical morphology containing nanoparticles, and the distinct core-sheath nanostructure was demonstrated through transmission electron microscopy (TEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) were conducted to study the physical state and compatibility among CA, Cur, and ZnO. Drug release data indicated that core-sheath nanofibers were able to decelerate the rate of drug release, and the thickness of the sheath layer increased in the presence of ZnO particles. Most remarkably, these core-sheath nanofibers exhibited the remarkable ability to sustain the release of drugs and zinc ion (Zn2+), the two-day synergistically release behavior leading to a significant increase in cell proliferation. This material preparation strategy for the synergistic and controlled release of two bioactive substances is instructive for the exploration of innovative and versatile drug delivery systems.

Stable encapsulation of camellia oil in core-shell zein nanofibers fabricated by emulsion electrospinning

This study aimed to develop core-shell nanofibers by emulsion electrospinning using zein-stabilized emulsions to encapsulate camellia oil effectively. The increasing oil volume fraction (φ from 10% to 60%) increased the apparent viscosity and average droplet size of emulsions, resulting in the average diameter of electrospun fibers increasing from 124.5 nm to 286.2 nm. The oil droplets as the core were randomly distributed in fibers in the form of beads, and the core-shell structure of fibers was observed in TEM images. FTIR indicated that hydrogen bond interactions occurred between zein and camellia oil molecules. The increasing oil volume fraction enhanced the thermal stability, hydrophobicity, and water stability of electrospun nanofiber films. The core-shell nanofibers with 10%, 20%, 40%, and 60% camellia oil showed encapsulation efficiency of 78.53%, 80.25%, 84.52%, and 84.39%, respectively, and had good storage stability. These findings contribute to developing zein-based core-shell electrospun fibers to encapsulate bioactive substances.

State-of-the-Art Review of Advanced Electrospun Nanofiber Composites for Enhanced Wound Healing

Wound healing is a complex biological process with four main phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Current treatments such as cotton and gauze may delay the wound healing process which gives a demand for more innovative treatments. Nanofibers are nanoparticles that resemble the extracellular matrix of the skin and have a large specific surface area, high porosity, good mechanical properties, controllable morphology, and size. Nanofibers are generated by electrospinning method that utilizes high electric force. Electrospinning device composed of high voltage power source, syringe that contains polymer solution, needle, and collector to collect nanofibers. Many polymers can be used in nanofiber that can be from natural or from synthetic origin. As such, electrospun nanofibers are potential scaffolds for wound healing applications. This review discusses the advanced electrospun nanofiber morphologies used in wound healing that is prepared by modified electrospinning techniques.

Electrospun PVA Fibers for Drug Delivery: A Review

Innovation in biomedical science is always a field of interest for researchers. Drug delivery, being one of the key areas of biomedical science, has gained considerable significance. The utilization of simple yet effective techniques such as electrospinning has undergone significant development in the field of drug delivery. Various polymers such as PEG (polyethylene glycol), PLGA (Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)), PLA(Polylactic acid), and PCA (poly(methacrylate citric acid)) have been utilized to prepare electrospinning-based drug delivery systems (DDSs). Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has recently gained attention because of its biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and ideal mechanical properties as these are the key factors in developing DDSs. Moreover, it has shown promising results in developing DDSs individually and when combined with natural and synthetic polymers such as chitosan and polycaprolactone (PCL). Considering the outstanding properties of PVA, the aim of this review paper was therefore to summarize these recent advances by highlighting the potential of electrospun PVA for drug delivery systems.

Electrospun Nanofibers Loaded with Plantago major L. Extract for Potential Use in Cutaneous Wound Healing

Plantago major L. is a plant available worldwide that has been traditionally used for several medical applications due to its wound healing, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. This work aimed to develop and evaluate a nanostructured PCL electrospun dressing with P. major extract encapsulated in nanofibers for applications in wound healing. The extract from leaves was obtained by extraction in a mixture of water:ethanol = 1:1. The freeze-dried extract presented a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Staphylococcus Aureus susceptible and resistant to methicillin of 5.3 mg/mL, a high antioxidant capacity, but a low content of total flavonoids. Electrospun mats without defects were successfully produced using two P. major extract concentrations based on the MIC value. The extract incorporation in PCL nanofibers was confirmed using FTIR and contact angle measurements. The PCL/P. major extract was evaluated using DSC and TGA demonstrating that the incorporation of the extract decreases the thermal stability of the mats as well as the degree of crystallinity of PCL-based fibers. The P. major extract incorporation on electrospun mats produced a significant swelling degree (more than 400%) and increased the capacity of adsorbing wound exudates and moisture, important characteristics for skin healing. The extract-controlled release evaluated using in vitro study in PBS (pH, 7.4) shows that the P. major extract delivery from the mats occurs in the first 24 h, demonstrating their potential capacity to be used in wound healing.

Unique Fiber Morphologies from Emulsion Electrospinning—A Case Study of Poly(ε-caprolactone) and Its Applications

The importance of electrospinning to produce biomimicking micro- and nano-fibrous matrices is realized by many who work in the area of fibers. Based on the solubility of the materials to be spun, organic solvents are typically utilized. The toxicity of the utilized organic solvent could be extremely important for various applications, including tissue engineering, biomedical, agricultural, etc. In addition, the high viscosities of such polymer solutions limit the use of high polymer concentrations and lower down productivity along with the limitations of obtaining desired fiber morphology. This emphasizes the need for a method that would allay worries about safety, toxicity, and environmental issues along with the limitations of using concentrated polymer solutions. To mitigate these issues, the use of emulsions as precursors for electrospinning has recently gained significant attention. Presence of dispersed and continuous phase in emulsion provides an easy route to incorporate sensitive bioactive functional moieties within the core-sheath fibers which otherwise could only be hardly achieved using cumbersome coaxial electrospinning process in solution or melt based approaches. This review presents a detailed understanding of emulsion behavior during electrospinning along with the role of various constituents and process parameters during fiber formation. Though many polymers have been studied for emulsion electrospinning, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is one of the most studied polymers for this technique. Therefore, electrospinning of PCL based emulsions is highlighted as unique case-study, to provide a detailed theoretical understanding, discussion of experimental results along with their suitable biomedical applications.

Antimicrobial Nano Coatings

History has demonstrated that the uncontrolled fast thriving of potentially pathogenic microorganisms may lead to serious consequences and, thus, the approaches helping to control the microbial numbers in infectional hot-spots are necessary [...].

Tap the sap - investigation of latex-bearing plants in the search of potential anticancer biopharmaceuticals

Latex-bearing plants have been in the research spotlight for the past couple of decades. Since ancient times their extracts have been used in folk medicine to treat various illnesses. Currently they serve as promising candidates for cancer treatment. Up to date there have been several in vitro and in vivo studies related to the topic of cytotoxicity and anticancer activity of extracts from latex-bearing plants towards various cell types. The number of clinical studies still remains scarce, however, over the years the number is systematically increasing. To the best of our knowledge, the scientific community is still lacking in a recent review summarizing the research on the topic of cytotoxicity and anticancer activity of latex-bearing plant extracts. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge on in vitro and in vivo studies, which focus on the cytotoxicity and anticancer activities of latex-bearing plants. The vast majority of the studies are in vitro, however, the interest in this topic has resulted in the substantial growth of the number of in vivo studies, leading to a promising number of plant species whose latex can potentially be tested in clinical trials. The paper is divided into sections, each of them focuses on specific latex-bearing plant family representatives and their potential anticancer activity, which in some instances is comparable to that induced by commonly used therapeutics currently available on the market. The cytotoxic effect of the plant's crude latex, its fractions or isolated compounds, is analyzed, along with a study of cell apoptosis, chromatin condensation, DNA damage, changes in gene regulation and morphology changes, which can be observed in cell post plant extract addition. The in vivo studies go beyond the molecular level by showing significant reduction of the tumor growth and volume in animal models. Additionally, we present data regarding plant-mediated biosynthesis of nanoparticles, which is regarded as a new branch in plant latex research. It is solely based on the green-synthesis approach, which presents an interesting alternative to chemical-based nanoparticle synthesis. We have analyzed the cytotoxic effect of these particles on cells. Data regarding the cytotoxicity of such particles raises their potential to be involved in the design of novel cancer therapies, which further underlines the significance of latex-bearing plants in biotechnology. Throughout the course of this review, we concluded that plant latex is a rich source of many compounds, which can be further investigated and applied in the design of anticancer pharmaceuticals. The molecules, to which this cytotoxic effect can be attributed, include alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, proteases, nucleases and many novel compounds, which still remain to be characterized. They have been studied extensively in both in vitro and in vivo studies, which provide an excellent starting point for their rapid transfer to clinical studies in the near future. The comprehensive study of molecules from latex-bearing plants can result in finding a promising alternative to several pharmaceuticals on the market and help unravel the molecular mode of action of latex-based preparations.

Thyme-Loaded Nanofibrous Dressing for Skin Wound Healing: A Combination of Chinese Traditional Medicine with Cutting-Edge Technology

The skin has vital functions and its defects and damages must be properly treated and healed. Chinese traditional herbal medicine has a long history in skin wound healing, and its merging with novel approaches (nanotechnology) has resulted in more promising results. The current study aimed to combine the biological properties of a long-lasting Chinese traditional herbal medicine (Thyme) with cutting-edge technology (electrospinning) to the fabricated interactive and bioactive wound dressing. The extract of Thyme was obtained and added into the polymeric solution and converted to the nanofibrous wound dressing. The SEM analysis revealed that the fabricated nanofibers were intact without deformity with an acceptable nanometric diameter. The release kinetics evaluation showed that 80±4% of the extract was released from the nanofibers during the first 24 h. Hemolysis lower than 8% for all nanofibers revealed hemocompatibility in the fabricated wound dressings. The in vitro studies confirmed the cytocompatibility of the nanofibers. The applied animal studies exhibited that the Thyme-loaded nanofibrous dressing enhanced the wound-healing process in a dose-dependent manner. These findings demonstrate the combination of Chinese traditional herbal medicine with modern cutting-edge technology, resulting in an interactive nanofibrous mat with promising potential as the wound dressing material.

Electrospun Porous Nanofibers with Imprinted Patterns Induced by Phase Separation of Immiscible Polymer Blends

Nanofibrous nonwoven fabrics have attracted attention as porous adsorbents with high specific surface areas for the safe and efficient treatment of spilled organic dyes and petroleum. For this purpose, a method of fabricating porous nanofibers with high specific surface areas would be highly beneficial. In this study, the phase separation in nanofibers electrospun from blended solutions of immiscible polymers [poly(styrene) (PS) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP)] was investigated. The removal of PVP as a sacrificial polymer afforded the imprinting of mesopores (40-70 nm) in the PS nanofibers. The effects of solution composition (PS/PVP in N,N-dimethylformamide) on the structure formation in the fibers were investigated. The nanofibers thus obtained could selectively adsorb low-molecular-weight hydrophobic dyes, such as Nile Red and Oil Red O. Thus, it is expected that the combined approach of electrospinning of immiscible polymer blends and phase separation-induced patterning can be applied to the fabrication of functional nanofibers for diverse applications.

Effect of Ionic and Non-Ionic Surfactant on Bovine Serum Albumin Encapsulation and Biological Properties of Emulsion-Electrospun Fibers

Emulsion electrospinning is a method of modifying a fibers’ surface and functional properties by encapsulation of the bioactive molecules. In our studies, bovine serum albumin (BSA) played the role of the modifier, and to protect the protein during the electrospinning process, the W/O (water-in-oil) emulsions were prepared, consisting of polymer and micelles formed from BSA and anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate–S) or nonionic (Tween 80–T) surfactant. It was found that the micelle size distribution was strongly dependent on the nature and the amount of the surfactant, indicating that a higher concentration of the surfactant results in a higher tendency to form smaller micelles (4–9 µm for S and 8–13 µm for T). The appearance of anionic surfactant micelles reduced the diameter of the fiber (100–700 nm) and the wettability of the nonwoven surface (up to 77°) compared to un-modified PCL polymer fibers (100–900 nm and 130°). The use of a non-ionic surfactant resulted in better loading efficiency of micelles with albumin (about 90%), lower wettability of the nonwoven fabric (about 25°) and the formation of larger fibers (100–1100 nm). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to detect the presence of the protein, and UV-Vis spectrophotometry was used to determine the loading efficiency and the nature of the release. The results showed that the location of the micelles influenced the release profiles of the protein, and the materials modified with micelles with the nonionic surfactant showed no burst release. The release kinetics was characteristic of the zero-order release model compared to anionic surfactants. The selected surfactant concentrations did not adversely affect the biological properties of fibrous substrates, such as high viability and low cytotoxicity of RAW macrophages 264.7.

Recent Fabrication Methods to Produce Polymer-Based Drug Delivery Matrices (Experimental and In Silico Approaches)

The study of novel drug delivery systems represents one of the frontiers of the biomedical research area. Multi-disciplinary scientific approaches combining traditional or engineered technologies are used to provide major advances in improving drug bioavailability, rate of release, cell/tissue specificity and therapeutic index. Biodegradable and bio-absorbable polymers are usually the building blocks of these systems, and their copolymers are employed to create delivery components. For example, poly (lactic acid) or poly (glycolic acid) are often used as bricks for the production drug-based delivery systems as polymeric microparticles (MPs) or micron-scale needles. To avoid time-consuming empirical approaches for the optimization of these formulations, in silico-supported models have been developed. These methods can predict and tune the release of different drugs starting from designed combinations. Starting from these considerations, this review has the aim of investigating recent approaches to the production of polymeric carriers and the combination of in silico and experimental methods as promising platforms in the biomedical field.

Recent Trends in Protective Textiles against Biological Threats: A Focus on Biological Warfare Agents

The rising threats to worldwide security (affecting the military, first responders, and civilians) urge us to develop efficient and versatile technological solutions to protect human beings. Soldiers, medical personnel, firefighters, and law enforcement officers should be adequately protected, so that their exposure to biological warfare agents (BWAs) is minimized, and infectious microorganisms cannot be spread so easily. Current bioprotective military garments include multilayered fabrics integrating activated carbon as a sorptive agent and a separate filtrating layer for passive protection. However, secondary contaminants emerge following their accumulation within the carbon filler. The clothing becomes too heavy and warm to wear, not breathable even, preventing the wearer from working for extended hours. Hence, a strong need exists to select and/or create selectively permeable layered fibrous structures with bioactive agents that offer an efficient filtering capability and biocidal skills, ensuring lightweightness, comfort, and multifunctionality. This review aims to showcase the main possibilities and trends of bioprotective textiles, focusing on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), inorganic nanoparticles (e.g., ZnO-based), and organic players such as chitosan (CS)-based small-scale particles and plant-derived compounds as bioactive agents. The textile itself should be further evaluated as the foundation for the barrier effect and in terms of comfort. The outputs of a thorough, standardized characterization should dictate the best elements for each approach.

Development of PVA-Psyllium Husk Meshes via Emulsion Electrospinning: Preparation, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity

In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and psyllium husk (PSH)/D-limonene electrospun meshes were produced by emulsion electrospinning for use as substrates to prevent the growth of bacteria. D-limonene and modified microcrystalline cellulose (mMCC) were preferred as antibacterial agents. SEM micrographs showed that PVA–PSH electrospun mesh with a 4% amount of D-limonene has the best average fiber distribution with 298.38 ± 62.8 nm. Moreover, the fiber morphology disrupts with the addition of 6% D-limonene. FT-IR spectroscopy was used to analyze the chemical structure between matrix–antibacterial agents (mMCC and D-limonene). Although there were some partial physical interactions in the FT-IR spectrum, no chemical reactions were seen between the matrixes and the antibacterial agents. The thermal properties of the meshes were determined using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The thermal stability of the samples increased with the addition of mMCC. Further, the PVA–PSH–mMCC mesh had the highest value of contact angle (81° ± 4.05). The antibacterial activity of functional meshes against Gram (−) (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram (+) bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) was specified based on a zone inhibition test. PPMD6 meshes had the highest antibacterial results with 21 mm, 16 mm, and 15 mm against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. While increasing the amount of D-limonene enhanced the antibacterial activity, it significantly decreased the amount of release in cases of excess D-limonene amount. Due to good fiber morphology, the highest D-limonene release value (83.1%) was observed in PPMD4 functional meshes. The developed functional meshes can be utilized as wound dressing material based on our data.

Ethnopharmacology for Skin Diseases and Cosmetics during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Lithuania

The documentation of ethnopharmaceutical knowledge has always been important for the preservation of countries’ cultural, social, and economic identity. The COVID-19 pandemic with the collapse of healthcare, which has left the individual health to self-care, has also forced us to look back at ethnopharmacology from a practical point of view. This is the first study in Lithuania, dedicated entirely to ethnopharmaceuticals used for skin diseases and cosmetics, and the first study to analyse ethnopharmacology as a Lithuanian phenomenon during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The main purpose of this study was to collect and evaluate ethnopharmaceutical knowledge regarding skin diseases and cosmetics in Šiauliai District, Lithuania during the COVID-19 pandemic from July 2020 to October 2021. This study surveyed 50 respondents; the survey was conducted using the deep interview method. The respondents mentioned 67 species of medicinal plants from 37 different families used for skin diseases (64.18%), cosmetics (13.44%) and cosmeceuticals (22.38%). Of the 67 plant species, 43 (64%) were not included in the European Medicines Agency monographs and only 14 species (21%) of all included species were used with European Medicines Agency approved medical indications for skin diseases. In terms of public health, the safety of “self-treatment” and recovery rituals for skin diseases are no less important than ethnopharmacological knowledge and its application, this being especially relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Sustainable Packaging Material Based on PCL Nanofibers and Lavandula luisieri Essential Oil, to Preserve Museological Textiles

The connection with textiles is one of the oldest traditions in humanity, and in the historical scenario, textiles and clothing deal with material culture. Therefore, preservation is of the utmost importance to keep this important heritage. Packaging and protection of museological textiles is imperative due to the risks that these articles suffer, mainly concerning the attack of microorganisms that promote the acceleration of their degradation, and it is still necessary to create a proper packing material. In the present work we describe a bibliographic review about the museological scenario, focused on the packaging for preservation of textile articles, as well as the techniques usually used in preventive material conservation. Future perpsctives for the improvement in the conservation of museological textiles are also given. This research aims to produce a sustainable material based on polycaprolactone (PCL), with and without antimicrobial function by incorporating Lavandula luisieri essential oil (EO), in the form of a non-woven substrate for museological packaging. A comparison was made with the most frequently used materials, such as raw cotton and a non-woven polyester. The results demonstrated that both PCL and PCL + EO obtained a good characterization for museological application with good breaking strength and excellent whiteness index. In addition, PCL + EO showed a high bacterial reduction when compared with other protective materials frequently used in museums. Therefore, these findings emphasize the potential use of this material as an innovative protective antibacterial museological packaging solution, able to safeguard and preserve textile museum and clothing collections for longer and for future generations.

Preliminary Characterization of a Polycaprolactone-SurgihoneyRO Electrospun Mesh for Skin Tissue Engineering

Skin is a hierarchical and multi-cellular organ exposed to the external environment with a key protective and regulatory role. Wounds caused by disease and trauma can lead to a loss of function, which can be debilitating and even cause death. Accelerating the natural skin healing process and minimizing the risk of infection is a clinical challenge. Electrospinning is a key technology in the development of wound dressings and skin substitutes as it enables extracellular matrix-mimicking fibrous structures and delivery of bioactive materials. Honey is a promising biomaterial for use in skin tissue engineering applications and has antimicrobial properties and potential tissue regenerative properties. This preliminary study investigates a solution electrospun composite nanofibrous mesh based on polycaprolactone and a medical grade honey, SurgihoneyRO. The processing conditions were optimized and assessed by scanning electron microscopy to fabricate meshes with uniform fiber diameters and minimal presence of beads. The chemistry of the composite meshes was examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photon spectroscopy showing incorporation of honey into the polymer matrix. Meshes incorporating honey had lower mechanical properties due to lower polymer content but were more hydrophilic, resulting in an increase in swelling and an accelerated degradation profile. The biocompatibility of the meshes was assessed using human dermal fibroblasts and adipose-derived stem cells, which showed comparable or higher cell metabolic activity and viability for SurgihoneyRO-containing meshes compared to polycaprolactone only meshes. The meshes showed no antibacterial properties in a disk diffusion test due to a lack of hydrogen peroxide production and release. The developed polycaprolactone-honey nanofibrous meshes have potential for use in skin applications.

Functionalized Antimicrobial Nanofibers: Design Criteria and Recent Advances

The rise of antibiotic resistance has become a major threat to human health and it is spreading globally. It can cause common infectious diseases to be difficult to treat and leads to higher medical costs and increased mortality. Hence, multifunctional polymeric nanofibers with distinctive structures and unique physiochemical properties have emerged as a neo-tool to target biofilm and overcome deadly bacterial infections. This review emphasizes electrospun nanofibers' design criteria and properties that can be utilized to enhance their therapeutic activity for antimicrobial therapy. Also, we present recent progress in designing the surface functionalization of antimicrobial nanofibers with non-antibiotic agents for effective antibacterial therapy. Lastly, we discuss the future trends and remaining challenges for polymeric nanofibers.

Electrospun Medicated Nanofibers for Wound Healing: Review

With the increasing demand for wound care and treatment worldwide, traditional dressings have been unable to meet the needs of the existing market due to their limited antibacterial properties and other defects. Electrospinning technology has attracted more and more researchers' attention as a simple and versatile manufacturing method. The electrospun nanofiber membrane has a unique structure and biological function similar to the extracellular matrix (ECM), and is considered an advanced wound dressing. They have significant potential in encapsulating and delivering active substances that promote wound healing. This article first discusses the common types of wound dressing, and then summarizes the development of electrospun fiber preparation technology. Finally, the polymers and common biologically active substances used in electrospinning wound dressings are summarized, and portable electrospinning equipment is also discussed. Additionally, future research needs are put forward.