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Smyrnova K, Sahul M, Haršáni M, Beresnev V, Truchlý M, Čaplovič L, Čaplovičová M, Kusý M, Kozak A, Flock D, Kassymbaev A, Pogrebnjak A. Composite Materials with Nanoscale Multilayer Architecture Based on Cathodic-Arc Evaporated WN/NbN Coatings. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:17247-17265. [PMID: 38645329 PMCID: PMC11024943 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Hard nitride coatings are commonly employed to protect components subjected to friction, whereby such coatings should possess excellent tribomechanical properties in order to endure high stresses and temperatures. In this study, WN/NbN coatings are synthesized by using the cathodic-arc evaporation (CA-PVD) technique at various negative bias voltages in the 50-200 V range. The phase composition, microstructural features, and tribomechanical properties of the multilayers are comprehensively studied. Fabricated coatings have a complex structure of three nanocrystalline phases: β-W2N, δ-NbN, and ε-NbN. They demonstrate a tendency for (111)-oriented grains to overgrow (200)-oriented grains with increasing coating thickness. All of the data show that a decrease in the fraction of ε-NbN phase and formation of the (111)-textured grains positively impact mechanical properties and wear behavior. Investigation of the room-temperature tribological properties reveals that with an increase in bias voltage from -50 to -200 V, the wear mechanisms change as follows: oxidative → fatigue and oxidative → adhesive and oxidative. Furthermore, WN/NbN coatings demonstrate a high hardness of 33.6-36.6 GPa and a low specific wear rate of (1.9-4.1) × 10-6 mm3/Nm. These results indicate that synthesized multilayers hold promise for tribological applications as wear-resistant coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Smyrnova
- Institute
of Materials Science, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, J. Bottu St. 25, 917 24 Trnava, Slovak Republic
- Biomedical
Research Centre, Sumy State University, Rymskogo-Korsakova St. 2, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Martin Sahul
- Institute
of Materials Science, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, J. Bottu St. 25, 917 24 Trnava, Slovak Republic
| | - Marián Haršáni
- Research
and Development Department, Staton, s.r.o., Sadová 1148, 038 53 Turany, Slovak
Republic
| | - Vyacheslav Beresnev
- Department
of Reactor Engineering Materials and Physical Technologies, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Svobody Sq. 4, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Martin Truchlý
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Comenius University
in Bratislava, Mlynská
dolina F2, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - L’ubomír Čaplovič
- Institute
of Materials Science, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, J. Bottu St. 25, 917 24 Trnava, Slovak Republic
| | - Mária Čaplovičová
- Centre
for
Nanodiagnostics of Materials, Slovak University
of Technology in Bratislava, Vazovova 5, 812 43 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Martin Kusý
- Institute
of Materials Science, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, J. Bottu St. 25, 917 24 Trnava, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrii Kozak
- Institute
of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Dominik Flock
- Institute
of Materials Science and Engineering, Ilmenau University of Technology, Gustav-Kirchhoff Str. 1, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Alexey Kassymbaev
- Center
of Advanced Development “VERITAS”, D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan State Technical University, Protozanova St. 69, 070004 Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexander Pogrebnjak
- Institute
of Materials Science, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, J. Bottu St. 25, 917 24 Trnava, Slovak Republic
- Biomedical
Research Centre, Sumy State University, Rymskogo-Korsakova St. 2, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
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Khan ZA, Nazir MH, Saeed A. Development of Nanocomposite Coatings. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4377. [PMID: 36558230 PMCID: PMC9788522 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This Special Issue in Nanomaterials, "Development of Nanocomposite Coatings", was set up with the aim to provide authors with an opportunity to showcase their latest developments in this field [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfiqar A. Khan
- NanoCorr, Energy & Modelling (NCEM) Research Group, Department of Design & Engineering, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Poole BH12 5BB, UK
| | - Mian H. Nazir
- Faculty of Computing Engineering and Sciences, University of South Wales, Treforest Campus, Pontypridd CF37 1BF, UK
| | - Adil Saeed
- NanoCorr, Energy & Modelling (NCEM) Research Group, Department of Design & Engineering, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Poole BH12 5BB, UK
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Fu Y, Li H, Chen J, Guo H, Wang X. Microstructure, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Arc Ion Plating NbN-Based Nanocomposite Films. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3909. [PMID: 36364686 PMCID: PMC9655467 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
NbN, NbN-Ag and NbN/NbN-Ag multilayer nanocomposite films were successfully deposited by an arc ion plating system (AIP), and their microstructures, mechanical and tribological properties were systematically investigated. The results show that all the films had a polycrystalline structure, and the Ag in the Ag-doped films existed independently as a face-centered cubic phase. The content of Ag in NbN-Ag and NbN/NbN-Ag films was 20.11 and 9.07 at.%, respectively. NbN films fabricated by AIP technique had excellent mechanical properties, and their hardness and critical load were up to 44 GPa and 34.6 N, respectively. The introduction of Ag into NbN films obviously reduced the friction coefficient at room temperature, while the mechanical properties and wear resistance were degraded sharply in comparison with that of NbN films. However, the NbN/NbN-Ag films presented better hardness, H/E*, H3/E*2, adhesive strength and wear resistance than NbN-Ag films. Additionally, analysis of wear surfaces of the studied films and Al2O3 balls using 3D images, depth profiles, energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and Raman spectra indicated that the main wear mechanisms of NbN and NbN/NbN-Ag films were adhesive and oxidation wear with slight abrasive wear, while the severe abrasive and oxidation wear were the dominant wear mechanism for NbN-Ag films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Fu
- Bailie School of Petroleum Engineering, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hongxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hongjian Guo
- School of Bailie Mechanical Engineering, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Bailie Mechanical Engineering, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Bauyrzhan R, Alexander P, Zhuldyz S, Dastan B, Vyacheslav B, Mukhamedova A. Effect of Bilayer Thickness and Bias Potential on the Structure and Properties of (TiZr/Nb)N Multilayer Coatings as a Result of Arc-PVD Deposition. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7696. [PMID: 36363288 PMCID: PMC9655261 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This work is devoted to the study of the formation of nanostructured multilayer coatings (TiZr/Nb)N on the surface of an AISI 321 steel substrate depending on the deposition parameters of the Arc-PVD method. The results of the X-ray diffraction analysis showed the formation of solid solution (TiNb)N and ZrN in the multilayer coatings with an FCC structure, ε-NbN with a hexagonal structure, as well as with a small volume fraction of the ε-Ti2N and β-Nb2N phase. On the basis of phase composition data, it is possible to assume that an increase in the number of bilayers leads to a decrease in the nitrogen concentration in the bilayers and, consequently, to a decrease in the volume fraction of ε-NbN and β-Nb2N nitrides. In all investigated systems obtained at -100 V and -200 V bias potentials, ε-NbN is the main phase. The study of the element distribution over the thickness of the (TiZr/Nb)N coating confirms the results of the X-ray diffraction analysis. The use of the structure model in the form of alternating layers allows for significantly improving the adhesion characteristics of the protective coating, as well as ensuring their high hardness. Based on the experimental results, it is possible to analyze changes in the mechanical and tribological properties of multilayer coatings depending on the number of applied bilayers. The results of the study of the elastic modulus and hardness of multilayer coatings (TiZrNb)N with different numbers of bilayers showed that a large number of bilayers (small thickness of each individual layer) shows the lowest value of hardness. It is assumed that as the bilayer thickness decreases, the coating characteristics are closer to the monolayer alloy than to the multilayer structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhadilov Bauyrzhan
- Surface Engineering and Tribology Research Center, Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070002, Kazakhstan
| | - Pogrebnjak Alexander
- Department of Nanoelectronics and Surface Modification, Sumy State University, Rymskogo-Korsakova Str., 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
- Department of Motor Vehicles, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38D, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sagdoldina Zhuldyz
- Surface Engineering and Tribology Research Center, Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070002, Kazakhstan
| | - Buitkenov Dastan
- Surface Engineering and Tribology Research Center, Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070002, Kazakhstan
| | - Beresnev Vyacheslav
- Department of Materials for Reactor Building and Physical Technologies, V.N. Karazin Kharkov National University, Svobody 4, 61000 Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Amina Mukhamedova
- Faculty of Basic Engineering Training, D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan
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