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Pu ZF, Wen QL, Wu BC, Li CH, Li RS, Ling J, Cao Q. Synthesis of shape-controlled covalent organic frameworks for light scattering detection of iron and chromium ions. Talanta 2024; 279:126682. [PMID: 39116734 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Fabricating covalent organic frameworks with different morphologies based on the same structural motifs is both interesting and challenging. Here, a TTA-TFP-COF was synthesized by both solvothermal and room temperature methods, with 2,4,6-Tris(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TTA) and 1,3,5-tris(4-formylphenyl)-benzene (TFP) as raw material. Using different synthesis conditions and adding aniline and benzaldehyde as regulators in the synthesis process, we found that these processes could slow down the reaction speed, increase the exchange and metathesis reactions of dynamic reversible reactions, and improve the reversibility of the reaction system. Thus, controllable synthesis of TTA-TFP-COF with different morphologies, including micro-particles, hollow tubes with controllable diameters, and micro-flowers was achieved. Our further study found that metal ions, Fe3+ and Cr3+ ions, could coordinate with N and O in TTA-TFP-COF and partially destroy the structure of TTA-TFP-COF. The particle size of the TTA-TFP-COF became smaller, thus resulting in the decrease of the light scattering intensity of the COF. An excellent linear relationship exists between the light scattering changes (ΔI) and metal ions concentration (c) from 2.0 to 350.0 μM for Fe3+ and 40.0-800.0 μM for Cr3+, respectively. Thus, rapid and selective analytical methods for detecting metal ions were developed by TTA-TFP-COF here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Fen Pu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qiu-Lin Wen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming, 650214, China
| | - Bi-Chao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Chun-Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Rong Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jian Ling
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Qiue Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Jing X, Liu JM, Wang S. Emerging Nano/Microporous Architectures for Food Hazards: New Strategies for Precise Inspection and New Principles for Controllable Regulation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:18794-18808. [PMID: 39160142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c05300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
The big progress of materials science along with chemical engineering and biotechnology has significantly promoted interdisciplinary development, achieving advanced analytical methodologies, improved inspection performance, as well as promising regulation principles for food safety. The very recent progress on nano/microporous architectures for agri-food science, including new strategies for precise inspection and new principles for controllable regulation of food hazards, are summarized and discussed. Major attention is paid to the newly emerged porous architectures with their derivative nano/microstructures contributing to food safety through their instinctive advantages including special material surface, extraordinary porous structure, ease-of-modification, and excellent diversity and variability. This review clearly and logically displays the research road maps and development trends for current food safety issues and give suggestive directions for future outlook as well as the bottleneck problems to be solved, not only smart inspection and analysis but also elimination and control of ever-emerging food hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Jing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, Peoples R China
| | - Jing-Min Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China
| | - Shuo Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, Peoples R China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China
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3
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Younas R, Jubeen F, Bano N, Andreescu S, Zhang H, Hayat A. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as carrier for improved drug delivery and biosensing applications. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:2017-2049. [PMID: 38665008 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Porous organic frameworks (POFs) represent a significant subclass of nanoporous materials in the field of materials science, offering exceptional characteristics for advanced applications. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as a novel and intriguing type of porous material, have garnered considerable attention due to their unique design capabilities, diverse nature, and wide-ranging applications. The unique structural features of COFs, such as high surface area, tuneable pore size, and chemical stability, render them highly attractive for various applications, including targeted and controlled drug release, as well as improving the sensitivity and selectivity of electrochemical biosensors. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend the methods employed in creating COFs with specific properties that can be effectively utilized in biomedical applications. To address this indispensable fact, this review paper commences with a concise summary of the different methods and classifications utilized in synthesizing COFs. Second, it highlights the recent advancements in COFs for drug delivery, including drug carriers as well as the classification of drug delivery systems and biosensing, encompassing drugs, biomacromolecules, small biomolecules and the detection of biomarkers. While exploring the potential of COFs in the biomedical field, it is important to acknowledge the limitations that researchers may encounter, which could impact the practicality of their applications. Third, this paper concludes with a thought-provoking discussion that thoroughly addresses the challenges and opportunities associated with leveraging COFs for biomedical applications. This review paper aims to contribute to the scientific community's understanding of the immense potential of COFs in improving drug delivery systems and enhancing the performance of biosensors in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rida Younas
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Shandong, China
- Department of Chemistry, Govt College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Jubeen
- Department of Chemistry, Govt College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nargis Bano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Silvana Andreescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York, USA
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Shandong, China
| | - Akhtar Hayat
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Shandong, China
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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Rajput SK, Mothika VS. Powders to Thin Films: Advances in Conjugated Microporous Polymer Chemical Sensors. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300730. [PMID: 38407503 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Chemical sensing of harmful species released either from natural or anthropogenic activities is critical to ensuring human safety and health. Over the last decade, conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have been proven to be potential sensor materials with the possibility of realizing sensing devices for practical applications. CMPs found to be unique among other porous materials such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) due to their high chemical/thermal stability, high surface area, microporosity, efficient host-guest interactions with the analyte, efficient exciton migration along the π-conjugated chains, and tailorable structure to target specific analytes. Several CMP-based optical, electrochemical, colorimetric, and ratiometric sensors with excellent selectivity and sensing performance were reported. This review comprehensively discusses the advances in CMP chemical sensors (powders and thin films) in the detection of nitroaromatic explosives, chemical warfare agents, anions, metal ions, biomolecules, iodine, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), with simultaneous delineation of design strategy principles guiding the selectivity and sensitivity of CMP. Preceding this, various photophysical mechanisms responsible for chemical sensing are discussed in detail for convenience. Finally, future challenges to be addressed in the field of CMP chemical sensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Kumar Rajput
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Venkata Suresh Mothika
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
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Singh A, Lofts A, Krishnan R, Campea M, Chen L, Wan Y, Hoare T. The effect of comb length on the in vitro and in vivo properties of self-assembled poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate)-based block copolymer nanoparticles. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:2487-2498. [PMID: 38694467 PMCID: PMC11059560 DOI: 10.1039/d3na01156a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Comb copolymer analogues of poly(lactic acid)-polyethylene glycol block copolymers (PLA-b-PEG) offer potential to overcome the inherent chemistry and stability limitations of their linear block copolymer counterparts. Herein, we examine the differences between P(L)LA10K-b-PEG10K and linear-comb copolymer analogues thereof in which the linear PEG block is replaced by poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) (POEGMA) blocks with different side chain (comb) lengths but the same overall molecular weight. P(L)LA10K-b-POEGMA47510K and P(L)LA10K-b-POEGMA200010K block copolymers were synthesized via activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP) and fabricated into self-assembled nanoparticles using flash nanoprecipitation via confined impinging jet mixing. Linear-comb copolymer analogues based on PLA-b-POEGMA yielded smaller but still well-controlled nanoparticle sizes (88 ± 2 nm and 114 ± 1 nm respectively compared to 159 ± 2 nm for P(L)LA10K-b-PEG10K nanoparticles) that exhibited improved colloidal stability relative to linear copolymer-based nanoparticles over a 15 day incubation period while maintaining comparably high cytocompatibility, although the comb copolymer analogues had somewhat lower loading capacity for doxorubicin hydrochloride. Cell spheroid studies showed that the linear-comb copolymers promoted enhanced tumor transport and thus cell killing compared to conventional linear block copolymers. In vivo studies showed all NP types could passively accumulate within implanted CT26 tumors but with different accumulation profiles, with P(L)LA10K-b-POEGMA200010K NPs showing continuous accumulation throughout the full 24 h monitoring period whereas tumor accumulation of P(L)LA10K-b-POEGMA47510K NPs was significant only between 8 h and 24 h. Overall, the linear-comb copolymer analogues exhibited superior stability, biodistribution, spheroid penetration, and inherent tunability over linear NP counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University 1280 Main St. W. Hamilton Ontario L8S 4L7 Canada
| | - Andrew Lofts
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University 1280 Main St. W. Hamilton Ontario L8S 4L7 Canada
| | - Ramya Krishnan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University 1280 Main St. W. Hamilton Ontario L8S 4L7 Canada
| | - Matthew Campea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University 1280 Main St. W. Hamilton Ontario L8S 4L7 Canada
| | - Lan Chen
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University 1280 Main St. W. Hamilton Ontario L8S 4L7 Canada
| | - Yonghong Wan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University 1280 Main St. W. Hamilton Ontario L8S 4L7 Canada
| | - Todd Hoare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University 1280 Main St. W. Hamilton Ontario L8S 4L7 Canada
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Guo H, Yang Z, Sun L, Lu Z, Wei X, Wang M, Yu Z, Yang W. Imine-linked covalent organic framework with high crystallinity for constructing sensitive purine bases electrochemical sensor. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 659:639-649. [PMID: 38198941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a covalent organic framework (TADM-COF) with high crystallinity and large specific surface area (2597 m2 g-1) has been successfully synthesized using 1,3,5-(4-aminophenyl) benzene (TAPB) and 2,5-dimethoxy-p-phenyldiformaldehyde (DMTP). The COF was grown in situ on oxide particles to form core-shell nanocomposites (SiO2@TADM COF, Fe3O4@TADM COF and Co3O4@TADM COF) to realize its function as a shell material. Among them, the Co3O4@TADM COF with the highest electrochemical response to purine bases was further cross-linked with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) to construct a novel electrochemical sensor (Co3O4@TADM COF/MWCNT/GCE) for detection of purine bases. In this nanocomposite, Co3O4 possesses rich catalytic active sites, MWCNT ensures superior electrical conductivity and COF provides a stable environment for electrocatalytic reactions as the shell. At the same time, regular pore structure of the COFs also offers smooth channels for the transfer of analytes to the catalytic site. The synergistic effect among the three components showed remarkable sensing performance for the simultaneous detection of guanine (G) and adenine (A) with a wide linear range of 0.6-180 μM and low limits of detection (LODs) of 0.020 μM for G and 0.024 μM for A (S/N = 3), respectively. The developed sensor platform was also successfully applied in the detection of purine bases in thermally denatured herring DNA extract. The work provided a general strategy for amplifying signal of COF and its composite in the electrochemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
| | - Zeyun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Lei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Zongyan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Xiaoqin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Wu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
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Wang X, Mu Z, Shao P, Feng X. Hierarchically Porous Covalent Organic Frameworks: Synthesis Methods and Applications. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303601. [PMID: 38019117 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with high porosity have garnered considerable interest for various applications owing to their robust and customizable structure. However, conventional COFs are hindered by their narrow pore size, which poses limitations for applications such as heterogeneous catalysis and guest delivery that typically involve large molecules. The development of hierarchically porous COF (HP-COF), featuring a multi-scale aperture distribution, offers a promising solution by significantly enhancing the diffusion capacity and mass transfer for larger molecules. This review focuses on the recent advances in the synthesis strategies of HP-COF materials, including topological structure design, in-situ templating, monolithic COF synthesis, defect engineering, and crystalline self-transformation. The specific operational principles and affecting factors in the synthesis process are summarized and discussed, along with the applications of HP-COFs in heterogeneous catalysis, toxic component treatment, optoelectronics, and the biomedical field. Overall, this review builds a bridge to understand HP-COFs and provides guidance for further development of them on synthesis strategies and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zhenjie Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, The College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Pengpeng Shao
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Feng
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
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Kaur H, Siwal SS, Saini RV, Thakur VK. Covalent-Organic Framework-Based Materials in Theranostic Applications: Insights into Their Advantages and Challenges. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:6235-6252. [PMID: 38371794 PMCID: PMC10870270 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Nanomedicine has been essential in bioimaging and cancer therapy in recent years. Nanoscale covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) have been growing as an adequate classification of biomedical nanomaterials with practical application prospects because of their increased porosity, functionality, and biocompatibility. The high sponginess of COFs enables the incorporation of distinct imaging and therapeutic mechanisms with a better loading efficiency. Nevertheless, preliminary biocompatibility limits their possibility for clinical translation. Thus, cutting-edge nanomaterials with high biocompatibility and improved therapeutic efficiency are highly expected to fast-track the clinical translation of nanomedicines. The inherent effects of nanoscale COFs, such as proper size, modular pore geometry and porosity, and specific postsynthetic transformation through simple organic changes, make them particularly appealing for prospective nanomedicines. The organic building blocks of COFs may also be postmodified for particular binding to biomarkers. The exceptional features of COFs cause them to be an encouraging nanocarrier for bioimaging and therapeutic applications. In this review, we have systematically discussed the advances of COFs in the field of theranostics by providing essential features of COFs along with their synthetic methods. Further, the applications of COFs in the field of theranostics (such as drug delivery systems, photothermal, and photodynamic therapy) are discussed in detail with the help of available literature to date. Furthermore, the advantages of COFs over other materials for therapeutics and drug delivery are discussed. Finally, the review concludes with potential future COF applications in the theranostic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harjot Kaur
- Department
of Chemistry, M.M. Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Samarjeet Singh Siwal
- Department
of Chemistry, M.M. Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
- Biorefining
and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, U.K.
| | - Reena V. Saini
- Department
of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar
(Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining
and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, U.K.
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Li D, Zhao H, Wang G, Liu R, Bai L. Room-temperature ultrasonic-assisted self-assembled synthesis of silkworm cocoon-like COFs@GCNTs composite for sensitive detection of diuron in food samples. Food Chem 2023; 418:135999. [PMID: 37001360 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Diuron (DU) exhibits good weed control effect but possesses strong hazard to human health, thereby designing a fast and sensitive method to detect DU is highly urgent. Herein, we report the ultrasonic-assisted self-assembly synthesis of porous covalent organic frameworks (COFs) spheres@graphitized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (GCNTs) composite based on π-π conjugation effect at room temperature, which was employed for DU determination. For the COFs@GCNTs composite, COFs with ultrahigh specific surface area shows strong adsorption ability towards DU, whereas GCNTs with favorable conductivity help to form the 3D interconnected conductive network around COFs spheres, thereby effectively compensating for the poor conductivity of COFs. Because of the synergistic effect between COFs and GCNTs, the developed sensor presented a low detection limit of 0.08 µM in the concentration range of 0.30-18.00 µM. Moreover, the actual sample analysis in the tomato and cucumber yielded satisfactory recoveries (96.40%-103.20%), proving reliable practicability of the developed sensor.
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Li X, Tang C, Zhang L, Song M, Zhang Y, Wang S. Porphyrin-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks: Design, Synthesis, Photoelectric Conversion Mechanism, and Applications. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8020171. [PMID: 37092423 PMCID: PMC10123739 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis occurs in high plants, and certain organisms show brilliant technology in converting solar light to chemical energy and producing carbohydrates from carbon dioxide (CO2). Mimicking the mechanism of natural photosynthesis is receiving wide-ranging attention for the development of novel materials capable of photo-to-electric, photo-to-chemical, and photocatalytic transformations. Porphyrin, possessing a similar highly conjugated core ring structure to chlorophyll and flexible physical and chemical properties, has become one of the most investigated photosensitizers. Chemical modification and self-assembly of molecules as well as constructing porphyrin-based metal (covalent) organic frameworks are often used to improve its solar light utilization and electron transfer rate. Especially porphyrin-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) in which porphyrin molecules are connected by covalent bonds combine the structural advantages of organic frameworks with light-capturing properties of porphyrins and exhibit great potential in light-responsive materials. Porphyrin-based COFs are expected to have high solar light utilization, fast charge separation/transfer performance, excellent structural stability, and novel steric selectivity by special molecular design. In this paper, we reviewed the research progress of porphyrin-based COFs in the design, synthesis, properties, and applications. We focused on the intrinsic relationship between the structure and properties, especially the photoelectric conversion properties and charge transfer mechanism of porphyrin-based COFs, and tried to provide more valuable information for the design of advanced photosensitizers. The applications of porphyrin-based COFs in photocatalysis and phototherapy were emphasized based on their special structure design and light-to-electric (or light-to-heat) conversion control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Chuanyin Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Mingyang Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Shengjie Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
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Theyagarajan K, Kim YJ. Recent Developments in the Design and Fabrication of Electrochemical Biosensors Using Functional Materials and Molecules. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13040424. [PMID: 37185499 PMCID: PMC10135976 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical biosensors are superior technologies that are used to detect or sense biologically and environmentally significant analytes in a laboratory environment, or even in the form of portable handheld or wearable electronics. Recently, imprinted and implantable biosensors are emerging as point-of-care devices, which monitor the target analytes in a continuous environment and alert the intended users to anomalies. The stability and performance of the developed biosensor depend on the nature and properties of the electrode material or the platform on which the biosensor is constructed. Therefore, the biosensor platform plays an integral role in the effectiveness of the developed biosensor. Enormous effort has been dedicated to the rational design of the electrode material and to fabrication strategies for improving the performance of developed biosensors. Every year, in the search for multifarious electrode materials, thousands of new biosensor platforms are reported. Moreover, in order to construct an effectual biosensor, the researcher should familiarize themself with the sensible strategies behind electrode fabrication. Thus, we intend to shed light on various strategies and methodologies utilized in the design and fabrication of electrochemical biosensors that facilitate sensitive and selective detection of significant analytes. Furthermore, this review highlights the advantages of various electrode materials and the correlation between immobilized biomolecules and modified surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Theyagarajan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
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Shi Y, Yang J, Gao F, Zhang Q. Covalent Organic Frameworks: Recent Progress in Biomedical Applications. ACS NANO 2023; 17:1879-1905. [PMID: 36715276 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a type of crystalline organic porous material with specific features and interesting structures, including porosity, large surface area, and biocompatibility. These features enable COFs to be considered as excellent candidates for applications in various fields. Recently, COFs have been widely demonstrated as promising materials for biomedical applications because of their excellent physicochemical properties and ultrathin structures. In this review, we cover the recent progress of COF materials for applications in photodynamic therapy, gene delivery, photothermal therapy, drug delivery, bioimaging, biosensing, and combined therapies. Moreover, the critical challenges and further perspectives with regards to COFs for future biology-facing applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Jinglun Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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Foulady-Dehaghi R, Sohrabnezhad S, Hadavi M. Drug delivery with solvent-free synthesized polyimide-COF/amino-functionalized MCM-41 nanohybrid. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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14
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Feng Y, Long Y, Guo J, Yang X, Song H. Redox- and pH-Responsive Water-Soluble Flexible Organic Frameworks Realize Synergistic Tumor Photodynamic and Chemotherapeutic Therapy. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200690. [PMID: 36250440 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble 3D polymers with inherent nanoscale pores have been shown to be ideal platforms for the inclusion and delivery of drugs and hold a great promise as biocompatible materials for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Herein, a low cytotoxic water-soluble flexible organic framework FOF-S6 with a hydrodynamic diameter of about 127.5 nm is synthesized through the formation of a hydrazone bond from a semirigid tetraaldehyde and a flexible biacylhydrazines which contains a disulfide bond (1:2). FOF-S6 has the ability to dissociate and release inclusion complexes in response to weakly acidic media and glutathione (GSH) overexpressed in tumor cells. More importantly, a facile strategy is developed to contain and deliver aggregation-induced emission photosensitizers (AIE PS, TBD-DQA-540) and chemotherapeutic drugs (Doxorubicin hydrochloride, DOX). DOX-PS@FOF-S6 is synthesized by a one-pot method, which can realize efficient photo-chemotherapy under the guidance of fluorescence imaging, thereby improving the multidrug resistance of tumor cells and the instability of photosensitizers, so as to improve the tumor treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Feng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
| | - Yan Long
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
| | - Jiahe Guo
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaofan Yang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Heng Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China.,Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 6 Yuexinger Avenue, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518057, China
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15
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Ning T, Di S, Li Z, Zhang H, Peng Z, Yang H, Chen P, Bao Y, Zhai Y, Zhu S. Fabrication of a core-shell porphyrin-based magnetic covalent organic framework for effective extraction of PCPs in a wide polarity range. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1239:340615. [PMID: 36628698 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel porphyrin-based magnetic covalent organic framework (PCOF) was first reported by using a facile synthetic procedure. The Fe3O4@NH2@PCOF nanospheres were utilized to effectively extract personal care products in a wide polarity range (log Kow values from 1.96 to 7.60). The successful magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of target analytes could be ascribed to the sufficient oxygen-, nitrogen- and phenyl-containing functional groups of the COF layer, which are demonstrated to be of good compatibility with pollutants exhibiting different polarities by using molecular dynamics simulations, independent gradient model analysis and various characterizations. The MSPE extraction efficiency was enhanced by optimizing key parameters. The findings indicated that the method had a wide linearity range (1-500 ng mL-1 for parabens and UV filters) and low detection limits (0.4-0.9 ng mL-1 for parabens and 0.2-0.6 ng mL-1 for UV filters). The accuracy was reflected by recoveries ranging from 74% to 114%. Satisfactory intra- and inter-day precisions from 3.0% to 9.8% and 0.5%-9.1% were obtained. Overall, the proposed MSPE-HPLC method is accurate and reliable for identifying parabens as well as UV filters in wastewater and swimming pool water. The potential of the method for evaluating human exposure risk was unfolded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ning
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Siyuan Di
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zihan Li
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Haokun Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhangdi Peng
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hucheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Pin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yue Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yixin Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shukui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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16
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Wang X, Liu H, Zhang J, Chen S. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs): a promising CO 2 capture candidate material. Polym Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01350a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging kind of porous crystal material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Wang
- PCFM Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Haorui Liu
- PCFM Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Jinrui Zhang
- PCFM Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Shuixia Chen
- PCFM Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
- Materials Science Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
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Kaur G, Kumar D, Sundarrajan S, Ramakrishna S, Kumar P. Recent Trends in the Design, Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Covalent Organic Frameworks. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010139. [PMID: 36616488 PMCID: PMC9824193 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The most recent and advanced class of crystalline and permeable compounds are covalent organic frameworks (COFs). Due to their exceptional qualities, such as their porous structure, high surface area, strong chemical and thermal stabilities, low density, good water stability, luminescent nature, and so on, COFs have seen remarkable growth over the past ten years. COFs have been successfully researched for a number of applications based on these characteristics. The current state of COFs has been reported in this study, with particular attention paid to their design, topology, synthesis, and a variety of biological applications, including drug delivery systems, photodynamic and photothermal therapy, biosensing, bioimaging, etc. Moreover, several miscellaneous applications, such as catalysis, gas storage and separation, photocatalysis, sensors, solar cells, supercapacitors, and 3D printers, have also been explored. It is significant that we have examined current research on COFs with a focus on the biological applications, which are infrequently covered in the literature. Descriptions of the difficulties and prospective outcomes have also been given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Kaur
- Materials Application Research Laboratory (MARL), Department of Nano Sciences and Materials, Central University of Jammu, Rahya Suchani, Jammu 181143, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, India
| | - Subramanian Sundarrajan
- NUS Centre for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lower Kent Ridge, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
- Correspondence: (S.S.); or (P.K.)
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- NUS Centre for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lower Kent Ridge, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Materials Application Research Laboratory (MARL), Department of Nano Sciences and Materials, Central University of Jammu, Rahya Suchani, Jammu 181143, India
- Correspondence: (S.S.); or (P.K.)
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Heravifard Z, Akbarzadeh AR, Tayebi L, Rahimi R. Structural Properties Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs): From Dynamic Covalent Bonds to their Applications. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heravifard
- Department of Chemistry Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16846-13114 Tehran Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ali Reza Akbarzadeh
- Department of Chemistry Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16846-13114 Tehran Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Leila Tayebi
- Department of Chemistry Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16846-13114 Tehran Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Rahmatollah Rahimi
- Department of Chemistry Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16846-13114 Tehran Islamic Republic of Iran
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Suleiman B, Abdullah CAC, Tahir MIM, Bahbouh L, Rahman MBA. Covalent organic frameworks: Recent advances in synthesis, characterization and their application in the environmental and agricultural sectors. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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20
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Liu W, Ma X, Kheyr SM, Dong A, Zhang J. Covalent Organic Frameworks as Nanocarriers for Improved Delivery of Chemotherapeutic Agents. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7215. [PMID: 36295281 PMCID: PMC9611971 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has become one of the main causes of death worldwide. Chemotherapy as one of the main therapy modalities is very unsatisfactory. The various nanocarriers have brought new opportunities for effective tumor treatment. However, most of the current nanocarriers still suffer from low efficiency and confront significant challenges in overcoming multiple biological barriers. Compared with conventional nanocarriers, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with unique and attractive features exhibited great potential to serve as a promising platform for anticancer drug delivery. In this review, we first summarize the strategies and challenges of nanocarriers for cancer chemotherapy and then highlight the recent advances in COF-based nanocarriers for improved delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. Finally, the challenges remaining for COF-based nanocarriers for clinical applications are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xinyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shuayb Mohamed Kheyr
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Anjie Dong
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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21
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Covalent Organic Framework/Polyacrylonitrile Electrospun Nanofiber for Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction of Trace Quinolones in Food Samples. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142482. [PMID: 35889706 PMCID: PMC9319950 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The extraction of quinolone antibiotics (QAs) is crucial for the environment and human health. In this work, polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/covalent organic framework TpPa–1 nanofiber was prepared by an electrospinning technique and used as an adsorbent for dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) of five QAs in the honey and pork. The morphology and structure of the adsorbent were characterized, and the extraction and desorption conditions for the targeted analytes were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, a sensitive method was developed by using PAN/TpPa–1 nanofiber as an adsorbent coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for five QAs detection. It offered good linearity in the ranges of 0.5–200 ng·mL−1 for pefloxacin, enrofloxacin, and orbifloxacin, and of 1–200 ng·mL−1 for norfloxacin and sarafloxacin with correlation coefficients above 0.9946. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) of five QAs ranged from 0.03 to 0.133 ng·mL−1. The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations of the five QAs with the spiked concentration of 50 ng·mL−1 were 2.8–4.0 and 3.0–8.8, respectively. The recoveries of five QAs in the honey and pork samples were 81.6–119.7%, which proved that the proposed method has great potential for the efficient extraction and determination of QAs in complex samples.
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Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors Based on Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs). SENSORS 2022; 22:s22134758. [PMID: 35808255 PMCID: PMC9268951 DOI: 10.3390/s22134758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are defined as crystalline organic polymers with programmable topological architectures using properly predesigned building blocks precursors. Since the development of the first COF in 2005, many works are emerging using this kind of material for different applications, such as the development of electrochemical sensors and biosensors. COF shows superb characteristics, such as tuneable pore size and structure, permanent porosity, high surface area, thermal stability, and low density. Apart from these special properties, COF’s electrochemical behaviour can be modulated using electroactive building blocks. Furthermore, the great variety of functional groups that can be inserted in their structures makes them interesting materials to be conjugated with biological recognition elements, such as antibodies, enzymes, DNA probe, aptamer, etc. Moreover, the possibility of linking them with other special nanomaterials opens a wide range of possibilities to develop new electrochemical sensors and biosensors.
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Li SR, Huo FY, Wang HQ, Wang J, Xu C, Liu B, Bu LL. Recent advances in porous nanomaterials-based drug delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:277. [PMID: 35701847 PMCID: PMC9195345 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01489-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a novel therapeutic regimen because of the specificity and durability of immune modulations to treat cancers. Current cancer immunotherapy is limited by some barriers such as poor response rate, low tumor specificity and systemic toxicities. Porous nanomaterials (PNMs) possess high loading capacity and tunable porosity, receiving intense attention in cancer immunotherapy. Recently, novel PNMs based drug delivery systems have been employed in antitumor immunotherapy to enhance tissue or organ targeting and reduce immune-related adverse events. Herein, we summarize the recent progress of PNMs including inorganic, organic, and organic–inorganic hybrid ones for cancer immunotherapy. The design of PNMs and their performance in cancer immunotherapy are discussed in detail, with a focus on how those designs can address the challenges in current conventional immunotherapy. Lastly, we present future directions of PNMs for cancer immunotherapy including the challenges and research gaps, providing new insights about the design of PNMs for efficient cancer immunotherapy with better performance as powerful weapons against tumors. Finally, we discussed the relevant challenges that urgently need to be addressed in clinical practice, coupled with corresponding solutions to these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ran Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Fang-Yi Huo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Han-Qi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jing Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chun Xu
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.
| | - Bing Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China. .,Department of Oral Maxillofacial Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.
| | - Lin-Lin Bu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China. .,Department of Oral Maxillofacial Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.
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Thiourea-Isocyanate-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks with Tunable Surface Charge and Surface Area for Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange Removal from Aqueous Media. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13060938. [PMID: 35744552 PMCID: PMC9229544 DOI: 10.3390/mi13060938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A thiourea hexamethylene diisocyanate covalent organic framework (TH COF) was synthesized by adjusting the surface charge and surface area. The surface charge value of TH COF, −3.8 ± 0.5 mV, can be changed to −29.1 ± 0.4 mV by treatment with NaOH (dp-TH) and 17.1 ± 1.0 mV by treatment with HCl (p-TH). Additionally, the surface area of TH COF was 39.3 m2/g, whereas the surface area of dp-TH COF and p-TH COF structures were measured as 41.4 m2/g and 42.5 m2/g, respectively. However, the COF structure had a better adsorption capability with acid and base treatments, e.g., dp-TH COF absorbed 5.5 ± 0.3 mg/g methylene blue (MB) dye, and p-TH COF absorbed 25.9 ± 1.4 mg/g methyl orange (MO) dye from 100 mL 25 ppm aqueous dye solutions, thereby increasing the MB and MO absorption amounts of the TH COF structure. Furthermore, by calculating the distribution, selectivity, and relative selectivity coefficients, the absorption capacity order was determined as dp-TH > TH > p-TH COFs for the MB dye, whereas it was p-TH > TH > dp-TH COFs for the MO dye. Finally, the reusability of dp-TH COF for MB absorption and p-TH COF for MO absorption were investigated. After five repeated uses, dp-TH COF retained 64.6 ± 3.7% of its absorption ability, whereas p-TH COF preserved 79.7 ± 3.2% of its absorption ability relative to the initial absorption amount.
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He N, Li Z, Hu C, Chen Z. In situ synthesis of a spherical covalent organic framework as a stationary phase for capillary electrochromatography. J Pharm Anal 2022; 12:610-616. [PMID: 36105161 PMCID: PMC9463497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a novel type of crystalline porous organic polymer materials recently developed. It has several advantages in chromatographic separation field, such as high thermal stability, porosity, structural regularity, and large specific surface area. Here, a novel spherical COF 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene (TAPB) and 2,5-bis(2-propyn-1-yloxy)-1,4-benzenedicarboxaldehyde (BPTA) was developed as an electrochromatographic stationary phase for capillary electrochromatography separation. The COF TAPB-BPTA modified capillary column was fabricated via a facile in situ growth method at room temperature. The characterization results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that COF TAPB-BPTA were successfully modified onto the capillary inner surface. The electrochromatography separation performance of the COF TAPB-BPTA modified capillary was investigated. The prepared column demonstrated outstanding separation performance toward alkylbenzenes, phenols, and chlorobenzenes compounds. Furthermore, the baseline separations of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and parabens with good efficiency and high resolution were achieved. Also, the prepared column possessed satisfactory precision of the intra-day runs (n = 5), inter-day runs (n = 3), and parallel columns (n = 3), and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the retention times of tested alkylbenzenes were all less than 2.58%. Thus, this new COF-based stationary phase shows tremendous application potential in chromatographic separation field. COF TAPB–BPTA was studied as OT-CEC stationary phase. In situ, room-temperature growth method was quite facile and efficient. Excellent separation performances toward various hydrophobic compounds. The maximum column efficiency was 1.78 × 105 plates/m. Reproducibility and stability were found to be satisfactory.
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Computational NEXAFS Characterization of Molecular Model Systems for 2D Boroxine Frameworks. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091610. [PMID: 35564319 PMCID: PMC9100003 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The electronic properties of 2D boroxine networks are computationally investigated by simulating the NEXAFS spectra of a series of molecular models, with or without morphologic defects, with respect to the ideal honeycomb structure. The models represent portions of an irregular 2D boroxine framework obtained experimentally, as supported by the Au(111) surface. The B K-edge NEXAFS spectra are calculated within the transition potential (TP) approximation (DFT-TP). The role of the Au(111) supporting surface on the spectral features has also been investigated by comparing the calculated spectra of a defect-rich model in its free-standing and supported form. The calculated NEXAFS spectra differ from the experimental ones, as the position of the main resonance does not match in the two cases. This finding could suggest the presence of a strong interaction of the 2D boroxine network with the Au substrate, which is not captured in the model calculations. However, good agreement between measured and calculated B K-edge NEXAFS spectra is obtained for a model system, namely, trihydroxy boroxine, in which the B atoms are less screened by the valence electrons compared to the B–B linked boroxine network models considered here. These results suggest catalytic activity in the gold substrate in promoting a weakening or even the breaking of the B–B bond, which is not revealed by calculations.
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Bhunia S, Jaiswal MK, Singh KA, Deo KA, Gaharwar AK. 2D Covalent Organic Framework Direct Osteogenic Differentiation of Stem Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101737. [PMID: 35104392 PMCID: PMC9354911 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging class of crystalline porous organic polymers with a wide-range of potential applications. However, poor processability, aqueous instability, and low water dispersibility greatly limit their practical biomedical implementation. Herein, a new class of hydrolytically stable 2D COFs for sustained delivery of drugs to direct stem cell fate is reported. Specifically, a boronate-based COF (COF-5) is stabilized using amphiphilic polymer Pluronic F127 (PLU) to produce COF-PLU nanoparticles with thickness of ≈25 nm and diameter ≈200 nm. These nanoparticles are internalized via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and have high cytocompatibility (half-inhibitory concentration ≈1 mg mL-1 ). Interestingly, the 2D COFs induce osteogenic differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells, which is unique. In addition, an osteogenic agent-dexamethasone-is able to be loaded within the porous structure of COFs for sustained delivery which further enhances the osteoinductive ability. These results demonstrate for the first time the fabrication of hydrolytically stable 2D COFs for sustained delivery of dexamethasone and demonstrate its osteoinductive characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Bhunia
- Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Manish K. Jaiswal
- Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Kanwar Abhay Singh
- Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Kaivalya A. Deo
- Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Akhilesh K. Gaharwar
- Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
- Material Science and Engineering College of Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
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28
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Gao KX, Zhou Z, Yao L, Wang S, Zhang Y, Zou Q, Ma LX, Wang HX. Aspartic Acid-Assisted Size-Controllable Synthesis of Nanoscale Spherical Covalent Organic Frameworks with Chiral Interfaces for Inhibiting Amyloid-β Fibrillation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:1210-1221. [PMID: 35191674 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic framework nanospheres (COF NSs) have garnered special attention due to their uniform sphere morphology, adjustable particle size, and mesoporous microenvironment. However, methods to control an optimal particle size scale while achieving solution dispersibility and specific surface properties remain underdeveloped, which precludes many of the biomedical applications. Here, we propose and develop a general strategy to access simultaneous size control and surface functionalization of uniform spherical COF NSs in a single step using aspartic acid (d-/l-Asp) that plays center roles in an acid catalyst, hydrophilicity, size-controllable synthesis, and chiral enantiomer. In this study, for the first time, we have employed a surface chemistry engineering study to create a variety of nanoscale spherical COFs and subsequently measure parameters to evaluate the effectiveness of Asp in the regulation of the particle size. Moreover, the potential utilization of the d/l-enantiomeric Asp-COF NSs in preventing β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation is investigated by analyzing their interactions with Aβ amyloids using a multitechnique experimental approach. To our knowledge, our strategy is the first synthesis of hydrophilic COF NSs with an optimal length scale and a chiral-selective targeting surface, which are crucial for the inhibition of Aβ fibrillation for Alzheimer's disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Xiang Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, No. 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Linli Yao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, No. 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Suxiao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, No. 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yuexing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, No. 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qichao Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, No. 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Li-Xin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, No. 368, Youyi Avenue, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Hang-Xing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, No. 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430062, China
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29
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Chen F, Tang Q, Ma T, Zhu B, Wang L, He C, Luo X, Cao S, Ma L, Cheng C. Structures, properties, and challenges of emerging
2D
materials in bioelectronics and biosensors. INFOMAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/inf2.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Med‐X Center for Materials Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Qing Tang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Med‐X Center for Materials Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Tian Ma
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Med‐X Center for Materials Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Bihui Zhu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Med‐X Center for Materials Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Liyun Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Med‐X Center for Materials Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Chao He
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Med‐X Center for Materials Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xianglin Luo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Med‐X Center for Materials Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Sujiao Cao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Med‐X Center for Materials Sichuan University Chengdu China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Lang Ma
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Med‐X Center for Materials Sichuan University Chengdu China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Med‐X Center for Materials Sichuan University Chengdu China
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30
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Salehi A, Behpour M, Afzali D. Investigation into the antibacterial activity of covalent organic frameworks as a delivery system of trimethoprim against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Hu G, Cui G, Zhao J, Han M, Zou R. Pyrazine-cored covalent organic frameworks for efficient CO2 adsorption and removal of organic dyes. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00329e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The rational introduction of nitrogen heterocycles to a linker of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) can effectively capture CO2 and remove dyes in sewage. Here we report the designed synthesis of...
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32
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Xu Z, Wang T, Li J, Zhang F, Lou H, Zhang J, Zhang W, Zhang W, Zhou B. Nanosized porous artificial enzyme as a pH-sensitive doxorubicin delivery system for joint enzymatic and chemotherapy towards tumor treatment. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02031a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A porous spherical artificial nanozyme (HF-900) prepared via pyrolysis of a porous organic polymer was used as drug carrier for efficient loading and highly selective pH-responsive delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) for the tumor joint nanotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilu Xu
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Han Lou
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Weifen Zhang
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Baolong Zhou
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P. R. China
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33
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Ma J, Shu T, Sun Y, Zhou X, Ren C, Su L, Zhang X. Luminescent Covalent Organic Frameworks for Biosensing and Bioimaging Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2103516. [PMID: 34605177 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent covalent organic frameworks (LCOFs) have attracted significant attention due to their tunability of structures and photophysical properties at molecular level. LCOFs are built to highly ordered and periodic 2D or 3D framework structures through covalently assembling with various luminophore building blocks. Recently, the advantages of LCOFs including predesigned properties of structure, unique photoluminescence, hypotoxicity and good biocompatibility and tumor penetration, broaden their applications in biorelated fields, such as biosensing, bioimaging, and drug delivery. A specific review that analyses the advances of LCOFs in the field of biosensing and bioimaging is thus urged to emerge. Here the construction of LCOFs is reviewed first. The synthetic chemistry of LCOFs highlights the key role of chemical linkages, which not only concrete the building blocks but also affect the optical properties and even can act as the responsive sites for potential sensing applications. How to brighten LCOFs are clarified through description of structure managements. The ability to utilize the luminescence of LCOFs for applications in biosensing and bioimaging is discussed using state-of-the-art examples of varied practical goals. A prospect finally addresses opportunities and challenges the development of LCOFs facing from chemistry, physics to the applications, according to their current progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Ma
- Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Tong Shu
- Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Chenyu Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Lei Su
- Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
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34
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Kim JH, Kang DW, Yun H, Kang M, Singh N, Kim JS, Hong CS. Post-synthetic modifications in porous organic polymers for biomedical and related applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 51:43-56. [PMID: 34859804 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00804h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Porous organic polymers (POPs) are prepared by crosslinked polymerization of multidimensional rigid aromatic building blocks. Generally, POPs can be classified into crystalline covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and other poorly crystalline or amorphous porous polymers. Due to their remarkable intrinsic properties, such as high porosity, stability, tunability, and presence of numerous building blocks, several new POPs are being developed for application across various scientific fields. The essential sensitive functional groups needed for specific applications are not sustained under harsh POP preparation conditions. The recently developed post-synthetic modification (PSM) strategies for POPs have enabled their advanced applications that are otherwise restricted. Owing to the advanced PSM strategies POPs have experienced a blossoming resurgence with diverse functions, particularly in biomedical applications, such as bioimaging tools, drugs, enzymes, gene or protein delivery systems, phototherapy, and cancer therapy. This tutorial review focuses on the recently developed PSM strategies for POPs, especially for biomedical applications, and their future perspectives as promising bioapplicable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Dong Won Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Hongyeol Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Minjung Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Nem Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Chang Seop Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
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35
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Evans AM, Strauss MJ, Corcos AR, Hirani Z, Ji W, Hamachi LS, Aguilar-Enriquez X, Chavez AD, Smith BJ, Dichtel WR. Two-Dimensional Polymers and Polymerizations. Chem Rev 2021; 122:442-564. [PMID: 34852192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic chemists have developed robust methods to synthesize discrete molecules, linear and branched polymers, and disordered cross-linked networks. However, two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) prepared from designed monomers have been long missing from these capabilities, both as objects of chemical synthesis and in nature. Recently, new polymerization strategies and characterization methods have enabled the unambiguous realization of covalently linked macromolecular sheets. Here we review 2DPs and 2D polymerization methods. Three predominant 2D polymerization strategies have emerged to date, which produce 2DPs either as monolayers or multilayer assemblies. We discuss the fundamental understanding and scope of each of these approaches, including: the bond-forming reactions used, the synthetic diversity of 2DPs prepared, their multilayer stacking behaviors, nanoscale and mesoscale structures, and macroscale morphologies. Additionally, we describe the analytical tools currently available to characterize 2DPs in their various isolated forms. Finally, we review emergent 2DP properties and the potential applications of planar macromolecules. Throughout, we highlight achievements in 2D polymerization and identify opportunities for continued study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin M Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael J Strauss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Amanda R Corcos
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zoheb Hirani
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Woojung Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Leslie S Hamachi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Xavier Aguilar-Enriquez
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Anton D Chavez
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Brian J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University,1 Dent Drive, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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36
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Murali A, Lokhande G, Deo KA, Brokesh A, Gaharwar AK. Emerging 2D Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS TODAY (KIDLINGTON, ENGLAND) 2021; 50:276-302. [PMID: 34970073 PMCID: PMC8713997 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are an emerging class of biomaterials with remarkable potential for biomedical applications. The planar topography of these nanomaterials confers unique physical, chemical, electronic and optical properties, making them attractive candidates for therapeutic delivery, biosensing, bioimaging, regenerative medicine, and additive manufacturing strategies. The high surface-to-volume ratio of 2D nanomaterials promotes enhanced interactions with biomolecules and cells. A range of 2D nanomaterials, including transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), layered double hydroxides (LDHs), layered silicates (nanoclays), 2D metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes), metal-organic framework (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and polymer nanosheets have been investigated for their potential in biomedical applications. Here, we will critically evaluate recent advances of 2D nanomaterial strategies in biomedical engineering and discuss emerging approaches and current limitations associated with these nanomaterials. Due to their unique physical, chemical, and biological properties, this new class of nanomaterials has the potential to become a platform technology in regenerative medicine and other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Murali
- Biomedical Engineering, Dwight Look College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Giriraj Lokhande
- Biomedical Engineering, Dwight Look College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kaivalya A. Deo
- Biomedical Engineering, Dwight Look College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Anna Brokesh
- Biomedical Engineering, Dwight Look College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Akhilesh K. Gaharwar
- Biomedical Engineering, Dwight Look College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Material Science and Engineering, Dwight Look College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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37
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Azizi N, Heidarzadeh F, Farzaneh F. Facile fabrication of porous magnetic covalent organic frameworks as robust platform for multicomponent reaction. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Najmedin Azizi
- Department of Green Chemistry Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran Tehran Iran
| | - Fatemeh Heidarzadeh
- Department of Green Chemistry Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran Tehran Iran
| | - Fezeh Farzaneh
- Department of Green Chemistry Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran Tehran Iran
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38
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Huang H, Feng W, Chen Y. Two-dimensional biomaterials: material science, biological effect and biomedical engineering applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11381-11485. [PMID: 34661206 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01138j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To date, nanotechnology has increasingly been identified as a promising and efficient means to address a number of challenges associated with public health. In the past decade, two-dimensional (2D) biomaterials, as a unique nanoplatform with planar topology, have attracted explosive interest in various fields such as biomedicine due to their unique morphology, physicochemical properties and biological effect. Motivated by the progress of graphene in biomedicine, dozens of types of ultrathin 2D biomaterials have found versatile bio-applications, including biosensing, biomedical imaging, delivery of therapeutic agents, cancer theranostics, tissue engineering, as well as others. The effective utilization of 2D biomaterials stems from the in-depth knowledge of structure-property-bioactivity-biosafety-application-performance relationships. A comprehensive summary of 2D biomaterials for biomedicine is still lacking. In this comprehensive review, we aim to concentrate on the state-of-the-art 2D biomaterials with a particular focus on their versatile biomedical applications. In particular, we discuss the design, fabrication and functionalization of 2D biomaterials used for diverse biomedical applications based on the up-to-date progress. Furthermore, the interactions between 2D biomaterials and biological systems on the spatial-temporal scale are highlighted, which will deepen the understanding of the underlying action mechanism of 2D biomaterials aiding their design with improved functionalities. Finally, taking the bench-to-bedside as a focus, we conclude this review by proposing the current crucial issues/challenges and presenting the future development directions to advance the clinical translation of these emerging 2D biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China. .,School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China. .,School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.,Wenzhou Institute of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, 325000, P. R. China.,School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
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39
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Zhang S, Wu X, Huang Z, Tang X, Zheng H, Xie Z. The selective sieving role of nanosheets in the development of advanced membranes for water treatment: Comparison and performance enhancement of different nanosheets. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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40
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Yao S, Liu Z, Li L. Recent Progress in Nanoscale Covalent Organic Frameworks for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 13:176. [PMID: 34398320 PMCID: PMC8368921 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00696-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as a type of porous and crystalline covalent organic polymer are built up from covalently linked and periodically arranged organic molecules. Their precise assembly, well-defined coordination network, and tunable porosity endow COFs with diverse characteristics such as low density, high crystallinity, porous structure, and large specific-surface area, as well as versatile functions and active sites that can be tuned at molecular and atomic level. These unique properties make them excellent candidate materials for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, diagnostic imaging, and disease therapy. To realize these functions, the components, dimensions, and guest molecule loading into COFs have a great influence on their performance in various applications. In this review, we first introduce the influence of dimensions, building blocks, and synthetic conditions on the chemical stability, pore structure, and chemical interaction with guest molecules of COFs. Next, the applications of COFs in cancer diagnosis and therapy are summarized. Finally, some challenges for COFs in cancer therapy are noted and the problems to be solved in the future are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuncheng Yao
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhirong Liu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Li
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, People's Republic of China.
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
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41
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Valenzuela C, Chen C, Sun M, Ye Z, Zhang J. Strategies and applications of covalent organic frameworks as promising nanoplatforms in cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:3450-3483. [PMID: 33909746 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer nanomedicine is the best option to face the limits of conventional chemotherapy and phototherapy methods, and thus the intensive quest for new nanomaterials to improve therapeutic efficacy and safety is still underway. Owing to their low density, well-defined structures, large surface area, finely tunable pore size, and metal ion free features, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been extensively studied in many research fields. The recent great interest in nanoscale COFs to improve the properties of bulk COFs has led to broadening of their applicability in the biomedical field, such as nanocarriers with an outstanding loading capacity and efficient delivery of therapeutic agents, smart theranostic nanoplatforms with excellent stability, high ROS generation, light-to-heat conversion capabilities, and different response and diagnostic characteristics. The COFs and related nanoplatforms with a wide variety of designability and functionalization have opened up a new avenue for exciting opportunities in cancer therapy. Herein we review the state-of-the-art technical and scientific developments in this emerging field, focusing on the overall progress addressed so far in building versatile COF-based nanoplatforms to enhance chemotherapy, photodynamic/photothermal therapy, and combination. Future perspectives for achieving the synergistic effect of cancer elimination and clinical translation are further discussed to motivate future contributions and explore new possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Valenzuela
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Chu Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Mengxiao Sun
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Zhanpeng Ye
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China. and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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42
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Feng J, Ren WX, Kong F, Dong YB. A covalent organic framework-based nanoagent for H 2S-activable phototherapy against colon cancer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7240-7243. [PMID: 34190264 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02258j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herin, we report a Cu(ii)-porphyrin-derived nanoscale COF, which can be triggered by endogenous H2S via an intracellular sulfidation reaction to generate a metal-free COF-photosensitizer for PDT against H2S-enriched colon tumors with controllable singlet oxygen release; meanwhile in situ generated CuS can be synchronously used as a photothermal agent for PTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Feng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
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Bagheri AR, Li C, Zhang X, Zhou X, Aramesh N, Zhou H, Jia J. Recent advances in covalent organic frameworks for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:5745-5761. [PMID: 34318797 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00960e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the number of patients diagnosed with cancer has been soaring. Therefore, the design, development, and implementation of new approaches for the diagnosis and therapy of different types of cancers have attracted an increasing amount of attention. To date, different methods have been used for cancer diagnosis and therapy with main drawbacks in terms of severe side effects, e.g., damage to healthy cells, development of drug resistance and tumor recurrence. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the introduction and application of innovative methods. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are versatile materials with excellent properties in terms of biocompatibility, porous and crystalline structure, and easy functionalization. The porous structure and organic monomers in COFs allow them to load different therapeutic drugs and/or functional species efficiently. These promising properties make COFs ideal candidates for medical application, especially in cancer diagnosis and therapy. To date, many studies have focused on the design and synthesis of novel COFs while their application as diagnostic and therapeutic materials remains less understood. In this review, different synthesis and functionalization approaches of COFs were summarized. In particular, cancer diagnosis and therapy based on COFs were investigated and the advantages and limitations of each method were discussed. Most importantly, the mechanism for cancer therapy of COFs and fundamental challenges and perspectives for the application of COFs in cancer theranostics were assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Reza Bagheri
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Liao C, Liu S. Tuning the physicochemical properties of reticular covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:6116-6128. [PMID: 34278394 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01124c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the first report by Yaghi's group in 2005, research enthusiasm has been increasingly raised to synthesize diverse crystalline porous materials as -B-O-, -C-N-, -C-C-, and -C-O- linkage-based COFs. Recently, the biomedical applications of COFs have become more and more attractive in biomedical applications, including drug delivery, bioimaging, biosensing, antimicrobial, and therapeutic applications, as these materials bear well-defined crystalline porous structures and well-customized functionalities. However, the clinical translation of these research findings is challenging due to the formidable hindrances for in vivo use, such as low biocompatibility, poor selectivity, and long bio-persistence. Some attempts have raised a promising solution towards these obstacles by tailored engineering the functionalities of COFs. To speed up the clinical translations of COFs, a short review of principles and strategies to tune the physicochemical properties of COFs is timely and necessary. In this review, we summarized the biomedical utilities of COFs and discussed the related key physicochemical properties. To improve the performances of COFs in biomedical uses, we propose approaches for the tailored functionalization of COFs, including large-scale manufacture, standardization in nanomedicines, enhancing targeting efficacy, maintaining predesigned functions upon transformations, and manipulation of multifunctional COFs. We expect that this minireview strengthens the fundamental understandings of property-bioactivity relationships of COFs and provides insights for the rational design of their high-order reticular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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45
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Zhou ZW, Cai CX, Xing X, Li J, Hu ZE, Xie ZB, Wang N, Yu XQ. Magnetic COFs as satisfied support for lipase immobilization and recovery to effectively achieve the production of biodiesel by great maintenance of enzyme activity. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:156. [PMID: 34261529 PMCID: PMC8278614 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Production of biodiesel from renewable sources such as inedible vegetable oils by enzymatic catalysis has been a hotspot but remains a challenge on the efficient use of an enzyme. COFs (Covalent Organic Frameworks) with large surface area and porosity can be applied as ideal support to avoid aggregation of lipase and methanol. However, the naturally low density limits its application. In this work, we reported a facile synthesis of core-shell magnetic COF composite (Fe3O4@COF-OMe) to immobilize RML (Rhizomucor miehei lipase), to achieve its utilization in biodiesel production. RESULT This strategy gives extrinsic magnetic property, and the magnetic COFs is much heavier and could disperse in water medium well, facilitating the attachment with the enzyme. The resultant biocomposite exhibited an excellent capacity of RML due to its high surface area and fast response to the external magnetic field, as well as good chemical stability. The core-shell magnetic COF-OMe structure not only achieved highly efficient immobilization and recovery processes but also maintained the activity of lipase to a great extent. RML@Fe3O4@COF-OMe performed well in practical applications, while free lipase did not. The biocomposite successfully achieved the production of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas Oil with a yield of about 70% in the optimized conditions. CONCLUSION Magnetic COFs (Fe3O4@COF-OMe) for RML immobilization greatly improved catalytic performance in template reaction and biodiesel preparation. The magneticity makes it easily recovered and separated from the system. This first successful attempt of COFs-based immobilized enzyme broadened the prospect of biodiesel production by COFs with some inspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Xian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu Xing
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Zu-E Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong-Bo Xie
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China.
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Lin J, Zhong Y, Tang L, Wang L, Yang M, Xia H. Covalent organic frameworks: From materials design to electrochemical energy storage applications. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Yiren Zhong
- Department of Chemistry Energy Sciences Institute Yale University Yale Connecticut USA
| | - Lingyu Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Liuqi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Mei Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Hui Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
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Wang J, Zhang B, Sun J, Hu W, Wang H. Recent advances in porous nanostructures for cancer theranostics. NANO TODAY 2021; 38:101146. [PMID: 33897805 PMCID: PMC8059603 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Porous nanomaterials with high surface area, tunable porosity, and large mesopores have recently received particular attention in cancer therapy and imaging. Introduction of additional pores to nanostructures not only endows the tunability of optoelectronic and optical features optimal for tumor treatment, but also modulates the loading capacity and controlled release of therapeutic agents. In recognition, increasing efforts have been made to fabricate various porous nanomaterials and explore their potentials in oncology applications. Thus, a systematic and comprehensive summary is necessary to overview the recent progress, especially in last ten years, on the development of various mesoporous nanomaterials for cancer treatment as theranostic agents. While outlining their individual synthetic mechanisms after a brief introduction of the structures and properties of porous nanomaterials, the current review highlighted the representative applications of three main categories of porous nanostructures (organic, inorganic, and organic-inorganic nanomaterials). In each category, the synthesis, representative examples, and interactions with tumors were further detailed. The review was concluded with deliberations on the key challenges and future outlooks of porous nanostructures in cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, 07030, United States
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Technology, 300401, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Beilu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, 07030, United States
| | - Jingyu Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, 07030, United States
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, 07030, United States
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, 07030, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, 07030, United States
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48
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Feng J, Ren WX, Gao JL, Li F, Kong F, Yao BJ, Dong YB. Core-Shell-Structured Covalent-Organic Framework as a Nanoagent for Single-Laser-Induced Phototherapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:17243-17254. [PMID: 33825447 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Imaging-guided phototherapy, including photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy, has been emerging as a promising avenue for precision cancer treatment. However, the utilization of a single laser to induce combination phototherapy and multiple-model imaging remains a great challenge. Herein, we report, the first of its kind, a covalent-organic framework (COF)-based magnetic core-shell nanocomposite, Fe3O4@COF-DhaTph, that is used as a multifunctional nanoagent for cancer theranostics under single 660 nm NIR irradiation. Besides significant photothermal and photodynamic effects, it still permits triple-modal magnetic resonance/photoacoustic/near-infrared thermal (IR) imaging due to its unequaled magnetic and optical performance. We believe that the results obtained herein could obviously promote the application of COF-based multifunctional nanomaterials in cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Feng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Xiu Ren
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Lin Gao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Fei Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Fei Kong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Jian Yao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Bin Dong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
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Martínez-Abadía M, Strutyński K, Stoppiello CT, Lerma Berlanga B, Martí-Gastaldo C, Khlobystov AN, Saeki A, Melle-Franco M, Mateo-Alonso A. Understanding charge transport in wavy 2D covalent organic frameworks. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:6829-6833. [PMID: 33620062 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08962a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding charge transport in 2D covalent organic frameworks is crucial to increase their performance. Herein a new wavy 2D covalent organic framework has been designed, synthesized and studied to shine light on the structural factors that dominate charge transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martínez-Abadía
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
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Zhang Y, Sheng J, Zhai F, Wang X, Chen L, Shi C, Chen L, He L, Bai R, Xie J, Chai Z, Diwu J. Pioneering Iodine-125-Labeled Nanoscale Covalent Organic Frameworks for Brachytherapy. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:755-762. [PMID: 33775095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Brachytherapy has been clinically used for the treatment of malignant solid tumors. However, the classic therapeutic radioactive 125I seed must be surgically implanted directly into tumors. To avoid the surgery and prevent irrational radioactive distribution, radioiodine-loaded nanomaterials are ever-developing for brachytherapy. Hence, it is still a notable challenge to obtain an advanced material that simultaneously incorporates features of high radiolabeling rate, short labeling time, good radiolabeling stability, and long tumor retention time. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), which are crystalline polymers with ordered pores, are widely applied in guest delivery of drugs based on their high porosity and modifiable skeleton. Herein, we developed a functionalized nanoscale PEG-COF-Ag material, which could rapidly capture radioiodine reaching a 94% radiolabeling yield in 30 s. In addition, more than 95% 125I was maintained after 24 h in PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) as well as in serum and over 90% for nearly 1 week. PEG-COF-Ag-125I (125I-COF) demonstrated excellent cancer cell killing performance in vitro, and further experiments in vivo revealed a long tumor retention time and effective tumor treatment during the radiotherapy. The results indicate that radioiodine-labeled PEG-COF-Ag could be potentially applied in brachytherapy with a promising therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jie Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Fuwan Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Cen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Linwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ru Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhifang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Juan Diwu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
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