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Krupnik L, Avaro J, Liebi M, Anaraki NI, Kohlbrecher J, Sologubenko A, Handschin S, Rzepiela AJ, Appel C, Totu T, Blanchet CE, Alston AEB, Digigow R, Philipp E, Flühmann B, Silva BFB, Neels A, Wick P. Iron-carbohydrate complexes treating iron anaemia: Understanding the nano-structure and interactions with proteins through orthogonal characterisation. J Control Release 2024; 368:566-579. [PMID: 38438093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Intravenous (IV) iron-carbohydrate complexes are widely used nanoparticles (NPs) to treat iron deficiency anaemia, often associated with medical conditions such as chronic kidney disease, heart failure and various inflammatory conditions. Even though a plethora of physicochemical characterisation data and clinical studies are available for these products, evidence-based correlation between physicochemical properties of iron-carbohydrate complexes and clinical outcome has not fully been elucidated yet. Studies on other metal oxide NPs suggest that early interactions between NPs and blood upon IV injection are key to understanding how differences in physicochemical characteristics of iron-carbohydrate complexes cause variance in clinical outcomes. We therefore investigated the core-ligand structure of two clinically relevant iron-carbohydrate complexes, iron sucrose (IS) and ferric carboxymaltose (FCM), and their interactions with two structurally different human plasma proteins, human serum albumin (HSA) and fibrinogen, using a combination of cryo-scanning transmission electron microscopy (cryo-STEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). Using this orthogonal approach, we defined the nano-structure, individual building blocks and surface morphology for IS and FCM. Importantly, we revealed significant differences in the surface morphology of the iron-carbohydrate complexes. FCM shows a localised carbohydrate shell around its core, in contrast to IS, which is characterised by a diffuse and dynamic layer of carbohydrate ligand surrounding its core. We hypothesised that such differences in carbohydrate morphology determine the interaction between iron-carbohydrate complexes and proteins and therefore investigated the NPs in the presence of HSA and fibrinogen. Intriguingly, IS showed significant interaction with HSA and fibrinogen, forming NP-protein clusters, while FCM only showed significant interaction with fibrinogen. We postulate that these differences could influence bio-response of the two formulations and their clinical outcome. In conclusion, our study provides orthogonal characterisation of two clinically relevant iron-carbohydrate complexes and first hints at their interaction behaviour with proteins in the human bloodstream, setting a prerequisite towards complete understanding of the correlation between physicochemical properties and clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Krupnik
- Center for X-ray Analytics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland; Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Avaro
- Center for X-ray Analytics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Liebi
- Photon Science Division, PSI Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen CH-5232, Switzerland; Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Neda Iranpour Anaraki
- Center for X-ray Analytics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland; Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Kohlbrecher
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, PSI Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - Alla Sologubenko
- Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy, ScopeM, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Handschin
- Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy, ScopeM, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrzej J Rzepiela
- Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy, ScopeM, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Appel
- Photon Science Division, PSI Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - Tiberiu Totu
- Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland; ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology (D-HEST), CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland; SIB, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clement E Blanchet
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22603, Germany
| | | | | | - Erik Philipp
- CSL Vifor, Flughofstrasse 61, CH-8152 Glattbrugg, Switzerland
| | - Beat Flühmann
- CSL Vifor, Flughofstrasse 61, CH-8152 Glattbrugg, Switzerland
| | - Bruno F B Silva
- Center for X-ray Analytics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
| | - Antonia Neels
- Center for X-ray Analytics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Peter Wick
- Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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2
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Yilmaz H, Ahmed S, Rodriguez JD, Willett DR. Scanning Electron-Raman Cryomicroscopy for Characterization of Nanoparticle-Albumin Drug Products. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2633-2638. [PMID: 36693238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have expanded the use of active pharmaceutical ingredients by improving efficacy, decreasing toxicity, and facilitating targeted delivery. To systematically achieve this goal, nanomaterial-containing drugs need to be manufactured with precision in attributes such as size, morphology, surface chemistry, and composition. Their physicochemical characterization is essential as their attributes govern pharmacokinetics yet can be challenging due to the nature of many nanomaterial-based formulations unless advanced sample fixation and in vitro characterization methods are utilized. Here, different cryogenic and other fixation strategies were assessed, and a novel physicochemical characterization method was developed using scanning electron Raman cryo-microscopy (SERCM). A complex nanoparticle albumin bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) formulation was chosen as a model drug. Plunge freezing (PF), high pressure freezing (HPF), freeze substitution (FS), and membrane filtration were compared for their influence on size and morphology measurements, and formulation-based variations were quantified. SERCM was introduced as a multiattribute physicochemical characterization platform, and the composition of nanoparticles was confirmed as albumin-paclitaxel complexes. By coupling image-based quantitative analysis with chemical analysis, SERCM has the potential to pave the way for the development of comprehensive tools for assessing injectable and ophthalmic nanomaterial-containing drugs in their native-like state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huzeyfe Yilmaz
- Division of Complex Drug Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, St. Louis 63110, Missouri, United States
| | - Snober Ahmed
- Division of Complex Drug Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, St. Louis 63110, Missouri, United States
| | - Jason D Rodriguez
- Division of Complex Drug Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, St. Louis 63110, Missouri, United States
| | - Daniel R Willett
- Division of Complex Drug Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, St. Louis 63110, Missouri, United States
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3
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Kamisetty MK, Medisetty R, Ramesh B, Pappureddy S, Kashanna J, Govinda V, Kishore R. An Analytical Method for Determination of Total Iron in Pharmaceuticalgrade Intravenous Iron Colloidal Complexes by Redox-Potentiometry. Pharm Nanotechnol 2023; 11:486-492. [PMID: 37151072 DOI: 10.2174/2211738511666230507190224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron carbohydrate complexes are colloidal dispersions made up of polynuclear Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide cores surrounded by a carbohydrate shell that stabilizes the complex in iron colloidal formulations. The current study provides an improved method that is precise, accurate, and linear for quantifying total iron in most Iron Carbohydrate Colloid Drug Products. METHODS Redox iodometry with a potentiometric determination is used to evaluate total iron in intravenous formulations. The visual indicator approach is more prone to fluctuations at endpoint calculations. Hence, the voltage potential approach is widely accepted as it is more accurate and sensitive. It tracks the actual change in activity that coincides with the equivalence point that is finally considered an endpoint. The principle is based on the idea that ferric iron in formulation reduces to ferrous iron in the presence of the iodide, which oxidizes to iodine. The released iodine is titrated using sodium thiosulfate. RESULTS The proposed method was precise, with %RSD (relative standard deviation) not more than 1. The method was linear between 80% and 120%, with a linear regression of 0.999. The percent recovery ranged from 98.20 to 99.98 for the concentration ranges of 80-120. The method's robustness was checked by various analysts using different reagent grades. CONCLUSION The proposed potentiometric determination method was precise, accurate, linear, and sensitive. The method was successfully validated, and the total iron content determined for commercial batches agrees with the iron claim on the label. Therefore, this method can be adapted widely for total iron content determination in any Intravenous formulation currently available on the market. The proposed method is more accessible at the Quality Control facilities on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhava Krishna Kamisetty
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Varadhi Govinda
- Department of Chemistry, Gayatri Vidya Parishad, College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Ravada Kishore
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, India
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Zagalo DM, Simões S, Sousa J. Regulatory Science Approach in Pharmaceutical Development of Follow-On Versions of Non-Biological Complex Drug Products. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:2687-2713. [PMID: 35901943 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Scientific and technological breakthroughs in the field of Nanotechnology have been a driving force throughout the development and approval of Non-Biological Complex Drugs (NBCDs). However, the fast-growing expansion of NBCDs and the emergence of their follow-on versions have brought with them several scientific, technological, and regulatory challenges. The definition of NBCDs is still not officially recognized by the regulatory authorities, and there is no dedicated regulatory pathway addressing the particular features of NBCDs and their follow-on versions. The lack of clear and consistent regulatory guidance documents in this field, as well as, the inconsistency across different regulatory agencies, impact negatively on the acceptance and enormous potential of these drug products. Patient access to high-quality NBCDs follow-on versions may be compromised by regulatory uncertainty resulting from the use of different regulatory approaches across the globe, as well as within the same class of products. Accordingly, there is a real need to develop a specific regulatory pathway compliant with the complexity of NBCDs and their follow-on versions or, alternatively, make better use of available regulatory pathways. The main goal of the review is to deeply investigate and provide a critical overview of the regulatory landscape of NBCDs and follow-on versions currently adopted by the regulatory authorities. The dissemination of knowledge and discussion in this field can contribute to clarifying regulations, policies, and regulatory approaches to complex generics, thereby filling regulatory and scientific gaps in the establishment of therapeutic equivalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Zagalo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Bluepharma - Indústria Farmacêutica, São Martinho do Bispo, 3045-016 Coimbra, Portugal..
| | - Sérgio Simões
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Bluepharma - Indústria Farmacêutica, São Martinho do Bispo, 3045-016 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Sousa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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5
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Brandis JEP, Kihn KC, Taraban MB, Schnorr J, Confer AM, Batelu S, Sun D, Rodriguez JD, Jiang W, Goldberg DP, Langguth P, Stemmler TL, Yu YB, Kane MA, Polli JE, Michel SLJ. Evaluation of the Physicochemical Properties of the Iron Nanoparticle Drug Products: Brand and Generic Sodium Ferric Gluconate. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1544-1557. [PMID: 33621099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Complex iron nanoparticle-based drugs are one of the oldest and most frequently administered classes of nanomedicines. In the US, there are seven FDA-approved iron nanoparticle reference drug products, of which one also has an approved generic drug product (i.e., sodium ferric gluconate (SFG)). These products are indicated for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia and are administered intravenously. On the molecular level, iron nanomedicines are colloids composed of an iron oxide core with a carbohydrate coating. This formulation makes nanomedicines more complex than conventional small molecule drugs. As such, these products are often referred to as nonbiological complex drugs (e.g., by the nonbiological complex drugs (NBCD) working group) or complex drug products (e.g., by the FDA). Herein, we report a comprehensive study of the physiochemical properties of the iron nanoparticle product SFG. SFG is the single drug for which both an innovator (Ferrlecit) and generic product are available in the US, allowing for comparative studies to be performed. Measurements focused on the iron core of SFG included optical spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, and X-ray absorbance spectroscopy (XAS). The analysis revealed similar ferric-iron-oxide structures. Measurements focused on the carbohydrate shell comprised of the gluconate ligands included forced acid degradation, dynamic light scattering (DLS), analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Such analysis revealed differences in composition for the innovator versus the generic SFG. These studies have the potential to contribute to future quality assessment of iron complex products and will inform on a pharmacokinetic study of two therapeutically equivalent iron gluconate products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel E P Brandis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Kyle C Kihn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Marc B Taraban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Julia Schnorr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alex M Confer
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Sharon Batelu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Dajun Sun
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Jason D Rodriguez
- Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, St. Louis, MO 20903, United States
| | - Wenlei Jiang
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - David P Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Peter Langguth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Timothy L Stemmler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Yihua Bruce Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Maureen A Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - James E Polli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Sarah L J Michel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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6
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Nikravesh N, Borchard G, Hofmann H, Philipp E, Flühmann B, Wick P. Factors influencing safety and efficacy of intravenous iron-carbohydrate nanomedicines: From production to clinical practice. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 26:102178. [PMID: 32145382 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency is an important subclinical disease affecting over one billion people worldwide. A growing body of clinical records supports the use of intravenous iron-carbohydrate complexes for patients where iron replenishment is necessary and oral iron supplements are either ineffective or cannot be tolerated by the gastrointestinal tract. A critical characteristic of iron-carbohydrate drugs is the complexity of their core-shell structure, which has led to differences in the efficacy and safety of various iron formulations. This review describes parameters influencing the safety and effectiveness of iron-carbohydrate complexes during production, storage, handling, and clinical application. We summarized the physicochemical and biological assessments of commercially available iron carbohydrate nanomedicines to provide an overview of publicly available data. Further, we reviewed studies that described how subtle differences in the manufacturing process of iron-carbohydrate complexes can impact on the physicochemical, biological, and clinical outcomes of original product versus their intended copies or so-called iron "similar" products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niusha Nikravesh
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology interactions, Department of materials meet life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Gerrit Borchard
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Hofmann
- Institute of Materials, School of Technology and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Peter Wick
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology interactions, Department of materials meet life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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7
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de Vlieger JSB, Crommelin DJA, Tyner K, Drummond DC, Jiang W, McNeil SE, Neervannan S, Crist RM, Shah VP. Report of the AAPS Guidance Forum on the FDA Draft Guidance for Industry: "Drug Products, Including Biological Products, that Contain Nanomaterials". AAPS JOURNAL 2019; 21:56. [PMID: 30997588 PMCID: PMC6470106 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-019-0329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To guide developers of innovative and generic drug products that contain nanomaterials, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued the draft guidance for industry titled: "Drug Products, Including Biological Products, that Contain Nanomaterials" in December 2017. During the AAPS Guidance Forum on September 11, 2018, participants from industry, academia, and regulatory bodies discussed this draft guidance in an open setting. Two questions raised by the AAPS membership were discussed in more detail: what is the appropriate regulatory pathway for approval of drug products containing nanomaterials, and how to determine critical quality attributes (CQAs) for nanomaterials? During the meeting, clarification was provided on how the new FDA center-led guidance relates to older, specific nanomaterial class, or specific product-related guidances. The lively discussions concluded with some clear observations and recommendations: (I) Important lessons can be learned from how CQAs were determined for, e.g., biologics. (II) Publication of ongoing scientific discussions on strategies and studies determining CQAs of drug products containing nanomaterials will significantly strengthen the science base on this topic. Furthermore, (III) alignment on a global level on how to address new questions regarding nanomedicine development protocols will add to efficient development and approval of these much needed candidate nanomedicines (innovative and generic). Public meetings such as the AAPS Guidance Forum may serve as the place to have these discussions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daan J A Crommelin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Katherine Tyner
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Wenlei Jiang
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Generic Drugs, Office of Research and Standards, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Scott E McNeil
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Rachael M Crist
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Vinod P Shah
- VPS Consulting LLC, North Potomac, Maryland, USA
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8
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Lionberger RA. Innovation for Generic Drugs: Science and Research Under the Generic Drug User Fee Amendments of 2012. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2019; 105:878-885. [PMID: 30648739 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory science is science and research intended to improve decision making in a regulatory framework. Improvements in decision making can be in both accuracy (making better decisions) and in efficiency (making faster decisions). Science and research supported by the Generic Drug User Fee Amendments of 2012 (GDUFA) have focused on two innovative methodologies that work together to enable new approaches to development and review of generic drugs: quantitative models and advanced in vitro product characterization. Quantitative models faithfully represent current scientific understanding. They are tools pharmaceutical scientists and clinical pharmacologists use for making better and faster product development decisions. Advances in the in vitro product comparisons provide the measurements of product differences that are the critical input into the models. This paper outlines four areas where science and research funded by GDUFA support synergistic use of models and characterization at critical decision points during generic drug product development and review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Lionberger
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, US Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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9
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Neu HM, Alexishin SA, Brandis JEP, Williams AMC, Li W, Sun D, Zheng N, Jiang W, Zimrin A, Fink JC, Polli JE, Kane MA, Michel SLJ. Snapshots of Iron Speciation: Tracking the Fate of Iron Nanoparticle Drugs via a Liquid Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometric Approach. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:1272-1281. [PMID: 30676753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicines are nanoparticle-based therapeutic or diagnostic agents designed for targeted delivery or enhanced stability. Nanotechnology has been successfully employed to develop various drug formulations with improved pharmacokinetic characteristics, and current research efforts are focused on the development of new innovator and generic nanomedicines. Nanomedicines, which are often denoted as complex or nonbiological complex drugs, have inherently different physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties than conventional small molecule drugs. The tools necessary to fully evaluate nanomedicines in clinical settings are limited, which can hamper their development. One of the most successful families of nanomedicines are iron-carbohydrate nanoparticles, which are administered intravenously (IV) to treat iron-deficiency anemia. In the U.S., the FDA has approved six distinct iron-carbohydrate nanoparticles but only one generic version (sodium ferric gluconate for Ferrlecit). There is significant interest in approving additional generic iron-carbohydrate drugs; however, the lack of a direct method to monitor the fate of the iron nanoparticles in clinical samples has impeded this approval. Herein we report a novel liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS) method that allows for the direct quantification of the iron-carbohydrate drugs in clinical samples, while simultaneously measuring the speciation of the iron released from the nanoparticles in biological samples. To our knowledge, this is the first time that iron nanoparticles have been observed in clinical samples, opening the door for direct pharmacokinetic studies of this family of drugs. This method has potential applications not only for iron-nanoparticle drugs but also for any nanomedicine with an inorganic component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Neu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Maryland School of Pharmacy , Baltimore , Maryland 21201 , United States
| | - Sergei A Alexishin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Maryland School of Pharmacy , Baltimore , Maryland 21201 , United States
| | - Joel E P Brandis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Maryland School of Pharmacy , Baltimore , Maryland 21201 , United States
| | - Anne M C Williams
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Maryland School of Pharmacy , Baltimore , Maryland 21201 , United States
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Maryland School of Pharmacy , Baltimore , Maryland 21201 , United States
| | - Dajun Sun
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , Maryland 20993 , United States
| | - Nan Zheng
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , Maryland 20993 , United States
| | - Wenlei Jiang
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , Maryland 20993 , United States
| | - Ann Zimrin
- Oncology Program , University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland 21201 , United States
| | - Jeffrey C Fink
- Department of Medicine , University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland 21201 , United States
| | - James E Polli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Maryland School of Pharmacy , Baltimore , Maryland 21201 , United States
| | - Maureen A Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Maryland School of Pharmacy , Baltimore , Maryland 21201 , United States
| | - Sarah L J Michel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Maryland School of Pharmacy , Baltimore , Maryland 21201 , United States
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10
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Emily M, Ioanna N, Scott B, Beat F. Reflections on FDA Draft Guidance for Products Containing Nanomaterials: Is the Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) a Suitable Pathway for Nanomedicines? AAPS JOURNAL 2018; 20:92. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-018-0255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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