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Räsänen K, Soisalo K, Markula-Patjas K, Kantanen S, Sipilä K, Lakka TA, Valve-Dietz AK, Piippo-Savolainen E, Arikoski P. Increased adiposity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis - A comparison of the bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for the assessment of body composition. Acta Paediatr 2024; 113:2072-2080. [PMID: 38847445 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
AIM Higher adiposity and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases have been reported in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), but body composition measurements have produced inconsistent results. This controlled cross-sectional study assessed body composition with two methods to evaluate adiposity in children with JIA. METHODS We measured body composition by dual- energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) from 79 JIA-patients in two Finish university hospitals in 2017-2019. Their age- and sex-matched controls (n = 79) were selected from the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children- study and through National Registry. RESULTS Body fat percentage measured by BIA was higher (mean, SD) in patients compared to controls (23.1 ± 9.3% vs. 20.1 ± 7.5%, p = 0.047). Also, using DXA, there was a tendency of higher body fat percentage in patients (27.1 ± 9.1% vs. 24.6 ± 8.6, p = 0.106). BIA and DXA showed strong correlation (r from 0.810 to 0.977) in all body composition variables. CONCLUSION Increased adiposity was observed in patients with JIA. Evaluation of body composition should be included in the multidisciplinary care of JIA to reduce the possible risk of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. BIA could be a useful tool for assessing body composition due to its clinical availability and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Räsänen
- Pediatric Research Unit, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katja Soisalo
- Pediatric Research Unit, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kati Markula-Patjas
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Saija Kantanen
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kalle Sipilä
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna-Kaisa Valve-Dietz
- Department of Clinical physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institution of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eija Piippo-Savolainen
- Pediatric Research Unit, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pekka Arikoski
- Pediatric Research Unit, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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Mecherques-Carini M, Albaladejo-Saura M, Vaquero-Cristóbal R, Baglietto N, Esparza-Ros F. Validity and agreement between dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance in the estimation of fat mass in young adults. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1421950. [PMID: 38919386 PMCID: PMC11198126 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1421950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Assessment of fat mass has historically employed various methods like Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), and bioelectrical impedance (BIA), and anthropometry with its set of formulas. However, doubts persist regarding their validity and interchangeability to evaluate fat mass. This research aimed to determine the validity of anthropometry, and BIA in estimating fat mass Vs DXA, considering the influence of sex and hydration status. Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional study included 265 young adults (161 males and 104 females), assessed through DXA, BIA in a standing position, and anthropometry. A fat mass estimation formula with DXA, a fat mass estimation formula with BIA and 10 fat mass estimation formulas with anthropometry were calculated. Results Significant differences were found across DXA, BIA and anthropometry in both kilograms and percentages for the overall sample (p<0.001), and when the covariable sex was included (p<0.001), with no significant effect of hydration status (p=0.332-0.527). Bonferroni-adjusted analyses revealed significant differences from DXA with anthropometry and BIA in most cases for the overall sample (p<0.001), as well as when stratified by sex (p<0.001-0.016). Lin's coefficient indicated poor agreement between most of the formulas and methods both in percentage and kilograms of fat mass (CCC=0.135-0.892). In the Bland-Altman analysis, using the DXA fat mass values as a reference, lack of agreement was found in the general sample (p<0.001-0.007), except for Carter's formula in kilograms (p=0.136) and percentage (p=0.929) and Forsyth for percentage (p=0.365). When separating the sample by sex, lack of agreement was found in males for all methods when compared with both percentage and kilograms calculated by DXA (p<0.001). In the female sample, all methods and formulas showed lack of agreement (p<0.001-0.020), except for Evans's in percentage (p=0.058). Conclusion The formulas for fat mass assessment with anthropometry and BIA may not be valid with respect to the values reported with DXA, with the exception of Carter's anthropometry formula for general sample and Evans's anthropometry formula for female sample. BIA could also be an alternative if what is needed is to assess fat mass in women as a group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malek Mecherques-Carini
- International Kinanthropometry Chair, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mario Albaladejo-Saura
- International Kinanthropometry Chair, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
| | - Nicolás Baglietto
- International Kinanthropometry Chair, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Esparza-Ros
- International Kinanthropometry Chair, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Włodarski A, Szymczak-Pajor I, Kasznicki J, Antanaviciute EM, Szymańska B, Śliwińska A. Association of Glutathione Peroxidase 3 (GPx3) and miR-196a with Carbohydrate Metabolism Disorders in the Elderly. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5409. [PMID: 38791447 PMCID: PMC11121935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The escalating prevalence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMDs) prompts the need for early diagnosis and effective markers for their prediction. Hyperglycemia, the primary indicator of CMDs including prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), leads to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress (OxS). This condition, resulting from chronic hyperglycemia and insufficient antioxidant defense, causes damage to biomolecules, triggering diabetes complications. Additionally, aging itself can serve as a source of OxS due to the weakening of antioxidant defense mechanisms. Notably, previous research indicates that miR-196a, by downregulating glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3), contributes to insulin resistance (IR). Additionally, a GPx3 decrease is observed in overweight/obese and insulin-resistant individuals and in the elderly population. This study investigates plasma GPx3 levels and miR-196a expression as potential CMD risk indicators. We used ELISA to measure GPx3 and qRT-PCR for miR-196a expression, supplemented by multivariate linear regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Our findings included a significant GPx3 reduction in the CMD patients (n = 126), especially in the T2DM patients (n = 51), and a decreasing trend in the prediabetes group (n = 37). miR-196a expression, although higher in the CMD and T2DM groups than in the controls, was not statistically significant, potentially due to the small sample size. In the individuals with CMD, GPx3 levels exhibited a negative correlation with the mass of adipose tissue, muscle, and total body water, while miR-196a positively correlated with fat mass. In the CMD group, the analysis revealed a weak negative correlation between glucose and GPx3 levels. ROC analysis indicated a 5.2-fold increased CMD risk with GPx3 below 419.501 ng/mL. Logistic regression suggested that each 100 ng/mL GPx3 increase corresponded to a roughly 20% lower CMD risk (OR = 0.998; 95% CI: 0.996-0.999; p = 0.031). These results support the potential of GPx3 as a biomarker for CMD, particularly in T2DM, and the lack of a significant decline in GPx3 levels in prediabetic individuals suggests that it may not serve reliably as an early indicator of CMDs, warranting further large-scale validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Włodarski
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (A.W.); (I.S.-P.)
| | - Izabela Szymczak-Pajor
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (A.W.); (I.S.-P.)
| | - Jacek Kasznicki
- Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Egle Morta Antanaviciute
- Centre for Cellular Microenvironments, Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK;
| | - Bożena Szymańska
- Research Laboratory CoreLab, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8 St., 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (A.W.); (I.S.-P.)
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Frigerio G, Ferrari CM, Fustinoni S. Prenatal and childhood exposure to per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and its associations with childhood overweight and/or obesity: a systematic review with meta-analyses. Environ Health 2023; 22:56. [PMID: 37580798 PMCID: PMC10424367 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-01006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent organic pollutants and suspected endocrine disruptors. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to summarise the associations between prenatal or childhood exposure to PFASs and childhood overweight/obesity. METHODS The search was performed on the bibliographic databases PubMed and Embase with text strings containing terms related to prenatal, breastfeeding, childhood, overweight, obesity, and PFASs. Only papers describing a biomonitoring study in pregnant women or in children up to 18 years that assessed body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), or fat mass in children were included. When the estimates of the association between a PFAS and an outcome were reported from at least 3 studies, a meta-analysis was conducted; moreover, to correctly compare the studies, we developed a method to convert the different effect estimates and made them comparable each other. Meta-analyses were performed also stratifying by sex and age, and sensitivity analyses were also performed. RESULTS In total, 484 and 779 articles were retrieved from PubMed and Embase, respectively, resulting in a total of 826 articles after merging duplicates. The papers included in this systematic review were 49: 26 evaluating prenatal exposure to PFASs, 17 childhood exposure, and 6 both. Considering a qualitative evaluation, results were conflicting, with positive, negative, and null associations. 30 papers were included in meta-analyses (19 prenatal, 7 children, and 4 both). Positive associations were evidenced between prenatal PFNA and BMI, between PFOA and BMI in children who were more than 3 years, and between prenatal PFNA and WC. Negative associations were found between prenatal PFOS and BMI in children who were 3 or less years, and between PFHxS and risk of overweight. Relatively more consistent negative associations were evidenced between childhood exposure to three PFASs (PFOA, PFOS, and PFNA) and BMI, in particular PFOS in boys. However, heterogeneity among studies was high. CONCLUSION Even though heterogeneous across studies, the pooled evidence suggests possible associations, mostly positive, between prenatal exposure to some PFASs and childhood BMI/WC; and relatively stronger evidence for negative associations between childhood exposure to PFASs and childhood BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Frigerio
- Environmental Cheminformatics, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Campus Belval | House of Biomedicine II, 6 Avenue du Swing, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milano, Italy.
- Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Chiara Matilde Ferrari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Fustinoni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
- Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Klement RJ, Joos FT, Reuss-Borst MA, Kämmerer U. Measurement of body composition by DXA, BIA, Leg-to-leg BIA and near-infrared spectroscopy in breast cancer patients - comparison of the four methods. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 54:443-452. [PMID: 36963892 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Body composition plays a crucial role in therapy adherence and the prognosis of cancer patients. The aim of this work was to compare four measurement methods for determining body composition regarding their validity, reliability and practicability in order to be able to draft a practical recommendation as to which method is most suitable as a standard measurement method in oncology. METHODS Fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) was estimated for 100 breast cancer patients with ages of 18-70 years during a defined 20-week inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation process after primary therapy or follow-up rehabilitation. The four methods used were dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), leg-to-leg BIA and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). At baseline (t0) and after 20 weeks (t20) the agreement between the four body composition analysis methods was quantified by pairwise method comparisons using Bland-Altman bias and limits of agreement estimates, t-tests and Lin's concordance correlation coefficients (CCCs). RESULTS CCCs and Bland-Altman plots indicated that DXA and BIA, DXA and NIRS as well as BIA and NIRS showed an excellent agreement concerning FM estimation at both time points (CCC>0.9). In contrast, no methods agreed with a CCC higher than 0.9 with respect to FFM estimation. However, most estimates were also significantly different between two methods, except for BIA and NIRS which yielded comparable FFM and FM estimates at both time points, albeit with large 95% limits of agreement intervals. The agreement between DXA and BIA was best in the lowest BMI tertile and worsened as BMI increased. Significant differences were also found for FFM changes measured with DXA versus BIA (mean difference -0.4 kg, p = 0.0049), DXA versus to Leg-to-leg BIA (-0.6 kg, p = 0.00073) and for FM changes measured with DXA versus Leg-to-leg BIA (0.5 kg, p = 0.0011). CONCLUSIONS For accurate and valid body composition estimates, Leg-to-leg BIA cannot be recommended due to its significant underestimation of FM or significant overestimation of FFM, respectively. BIA and NIRS results showed good agreement with the gold standard DXA. Therefore both measurement methods appear to be very well suitable to assess body composition of oncological patients and should be used more frequently on a routine basis to monitor the body composition of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer J Klement
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leopoldina Hospital Schweinfurt, Schweinfurt, Germany.
| | - Fabian T Joos
- Department of Anesthesiology, Regional Clinic Holding RKH GmbH - Ludwigsburg, Germany.
| | - Monika A Reuss-Borst
- Hescuro Clinics, Center for Rehabilitation and Prevention, Bad Bocklet, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Kämmerer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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6
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Huang Y, Wang X, Cheng H, Dong H, Shan X, Zhao X, Wang X, Xie X, Mi J. Differences in air displacement plethysmography, bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for estimating body composition in Chinese children and adolescents. J Paediatr Child Health 2023; 59:470-479. [PMID: 36661380 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to compare body composition (BC) measurements obtained by three widely used BC measuring methods, air displacement plethysmography (ADP), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), in Chinese children and adolescents by sex and different BMI categories. METHODS We used three BC measuring methods to evaluate healthy Chinese children and adolescents aged 5-17 years with BMI categories ranging from underweight to obese. Fat mass (FM, kg), fat mass percentage (FMP, %), fat-free mass (FFM, kg) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM, kg) were measured by DXA, BIA and ADP on the same day within 1 h. RESULTS A total of 172 Chinese children and adolescents were included in this study. The agreements for FM, FFM and ASM estimated by the three methods were excellent or good at the population level (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.850, P < 0.05). However, ADP or BIA estimated lower body fat content and higher FFM than DXA (P < 0.001 for all). Moreover, the precise estimates significantly varied across BMI categories. In addition, the limit of agreements was wide, and the differences might not be clinically acceptable at the individual level. CONCLUSIONS Body fat and FFM obtained by the three commonly used methods were highly correlated, but systematically different and influenced by BMI. This study provided a basis for mutual reference of measurements between three widely used methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Huang
- Center for Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Center for Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Dong
- Center for Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xinying Shan
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Center for Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jie Mi
- Center for Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
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Moeng-Mahlangu L, Monyeki MA, Reilly JJ, Kruger HS. Comparison of Several Prediction Equations Using Skinfold Thickness for Estimating Percentage Body Fat vs. Body Fat Percentage Determined by BIA in 6-8-Year-Old South African Children: The BC-IT Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14531. [PMID: 36361413 PMCID: PMC9656018 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Body composition measurement is useful for assessing percentage body fat (%BF) and medical diagnosis, monitoring disease progression and response to treatment, and is essential in assessing nutritional status, especially in children. However, finding accurate and precise techniques remains a challenge. The study compares %BF determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and calculated from available prediction equations based on skinfolds in young South African children. A cross-sectional study performed on 202 children (83 boys and 119 girls) aged 6-8 years. Height and weight, triceps and subscapular skinfolds were determined according to standard procedures. %BF was determined with BIA and three relevant available equations. SPSS analyzed the data using paired samples tests, linear regression, and Bland-Altman plots. Significant paired mean differences were found for BIA and Slaughter (t201 = 33.896, p < 0.001), Wickramasinghe (t201 = 4.217, p < 0.001), and Dezenberg (t201 = 19.910, p < 0.001). For all of the equations, the standards for evaluating prediction errors (SEE) were above 5. The Bland-Altman plots show relatively large positive and negative deviations from the mean difference lines and trends of systematic under- and over-estimation of %BF across the %BF spectrum. All three equations demonstrated a smaller %BF than the %BF measured by BIA, but the difference was smallest with the Wickramasinghe equation. In comparison, a poor SEE was found in the three %BF predicted equations and %BF derived from BIA. As such, an age-specific %BF equation incorporating criterion methods of deuterium dilution techniques or 'gold-standard' methods is needed to refute these findings. However, in the absence of developed %BF equations or 'gold-standard' methods, the available prediction equations are still desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Moeng-Mahlangu
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area (PhASRec), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
| | - Makama A. Monyeki
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area (PhASRec), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
| | - John J. Reilly
- Physical Activity for Health Group, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
| | - Herculina S. Kruger
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
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Tornero-Aguilera JF, Villegas-Mora BE, Clemente-Suárez VJ. Differences in Body Composition Analysis by DEXA, Skinfold and BIA Methods in Young Football Players. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:1643. [PMID: 36360370 PMCID: PMC9688600 DOI: 10.3390/children9111643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The most widely used method in professional sports for fat percentage assessment is the skinfold method. However, there is the chance of bias and human error. For this reason, other more precise methods are used, such as single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) or dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). However, there are limited data that demonstrate the methodological shortcomings or congruences in fat and fat-free mass estimates including gender differences and differences in athlete populations. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare total body fat (%BF) estimated by six skinfold thickness measurement (SKF) and single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) methods, using three different sets of equations, to that assessed by the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) method using a DEXA Hologic Serie Discovery QDR. For this aim, 76 males and 70 females belonging to the professional Spanish football federation were evaluated. We found significant differences between the three measures. BIA significantly underestimates the fat percentage, followed by skinfolds. With DEXA being the more objective or accurate method, an equation is established by means of linear regression analysis that allows the percentage of adipose tissue to be obtained either through anthropometry or electrical bioimpedance and adjusted to that which would be obtained by the DEXA system.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain
- Studies Centre in Applied Combat (CESCA), 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Bella Esperanza Villegas-Mora
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain
- Studies Centre in Applied Combat (CESCA), 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain
- Studies Centre in Applied Combat (CESCA), 45007 Toledo, Spain
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Hoffmann J, Thiele J, Kwast S, Borger MA, Schröter T, Falz R, Busse M. Measurement of subcutaneous fat tissue: reliability and comparison of caliper and ultrasound via systematic body mapping. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15798. [PMID: 36138057 PMCID: PMC9500055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19937-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Caliper and ultrasound (US) are used to measure subcutaneous fat tissue depth (SFT) and then to calculate total body fat. There is no evidence-based recommendation as to whether caliper or US are equally accurate. The aim of this paper was therefore to compare reliability of both methods. In this methodical study, 54 participants (BMI: 24.8 ± 3.5 kg/m2; Age: 43.2 ± 21.7 years) were included. Using systematic body mapping, the SFT of 56 areas was measured. We also analyzed 4 body sites via MRI. A comparison between caliper and US detected clear differences in mean SFT of all areas (0.83 ± 0.33 cm vs. 1.14 ± 0.54 cm; p < 0.001) showing moderate reliability (ICC 0.669, 95%CI: 0.625–0.712). US and MRI revealed in the abdominal area a SFT twice as thick as caliper (2.43 ± 1.36 cm vs. 2.26 ± 1.32 cm vs. 1.15 ± 0.66 cm; respectively). Caliper and US revealed excellent intrarater (ICC caliper: 0.944, 95%CI: 0.926–0.963; US: 0.934, 95%CI: 0.924–0.944) and good interrater reliability (ICC caliper: 0.794, 95%CI: 0.754–0.835; US: 0.825, 95%CI: 0.794–0.857). Despite the high reliability in measuring SFT that caliper and US show, our comparison of the two methods yielded clear differences in SFT, particularly in the abdominal area. In accuracy terms, US is preferable for most mapping areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Hoffmann
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Prevention, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jens Thiele
- Department of Radiology, Helios Klinik, 04435, Schkeuditz, Germany
| | - Stefan Kwast
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Prevention, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Andrew Borger
- University Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center Leipzig, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Schröter
- University Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center Leipzig, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roberto Falz
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Prevention, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Busse
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Prevention, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Nutritional Status of Saudi Children with Celiac Disease Following the Ministry of Health’s Gluten-Free Diet Program. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142792. [PMID: 35889749 PMCID: PMC9315680 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of Saudi children with celiac disease (CD) who followed the Ministry of Health’s gluten-free diet (GFD) program. This study involved 66 children with CD (29 boys and 37 girls) from 5 hospitals belonging to the Ministry of Health. Socioeconomic characteristics were obtained using a structured questionnaire. Anthropometric indices were measured using a body composition analyzer. Dietary intake was assessed using three 24 h dietary records. The biochemical parameters were determined in the hospitals’ laboratories. According to the findings, the majority of respondents had ages ranging from 10 to 13 years, a father and mother with a university education, a high family income, and 5 to 7 family members. Carbohydrates and protein intake for both genders were significantly higher than the DRI’s recommended dietary intake. However, the majority of nutrients consumed were at levels significantly lower than the DRI. Both genders had normal anthropometric indices, with girls having at significantly higher indices than boys. The biochemical parameters of both genders were comparable and within the normal range, except for vitamin D, which was below the normal range. The most important factors influencing nutritional status were age for both genders, and family income and number of family members for boys. In conclusion, data obtained for nutrient intake, anthropometric indicators, body composition, and biochemical analysis indicated that CD children following the Ministry of Health GFD program have a generally good nutritional status.
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11
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[Development of anthropometric equations for predicting total body fat percentage in Chilean children and adolescents]. NUTR HOSP 2022; 39:580-587. [PMID: 35485372 DOI: 10.20960/nh.03636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION studying the percentage of body fat (%BF) in children and adolescents is very relevant, since a high level of body fat in childhood and adolescence represents overweight and obesity. OBJECTIVE to identify the anthropometric indicators related to %BF and to validate regression equations to predict %BF in children and adolescents using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a reference method. METHODS a descriptive study (cross-sectional) was designed in 1126 schoolchildren (588 males and 538 females) from the Maule region (Chile). The age range ranged from 6.0 to 17.9 years. Weight, height, two skinfolds (tricipital and subscapular and waist circumference (WC) were evaluated. Body mass index (BMI), triponderal mass index (TMI), waist height index (WHtR) were calculated. Body fat percentage (%BF) was assessed by DXA scanning. RESULTS the relationships between Σ (Tricipital + Subscapular), TMI and WHtR with %BF (DXA) ranged from R2 = 52 % to 54 % in men, and from R2 = 41 % to 49 % in women. The equations generated for men were: %BF = 9.775 + [(0.415 * (Tr + SE)] + (35.084 * WHtR) - (0.828 * age), R2 = 70 %, and %BF = 20.720 + [(0.492 * (Tr + SE)] + (0.354 * TMI) - (0.923 * age), R2 = 68 %], and for women: %BF = 8.608 + [(0.291 * (Tr + SE)] + (38.893 * WHtR) - (0.176 * age), R2 = 60 %, and %BF = 16.087 + [(0.306 * (Tr + SE)] + (0.818 * TMI) - (0.300 * age), R2 = 59 %. CONCLUSION this study showed that the sum of tricipital and subscapular skinfolds, IP and WHtR are adequate predictors of %BF. These indicators allowed the development of two regression equations acceptable in terms of precision and accuracy to predict %BF in children and adolescents of both sexes.
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Orkin S, Yodoshi T, Romantic E, Hitchcock K, Arce-Clachar AC, Bramlage K, Sun Q, Fei L, Xanthakos SA, Trout AT, Mouzaki M. Body composition measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis is a viable alternative to magnetic resonance imaging in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2022; 46:378-384. [PMID: 33811369 PMCID: PMC8649944 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) obtained measures of body composition in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS Youth with obesity and NAFLD who had BIA and abdominal MRI testing were included. BIA measured skeletal muscle mass (SMM), appendicular lean mass (ALM), trunk muscle mass (TMM), and percent body fat. MRI measured total psoas muscle surface area (tPMSA) and fat compartments. Univariate analysis described the relationship between BIA- and MRI-derived measurements. Multivariable regression analyses built a model with body composition measured via MRI. RESULTS 115 patients (82 (71%) male, 38 (33%) Hispanic, median age14 years) were included. There was a strong correlation between tPMSA and SMM, ALM, and TMM (correlation coefficients [CCs]: 0.701, 0.689, 0.708, respectively; all P < .001). Higher SMM, ALM, and TMM were associated with higher tPMSA. This association remained after controlling for age, sex, ethnicity, type 2 diabetes mellitus status, and body mass index z-score. Total fat mass by BIA and MRI-determined total, subcutaneous, and intraperitoneal fat area correlated significantly (CCs: 0.813, 0.808, 0.515, respectively; all P < .001). In univariate regression, higher total fat mass by BIA was associated with increased total fat area and increased fat in each of the four regions measured by MRI. After controlling for confounders, the association between total fat mass by BIA and total fat area by MRI persisted. CONCLUSIONS BIA measures of muscle and fat mass correlate strongly with MRI measures of tPMSA and fat areas in children with obesity and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Orkin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Toshifumi Yodoshi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily Romantic
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kathryn Hitchcock
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ana Catalina Arce-Clachar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kristin Bramlage
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Qin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lin Fei
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Stavra A Xanthakos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew T Trout
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Marialena Mouzaki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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The triponderal mass index as a measure of adiposity in pediatric survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1404. [PMID: 35082328 PMCID: PMC8792003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05236-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of childhood cancer. Treatments of ALL predispose survivors to obesity, which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The hallmark of obesity is excess fat mass, and adiposity is a superior predictor of cardiometabolic risk when compared to Body Mass Index (BMI), yet clinical measures of adiposity in children are lacking. The Tri-Ponderal Mass Index (TMI) (kg/m3) is a more accurate adiposity measure compared to BMI z-score in the general pediatric population. This cross-sectional study aimed to validate TMI as an adiposity measure against DEXA scan-derived adiposity, and to compare it to BMI z-score, in pediatric ALL survivors. This study was a retrospective chart review of pediatric ALL survivors diagnosed between 2004 and 2015 at McMaster Children’s Hospital, a tertiary pediatric center in Ontario, Canada. One hundred and thirteen patients (Female n = 55, 48.70%) were included, and adiposity was measured using DEXA scans. Exploratory partial correlations and linear regression analyses were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and ALL risk status. Both TMI and BMI z-score correlated with the DEXA-measured fat mass percentage (FM%) (partial correlation TMI versus FM% r = 0.56; p value < 0.0001; BMI z-score versus FM% r = 0.55; p value < 0.0001). In regression analyses, the association of TMI was not inferior to BMI z-score in assessing adiposity (TMI versus FM% estimated unstandardized B 0.80, 95% CI 0.56, 1.02; p value < 0.0001; BMI z-score versus FM% (unstandardized B 0.37, 95% CI 0.26, 0.49; p value < 0.0001). The TMI is a useful clinical adiposity-specific measure in survivors of pediatric ALL.
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14
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Comparative analysis of anthropometric indicators for diagnosing obesity and predicting cardiometabolic risk in Mexican adolescents. NUTR HOSP 2022; 39:513-519. [PMID: 35080416 DOI: 10.20960/nh.03897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION obesity is a cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factor in adolescents. It represents a public health problem that requires simple diagnostic strategies based on the determination of anthropometric indicators (AIs) such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), conicity index (CONI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and body fat percentage (BFP). The purpose of the current contribution was to analyze the utility of the aforementioned AIs for evaluating obesity as a CMR factor in Mexican adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS the design of the study is descriptive and cross-sectional. Nutritional status was established by using various AIs and as a CMR factor under the criteria of WHtR. Participating in the present investigation were 2,000 adolescents from 15 to 17 years of age, of which 1,079 (53.9 %) were female and 921 (46.1 %) were male. All were high school students in Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION the prevalence of obesity was influenced by gender. With the WHtR and BFP, male students exhibited a greater prevalence of obesity, while with the BMI and CONI, the percentage of obesity was similar between the two genders. BMI was significantly correlated with BFP, WC and WHtR, and was one of the AIs with the greatest area under the curve, showing a good capacity to predict cardiometabolic risk. BMI is a simple and adequate tool for diagnosing obesity and predicting CMR in adolescents.
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15
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Lower grip strength values are associated with increased levels of adiposity and excess weight: a cross-sectional study. NUTR HOSP 2022; 39:752-759. [DOI: 10.20960/nh.04004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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16
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Djossou HJ, Tazi MA, Ahmed Ghassem M, El Ouardi N, Taoubane L, Majjad A, Sadni S, Toufik H, Achemlal L, El Maghraoui A. Reproducibility of total and regional body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:991-999. [PMID: 33386877 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05741-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Several studies have reported changes in body composition in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Our study showed that body composition measurements obtained by absorptiometry were highly reproducible in patients suffering from these diseases. This study justifies the use of absorptiometry measurements in longitudinal studies in this population. PURPOSE Our study aimed to assess the reproducibility of total and regional body composition in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and to compare them to healthy subjects. METHODS The study enrolled 80 subjects including 32 healthy subjects, 31 RA patients, and 17 AS patients. Each subject had two scans in one day under the same standard conditions and none ate nor drunk before being repositioned on the table. The reproducibility was assessed through the coefficient of variation (CV), the least significant change (LSC), the intraclass correlation (ICC), and the smallest significant difference (SDD). RESULTS Total body composition measurements obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were highly reproducible, and there was no statistically significant difference between reproducibility in healthy subjects, patients with RA, and patients with AS. For total body fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), and bone mineral content (BMC) in the total population, CV values were 1.71%, 1.25%, and 1.74%, respectively; ICC values were 0.998, 0.996, and 0.993, respectively; LSC values were 4.88%, 3.7%, and 5.2%, respectively; and SDD values were ± 1.23 Kg, ± 1.47 Kg, and ± 126.0 g, respectively. For regional body FM, LM, and BMC in the total population, CV values in the arms were 8.46%, 4.17%, and 3.79%, respectively; in the legs 6.24%, 3.59%, and 2.04%, respectively, and in the trunk 5.02%, 2.92%, and 5.24%, respectively. CONCLUSION Total body tissue mass, FM percentage, FM, LM, and BMC measurements obtained by DXA are highly reproducible in RA and AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Djossou
- Rheumatology Department, Military Hospital Mohammed V, PO Box: 1018, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - M A Tazi
- Statistics Department, National Institute of Oncology Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Rabat, Morocco
| | - M Ahmed Ghassem
- Rheumatology Department, Military Hospital Mohammed V, PO Box: 1018, Rabat, Morocco
| | - N El Ouardi
- Rheumatology Department, Military Hospital Mohammed V, PO Box: 1018, Rabat, Morocco
| | - L Taoubane
- Rheumatology Department, Military Hospital Mohammed V, PO Box: 1018, Rabat, Morocco
| | - A Majjad
- Rheumatology Department, Military Hospital Mohammed V, PO Box: 1018, Rabat, Morocco
| | - S Sadni
- Rheumatology Department, Military Hospital Mohammed V, PO Box: 1018, Rabat, Morocco
| | - H Toufik
- Rheumatology Department, Military Hospital Mohammed V, PO Box: 1018, Rabat, Morocco
| | - L Achemlal
- Rheumatology Department, Military Hospital Mohammed V, PO Box: 1018, Rabat, Morocco
| | - A El Maghraoui
- Cabinet of Rheumatology, Av. Mohamed V, Street Bait Lahm, Buil B, n°6, Rabat, Morocco
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Cohen DD, Sandercock GR, Camacho PA, Otero-Wandurraga J, Romero SMP, Marín RDPM, Sierra CAV, Carreño J, Moran J, Lopez-Jaramillo P. The SIMAC study: A randomized controlled trial to compare the effects of resistance training and aerobic training on the fitness and body composition of Colombian adolescents. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248110. [PMID: 33878107 PMCID: PMC8057582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact on muscle strength, aerobic fitness and body composition, of replacing the physical education (PE) class of Colombian adolescents with resistance or aerobic training. 120 tanner stage 3 adolescents attending a state school were randomized to resistance training, aerobic training, or a control group who continued to attend a weekly 2- hour PE class for 16 weeks. The resistance training and aerobic training groups participated in twice weekly supervised after-school exercise sessions of < 1 hour instead of their PE class. Sum of skinfolds, lean body mass (bioelectrical impedance analysis), muscular strength (6 repetition maximum (RM)) bench press, lateral pulldown and leg press) and estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (multistage 20 meter shuttle run) were assessed at pre and post intervention. Complete data were available for n = 40 of the resistance training group, n = 40 of the aerobic training group and n = 30 PE (controls). Resistance training attenuated increases in sum of skinfolds compared with controls (d = 0.27, [0.09-0.36]). We found no significant effect on lean body mass. Resistance training produced a positive effect on muscle strength compared with both controls (d = 0.66 [.49-.86]) and aerobic training (d = 0.55[0.28-0.67]). There was a positive effect of resistance training on cardiorespiratory fitness compared with controls (d = 0.04 [-0.10-0.12]) but not compared with aerobic training (d = 0.24 [0.10-0.36]). Replacing a 2-hour PE class with two 1 hour resistance training sessions attenuated gains in subcutaneous adiposity, and enhanced muscle strength and aerobic fitness development in Colombian youth, based on a median attendance of approximately 1 session a week. Further research to assess whether adequate stimuli for the development of muscular fitness exists within current physical education provision is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Dylan Cohen
- Masira Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Santander (UDES), Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Sports Science Center (CCD), Colombian Ministry of Sport (Mindeporte), Colombia
| | | | - Paul Anthony Camacho
- Fundación Oftalmologica de Santander (FOSCAL), Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga (UNAB), Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Johanna Otero-Wandurraga
- Masira Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Santander (UDES), Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Javier Carreño
- Masira Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Santander (UDES), Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Jason Moran
- Fundación Oftalmologica de Santander (FOSCAL), Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo
- Masira Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Santander (UDES), Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Fundación Oftalmologica de Santander (FOSCAL), Bucaramanga, Colombia
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18
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Orsso CE, Silva MIB, Gonzalez MC, Rubin DA, Heymsfield SB, Prado CM, Haqq AM. Assessment of body composition in pediatric overweight and obesity: A systematic review of the reliability and validity of common techniques. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13041. [PMID: 32374499 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Accurate measurement of body composition is required to improve health outcomes in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. This systematic review aimed to summarize the reliability and validity of field and laboratory body composition techniques employed in pediatric obesity studies to facilitate technique selection for research and clinical practice implementation. A systematic search in MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus from inception up to December 2019 was conducted, using a combination of the following concepts: body composition, pediatric overweight/obesity, and reliability/validity. The search strategy resulted in 66 eligible articles reporting reliability (19.7%), agreement between body composition techniques cross sectionally (80.3%), and/or diagnostic test accuracy (10.6%) in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity (mean age range = 7.0-16.5 years). Skinfolds, air-displacement plethysmography (ADP), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and ultrasound presented as reliable techniques. DXA, ADP, and isotope dilution showed similar and the best agreement with reference standards. Compared with these laboratory techniques, the validity of estimating body composition by anthropometric equations, skinfolds, and BIA was inferior. In conclusion, the assessment of body composition by laboratory techniques cannot be replaced by field techniques due to introduction of measurement errors, which potentially conceal actual changes in body components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila E Orsso
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maria Ines B Silva
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Applied Nutrition, Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Applied Nutrition, Nutrition School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Gonzalez
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Pennington Biomedical Research Center, LSU System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Daniela A Rubin
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, California, USA
| | - Steven B Heymsfield
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, LSU System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrea M Haqq
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Comparison of 7-site skinfold measurement and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for estimating body fat percentage and regional adiposity in Taiwanese diabetic patients. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236323. [PMID: 32706814 PMCID: PMC7380604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and regional adiposity are important risk factors for cardiometabolic disorders. The aim of this study is to compare 7-site skinfold (SF) measurement to dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as the reference method for estimating body fat percentage (BF%) and regional adiposity in diabetic outpatients. A total of 59 diabetic patients (36 females and 23 males) aged 28.5–78 years (median 67.7 years) with BMI 18.8–40.6 kg/m2 (median: 25.5 kg/m2) were enrolled. 7-site skinfold measurement and DXA were performed at the same visit day and biochemistry data were collected. Our results demonstrate the BF% calculated via Jackson & Pollock 7-site skinfold equation presents a strong correlation (r = 0.672, p < 0.001 in females; r = 0.885, p < 0.001 in males) with that measured by DXA, but the means of BF% between these two methods are significantly different in both sexes (paired t-test, p < 0.001). The Bland-Altman analysis showed the mean differences (DXA-SF) of BF% were positive for female (8.74%) and male (7.22%), suggesting Jackson & Pollock 7-site skinfold equation tends to underestimate the BF%. Besides, regional SF thicknesses of 7-site skinfold measurement were significantly correlated with the matched regional adiposity quantified by DXA. Furthermore, truncal and android SF thicknesses were notably positively correlated with several cardiometabolic risk factors in gender-specific manner. Our data indicate the 7-site skinfold measurement is not an interchangeable method for precisely measuring BF%, but might be practical for evaluating the cardiometabolic risks in Taiwanese diabetic outpatients.
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Silveira EA, Barbosa LS, Rodrigues APS, Noll M, De Oliveira C. Body fat percentage assessment by skinfold equation, bioimpedance and densitometry in older adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 78:65. [PMID: 32695338 PMCID: PMC7368772 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-020-00449-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Body fat estimation allows measuring changes over time attributed to interventions and treatments in different settings such as hospitals, clinical practice, nursing homes and research. However, only few studies have compared different body fat estimation methods in older adults with inconsistent results. We estimated body fat percentage (%BF) and the level of agreement among dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance (BIA) and Durnin & Womersley’s skinfold eq. (SF) in older Brazilian adults aged 60 years and older from the Elderly Project Goiânia, Brazil. Methods The analytical sample comprised of 132 participants who had DXA data. The level of agreement for the %BF estimated by BIA, SF and DXA i.e. reference method, was examined using Bland and Altman’s and Lin’s plot. Results Overall, women had higher body mass index and %BF values measured by all three methods used. BIA and SF equation showed strong concordance to estimate body fat percentage in all participants (CCC = 0.857 and 0.861, respectively) and among women (CCC = 0.788 and 0.726, respectively) when compared to DXA. However, both methods underestimated body fat percentage in women and men with high body fat percentage. A strong level of agreement was observed between DXA and the anthropometric equation developed by Durnin & Womersley in men (CCC = 0.846), while BIA had a moderate concordance (CCC = 0.505) in this group. Conclusion The examined methods indicated different body fat estimates. However, the best agreement was observed between DXA and the anthropometric SF equation for men. Future research in older adults should develop new SF equations considering different ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Aparecida Silveira
- Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Post-Graduation Program, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Larissa Silva Barbosa
- Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Post-Graduation Program, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Santos Rodrigues
- Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Post-Graduation Program, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Matias Noll
- Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Post-Graduation Program, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.,Instituto Federal Goiano, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Cesar De Oliveira
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, UK
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21
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Association of anthropometric indicators to evaluate nutritional status and cardiometabolic risk in Mexican teenagers. NUTR HOSP 2020; 36:1049-1054. [PMID: 31475834 DOI: 10.20960/nh.02487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Introduction: anthropometric indicators (AIs) such as waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), waist/hip index (WHpI), waist/height index (WHtI) and body fat percentage (BFP) are useful tools for the diagnosis of nutritional status (NS) in adolescents. Each of these parameters has advantages and disadvantages. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the association of these AIs (WC, BMI, WHpI, WHtI, and BFP) to evaluate nutritional status and estimate the cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in Mexican adolescents. Material and method: in a cross-sectional descriptive study, the NS was analyzed through various AIs and CMR with the WHtI criteria. Nine hundred and seventeen adolescents between 15 and 17 years old participated in the study, of whom 488 (52.9%) were female and 429 (47.1%) male, all students of middle school in Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico. Results and conclusion: women presented a higher prevalence of obesity according to most indicators. The WHtI was the parameter that detected the highest prevalence of obesity (31%), correlating with the BMI and the BFP. Moreover, there was evidence of a significant relation between NS (assessed by all the anthropometric indicators) and CMR. The WHtI could be considered as an adequate tool for the diagnosis of obesity associated with CMR in adolescents.
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22
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Lera L, Angel B, Márquez C, Saguez R, Albala C. Software for the Diagnosis of Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Design and Validation Study. JMIR Med Inform 2020; 8:e13657. [PMID: 32281942 PMCID: PMC7186874 DOI: 10.2196/13657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The usual diagnosis of sarcopenia requires a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) exam, which has low accessibility in primary care for Latin American countries. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to design and validate software for mobile devices (Android, IOS) and computers, based on an adapted version of the diagnostic algorithm of sarcopenia proposed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP). METHODS Follow-up exams were conducted on 430 community-dwelling Chileans 60 years and older (mean 68.2 years, SD 4.9) participating in the IsaMayor and Alexandros cohorts designed to study sarcopenia and disability associated with obesity, respectively. All the participants from the cohorts were randomly selected from the registries of primary health care centers and, for this study, must have a DXA scan at baseline. The software (HTSMayor) was designed according to an adapted version of the algorithm proposed by the EWGSOP and was divided into four phases: longitudinal validation of diagnostic algorithm of sarcopenia, alpha version, beta version, and release version. The software estimates appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) using an anthropometric equation or DXA measurements with Chilean cut-off points. The predictive validation of the algorithm was estimated, comparing functional limitations (at least one activity of daily living, two instrumental activities of daily living, or three mobility limitations), falls, and osteoporosis at follow-ups in patients with and without sarcopenia at baseline, using adjusted logistic models. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 4.8 years (2078.4 person-years), 37 (9.9%) new cases of sarcopenia, out of the 374 patients without sarcopenia at baseline, were identified (incidence density rate=1.78 per 100 person-years). ASM estimated with the anthropometric equation showed both a high sensitivity and specificity as compared with those estimated by DXA measurements, yielding a concordance of 0.96. The diagnostic algorithm of sarcopenia considered in the software with the equation showed both a high sensitivity (82.1%) and specificity (94.9%) when compared with DXA (reference standard). Adults without sarcopenia (at baseline) showed better physical performance (after approximately 5 years) than adults with sarcopenia. Loss of functionality was greater in adults with sarcopenia (OR 5.0, 95% CI 2.2-11.4) than in adults without sarcopenia. In addition, the risks of falls (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1-4.3) and osteoporosis (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.2-6.6) were higher in older persons with sarcopenia than those without sarcopenia. The measurements and results were completed for the beta and release tests with a mean time of 10 minutes and 11 minutes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We developed and validated a software for the diagnosis of sarcopenia in older Chilean adults that can be used on a mobile device or a computer with good sensitivity and specificity, thus allowing for the development of programs for the prevention, delay, or reversal of this disease. To our knowledge, HTSMayor is the first software to diagnose sarcopenia. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/13657.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Lera
- Public Health Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Bárbara Angel
- Public Health Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Carlos Márquez
- Public Health Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Saguez
- Public Health Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Cecilia Albala
- Public Health Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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Martín-Matillas M, Mora-Gonzalez J, Migueles JH, Ubago-Guisado E, Gracia-Marco L, Ortega FB. Validity of Slaughter Equations and Bioelectrical Impedance Against Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in Children. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:803-812. [PMID: 32144886 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to 1) analyze the criterion validity of the Slaughter equations (Slg-Eq) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to estimate body fat percentage (BFP) and fat mass index (FMI) at different degrees of obesity in children compared with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and 2) determine their agreement over time. METHODS Ninety-two children with overweight or obesity (10.0 [SD 1.2] years; 34.8% girls) participated in this 20-week study. Anthropometric, BIA, and DXA measurements were performed. RESULTS Both Slg-Eq and BIA methods underestimated BFP and FMI against DXA, and the bias was markedly larger with BIA (mean absolute percentage error = 11% for Slg-Eq vs. 18%-21% for BIA); a larger underestimation was observed in girls compared with boys for Slg-Eq (P ≤ 0.001), and the observed underestimation in adiposity was reduced as weight status increased. Systematic errors were kept constant over time, so no large differences between methods were observed in the change in adiposity. CONCLUSIONS At the group level, Slg-Eq provides a more valid estimation of BFP and FMI than BIA. At the individual level, Slg-Eq shows larger estimation errors. The validity of these methods might differ in sex and weight status. Nevertheless, both methods seem to be valid for monitoring changes in adiposity.
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Grants
- ID 100010434 La Caixa Foundation
- FPU14/06837 Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport
- FPU15/02645 Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport
- SOMM17/6107/UGR University of Granada, UGR Research and Knowledge Transfer Fund (PPIT) 2016, Excellence Actions Programme: Units of Scientific Excellence; Scientific Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES), and by the Regional Government of Andalusia, Regional Ministry of Economy, Knowledge, Entreprises and University and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)
- DEP2013-47540 Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness
- DEP2016-79512-R Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness
- DEP2017-91544-EXP Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness
- SOMM17/6107/UGR University of Granada, UGR Research and Knowledge Transfer Fund (PPIT) 2016, Excellence Actions Programme: Units of Scientific Excellence; Scientific Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES), and by the Regional Government of Andalusia, the Regional Ministry of Economy, Knowledge, Enterprises and University, and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Martín-Matillas
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Mora-Gonzalez
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jairo H Migueles
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Esther Ubago-Guisado
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Health and Social Research Center, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Luis Gracia-Marco
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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García‐Hermoso A, Hormazábal‐Aguayo I, Fernández‐Vergara O, Izquierdo M, Alonso‐Martínez A, Bonilla‐Vargas KJ, González‐Ruíz K, Ramírez‐Vélez R. Physical fitness components in relation to attention capacity in Latin American youth with overweight and obesity. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:1188-1193. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio García‐Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN) Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA) IdiSNA Pamplona Spain
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH Santiago Chile
| | - Ignacio Hormazábal‐Aguayo
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH Santiago Chile
| | - Omar Fernández‐Vergara
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH Santiago Chile
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN) Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA) IdiSNA Pamplona Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Pamplona Spain
| | - Alicia Alonso‐Martínez
- Navarrabiomed Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN) Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA) IdiSNA Pamplona Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Pamplona Spain
| | | | - Katherine González‐Ruíz
- Grupo de Ejercicio Físico y Deportes Facultad de Salud Programa de Fisioterapia Universidad Manuela Beltrán Bogotá Colombia
| | - Robinson Ramírez‐Vélez
- Navarrabiomed Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN) Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA) IdiSNA Pamplona Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Pamplona Spain
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Ceccarelli G, Bellato M, Zago M, Cusella G, Sforza C, Lovecchio N. BMI and inverted BMI as predictors of fat mass in young people: a comparison across the ages. Ann Hum Biol 2020; 47:237-243. [PMID: 32183542 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2020.1738551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background: The use of body mass index (BMI) could lead to over/under estimation of fat mass percentage (FM%). An alternative index (inverted BMI, iBMI) has been proposed as a better estimator of FM% in adults, while its practical feasibility in children and adolescents has not been fully investigated.Aim: To examine if iBMI can better estimate FM% than BMI in children/adolescents.Subjects and methods: Height, weight, and triceps and subscapularis skinfolds were measured in 6686 schoolchildren aged 11-14-years-old. BMI and iBMI (squared height/weight) were calculated; FM% was estimated by skinfold thicknesses. The Pearson correlation coefficient and the coefficient of determination were obtained to test the best regression model between the indexes and FM%.Results: FM% was linearly related to both indexes with R2 values that were overall > 0.7. No significant differences among the R2 values were found (p value = .2, ANOVA).Conclusion: BMI persists as a robust index for health surveillance screening in children/adolescents, being very intuitive and ready-to-use. Inverted BMI may be more accurate within a cohort of adults who experience only ponderal modifications, directly implicated in the variation of FM. In conclusion, the BMI remains a quick, handy and intuitive predictor of FM%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic, Center for Health Technologies (C.H.T.)-Human Anatomy Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Massimo Bellato
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Mathematical Modelling and Synthetic Biology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Zago
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Cusella
- Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic, Center for Health Technologies (C.H.T.)-Human Anatomy Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiarella Sforza
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Lovecchio
- Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic, Sport Sciences Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Letter to the Editor: Comment on 'Diet quality index as a predictor of treatment efficacy in overweight and obese adolescents: The EVASYON study'. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:1303. [PMID: 32098691 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Anthropometric Parameters in Celiac Disease: A Review on the Different Evaluation Methods and Disease Effects. J Nutr Metab 2019; 2019:4586963. [PMID: 31583132 PMCID: PMC6754920 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4586963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This review compiled anthropometric data from 29 original articles, published between 1995 and 2015, corresponding to a total sample of 6368 celiac disease subjects. Body mass index was the main parameter for measuring anthropometry (82.1%), followed by body mass (78.6%), body fat (51.7%), bone mineral density and bone mineral content (46.4%), and fat-free mass (44.8%). The main evaluation method was dual x-ray absorptiometry (83.3%), followed by bioimpedance (16.6%), skinfold thickness (16.6%), and isotope dilution (5.5%). This compilation suggests that celiac disease patients without a gluten-free diet (WGFD) and celiac disease patients with a gluten-free diet (GFD) show a lower body mass than the control group, with inconclusive data about WGFD versus GFD. Body mass index is lower in WGFD and GFD compared to control group, and is lower in WGFD compared to GFD. We observed lower values of FM and FFM in WGFD and GFD versus the control group. No difference was found between WGFD versus GFD. BMD and BMC are lower in WGFD versus GFD and GFD versus the control group, with inconclusive data about WGFD versus GFD. The findings of this review suggest that celiac disease patients must be periodically evaluated through anthropometric parameters, since the pathology has the potential to modulate such values even in a gluten-free diet, with these variables reflecting their healthy status. In parallel, the screening of different anthropometric assessment methodologies can provide support for more accurate evaluations by scientists and clinical professionals who work with celiac disease patients.
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van Zyl A, White Z, Ferreira J, Wenhold FAM. Developing an Impedance Based Equation for Fat-Free Mass of Black Preadolescent South African Children. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092021. [PMID: 31466343 PMCID: PMC6769520 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a practical alternative to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for determining body composition in children. Currently, there are no population specific equations available for predicting fat-free mass (FFM) in South African populations. We determined agreement between fat-free mass measured by DXA (FFMDXA) and FFM calculated from published multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance prediction equations (FFMBIA); and developed a new equation for predicting FFM for preadolescent black South African children. Cross-sectional data on a convenience sample of 84 children (mean age 8.5 ± 1.4 years; 44 {52%} girls) included body composition assessed using Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (FFMDXA) and impedance values obtained from the Seca mBCA 514 Medical Body Composition analyzer used to calculate FFM using 17 published prediction equations (FFMBIA). Only two equations yielded FFM estimates that were similar to the DXA readings (p > 0.05). According to the Bland–Altman analysis, the mean differences in FFM (kg) were 0.15 (LOA: −2.68; 2.37) and 0.01 (LOA: −2.68; 2.66). Our new prediction equation, FFM=105.20+0.807×Sex+0.174×Weight+0.01×Reactance+15.71×log(RI), yielded an adjusted R2 = 0.9544. No statistical shrinkage was observed during cross-validation. A new equation enables the BIA-based prediction of FFM in the assessment of preadolescent black South African children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda van Zyl
- Department Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa
| | - Zelda White
- Department Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa.
| | - Johan Ferreira
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Friedeburg A M Wenhold
- Department Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa
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Relationship between DXA measured metrics of adiposity and glucose homeostasis; An analysis of the NHANES data. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216900. [PMID: 31116758 PMCID: PMC6530894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a means of determining body composition and body fat distribution at different sites including whole body and trunk–locations where there tends to be high correlation at an individual level. Methods We performed an analysis of DXA-derived metrics of adiposity (truncal fat %,subtotal fat % and total fat %) from the NHANES database and then correlated the findings with markers of insulin resistance. We analyzed the data from DXA scans in NHANES 1999–2004. Homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance and HOMA-β (beta-cell function) were estimated. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated (ρ) between HOMA-IR,HOMA-β and different measures of obesity (Waist circumference(in cm), Body Mass Index (kg/m2), truncal fat %, subtotal fat % as well as total fat %) to gauge the relationship between markers of glucose homeostasis and DXA derived metrics of obesity. We also performed logarithmic transformation of HOMA-IR as well as HOMA-β to ensure normality of distribution and to meet the criteria for regression analysis. A forward selection model (by outcome and gender) was performed to predict log transformed insulin resistance (log HOMA-IR) as well as log transformed HOMA-β (log HOMA-β,measure of beta cell function) from age, serum triglycerides, HDL, trunk fat % and the SBP (in both males and females separately), after reviewing the spearman correlation coefficients. Results There were a total of 6147 men and 6369 women who were part of the study cohort. There was a positive correlation between markers of adiposity and log HOMA-IR and log HOMA-β in both males and females.Truncal fat % had the highest nonparametric correlation coefficent with log HOMA-IR among the DXA derived fat% (0.54 in males and 048 in females). In the multivariate analysis, truncal fat % was an independent predictor of logHOMA-IR as well as logHOMA-β. In males, the significant predictors of log HOMA-IR were; age, truncal fat % and HDL cholesterol (Adjusted R square of 0.325 (±0.66), F(3,207) = 34.63, p < .01). In females, the significant predictors of log HOMA-IR were; age, truncal fat %, SBP, Serum triglyceride and HDL cholesterol (Adjusted R square of 0.307 (±0.65),F(5,198) = 18.9, p < .01). In both males and females, the significant predictors of log HOMA-β were; age, and truncal fat % (Males; adjusted R square of 0.25 (±0.63), F (2,208) = 36.4, p < .01, Females; adjusted R square of 0.27 (±0.62), F (2,201) = 38.4, p < .01). Conclusions Body fat % on DXA is an imaging biomarker for insulin resistance. Incorporating this important information into DXA acquisitions and reporting frameworks may allow for this information to be available to providers who refer patients for these imaging studies.
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Burns RD, Fu Y, Constantino N. Measurement agreement in percent body fat estimates among laboratory and field assessments in college students: Use of equivalence testing. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214029. [PMID: 30893355 PMCID: PMC6426203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the agreement in percent body fat estimates among 7 laboratory and field assessments against dual-emission x-ray absorptiometry using equivalence testing. Participants were 437 college students (mean age = 19.2±0.6 years). Dual-emission x-ray absorptiometry was used as the criterion with hydrostatic weighing, skinfold thickness, air displacement plethysmography, near infrared reactance, and three methods of bioelectrical impedance analysis examined as surrogate assessments. Relative agreement was examined using intraclass correlation coefficients. Group level agreement was examined using equivalence testing. Individual-level agreement was assessed using Mean Absolute Percent Error and Bland-Altman Plots. Single measure intraclass correlation coefficient scores ranged from 0.71-0.80. Hydrostatic weighing, skinfold thickness, air displacement plethysmography, and 4-electrode bioelectrical impedance analysis showed statistical equivalence with the criterion using a 10% Equivalence Interval with absolute mean differences ranging from 1.0%-4.9% body fat. Mean Absolute Percent Error ranged from 11.7% using skinfold thickness to 21.9% using Omron (hand-held) bioelectrical impedance analysis. Limits of Agreement were heteroscedastic across the range of mean scores compared to dual-emission x-ray absorptiometry, with greater mean differences observed at higher levels of percent body fat. Hydrostatic weighing, skinfold thickness, air displacement plethysmography, and 4-electrode bioelectrical impedance analysis showed strong evidence for statistical equivalence with dual-emission x-ray absorptiometry in a sample of college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Burns
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Recreation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - You Fu
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Nora Constantino
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
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