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Stevanović J, Glavinić U, Ristanić M, Erjavec V, Denk B, Dolašević S, Stanimirović Z. Bee-Inspired Healing: Apitherapy in Veterinary Medicine for Maintenance and Improvement Animal Health and Well-Being. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1050. [PMID: 39204155 PMCID: PMC11357515 DOI: 10.3390/ph17081050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This review aims to present current knowledge on the effects of honey bee products on animals based on in vivo studies, focusing on their application in clinical veterinary practice. Honey's best-proven effectiveness is in treating wounds, including those infected with antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, as evidenced in horses, cats, dogs, mice, and rats. Propolis manifested a healing effect in numerous inflammatory and painful conditions in mice, rats, dogs, and pigs and also helped in oncological cases in mice and rats. Bee venom is best known for its effectiveness in treating neuropathy and arthritis, as shown in dogs, mice, and rats. Besides, bee venom improved reproductive performance, immune response, and general health in rabbits, chickens, and pigs. Pollen was effective in stimulating growth and improving intestinal microflora in chickens. Royal jelly might be used in the management of animal reproduction due to its efficiency in improving fertility, as shown in rats, rabbits, and mice. Drone larvae are primarily valued for their androgenic effects and stimulation of reproductive function, as evidenced in sheep, chickens, pigs, and rats. Further research is warranted to determine the dose and method of application of honey bee products in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jevrosima Stevanović
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.S.); (U.G.); (Z.S.)
| | - Uroš Glavinić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.S.); (U.G.); (Z.S.)
| | - Marko Ristanić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.S.); (U.G.); (Z.S.)
| | - Vladimira Erjavec
- Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Barış Denk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar 03204, Turkey;
| | | | - Zoran Stanimirović
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.S.); (U.G.); (Z.S.)
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Ito T, Rojasawasthien T, Takeuchi SY, Okamoto H, Okumura N, Shirakawa T, Matsubara T, Kawamoto T, Kokabu S. Royal Jelly Enhances the Ability of Myoblast C2C12 Cells to Differentiate into Multilineage Cells. Molecules 2024; 29:1449. [PMID: 38611729 PMCID: PMC11013243 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Royal jelly (RJ) is recognized as beneficial to mammalian health. Multilineage differentiation potential is an important property of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). C2C12 cells have an innate ability to differentiate into myogenic cells. Like MSCs, C2C12 cells can also differentiate into osteoblast- and adipocyte-lineage cells. We recently reported that RJ enhances the myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells. However, the effect of RJ on osteoblast or adipocyte differentiation is still unknown. Here in this study, we have examined the effect of RJ on the osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation of C2C12 cells. Protease-treated RJ was used to reduce the adverse effects caused by RJ supplementation. To induce osteoblast or adipocyte differentiation, cells were treated with bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist, respectively. RNA-seq was used to analyze the effect of RJ on gene expression. We found that RJ stimulates osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation. RJ regulated 279 genes. RJ treatment upregulated glutathione-related genes. Glutathione, the most abundant antioxidative factor in cells, has been shown to promote osteoblast differentiation in MSC and MSC-like cells. Therefore, RJ may promote osteogenesis, at least in part, through the antioxidant effects of glutathione. RJ enhances the differentiation ability of C2C12 cells into multiple lineages, including myoblasts, osteoblasts, and adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Ito
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (T.I.); (T.R.); (S.Y.T.); (T.M.)
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (T.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Thira Rojasawasthien
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (T.I.); (T.R.); (S.Y.T.); (T.M.)
| | - Sachiko Yamashita Takeuchi
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (T.I.); (T.R.); (S.Y.T.); (T.M.)
| | - Hideto Okamoto
- Institute for Bee Products and Health Science, Yamada Bee Company, Inc., Okayama 708-0393, Japan; (H.O.); (N.O.)
| | - Nobuaki Okumura
- Institute for Bee Products and Health Science, Yamada Bee Company, Inc., Okayama 708-0393, Japan; (H.O.); (N.O.)
| | - Tomohiko Shirakawa
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (T.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Takuma Matsubara
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (T.I.); (T.R.); (S.Y.T.); (T.M.)
| | - Tatsuo Kawamoto
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (T.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Shoichiro Kokabu
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (T.I.); (T.R.); (S.Y.T.); (T.M.)
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Royal Jelly Increases Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Peripheral Blood: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Trial in Healthy Subjects. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:7665515. [PMID: 36686976 PMCID: PMC9859695 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7665515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Royal jelly (RJ), produced by honeybees, influences stem cell functions, such as pluripotency maintenance of mouse embryonic stem cells and prevention of aging-related muscle stem cell functional deterioration. Thus, we hypothesized that RJ administration has various health-promoting effects based on stem cells. However, its effects are unknown in humans. In this study, we have attempted for the first time to clarify whether the administration of RJ in humans affects stem cells. Materials and Methods This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed on healthy subjects (n = 90) who received protease-treated RJ at a dose of 1200 mg/day or placebo daily for four weeks. Also, the participants with a low number of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in peripheral blood were preferentially selected. HSC counts, endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) counts, blood cell counts in peripheral blood, cytokines in serum, and physical conditions were evaluated. Results and Conclusion. Eligible data from 86 subjects (placebo: 42, RJ: 44) who completed the study were analyzed. There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding the changes in peripheral HSC count (p=0.103), while diastolic blood pressure showed a significant improvement in the RJ group compared to that in the placebo group (p=0.032). The subgroup analysis excluded 14 subjects who complained of cold symptoms at baseline or within five days of the four-week study. The changes in the HSC populations were significantly higher in the RJ group than those in the placebo group (p=0.042). No adverse effects were observed in any of the groups. These results suggest that RJ administration affected the peripheral HSC count and may influence stem cell functions. Further research is needed to reveal the various health-promoting benefits of RJ based on stem cells.
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Shirai T, Uemichi K, Kubota K, Yamauchi Y, Takemasa T. Maslinic Acid Promotes Hypertrophy Induced by Functional Overload in Mouse Skeletal Muscle. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2021; 67:317-322. [PMID: 34719617 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.67.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional supplements are sometimes important for athletes to improve their sports performance and maintain their condition. Maslinic acid (MA) is a type of compound with a pentacyclic triterpene structure extracted from olives, and has a strong anti-inflammatory effect and improves metabolic function. This study aimed to investigate the effects of MA on muscle hypertrophy by functional overload using an animal model. Mice plantaris muscles were overloaded by synergist ablation surgery with/without MA and they were sampled at 4, 7, and 14 d after the operation. We demonstrated that MA significantly increased plantaris' cross-sectional area and activated the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling compared with the non-supplemented group (main effect of MA, p<0.05). In addition, MA also significantly reduced catabolic proteins compared with the non-supplemented group. MA supplementation increased muscle fiber size and promoted muscle hypertrophy via mTOR signaling. Our results indicate that MA supplementation may be useful for promoting hypertrophy of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanaga Shirai
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba.,Reserch Fellow in Japan Society for Promotion Science
| | - Kazuki Uemichi
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Kakeru Kubota
- School of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Yuki Yamauchi
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba
| | - Tohru Takemasa
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba
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Natural Compounds Attenuate Denervation-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158310. [PMID: 34361076 PMCID: PMC8348757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The weight of skeletal muscle accounts for approximately 40% of the whole weight in a healthy individual, and the normal metabolism and motor function of the muscle are indispensable for healthy life. In addition, the skeletal muscle of the maxillofacial region plays an important role not only in eating and swallowing, but also in communication, such as facial expressions and conversations. In recent years, skeletal muscle atrophy has received worldwide attention as a serious health problem. However, the mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy that has been clarified at present is insufficient, and a therapeutic method against skeletal muscle atrophy has not been established. This review provides views on the importance of skeletal muscle in the maxillofacial region and explains the differences between skeletal muscles in the maxillofacial region and other regions. We summarize the findings to change in gene expression in muscle remodeling and emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of denervation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy model. Finally, we discuss the newly discovered beneficial effects of natural compounds on skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Takeshita H, Yamamoto K, Mogi M, Wang Y, Nozato Y, Fujimoto T, Yokoyama S, Hongyo K, Nakagami F, Akasaka H, Takami Y, Takeya Y, Sugimoto K, Horiuchi M, Rakugi H. Double Deletion of Angiotensin II Type 2 and Mas Receptors Accelerates Aging-Related Muscle Weakness in Male Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e021030. [PMID: 34212761 PMCID: PMC8403326 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.021030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background The activation of AT2 (angiotensin II type 2 receptor ) and Mas receptor by angiotensin II and angiotensin-(1-7), respectively, is the primary process that counteracts activation of the canonical renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Although inhibition of canonical RAS could delay the progression of physiological aging, we recently reported that deletion of Mas had no impact on the aging process in mice. Here, we used male mice with a deletion of only AT2 or a double deletion of AT2 and Mas to clarify whether these receptors contribute to the aging process in a complementary manner, primarily by focusing on aging-related muscle weakness. Methods and Results Serial changes in grip strength of these mice up to 24 months of age showed that AT2/Mas knockout mice, but not AT2 knockout mice, had significantly weaker grip strength than wild-type mice from the age of 18 months. AT2/Mas knockout mice exhibited larger sizes, but smaller numbers and increased frequency of central nucleation (a marker of aged muscle) of single skeletal muscle fibers than AT2 knockout mice. Canonical RAS-associated genes, inflammation-associated genes, and senescence-associated genes were highly expressed in skeletal muscles of AT2/Mas knockout mice. Muscle angiotensin II content increased in AT2/Mas knockout mice. Conclusions Double deletion of AT2 and Mas in mice exaggerated aging-associated muscle weakness, accompanied by signatures of activated RAS, inflammation, and aging in skeletal muscles. Because aging-associated phenotypes were absent in single deletions of the receptors, AT2 and Mas could complement each other in preventing local activation of RAS during aging.
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MESH Headings
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Fibrosis
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Hand Strength
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle Strength/genetics
- Muscle Weakness/genetics
- Muscle Weakness/metabolism
- Muscle Weakness/pathology
- Muscle Weakness/physiopathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology
- Phenotype
- Proto-Oncogene Mas
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/deficiency
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/deficiency
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/deficiency
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Renin-Angiotensin System/genetics
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Takeshita
- Department of Geriatric and General MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Koichi Yamamoto
- Department of Geriatric and General MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Masaki Mogi
- Department of PharmacologyEhime University Graduate School of MedicineEhimeJapan
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Geriatric and General MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Yoichi Nozato
- Department of Geriatric and General MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Taku Fujimoto
- Department of Geriatric and General MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Serina Yokoyama
- Department of Geriatric and General MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Kazuhiro Hongyo
- Department of Geriatric and General MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Futoshi Nakagami
- Department of Geriatric and General MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Akasaka
- Department of Geriatric and General MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Yoichi Takami
- Department of Geriatric and General MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Yasushi Takeya
- Department of Geriatric and General MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Ken Sugimoto
- Department of Geriatric and General MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Masatsugu Horiuchi
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and PharmacologyEhime University Graduate School of MedicineEhimeJapan
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric and General MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
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Guo J, Wang Z, Chen Y, Cao J, Tian W, Ma B, Dong Y. Active components and biological functions of royal jelly. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Collazo N, Carpena M, Nuñez-Estevez B, Otero P, Simal-Gandara J, Prieto MA. Health Promoting Properties of Bee Royal Jelly: Food of the Queens. Nutrients 2021; 13:543. [PMID: 33562330 PMCID: PMC7915653 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Royal jelly (RJ) demand is growing every year and so is the market for functional foods in general. RJ is formed by different substances, mainly carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, but also vitamins, minerals, and phenolic or volatile compounds in lower proportion. Major royal jelly proteins (MRJP) are, together with 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA), key substances of RJ due to their different biological properties. In particular, 10-HDA is a unique substance in this product. RJ has been historically employed as health enhancer and is still very relevant in China due to the traditional medicine and the apitherapy. Nowadays, it is mainly consumed as a functional food or is found in supplements and other formulations for its health-beneficial properties. Within these properites, anti-lipidemic, antioxidant, antiproliferative, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiaging, and estrogenic activities have been reported for RJ or its specific components. This manuscript is aimed at reviewing the current knowledge on RJ components, their assessment in terms of authenticity, their biological activities, and related health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Collazo
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (N.C.); (M.C.); (B.N.-E.); (P.O.)
| | - Maria Carpena
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (N.C.); (M.C.); (B.N.-E.); (P.O.)
| | - Bernabe Nuñez-Estevez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (N.C.); (M.C.); (B.N.-E.); (P.O.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Paz Otero
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (N.C.); (M.C.); (B.N.-E.); (P.O.)
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (N.C.); (M.C.); (B.N.-E.); (P.O.)
| | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (N.C.); (M.C.); (B.N.-E.); (P.O.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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Curuțiu C, Dițu LM, Grumezescu AM, Holban AM. Polyphenols of Honeybee Origin with Applications in Dental Medicine. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E856. [PMID: 33266173 PMCID: PMC7761219 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9120856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Honeybee products are a great source of polyphenols with recognized applications in dental medicine. Although their biological mechanisms in oral diseases are not fully understood, numerous in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies have reported promising results in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases. Bioactivities, such as antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasite, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties, recommend their future study in order to develop efficient alternatives in the management of widespread oral conditions, such as dental caries and periodontitis. The most investigated mechanisms of polyphenols in oral health rely on their ability to strengthen the dental enamel, decrease the development of dental plaque formation, inhibit the progression of dental caries and development of dental pathogens and show anti-inflammatory properties. These features recommend them as useful honeybee candidates in the management of emerging oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Curuțiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (L.M.D.); (A.M.H.)
| | - Lia Mara Dițu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (L.M.D.); (A.M.H.)
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 90-92 Panduri Road, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Maria Holban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (L.M.D.); (A.M.H.)
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Shirakawa T, Miyawaki A, Matsubara T, Okumura N, Okamoto H, Nakai N, Rojasawasthien T, Morikawa K, Inoue A, Goto A, Washio A, Tsujisawa T, Kawamoto T, Kokabu S. Daily Oral Administration of Protease-Treated Royal Jelly Protects Against Denervation-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3089. [PMID: 33050588 PMCID: PMC7600733 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Honeybees produce royal jelly (RJ) from their cephalic glands. Royal jelly is a source of nutrition for the queen honey bee throughout its lifespan and is also involved in fertility and longevity. Royal jelly has long been considered beneficial to human health. We recently observed that RJ delayed impairment of motor function during aging, affecting muscle fiber size. However, how RJ affects skeletal muscle metabolism and the functional component of RJ is as of yet unidentified. We demonstrate that feeding mice with RJ daily prevents a decrease in myofiber size following denervation without affecting total muscle weight. RJ did not affect atrophy-related genes but stimulated the expression of myogenesis-related genes, including IGF-1 and IGF receptor. Trans-10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10H2DA) and 10-hydroxydecanoic acid (10HDAA), two major fatty acids contained in RJ. After ingestion, 10H2DA and 10HDAA are metabolized into 2-decenedioic acid (2DA) and sebacic acid (SA) respectively. We found that 10H2DA, 10HDAA, 2DA, and SA all regulated myogenesis of C2C12 cells, murine myoblast cells. These novel findings may be useful for potential preventative and therapeutic applications for muscle atrophy disease included in Sarcopenia, an age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Shirakawa
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (T.S.); (A.M.); (T.M.); (N.N.); (T.R.); (A.I.); (A.G.)
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan;
| | - Aki Miyawaki
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (T.S.); (A.M.); (T.M.); (N.N.); (T.R.); (A.I.); (A.G.)
| | - Takuma Matsubara
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (T.S.); (A.M.); (T.M.); (N.N.); (T.R.); (A.I.); (A.G.)
| | - Nobuaki Okumura
- Institute for Bee Products and Health Science, Yamada Bee Company, Inc., Tomata, Okayama 708-0393, Japan; (N.O.); (H.O.)
| | - Hideto Okamoto
- Institute for Bee Products and Health Science, Yamada Bee Company, Inc., Tomata, Okayama 708-0393, Japan; (N.O.); (H.O.)
| | - Naoya Nakai
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (T.S.); (A.M.); (T.M.); (N.N.); (T.R.); (A.I.); (A.G.)
| | - Thira Rojasawasthien
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (T.S.); (A.M.); (T.M.); (N.N.); (T.R.); (A.I.); (A.G.)
| | - Kazumasa Morikawa
- Division of Pediatric and Special Care Dentistry, Department of Developmental Oral Health Science, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa, Iwate 028-3694, Japan;
| | - Asako Inoue
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (T.S.); (A.M.); (T.M.); (N.N.); (T.R.); (A.I.); (A.G.)
| | - Akino Goto
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (T.S.); (A.M.); (T.M.); (N.N.); (T.R.); (A.I.); (A.G.)
| | - Ayako Washio
- Division of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan;
| | - Toshiyuki Tsujisawa
- School of Oral Health Sciences, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan;
| | - Tatsuo Kawamoto
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan;
| | - Shoichiro Kokabu
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (T.S.); (A.M.); (T.M.); (N.N.); (T.R.); (A.I.); (A.G.)
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Apitherapy for Age-Related Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction (Sarcopenia): A Review on the Effects of Royal Jelly, Propolis, and Bee Pollen. Foods 2020; 9:foods9101362. [PMID: 32992744 PMCID: PMC7601109 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The global pandemic of sarcopenia, skeletal muscle loss and weakness, which prevails in up to 50% of older adults is increasing worldwide due to the expansion of aging populations. It is now striking young and midlife adults as well because of sedentary lifestyle and increased intake of unhealthy food (e.g., western diet). The lockdown measures and economic turndown associated with the current outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are likely to increase the prevalence of sarcopenia by promoting sedentarism and unhealthy patterns of eating. Sarcopenia has multiple detrimental effects including falls, hospitalization, disability, and institutionalization. Although a few pharmacological agents (e.g., bimagrumab, sarconeos, and exercise mimetics) are being explored in different stages of trials, not a single drug has been approved for sarcopenia treatment. Hence, research has focused on testing the effect of nutraceuticals, such as bee products, as safe treatments to prevent and/or treat sarcopenia. Royal jelly, propolis, and bee pollen are common bee products that are rich in highly potent antioxidants such as flavonoids, phenols, and amino acids. These products, in order, stimulate larval development into queen bees, promote defenses of the bee hive against microbial and environmental threats, and increase royal jelly production by nurse bees. Thanks to their versatile pharmacological activities (e.g., anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, etc.), these products have been used to treat multiple chronic conditions that predispose to muscle wasting such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disorder, and cancer, to name a few. They were also used in some evolving studies to treat sarcopenia in laboratory animals and, to a limited degree, in humans. However, a collective understanding of the effect and mechanism of action of these products in skeletal muscle is not well-developed. Therefore, this review examines the literature for possible effects of royal jelly, bee pollen, and propolis on skeletal muscle in aged experimental models, muscle cell cultures, and humans. Collectively, data from reviewed studies denote varying levels of positive effects of bee products on muscle mass, strength, and function. The likely underlying mechanisms include amelioration of inflammation and oxidative damages, promotion of metabolic regulation, enhancement of satellite stem cell responsiveness, improvement of muscular blood supply, inhibition of catabolic genes, and promotion of peripheral neuronal regeneration. This review offers suggestions for other mechanisms to be explored and provides guidance for future trials investigating the effects of bee products among people with sarcopenia.
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Bălan A, Moga MA, Dima L, Toma S, Elena Neculau A, Anastasiu CV. Royal Jelly-A Traditional and Natural Remedy for Postmenopausal Symptoms and Aging-Related Pathologies. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143291. [PMID: 32698461 PMCID: PMC7397171 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Women's life stages are based on their reproductive cycle. This cycle begins with menstruation and ends with menopause. Aging is a natural phenomenon that affects all humans, and it is associated with a decrease in the overall function of the organism. In women, aging is related with and starts with menopause. Also, during menopause and postmenopausal period, the risk of various age-related diseases and complaints is higher. For this reason, researchers were pushed to find effective remedies that could promote healthy aging and extended lifespan. Apitherapy is a type of alternative medicine that uses natural products from honeybees, such as honey, propolis, royal jelly, etc. Royal jelly is a natural yellowish-white substance, secreted by both hypopharyngeal and mandibular glands of nurse bees, usually used to feed the queen bees and young worker larvae. Over the centuries, this natural product was considered a gold mine for traditional and natural medicine, due to its miraculous effects. Royal jelly has been used for a long time in commercial medical products. It has been demonstrated to possess a wide range of functional properties, such as: antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, vasodilatative, hypotensive, anticancer, estrogen-like, antihypercholesterolemic, and antioxidant activities. This product is usually used to supplement various diseases such as cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, sexual dysfunctions, diabetes or cancer. The main objective of this study is to highlight the effectiveness of royal jelly supplementation in relieving menopause symptoms and aging-related diseases. We also aimed to review the most recent research advances regarding the composition of royal jelly for a better understanding of the effects on human health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Bălan
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania; (A.B.); (M.A.M.); (C.V.A.)
| | - Marius Alexandru Moga
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania; (A.B.); (M.A.M.); (C.V.A.)
| | - Lorena Dima
- Department of Fundamental, Prophylactic and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania;
| | - Sebastian Toma
- Department of Fundamental, Prophylactic and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania;
- Correspondence: (S.T.); (A.E.N.); Tel.: +40-0268-412-185 (S.T. & A.E.N.)
| | - Andrea Elena Neculau
- Department of Fundamental, Prophylactic and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania;
- Correspondence: (S.T.); (A.E.N.); Tel.: +40-0268-412-185 (S.T. & A.E.N.)
| | - Costin Vlad Anastasiu
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania; (A.B.); (M.A.M.); (C.V.A.)
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Interactive Effects of Endurance Training and Royal Jelly Consumption on Motor Balance and Pain Threshold in Animal Model of the Alzheimer Disease. ARCHIVES OF NEUROSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/ans.91857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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14
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New Insights into the Biological and Pharmaceutical Properties of Royal Jelly. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020382. [PMID: 31936187 PMCID: PMC7014095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Royal jelly (RJ) is a yellowish-white and acidic secretion of hypopharyngeal and mandibular glands of nurse bees used to feed young worker larvae during the first three days and the entire life of queen bees. RJ is one of the most appreciated and valued natural product which has been mainly used in traditional medicines, health foods, and cosmetics for a long time in different parts of the world. It is also the most studied bee product, aimed at unravelling its bioactivities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-aging, immunomodulatory, and general tonic action against laboratory animals, microbial organisms, farm animals, and clinical trials. It is commonly used to supplement various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, and Alzheimer's disease. Here, we highlight the recent research advances on the main bioactive compounds of RJ, such as proteins, peptides, fatty acids, and phenolics, for a comprehensive understanding of the biochemistry, biological, and pharmaceutical responses to human health promotion and life benefits. This is potentially important to gain novel insight into the biological and pharmaceutical properties of RJ.
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Kawano Y, Makino K, Jinnin M, Sawamura S, Shimada S, Fukushima S, Ihn H. Royal jelly regulates the proliferation of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells through the down-regulation of a photoaging-related microRNA. Drug Discov Ther 2019; 13:268-273. [PMID: 31723098 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2019.01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Although royal jelly is believed to prevent skin aging, the underlying mechanism is not known in detail. In the present study, we investigated the plausibility of the involvement of microRNAs in the manifestation of this effect of royal jelly. The expression of microRNAs was determined by PCR array analysis and real-time PCR and the number of cells was counted with a cell counter. Using PCR array, we identified four microRNAs that were downregulated by royal jelly in cultured human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC). Upon comparison of the expression of the four microRNAs between young and senescent facial skin, miR-129-5p was found to be significantly upregulated in senescent skin. Consistently, the expression of miR-129-5p in HDMEC was significantly increased by UVB radiation, suggesting that this microRNA is related to photoaging. The royal jelly treatment increased the number of HDMEC. Furthermore, forced overexpression of miR-129-5p resulted in significant decrease in the number of HDMEC, and its forced downregulation increased the number of cells. The number and density of vessels is reported to be decreased in aged skin. Our results indicate that miR-129-5p is induced in damaged endothelial cells upon exposure to UV radiation, which decreases the cell number. Furthermore, administration of royal jelly downregulated the expression of miR-129-5p in endothelial cells, and might prevent skin aging by maintaining the number of cells. The present study elucidates the mechanism of vessel aging caused by UV exposure and the anti-aging effects of royal jelly through the involvement of microRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Kawano
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Katsunari Makino
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Jinnin
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Soichiro Sawamura
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shuichi Shimada
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukushima
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hironobu Ihn
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Kunugi H, Mohammed Ali A. Royal Jelly and Its Components Promote Healthy Aging and Longevity: From Animal Models to Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194662. [PMID: 31547049 PMCID: PMC6802361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a natural phenomenon that occurs in all living organisms. In humans, aging is associated with lowered overall functioning and increased mortality out of the risk for various age-related diseases. Hence, researchers are pushed to find effective natural interventions that can promote healthy aging and extend lifespan. Royal jelly (RJ) is a natural product that is fed to bee queens throughout their entire life. Thanks to RJ, bee queens enjoy an excellent reproductive function and lengthened lifespan compared with bee workers, despite the fact that they have the same genome. This review aimed to investigate the effect of RJ and/or its components on lifespan/healthspan in various species by evaluating the most relevant studies. Moreover, we briefly discussed the positive effects of RJ on health maintenance and age-related disorders in humans. Whenever possible, we explored the metabolic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms through which RJ can modulate age-related mechanisms to extend lifespan. RJ and its ingredients—proteins and their derivatives e.g., royalactin; lipids e.g., 10-hydroxydecenoic acid; and vitamins e.g., pantothenic acid—improved healthspan and extended lifespan in worker honeybees Apis mellifera, Drosophila Melanogaster flies, Gryllus bimaculatus crickets, silkworms, Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes, and mice. The longevity effect was attained via various mechanisms: downregulation of insulin-like growth factors and targeting of rapamycin, upregulation of the epidermal growth factor signaling, dietary restriction, and enhancement of antioxidative capacity. RJ and its protein and lipid ingredients have the potential to extend lifespan in various creatures and prevent senescence of human tissues in cell cultures. These findings pave the way to inventing specific RJ anti-aging drugs. However, much work is needed to understand the effect of RJ interactions with microbiome, diet, activity level, gender, and other genetic variation factors that affect healthspan and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan.
| | - Amira Mohammed Ali
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan.
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21527, Egypt.
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Ozawa Y, Watanabe K, Toda T, Shibuya S, Okumura N, Okamoto N, Sato Y, Kawashima I, Kawamura K, Shimizu T. Heterosis extends the reproductive ability in aged female mice†. Biol Reprod 2019; 100:1082-1089. [PMID: 30561512 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterosis is the beneficial effect of genetical heterogeneity in animals and plants. Although heterosis induces changes in the cells and individual abilities, few reports have described the effect of heterosis on the female reproductive ability during aging. In this study, we investigated the reproductive capability of genetically heterogeneous (HET) mice established by the four-way crossing of C57BL/6N, BALB/c, C3H/He, and DBA/2. We found the HET females naturally and repeatedly produced offspring, even in old age (14-18 months of age). We also found that HET females showed a significantly enlarged body and organ sizes in both youth and old age. In histological analyses, the numbers of primordial follicles, primary follicles, secondary follicles, and corpora lutea were significantly increased in the old ovaries of HET females compared with those in inbred C57BL/6 mice of the same age. In vitro fertilization experiments revealed that aged HET oocytes showed identical rates of fertilization, early development, and birth compared to those of young and old C57BL/6 oocytes. We further found the significantly increased expression of sirtuin genes concomitant with the up-regulation of R-spondin2 in old HET ovaries. These results confirm the novel phenotype, characterized by fertility extension and follicular retention due to heterosis, in old HET females. The HET female will be a valuable model for clarifying the mechanism underlying the effect of heterosis in the field of reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ozawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Toda
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shuichi Shibuya
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Okumura
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoki Okamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yorino Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ikko Kawashima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kawamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.,Obstetrics and gynecology, International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine, Narita, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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