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Hof L, Old O, Steinbicker A, Meybohm P, Choorapoikayil S, Zacharowski K. Iron deficiency in cardiac surgical patients. ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA BELGICA 2022. [DOI: 10.56126/73.4.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential element and involved in a variety of metabolic processes including oxygen transport, cellular energy production, energy metabolism of heart muscles, brain function, cell growth and cell differentiation. Preoperative anaemia is an independent risk factor for poor outcome. Recently, iron deficiency was considered only in the context of anaemia. However, negative consequences of iron deficiency in the absence of anaemia have been described for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. To date, the benefit of intravenous iron supplementation in these patients has been controversially debated. In this review, we discuss the latest progress in studies of intravenous iron supplementation in iron deficient cardiac surgical patients.
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Kim SL, Shin S, Yang SJ. Iron Homeostasis and Energy Metabolism in Obesity. Clin Nutr Res 2022; 11:316-330. [PMID: 36381472 PMCID: PMC9633967 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2022.11.4.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron plays a role in energy metabolism as a component of vital enzymes and electron transport chains (ETCs) for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation are crucial in generating ATP in mitochondria. At the mitochondria matrix, heme and iron-sulfur clusters are synthesized. Iron-sulfur cluster is a part of the aconitase in the TCA cycle and a functional or structural component of electron transfer proteins. Heme is the prosthetic group for cytochrome c, a principal component of the respiratory ETC. Regarding fat metabolism, iron regulates mitochondrial fat oxidation and affects the thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Thermogenesis is a process that increases energy expenditure, and BAT is a tissue that generates heat via mitochondrial fuel oxidation. Iron deficiency may impair mitochondrial fuel oxidation by inhibiting iron-containing molecules, leading to decreased energy expenditure. Although it is expected that impaired mitochondrial fuel oxidation may be restored by iron supplementation, its underlying mechanisms have not been clearly identified. Therefore, this review summarizes the current evidence on how iron regulates energy metabolism considering the TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and thermogenesis. Additionally, we relate iron-mediated metabolic regulation to obesity and obesity-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Lin Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Sunhye Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Soo Jin Yang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797, Korea
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Paeschke S, Winter K, Bechmann I, Klöting N, Blüher M, Baum P, Kosacka J, Nowicki M. Leptin Receptor-Deficient db/db Mice Show Significant Heterogeneity in Response to High Non-heme Iron Diet. Front Nutr 2021; 8:741249. [PMID: 34646852 PMCID: PMC8503537 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.741249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown an association between iron homeostasis, obesity and diabetes. In this work, we investigated the differences in the metabolic status and inflammation in liver, pancreas and visceral adipose tissue of leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice dependent on high iron concentration diet. 3-month-old male BKS-Leprdb/db/JOrlRj (db/db) mice were divided into two groups, which were fed with different diets containing high iron (29 g/kg, n = 57) or standard iron (0.178 g/kg; n = 42) concentrations for 4 months. As anticipated, standard iron-fed db/db mice developed obesity and diabetes. However, high iron-fed mice exhibited a wide heterogeneity. By dividing into two subgroups at the diabetes level, non-diabetic subgroup 1 (<13.5 mmol/l, n = 30) significantly differed from diabetic subgroup two (>13.5 mmol/l, n = 27). Blood glucose concentration, HbA1c value, inflammation markers interleukin six and tumor necrosis factor α and heme oxygenase one in visceral adipose tissue were reduced in subgroup one compared to subgroup two. In contrast, body weight, C-peptide, serum insulin and serum iron concentrations, pancreatic islet and signal ratio as well as cholesterol, LDL and HDL levels were enhanced in subgroup one. While these significant differences require further studies and explanation, our results might also explain the often-contradictory results of the metabolic studies with db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Paeschke
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karsten Winter
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ingo Bechmann
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen at the University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen at the University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Petra Baum
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joanna Kosacka
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Applied Molecular Hepatology Lab, Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marcin Nowicki
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Baum P, Toyka KV, Blüher M, Kosacka J, Nowicki M. Inflammatory Mechanisms in the Pathophysiology of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DN)-New Aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10835. [PMID: 34639176 PMCID: PMC8509236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy is complex, and various pathogenic pathways have been proposed. A better understanding of the pathophysiology is warranted for developing novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we summarize recent evidence from experiments using animal models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes showing that low-grade intraneural inflammation is a facet of diabetic neuropathy. Our experimental data suggest that these mild inflammatory processes are a likely common terminal pathway in diabetic neuropathy associated with the degeneration of intraepidermal nerve fibers. In contrast to earlier reports claiming toxic effects of high-iron content, we found the opposite, i.e., nutritional iron deficiency caused low-grade inflammation and fiber degeneration while in normal or high non-heme iron nutrition no or only extremely mild inflammatory signs were identified in nerve tissue. Obesity and dyslipidemia also appear to trigger mild inflammation of peripheral nerves, associated with neuropathy even in the absence of overt diabetes mellitus. Our finding may be the experimental analog of recent observations identifying systemic proinflammatory activity in human sensorimotor diabetic neuropathy. In a rat model of type 1 diabetes, a mild neuropathy with inflammatory components could be induced by insulin treatment causing an abrupt reduction in HbA1c. This is in line with observations in patients with severe diabetes developing a small fiber neuropathy upon treatment-induced rapid HbA1c reduction. If the inflammatory pathogenesis could be further substantiated by data from human tissues and intervention studies, anti-inflammatory compounds with different modes of action may become candidates for the treatment or prevention of diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Baum
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Klaus V. Toyka
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Joanna Kosacka
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Marcin Nowicki
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 13, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Yook JS, Thomas SS, Toney AM, You M, Kim YC, Liu Z, Lee J, Chung S. Dietary Iron Deficiency Modulates Adipocyte Iron Homeostasis, Adaptive Thermogenesis, and Obesity in C57BL/6 Mice. J Nutr 2021; 151:2967-2975. [PMID: 34383942 PMCID: PMC8485911 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adaptive thermogenesis is an iron-demanding pathway, significantly contributing to whole-body energy expenditure. However, the effects of iron-deficient diets on adaptive thermogenesis and obesity remain unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the impact of dietary iron deficiency on iron homeostasis in adipocytes, adaptive thermogenic capacity, and metabolic consequences in obesity. METHODS C57BL/6 male mice were assigned to either the iron-adequate (IA, 35 ppm) or the iron-deficient group (ID, 3 ppm) at weaning. Upon 8 wk of age, both IA and ID groups received an isocaloric high-fat diet (45% kcal from fat) for 10 wk, maintaining the same iron content. Mice (n = 8) were used to determine the iron status at the systemic and tissue levels and lipid metabolism and inflammatory signaling in adipose tissue. The same mice were used to evaluate cold tolerance (4°C) for 3 h. For assessing adaptive thermogenesis, mice (n = 5) received an intraperitoneal injection of β3-adrenoceptor agonist CL316243 (CL) for 5 d. RESULTS Compared with the IA group, the ID group had nonanemic iron deficiency, lower serum ferritin (42.8%, P < 0.01), and greater weight gain (8.67%, P < 0.05) and insulin resistance (159%, P < 0.01), partly due to reduced AMP-activated protein kinase activation (61.0%, P < 0.05). Upon cold exposure, the ID group maintained a core body temperature 2°C lower than the IA group. The ID group had lower iron content (47.0%, P < 0.01) in the inguinal adipose tissue (iWAT) than the IA group, which was associated with impaired adaptive thermogenesis. In response to CL, ID mice showed decreased heat production (P < 0.01) and defective upregulation of beige adipocyte-specific markers, including uncoupling protein 1 (41.1%, P < 0.001), transferrin receptor 1 (47.5%, P < 0.001), and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes (P < 0.05) compared with IA mice. CONCLUSIONS Dietary iron deficiency deregulates iron balance in the iWAT and impairs adaptive thermogenesis, thereby escalating the diet-induced weight gain in C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Seon Yook
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - Ashley Mulcahy Toney
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Mikyoung You
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Young-Cheul Kim
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jaekwon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Soonkyu Chung
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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Zhao Y, Mei G, Zhou F, Kong B, Chen L, Chen H, Wang L, Tang Y, Yao P. Vitamin D decreases pancreatic iron overload in type 2 diabetes through the NF-κB-DMT1 pathway. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 99:108870. [PMID: 34563663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has deemed vitamin D as a potential candidate for the intervention of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Herein, we explored the underlying mechanisms of T2D prevention by vitamin D, concentrating on pancreatic iron deposition reported recently. Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats were treated by vitamin D, with age-matched Zucker lean rats as control. As expected, vitamin D treatment for ZDF rats normalized islet morphology and β-cell function. Moreover, vitamin D alleviated iron accumulation and apoptosis in pancreatic cells of ZDF rats, accompanied by lowered divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) expression. Consistently, similar results were observed in high glucose-stimulated INS-1 cells treated with or without vitamin D. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), a transcription factor involving DMT1 regulation, was activated in pancreases of ZDF rats and INS-1 cells exposed to high glucose, but inactivated by vitamin D or BAY 11-7082, a NF-κB inhibitor. Futhermore, IL-1β functioning as NF-κB activator abolished the suppression of NF-κB activation, DMT1 induction and the attenuation of apoptosis as a consequence of vitamin D incubation. Our study showed that iron overload in pancreas may contribute to T2D pathogenesis and uncovered a potentially protective role for vitamin D on iron deposition of diabetic pancreas through NF-κB- DMT1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guibin Mei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingxuan Kong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhan Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Ma W, Jia L, Xiong Q, Feng Y, Du H. The role of iron homeostasis in adipocyte metabolism. Food Funct 2021; 12:4246-4253. [PMID: 33876811 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03442h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Iron plays a vital role in the metabolism of adipose tissue. On the one hand, iron is essential for differentiation, endocrine, energy supply and other physiological functions of adipocytes. Iron homeostasis affects the progression of many chronic metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In adipose tissue, iron deficiency is associated with obesity, mainly due to inflammation. Nevertheless, excessive iron in adipose tissue leads to decreased insulin sensitivity owing to mitochondrial dysfunction and adipokine changes. On the other hand, iron has an effect on the thermogenesis of adipocytes. Iron deficiency affects the production of beige fat and the direction of the differentiation of brown fat. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the crosstalk between iron homeostasis and metabolism in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Relation of serum hepcidin levels and restless legs syndrome in chronic hemodialysis patients. Sleep Breath 2020; 25:897-905. [PMID: 33029690 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-020-02209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron deficiency anemia, pregnancy, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are common causes of secondary restless legs syndrome (RLS). Serum ferritin is considered the most specific test associated with the total amount of body iron stores. However, due to the increase of serum ferritin secondary to inflammation in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients, serum ferritin test results do not fully reflect decreased iron stores in these patients. The present study evaluates the serum hepcidin levels, as the main regulator of iron metabolism, and its relationship with RLS in chronic HD patients. METHODS The present cross-sectional study involved 72 patients (36 with and 36 without RLS) who received chronic HD treatment between April 2014 and April 2015. Demographic and biochemical data were evaluated in all patients, and statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS The mean age and mean dialysis vintage of all patients (56% women) included in the study were 65.3 ± 11.6 years and 41.5 ± 36.5 months, respectively. Serum hepcidin, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), and ferritin levels were significantly higher in patients with RLS (p = 0.001, p = 0.032, p = 0.042, respectively). In addition, a positive correlation was found between International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group severity scale score and serum hepcidin levels, HbA1C, and ferritin (r = 0.387, p = 0.001; r = 0.426, p = 0.034; r = 0.240, p = 0.046, respectively). A multivariate linear regression analysis revealed hepcidin and HbA1C to be independently associated with the presence of RLS. CONCLUSION A significant relationship was detected between RLS and increased serum hepcidin levels in chronic HD patients, and uncontrolled diabetes was noted to contribute to this association.
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Dukhnitsky VB, Derkach IM, Plutenko MO, Fritsky IO, Derkach SS. Antianemic action of the iron (IV) clathrochelate complexes. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.15421/022064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anemia is one of the most common non-contagious diseases of pigs. Modern antianemic drugs have several drawbacks, so finding new drugs is a pressing issue. We previously reported the results of preclinical studies of iron in rare high valence IV. This allowed us to determine, supplement, and generalize the data on clinical studies of the new drugs with the active substance iron (IV) clathrochelate. Therefore, we studied its antianemic effect on piglets. Experiments were carried out on piglets-analogues neonates, which were divided into three groups: control and two experimental groups. Piglets were kept with sows on suckling. For the purpose of prevention of iron deficiency anemia, the traditional solution of iron dextran was administered once intramuscularly to piglets of I control group. The aqueous solution of iron (IV) clathrochelate complexes was administered once intramuscularly to piglets of II experimental group. Iron (IV) clathrochelate complexes were dissolved in a solvent of rheopolyglucin and administered once intramuscularly to piglets of III experimental group. 1 mL of test solutions contained 100 mg of active substance. The investigative material were the samples of blood and serum of piglets, their liver and spleen. The experiment lasted during a 30-day period since the birth of the piglets. According to the results of the experiments, iron (IV) clatrochelate complexes which were dissolved in water for injection and rheopolyglucin had higher antianemic activity compared to the control. This is evidenced by the dynamics of probable changes in the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin content and hematocrit, iron content in serum and its mass fraction in the blood, liver and spleen of piglets. The effectiveness of the action of iron (IV) clatrochelate complexes is demonstrated by the full supply of piglets with iron and its higher bioavailability.
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Hayder ZS, Kareem ZS. Resistin hormone in diabetic kidney disease and its relation to iron status and hepcidin. Int Urol Nephrol 2020; 52:749-756. [PMID: 32173772 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-020-02434-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistin, a potent adipocyte-secreted hormone, may contribute to and modulate iron status and hepcidin level in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). CONTEXT The cross-sectional study aimed to determine the possible role of resistin in the iron status pathway in patients with NIDDM and ESRD events are sparse with conflicting results. METHODS A total of 130 patients and 42 healthy subjects were included in the study and grouped into four none obese groups with normal C-reactive protein (CRP) level: Group 1 (control), Group 2 (NIDDM), Group 3 (ESRD on hemodialysis), and Group 4 (NIDDM + ESRD on hemodialysis). Resistin hormone, ferritin, hepcidin, serum iron, TIBC, and TS% were estimated. RESULTS Resistin, hepcidin, and ferritin were significantly increased in all groups when compared to control. TIBC significantly increased in ESRD and NIDDM + ESRD when compared to controls. Serum iron and TS% significantly decreased in all groups when compared to controls. Resistin showed a significant positive correlation with hepcidin and ferritin. CONCLUSION It was determined that serum resistin elevated in patients and correlated directly with hepcidin and ferritin levels. The present finding regarding receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) analysis of resistin hormone proposed that resistin could be represented as a biomarker for iron dysfunction in NIDDM and ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhian Sherzad Hayder
- Department of Basic Science, College of Dentistry, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq. .,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, KOY45, Kurdistan Region-F.R., Koya, Iraq.
| | - Zrar Saleem Kareem
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, KOY45, Kurdistan Region-F.R., Koya, Iraq
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Fakharzadeh S, Argani H, Dadashzadeh S, Kalanaky S, Mohammadi Torbati P, Nazaran MH, Basiri A. BCc1 Nanomedicine Therapeutic Effects in Streptozotocin and High-Fat Diet Induced Diabetic Kidney Disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:1179-1188. [PMID: 32368111 PMCID: PMC7173843 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s240757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One common feature of chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD), is the disruption of iron metabolism and increase in labile iron pool, which can result in excessive production of harmful oxidative stress. The proper management of iron metabolism in this situation can be a valuable tool to ameliorate pathological events. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the previous studies, the anti-neoplastic effects of BCc1, a nanochelating-based nanomedicine with iron-chelating property, were demonstrated in cell culture, animal models and clinical trials. In the present study, the therapeutic effects of BCc1 in animal model of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), induced by streptozotocin injection (35 mg/kg) and high-fat diet consumption, were evaluated. RESULTS The results showed that BCc1 significantly decreased HOMA-IR index, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, malondialdehyde and 8-isoprostane. In addition, it reduced urinary albumin excretion rate and albumin-to-creatinine ratio in comparison to DKD control rats. This nanomedicine had no negative impact on liver iron content, hemoglobin level, red blood cell count, hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume, while it significantly decreased aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase compared to DKD control group. Moreover, the histopathological assessment indicated that lesser glomerular basement membrane and wrinkling, mesangial matrix expansion and pathological changes in proximal cortical tubules were seen in the kidney samples of BCc1-treated rats. CONCLUSION In conclusion, BCc1 as an iron-chelating agent shows promising impacts in DKD animal model, which can ameliorate biochemical and pathological events of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saideh Fakharzadeh
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Argani
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simin Dadashzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Kalanaky
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Mohammadi Torbati
- Department of Pathology, Labbafinejad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Nazaran
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
- Correspondence: Mohammad Hassan Nazaran Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran Tel/Fax +98 21 88992123 Email
| | - Abbas Basiri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Abbas Basiri Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Tel/Fax +98 21 22567222 Email
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12
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González-Muniesa P, Martínez JA. Precision Nutrition and Metabolic Syndrome Management. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2411. [PMID: 31601025 PMCID: PMC6835755 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The journal NUTRIENTS published some time ago a special issue about "Precision Nutrition and Metabolic Syndrome Management", which included a series of articles about the role of bioactive compounds, amino acids/proteins and fatty acids for personalized nutritional applications [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro González-Muniesa
- University of Navarra, Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- University of Navarra, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- IDISNA, Navarra's Health Research Institute, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- University of Navarra, Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- University of Navarra, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- IDISNA, Navarra's Health Research Institute, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Precision Nutrition Program, IMDEA Food, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Dukhnitsky V, Derkach I, Plutenko M, Fritsky I, Derkach S. Acute toxicity of the iron clathrochelate complexes. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.15421/021942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A new class of highly valent iron compounds is formed by atmospheric oxidation in aqueous media and it is extremely stable both in solid and soluble conditions and may exist indefinitely in a medium without signs of degradation. The first clathrochelate complexes of iron (IV) are infinitely stable in water and readily available from simple, commercially available, inexpensive source materials with surprisingly mild reaction conditions. To create new drugs on their bases, research on their toxicity is required. In this study, the results of preclinical studies of a new iron clathrochelates drug are presented. Experiments were carried out on white rats and quails, which in the previous experiment were divided into five experimental and two control groups. The solution of iron clathrochelate complexes was administered intragastrically in doses 50, 500, 1000, 2000 and 5000 mg/kg, respectively. Our results have shown that there were no grounds for using rats in the advanced experiment because the conducted research has established that iron clathrochelate is non toxic to rats. Thus, the minimum dose of iron clathrochelate complexes did not cause death of quails, and the largest dose caused 100% mortality. The basic experiment was conducted on 6 groups of birds, each consisting of 7 quails. The drug was administered in the following doses: 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000 mg/kg. The monitoring observation of the laboratory birds lasted for 14 days. It has been established that the average lethal dose of clathrochelate of the investigated drug for internal administration in quails is 764 ± 33 mg/kg. According to the classification of chemicals by the degree of danger (State ST 12.1.007-76), iron (IV) clathrochelate complexes correspond to the third class of hazard, and according to the classification of substances for toxicity they are classified as category 4 (low toxicity substances). The prospect of further research is to investigate the pharmacological and toxicological properties of iron (IV) clathrochelate for chronic toxicity.
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Miranda MA, St Pierre CL, Macias-Velasco JF, Nguyen HA, Schmidt H, Agnello LT, Wayhart JP, Lawson HA. Dietary iron interacts with genetic background to influence glucose homeostasis. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:13. [PMID: 30820238 PMCID: PMC6380031 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0339-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron is a critical component of metabolic homeostasis, but consumption of dietary iron has increased dramatically in the last 30 years, corresponding with the rise of metabolic disease. While the link between iron metabolism and metabolic health is well established, the extent to which dietary iron contributes to metabolic disease risk is unexplored. Further, it is unknown how dietary iron interacts with genetic background to modify metabolic disease risk. METHODS LG/J and SM/J inbred mouse strains were used to investigate the relationship between genetic background and metabolic function during an 8-week high iron diet. Glucose tolerance and adiposity were assessed, colorimetric assays determined levels of circulating metabolic markers, and hepatic iron content was measured. RNA sequencing was performed on white adipose tissue to identify genes differentially expressed across strain, diet, and strain X diet cohorts. Hepatic Hamp expression and circulating hepcidin was measured, and small nucleotide variants were identified in the Hamp genic region. RESULTS LG/J mice experienced elevated fasting glucose and glucose intolerance during the high iron diet, corresponding with increased hepatic iron load, increased circulating ferritin, and signs of liver injury. Adipose function was also altered in high iron-fed LG/J mice, including decreased adiposity and leptin production and differential expression of genes involved in iron and glucose homeostasis. LG/J mice failed to upregulate hepatic Hamp expression during the high iron diet, resulting in low circulating hepcidin levels compared to SM/J mice. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of accounting for genetic variation when assessing the effects of diet on metabolic health, and suggests dietary iron's impact on liver and adipose tissue is an underappreciated component of metabolic disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A. Miranda
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 660 South Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Celine L. St Pierre
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 660 South Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Juan F. Macias-Velasco
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 660 South Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Huyen Anh Nguyen
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 660 South Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Heather Schmidt
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 660 South Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Lucian T. Agnello
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 660 South Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Jessica P. Wayhart
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 660 South Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Heather A. Lawson
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 660 South Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
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