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Ferrara M, Langiano E, Falese L, Diotaiuti P, Cortis C, De Vito E. Changes in Physical Activity Levels and Eating Behaviours during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Sociodemographic Analysis in University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095550. [PMID: 35564943 PMCID: PMC9105810 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced schools and universities to shift their activities online, influencing the adoption of health-related behaviours such as physical activity and healthy dietary habits. The present study investigates the changes in adherence to a healthy diet and regular physical activity in university students in Italy before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and understands the role of sociodemographic variables in creating the changes above. We conducted a repeated cross-sectional survey performing the same sampling strategy at the first data collection (T0) and second data collection (T1) with a combination of convenience and snowball sampling approaches. The sample is composed of a total of 2001 students, 60.2% women and 39.8% men, with an average age of 22.7 (±5.5 SD). At T1, 39.9% of the students reported regular physical activity. During the pandemic, however, many, especially male students, abandoned or reduced physical activity practice (T1 40%), with an increase in social media use (T0 52.1%; T1 90%). A direct association between very low frequency of physical activity and increased sedentary time (r = 0.2, p = 0.001) and between change in dietary style and increased Body Mass Index (BMI) value (r = 0.3, p = 0.002) was found. The multivariate analysis for the total sample showed that some sociodemographic variables such as gender, age, parents’ level of education, area of study, household type, and perception of one’s body influence eating behaviours and physical activity. Our findings suggest that universities should invest in the protection and promotion of the health of their students with specific awareness programmes, and further research should repeat the survey in the post-lockdown period to investigate the long-term effects on health-related behaviours.
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Dietary Intake, Eating Behavior, Physical Activity, and Quality of Life in Infertile Women with PCOS and Obesity Compared with Non-PCOS Obese Controls. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103526. [PMID: 34684528 PMCID: PMC8538395 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To personalize lifestyle advice for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and obesity, detailed information regarding dietary intake, eating behavior, physical activity levels, and quality of life (QoL) may be useful. We aimed to investigate in a post-hoc cross-sectional analysis within a large multicenter randomized controlled trial in women with infertility whether there are significant differences in dietary intake (vegetables, fruits, sugary drinks, alcoholic beverages, savory snacks, and sweet snacks); eating behavior (emotional eating, external eating, and restricted eating); physical activity; and QoL between women with PCOS and obesity and non-PCOS obese controls. Participants were asked to complete the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), the Short QUestionnaire to ASsess Health-enhancing physical activity (SQUASH), and the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) at study entry (PCOS: n = 170; non-PCOS: n = 321, mean BMI: 36). Linear and binary (multinomial) logistic regressions were used, and the analyses were adjusted for age, waist-hip circumference ratio, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). No statistically significant differences in dietary intake or physical activity were observed between the two groups. The overall score of emotional eating was 34.6 ± 11.2 in the PCOS group and 34.1 ± 11.3 in the non-PCOS group (p = 0.11). QoL scores (physical and mental) did not differ between PCOS and non-PCOS women. These findings suggest that infertile women with PCOS and obesity and infertile non-PCOS obese controls do not have different dietary habits and have similar mental and physical QoL.
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Wang Z, Groen H, Cantineau AEP, van Elten TM, Karsten MDA, van Oers AM, Mol BWJ, Roseboom TJ, Hoek A. Effectiveness of a 6-Month Lifestyle Intervention on Diet, Physical Activity, Quality of Life, and Markers of Cardiometabolic Health in Women with PCOS and Obesity and Non-PCOS Obese Controls: One Size Fits All? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103425. [PMID: 34684438 PMCID: PMC8538637 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the difference in effectiveness of lifestyle intervention between women with PCOS and non-PCOS women. In a post hoc longitudinal analysis of a randomized, controlled trial, we aimed to investigate whether infertile women with PCOS and obesity (N = 87) responded differently to a 6-month lifestyle intervention program than infertile non-PCOS obese controls (N = 172). We evaluated several aspects of the intervention such as changes in diet, physical activity, and dropout rate, as well as the effect on weight, quality of life (QoL), and cardiometabolic outcomes. Multilevel analyses were used, and analyses were adjusted for baseline characteristics such as age, education, and smoking. Although BMI in both groups significantly decreased at 3 months and 6 months, there were no significant differences between the groups at 3 months (adjusted B: −0.3, 95% CI: −0.9 to 0.3, p = 0.35) and 6 months (adjusted B: 0.5, 95% CI: −0.4 to 1.4, p = 0.29). Women with PCOS and non-PCOS women had similar compliance with the lifestyle intervention in terms of actual change in diet and physical activity. Mental QoL scores were not different at either 3 or 6 months. Physical QoL scores were lower in women with PCOS compared with non-PCOS women at 3 months (adjusted B: −2.4, 95% CI: −4.8 to −0.06, p = 0.045) but not at 6 months. Cardiometabolic parameters did not differ between the groups. Our results showed that infertile women with PCOS and obesity and non-PCOS obese controls responded largely similarly to our lifestyle intervention and achieved the same level of improvement in markers of cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (Z.W.); (A.E.P.C.); (A.M.v.O.)
| | - Henk Groen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Astrid E. P. Cantineau
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (Z.W.); (A.E.P.C.); (A.M.v.O.)
| | - Tessa M. van Elten
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.D.A.K.); (T.J.R.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matty D. A. Karsten
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.D.A.K.); (T.J.R.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne M. van Oers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (Z.W.); (A.E.P.C.); (A.M.v.O.)
| | - Ben W. J. Mol
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia;
| | - Tessa J. Roseboom
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.D.A.K.); (T.J.R.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke Hoek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (Z.W.); (A.E.P.C.); (A.M.v.O.)
- Correspondence:
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Menting MD, van de Beek C, Rono K, Hoek A, Groen H, Painter RC, Girchenko P, Lahti‐Pulkkinen M, Koivusalo SB, Räikkönen K, Eriksson JG, Roseboom TJ, Heinonen K. Effects of maternal lifestyle interventions on child neurobehavioral development: Follow-up of randomized controlled trials. Scand J Psychol 2019; 60:548-558. [PMID: 31498898 PMCID: PMC6899471 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health problem. Children of women who were obese before or during pregnancy are at increased risk for neurobehavioral developmental problems. Whether a maternal lifestyle intervention conducted before and during pregnancy in obese women affects child neurobehavioral development is unknown. This study reports on the follow-up of a subsample of two randomized controlled trials, the Finnish RADIEL (n = 216) and Dutch LIFEstyle (n = 305) trial. Women with a pre-pregnancy BMI ≥29 kg/m2 wishing to conceive or who were already pregnant (<20 weeks) were allocated to a lifestyle intervention or to care as usual. Child neurodevelopment was measured with the Ages and Stages Questionnaire and child behavioral problems were measured with the Childhood Behavior Checklist (RADIEL) or the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (LIFEstyle) at age 3-6 years. We used linear and binary logistic regression analyses to assess the effects of the lifestyle interventions on children's neurobehavioral developmental scores. Follow-up data was available from 161(38%) RADIEL and 96(32%) LIFEstyle children. Child neurodevelopmental scores did not differ significantly between children in the intervention and the control group (RADIEL:median = 275 vs. 280; LIFEstyle:median = 270 vs 267). Child behavioral problem scores did not differ significantly between children in the intervention and the control group (RADIEL:median = 22 vs. 21; LIFEstyle:median = 8 vs. 8). We did not observe considerable effects of the lifestyle interventions before or during pregnancy in obese women on child neurobehavioral development. With our sample sizes, we were not able to detect subtle differences in neurobehavioral development however.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malou D. Menting
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and BioinformaticsAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Cornelieke van de Beek
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Kristiina Rono
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Annemieke Hoek
- University of GroningenUniversity Medical Centre GroningenDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Henk Groen
- University of GroningenUniversity Medical Centre GroningenDepartment of EpidemiologyGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Rebecca C. Painter
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Polina Girchenko
- Department of Psychology and LogopedicsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Marius Lahti‐Pulkkinen
- Department of Psychology and LogopedicsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceQueen's Medical Research InstituteUniversity of EdinburghUK
| | - Saila B. Koivusalo
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and LogopedicsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health CareUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Folkhälsan Research CenterHelsinkiFinland
| | - Tessa J. Roseboom
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and BioinformaticsAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Kati Heinonen
- Department of Psychology and LogopedicsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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Integrated Role of Nutrition and Physical Activity for Lifelong Health. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071437. [PMID: 31247924 PMCID: PMC6682932 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that healthy nutrition and physical activity (PA) are key lifestyle factors that modulate lifelong health through their ability to improve body composition, musculoskeletal health, and physical and cognitive performance, as well as to prevent metabolic diseases including obesity, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease across the lifespan [...].
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