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Zhang Y, Dawson R, Kong L, Tan L. Lutein supplementation for early-life health and development: current knowledge, challenges, and implications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38795064 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2357275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Macular carotenoids, which consist of lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin, are dietary antioxidants and macular pigments in the eyes, protecting the macula from light-induced oxidative stress. Lutein is also the main carotenoid in the infant brain and is involved in cognitive development. While a few articles reviewed the role of lutein in early health and development, the current review is the first that focuses on the outcomes of lutein supplementation, either provided to mothers or to infants. Additionally, lutein status and metabolism during pregnancy and lactation, factors that limit the potential application of lutein as a nutritional intervention, and solutions to overcome the limitation are also discussed. In brief, the lutein intake in pregnant and lactating women in the United States may not be optimal. Furthermore, preterm and formula-fed infants are known to have compromised lutein status compared to term and breast-fed infants, respectively. While lutein supplementation via both maternal and infant consumption improves lutein status in infants, the application of lutein as a nutritional intervention may be compromised by its low bioavailability. Various encapsulation techniques have been developed to enhance the delivery of lutein in adult animals or human but should be further evaluated in neonatal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Zhang
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Reece Dawson
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Lingyan Kong
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Libo Tan
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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2
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Sun A, Tian L, Xiong X, Kuchan M, Dai X, Sun H, Wang H, Li X, Zhang L, Zhao Y, Chen J, Mao Y, Li X. Carotenoids in maternal and cord blood, breast milk and their association with maternal dietary intake: a longitudinal study in Shanghai, China. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1041-1052. [PMID: 37926900 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452300257x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are important bioactive substances in breast milk, the profile of which is seldom studied. This study aimed to explore the profile of carotenoids in breast milk and maternal/cord plasma of healthy mother-neonate pairs in Shanghai, China, and their correlation with dietary intake. Maternal blood, umbilical cord blood and breast milk samples from five lactation stages (colostrum, transitional milk and early-, mid- and late-term mature milk) were collected. Carotenoid levels were analysed by HPLC. Carotenoid levels in breast milk changed as lactation progressed (P < 0·001). β-Carotene was the primary carotenoid in colostrum. Lutein accounted for approximately 50 % of total carotenoids in transitional milk, mature milk and cord blood. Positive correlations were observed between five carotenoids in umbilical cord blood and maternal blood (P all < 0·001). β-Carotene levels were also correlated between maternal plasma and three stages of breast milk (r = 0·605, P < 0·001; r = 0·456, P = 0·011, r = 0·446; P = 0·013, respectively). Dietary carotenoid intakes of lactating mothers also differed across lactation stages, although no correlation with breast milk concentrations was found. These findings suggest the importance of exploring the transport mechanism of carotenoids between mothers and infants and help guide the development of formulas for Chinese infants as well as the nutritional diets of lactating mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anran Sun
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People's Republic of China
- Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Luojia Tian
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People's Republic of China
- Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Xiong
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Centre, Shanghai200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Matthew Kuchan
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Center, Abbott Laboratories, Columbus, OH43219, USA
| | - Xinyao Dai
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People's Republic of China
- Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanxiao Sun
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People's Republic of China
- Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu610041, People's Republic of China
| | - He Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People's Republic of China
- Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Centre, Shanghai200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Lishi Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People's Republic of China
- Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanrong Zhao
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Centre, Shanghai200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyao Chen
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People's Republic of China
- Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingyi Mao
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Centre, Shanghai200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People's Republic of China
- Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu610041, People's Republic of China
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Yang MT, Lan QY, Tian F, Xiong XY, Li X, Wu T, Huang SY, Chen XY, Mao YY, Zhu HL. Trajectories of Human Milk Gangliosides during the First Four Hundred Days and Maternal-to-Offspring Transfer of Gangliosides: Results from a Chinese Cohort Study. J Nutr 2024; 154:940-948. [PMID: 38215939 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gangliosides are crucial for early-life cognition and immunity development. However, limited data exist on gangliosides within the Chinese population, and maternal-to-fetal/infant ganglioside transport remains unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate gangliosides concentrations and trajectories in Chinese human milk during the first 400 d of lactation, and seek to understand gangliosides transmission between mother and offspring. METHODS This study involved 921 cross-sectional participants providing human milk samples across 0-400 d of lactation and 136 longitudinal participants offering maternal plasma, cord plasma, and human milk samples within the first 45 d postpartum. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used for the quantification of gangliosides. RESULTS Human milk GM3 (Neu5Acα2-3Galβ1-4GlcβCer) concentration increased from 2.29 ± 1.87 to 13.93 ± 4.82 μg/mL, whereas GD3 (Neu5Acα2-8Neu5Acα2-3Galβ1-4GlcβCer) decreased from 17.94 ± 6.41 to 0.30 ± 0.50 μg/mL during the first 400 d postpartum (all P < 0.05). Consistent results were observed in cross-sectional and longitudinal participants. GD3 concentration gradually increased from maternal plasma (1.58 μg/mL) through cord plasma (2.05 μg/mL) to colostrum (21.35 μg/mL). Significant positive correlations were observed between maternal and cord plasma for both GM3 (r = 0.30, P < 0.001) and GD3 (r = 0.35, P < 0.001), and maternal plasma GD3 also correlated positively with colostrum concentrations (r = 0.21, P = 0.015). Additionally, in maternal and cord plasma, gangliosides were mainly linked with 16- and 18-carbon fatty acids. However, human milk GM3 showed a broad spectrum of fatty acid chain lengths, whereas GD3 was primarily tied to very long-chain fatty acids (≥20 carbon). CONCLUSIONS We identified an increase in GM3 and a decrease in GD3 concentration in human milk, with GD3 notably more concentrated in cord plasma and colostrum. Importantly, ganglioside concentrations in maternal plasma positively correlated with those in cord plasma and colostrum. Our findings contribute to the existing Chinese data on gangliosides and enhance understanding of their transmission patterns from mother to offspring. This trial was registered at chictr.org.cn as ChiCTR1800015387.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Tao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Ye Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Tian
- Abbott Nutrition R and D Centre, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xiang Li
- Abbott Nutrition R and D Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Yu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Yi Mao
- Abbott Nutrition R and D Centre, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui-Lian Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Kadam I, Nebie C, Dalloul M, Hittelman J, Fordjour L, Hoepner L, Futterman ID, Minkoff H, Jiang X. Maternal Lutein Intake during Pregnancies with or without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Cognitive Development of Children at 2 Years of Age: A Prospective Observational Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:328. [PMID: 38276566 PMCID: PMC10819807 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Lutein and its isomer zeaxanthin serve as antioxidants and preserve cognitive function during aging. However, whether lutein/zeaxanthin (L + Z) exposure early in life improves cognitive development of children is rarely explored. It is also unknown whether gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), characterized by heightened oxidative stress, affects lutein metabolism. This prospective longitudinal cohort study examined the differences in L + Z intake and metabolism, as well as the association between maternal L + Z intake and children's cognitive development in GDM versus non-GDM pregnancies. Seventy-six pregnant women (n = 40 with GDM) were recruited between 25 and 33 weeks of gestation and dietary intakes were recorded. At delivery, cord blood was collected, and 2 years later, the Bayley III developmental test was conducted on a subset of children (n = 38). The results suggest that GDM reduced cord blood lutein levels at birth; L + Z intake during pregnancy was associated with better cognitive (β = 0.003, p = 0.001) and language (β = 0.002, p = 0.038) scoring of children at 2 years regardless of GDM status. In conclusion, maternal L + Z intake was positively associated with children's developmental scores, regardless of GDM. More studies are needed to confirm such associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isma’il Kadam
- PhD Program in Biochemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA;
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA;
| | - Chauntelle Nebie
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA;
| | - Mudar Dalloul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (M.D.); (H.M.)
| | - Joan Hittelman
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA;
| | - Lawrence Fordjour
- Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA;
| | - Lori Hoepner
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA;
| | - Itamar D. Futterman
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA;
| | - Howard Minkoff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (M.D.); (H.M.)
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA;
| | - Xinyin Jiang
- PhD Program in Biochemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA;
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA;
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Addo EK, Allman SJ, Arunkumar R, Gorka JE, Harrison DY, Varner MW, Bernstein PS. Systemic Effects of Prenatal Carotenoid Supplementation in the Mother and her Child: The Lutein and Zeaxanthin in Pregnancy (L-ZIP) Randomized Trial -Report Number 1. J Nutr 2023; 153:2205-2215. [PMID: 37247819 PMCID: PMC10447612 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adding carotenoids, particularly lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z), to prenatal micronutrient formulations has been promoted to enhance infant visual and neural development and to maintain maternal health. Although these claims are biologically plausible, they are not yet supported by a compelling prospective trial. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of prenatal carotenoid supplementation on biomarkers of maternal and infant systemic carotenoid status. METHODS We randomly assigned 47 first trimester pregnant subjects by 1:1 allocation to receive standard-of-care prenatal vitamins plus a 10 mg L and 2 mg Z softgel (the Carotenoid group) or standard-of-care prenatal vitamins with a placebo softgel (the Control group) for 6-8 mo. Maternal carotenoid concentrations in the serum and skin at the end of each trimester and postpartum were measured with HPLC and resonance Raman spectroscopy, respectively. Infants' systemic carotenoid status was assessed using similar techniques but optimized for infants. Repeated measures and paired t-tests were determined, and a P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS After supplementation, there was a statistically significant increase in maternal serum L + Z concentrations, serum total carotenoid concentrations, and skin carotenoid status (P < 0.001 for all) in the Carotenoid group relative to the Control group at all study time points. Similarly, infants whose mothers were in the Carotenoid group had a significant 5-fold increase in cord blood L + Z concentrations, over a 3-fold increase in cord blood total carotenoids, and a 38% increase in skin carotenoids compared with the Control group (P < 0.0001 for all). In addition, there was a strong positive, statistically significant correlation between postpartum maternal and infant systemic carotenoid status (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Prenatal carotenoid supplementation significantly increased maternal and infant systemic (skin and serum) carotenoid status, which may benefit pregnant women and their infants' health. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03750968.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel K Addo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Susan J Allman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ranganathan Arunkumar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Joanna E Gorka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Deborah Y Harrison
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael W Varner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Paul S Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Akbar A, Duvall S, VanOrmer M, Slotkowski R, Hahka T, Genaro-Mattos T, Korade Z, Hanson C, Anderson Berry A, Thoene M. Plasma Retinol Concentrations and Dietary Intakes of Mother-Infant Sets in Singleton versus Twin Pregnancy. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112553. [PMID: 37299515 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A (retinol) is essential for normal fetal development, but the recommendation for maternal dietary intake (Retinol Activity Equivalent, RAE) does not differ for singleton vs. twin pregnancy, despite the limited evaluation of retinol status. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate plasma retinol concentrations and deficiency status in mother-infant sets from singleton vs. twin pregnancies as well as maternal RAE intake. A total of 21 mother-infant sets were included (14 singleton, 7 twin). The HPLC and LC-MS/HS evaluated the plasma retinol concentration, and data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Plasma retinol was significantly lower in twin vs. singleton pregnancies in both maternal (192.2 vs. 312.1 vs. mcg/L, p = 0.002) and umbilical cord (UC) samples (102.5 vs. 154.4 vs. mcg/L, p = 0.002). The prevalence of serum-defined vitamin A deficiency (VAD) <200.6 mcg/L was higher in twins vs. singletons for both maternal (57% vs. 7%, p = 0.031) and UC samples (100% vs. 0%, p < 0.001), despite a similar RAE intake (2178 vs. 1862 mcg/day, p = 0.603). Twin pregnancies demonstrated a higher likelihood of vitamin A deficiency in mothers, with an odds ratio of 17.3 (95% CI: 1.4 to 216.6). This study suggests twin pregnancy may be associated with VAD deficiency. Further research is needed to determine optimal maternal dietary recommendations during twin gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Akbar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sarah Duvall
- College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Matthew VanOrmer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Rebecca Slotkowski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Taija Hahka
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Thiago Genaro-Mattos
- Munroe Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Zeljka Korade
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Corrine Hanson
- College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ann Anderson Berry
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Melissa Thoene
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Arunkumar R, Li B, Addo EK, Hartnett ME, Bernstein PS. Prenatal Carotenoid Supplementation With Lutein or Zeaxanthin Ameliorates Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy (OIR) in Bco2-/- Macular Pigment Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:9. [PMID: 37036416 PMCID: PMC10108734 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.4.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Premature infants at risk of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) miss placental transfer of the carotenoids lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) during the third trimester. We previously demonstrated that prenatal L and Z supplementation raised carotenoid levels in infants at birth in the Lutein and Zeaxanthin in Pregnancy (L-ZIP) study (NCT03750968). Based on their antioxidant effects and bioavailability, we hypothesized that prenatal maternal supplementation with macular carotenoids would reduce the risk of ROP. To test this hypothesis, we utilized "macular pigment mice" genetically engineered to take up L and Z into the retina in a model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Methods Pregnant Bco2-/- mice were divided into nine experimental subgroups based on the type of supplementation (L, Z, or placebo) and on the maternal supplementation start date corresponding to the three trimesters of human fetal development (E0, E11, and P1). Pups and nursing mothers were exposed to 75% O2 for 5 days (P7-P12) and returned to room air for 5 days (P12-P17). Pups were killed at P12 and P17, and their retinas were analyzed for vaso-obliteration and intravitreal neovascularization. Results Pups of pregnant mice supplemented with L or Z had significant reductions in areas of vaso-obliteration and intravitreal neovascularization compared to placebo. Prenatal carotenoid supplementation starting at E0 or E11 was significantly more protective against OIR than postnatal supplementation starting at P1. Conclusions Prenatal supplementation with L and Z was beneficial in a mouse OIR model. We recommend testing prenatal L and Z supplementation in future human clinical trials to prevent ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranganathan Arunkumar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Binxing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Emmanuel K. Addo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Mary Elizabeth Hartnett
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Paul S. Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
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Retinol and Pro-Vitamin A Carotenoid Nutritional Status during Pregnancy Is Associated with Newborn Hearing Screen Results. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040800. [PMID: 36839158 PMCID: PMC9967333 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The prenatal period is critical for auditory development; thus, prenatal influences on auditory development may significantly impact long-term hearing ability. While previous studies identified a protective effect of carotenoids on adult hearing, the impact of these nutrients on hearing outcomes in neonates is not well understood. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between maternal and umbilical cord plasma retinol and carotenoid concentrations and abnormal newborn hearing screen (NHS) results. Mother-infant dyads (n = 546) were enrolled at delivery. Plasma samples were analyzed using HPLC and LC-MS/MS. NHS results were obtained from medical records. Statistical analysis utilized Mann-Whitney U tests and logistic regression models, with p ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. Abnormal NHS results were observed in 8.5% of infants. Higher median cord retinol (187.4 vs. 162.2 μg/L, p = 0.01), maternal trans-β-carotene (206.1 vs. 149.4 μg/L, p = 0.02), maternal cis-β-carotene (15.9 vs. 11.2 μg/L, p = 0.02), and cord trans-β-carotene (15.5 vs. 8.0 μg/L, p = 0.04) were associated with abnormal NHS. Significant associations between natural log-transformed retinol and β-carotene concentrations and abnormal NHS results remained after adjustment for smoking status, maternal age, and corrected gestational age. Further studies should investigate if congenital metabolic deficiencies, pesticide contamination of carotenoid-rich foods, maternal hypothyroidism, or other variables mediate this relationship.
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Lutein and Zeaxanthin Intake during Pregnancy and Visual Function in Offspring at 11–12 Years of Age. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040872. [PMID: 35215522 PMCID: PMC8876686 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Lutein and zeaxanthin (L&Z) are essential dietary nutrients that are a crucial component of the human macula, contributing to visual functioning. They easily cross the placental barrier, so that retinal deposition commences during foetal development. This study aims to assess associations between maternal L&Z intake during pregnancy and offspring visual function at 11–12 years. (2) Methods: Using the Spanish INfancia y Medio Ambiente project (INMA) Sabadell birth cohort, 431 mother–child pairs were analysed. L&Z data were obtained from food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) at week 12 and 32 of pregnancy, alongside other nutritional and sociodemographic covariates. Contrast vision (CS) and visual acuity (VA) were assessed using the automated Freiburg Acuity and Contrast Testing (FRACT) battery. Low CS and VA were defined as being below the 20th cohort centile. Associations were explored using multiple logistic regression. (3) Results: After controlling for potential confounders, L&Z intake during the 1st and 3rd trimester did not reveal any statistically significant association with either CS or VA in offspring at age 11/12 years. (4) Conclusions: No evidence of a long-term association between L&Z intake during pregnancy and visual function in offspring was found. Further larger long-term studies including blood L&Z levels are required to confirm this result.
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10
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OUP accepted manuscript. Nutr Rev 2022; 80:2029-2050. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Gazzolo D, Picone S, Gaiero A, Bellettato M, Montrone G, Riccobene F, Lista G, Pellegrini G. Early Pediatric Benefit of Lutein for Maturing Eyes and Brain-An Overview. Nutrients 2021; 13:3239. [PMID: 34579116 PMCID: PMC8468336 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lutein is a dietary carotenoid preferentially accumulated in the eye and the brain in early life and throughout the life span. Lutein accumulation in areas of high metabolism and oxidative stress such as the eye and the brain suggest a unique role of this ingredient during the development and maturation of these organs of common embryological origin. Lutein is naturally provided to the developing baby via the cord blood, breast milk and then infant diet. The presence of this carotenoid depends on fruit and vegetable intakes and its bioavailability is higher in breastmilk. This paper aims to review the anatomical development of the eye and the brain, explore the presence and selective deposition of lutein in these organs during pregnancy and infancy and, based on its functional characteristics, present the latest available research on the beneficial role of lutein in the pediatric population. The potential effects of lutein in ameliorating conditions associated with increase oxidative stress such as in prematurity will be also addressed. Since consumption of lutein rich foods falls short of government guidelines and in most region of the world infant formulas lack this bioactive, dietary recommendations for pregnant and breastfeeding women and their child can help to bridge the gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Gazzolo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University G. d’Annunzio, 65100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Simonetta Picone
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Policlinico Casilino, 00169 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alberto Gaiero
- Pediatric and Neonatology Unit, asl2 Ospedale San Paolo Savona, 17100 Savona, Italy;
| | - Massimo Bellettato
- Department of Women and Child’s Health, San Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy;
| | - Gerardo Montrone
- S.S.V.D “NIDO E STEN” Ospedali Riuniti Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | | | - Gianluca Lista
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Ospedale dei Bambini V. Buzzi, ASST-FBF-Sacco, 20154 Milan, Italy;
| | - Guido Pellegrini
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Presidio Ospedaliero “Città di Sesto San Giovanni, Sesto san Giovanni, 20099 Milan, Italy;
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12
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McConnell C, Thoene M, Van Ormer M, Furtado JD, Korade Z, Genaro-Mattos TC, Hanson C, Anderson-Berry A. Plasma Concentrations and Maternal-Umbilical Cord Plasma Ratios of the Six Most Prevalent Carotenoids across Five Groups of Birth Gestational Age. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091409. [PMID: 34573041 PMCID: PMC8467757 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are antioxidant nutrients with the potential to provide protection against oxidative stress. Plasma carotenoid concentrations are lower in newborn infants compared to their mothers; however, limited information is available regarding how concentrations differ by gestational age. The objective of this research is to assess maternal and umbilical cord plasma carotenoid concentrations and maternal-umbilical cord plasma ratios across five groups of birth gestational age. Mother-infant dyads were enrolled at delivery for collection of maternal and umbilical cord blood. Plasma carotenoids were analyzed by HPLC and LC-MS/MS. Birth gestational age was categorized into five groups, and the Kruskal–Wallis test compared carotenoid concentrations and maternal-umbilical cord plasma ratios between these groups. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. 370 mother-infant dyads were included, with most infants delivered at early term (20.3%) or term (64.6%). Though maternal plasma concentrations increased with birth gestational age, we observed less variability in umbilical cord plasma concentrations, thus the maternal-umbilical cord plasma ratio also increased with birth CGA groups for lutein + zeaxanthin (p = 0.008), β-cryptoxanthin (p = 0.027), α-carotene (p = 0.030); β-carotene approached significance (p = 0.056). Additional research is needed to determine if carotenoid concentrations were physiologic to varying gestational ages or if they were impacted by factors associated with preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsey McConnell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.M.); (M.V.O.); (Z.K.); (A.A.-B.)
| | - Melissa Thoene
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.M.); (M.V.O.); (Z.K.); (A.A.-B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Matthew Van Ormer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.M.); (M.V.O.); (Z.K.); (A.A.-B.)
| | - Jeremy D. Furtado
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Zeljka Korade
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.M.); (M.V.O.); (Z.K.); (A.A.-B.)
| | | | - Corrine Hanson
- College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Ann Anderson-Berry
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.M.); (M.V.O.); (Z.K.); (A.A.-B.)
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13
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Mate A, Reyes-Goya C, Santana-Garrido Á, Vázquez CM. Lifestyle, Maternal Nutrition and Healthy Pregnancy. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2021; 19:132-140. [PMID: 32234002 DOI: 10.2174/1570161118666200401112955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Healthy lifestyle habits spanning from preconception to postpartum are considered as a major safeguard for achieving successful pregnancies and for the prevention of gestational diseases. Among preconception priorities established by the World Health Organization (WHO) are healthy diet and nutrition, weight management, physical activity, planned pregnancy and physical, mental and psychosocial health. Most studies covering the topic of healthy pregnancies focus on maternal diet because obesity increases the risks for adverse perinatal outcomes, including gestational diabetes mellitus, large for gestational age newborns, or preeclampsia. Thus, foods rich in vegetables, essential and polyunsaturated fats and fibre-rich carbohydrates should be promoted especially in overweight, obese or diabetic women. An adequate intake of micronutrients (e.g. iron, calcium, folate, vitamin D and carotenoids) is also crucial to support pregnancy and breastfeeding. Moderate physical activity throughout pregnancy improves muscle tone and function, besides decreasing the risk of preeclampsia, gestational diabesity (i.e. diabetes associated with obesity) and postpartum overweight. Intervention studies claim that an average of 30 min of exercise/day contributes to long-term benefits for maternal overall health and wellbeing. Other factors such as microbiome modulation, behavioural strategies (e.g. smoking cessation, anxiety/stress reduction and sleep quality), maternal genetics and age, social class and education might also influence the maternal quality of life. These factors contribute to ensure a healthy pregnancy, or at least to reduce the risk of adverse maternal and foetal outcomes during pregnancy and later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Mate
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Claudia Reyes-Goya
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Álvaro Santana-Garrido
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen M Vázquez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
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14
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Addo EK, Gorusupudi A, Allman S, Bernstein PS. The Lutein and Zeaxanthin in Pregnancy (L-ZIP) study-carotenoid supplementation during pregnancy: ocular and systemic effects-study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:300. [PMID: 33888136 PMCID: PMC8063287 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05244-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z), and meso-zeaxanthin (MZ), collectively called the macular pigment (MP), are dietary carotenoids that preferentially localize in the macula of the human eye. MP protects the macula from photo-oxidative damage and enhances visual function. Inadequate maternal intake of carotenoids, coupled with the placental transfer of maternal carotenoids to support fetal brain and retina development, potentially put mothers at risk of depletion systemically and in their ocular tissues. Presently, maternal carotenoid status throughout pregnancy remains poorly characterized, and no prospective randomized controlled trial of L and Z supplementation via prenatal vitamins has assessed maternal and infants’ systemic and ocular carotenoid status during pregnancy. We hypothesize that prenatal maternal carotenoid supplementation will counteract maternal carotenoid depletion during pregnancy and will improve biomarkers of carotenoid status of both mothers and infants. Methods Lutein and Zeaxanthin in Pregnancy (L-ZIP) is a phase 2, single-center, prospective, double-masked, randomized active-controlled clinical trial conducted at the John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. Participants consume a daily standard prenatal multivitamin with no added carotenoids and are randomized (1:1 allocation) to receive either a capsule containing 10 mg L and 2 mg Z in safflower oil (Carotenoid group) or a capsule containing only safflower oil with no added carotenoids (Control group) for a period of 6 to 8 months. Skin, serum, and ocular carotenoids are measured at every study visit (i.e., within the first trimester [baseline], second trimester, third trimester, and 0–2 weeks postpartum). Skin carotenoid assessment is by resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS); serum carotenoid status is quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); and MP is measured with the dual-wavelength autofluorescence. Infants’ MP and foveal anatomy are assessed using RetCam retinal camera and Bioptigen SD-OCT, respectively. The primary outcomes are changes in maternal systemic and ocular carotenoid status during pregnancy. Discussion L-ZIP is the first prospective RCT to investigate maternal carotenoid status throughout pregnancy and to determine whether prenatal maternal carotenoid supplementation will offset maternal carotenoid depletion and improve biomarkers of maternal and infant’s carotenoid status. Findings from L-ZIP will strengthen recommendations regarding prenatal carotenoid supplementation and consequently inform policy decisions. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03750968. Registered on November 23, 2018
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Kofi Addo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Aruna Gorusupudi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Susan Allman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Paul S Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA. .,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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15
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Mahmassani HA, Switkowski KM, Scott TM, Johnson EJ, Rifas-Shiman SL, Oken E, Jacques PF. Maternal Intake of Lutein and Zeaxanthin during Pregnancy Is Positively Associated with Offspring Verbal Intelligence and Behavior Regulation in Mid-Childhood in the Project Viva Cohort. J Nutr 2021; 151:615-627. [PMID: 33484136 PMCID: PMC7948203 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lutein and zeaxanthin are carotenoids associated with better cognition at older age. To our knowledge, no previous study has evaluated their cognitive implications in the prenatal period, when the brain undergoes its most rapid development. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine associations of maternal lutein and zeaxanthin (L/Z) intake during pregnancy with child cognition. DESIGN Among 1580 mother-child pairs in Project Viva, a prospective cohort, we assessed maternal intake of L/Z during pregnancy using food frequency questionnaires and offspring cognition by the Visual Recognition Memory paradigm in infancy, the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and the Wide Range Assessment of Visual Motor Abilities (WRAVMA) in early childhood, and the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (KBIT-II), the WRAVMA drawing subtest, and the Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning in mid-childhood. Parents completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. RESULTS Mothers consumed a daily mean (SD) of 2.6 (2.0) mg L/Z in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. Mean mid-childhood KBIT-II verbal scores were higher with greater maternal L/Z intake [difference of Q4-Q1 means for first trimester: 2.67 (95% CI: 0.13, 5.20) and for second trimester: 3.55 (95% CI: 0.81, 6.28)], indicating better verbal intelligence. Secondary analyses on cognitive subtests showed that mean mid-childhood BRIEF Behavioral Regulation Index scores were lower with greater maternal L/Z intake [difference of Q4-Q1 means for first trimester: -1.63 (95% CI: -3.22, -0.04) and for second trimester: -1.89 (95% CI: -3.58, -0.21)], indicating better behavior regulation ability. CONCLUSIONS Higher maternal L/Z intake during pregnancy was associated with better offspring verbal intelligence and behavior regulation ability in mid-childhood, suggesting a potential benefit during prenatal development. We did not find a benefit of higher maternal L/Z intake on other child cognitive or behavioral outcomes. Project Viva is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02820402.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiya A Mahmassani
- Dorothy J and Gerald R Friedman School of Nutrition and Science Policy at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen M Switkowski
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tammy M Scott
- Dorothy J and Gerald R Friedman School of Nutrition and Science Policy at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Johnson
- Dorothy J and Gerald R Friedman School of Nutrition and Science Policy at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul F Jacques
- Dorothy J and Gerald R Friedman School of Nutrition and Science Policy at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Jean Mayer–USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Thoene M, Van Ormer M, Yuil-Valdes A, Bruett T, Natarajan SK, Mukherjee M, Thompson M, Nordgren TM, Van Lippevelde W, Overby NC, Adu-Bonsaffoh K, Anderson-Berry A, Hanson C. Fat-soluble nutrients and Omega-3 fatty acids as modifiable factors influencing preterm birth risk. Placenta 2020; 98:38-42. [PMID: 33039030 PMCID: PMC7548396 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth is a leading cause of child morbidity and mortality, so strategies to reduce early birth must remain a priority. One key approach to enhancing birth outcomes is improving maternal dietary intake. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to discuss mechanisms on perinatal status of fat-soluble nutrients (carotenoids, retinol, tocopherols) and omega-3 fatty acids and how they impact risk for preterm birth. Literature review demonstrates that maternal dietary intake and biological (blood and placental tissue) levels of fat-soluble nutrients during pregnancy may provide antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory health benefits. Omega-3 fatty acids also promote increased production of specialized pro-resolving mediators, subsequently mediating inflammation resolution. Combined effects of these nutrients support appropriate placental organogenesis and function. Consequently, fat-soluble nutrients and omega-3 fatty acids serve as strong influencers for preterm birth risk. As dietary intake remains a modifiable factor, future intervention would benefit from a focus on optimizing perinatal status of these specific nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Thoene
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Matthew Van Ormer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Ana Yuil-Valdes
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Taylor Bruett
- Department of Nutrition & Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
| | - Sathish Kumar Natarajan
- Department of Nutrition & Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
| | - Maheswari Mukherjee
- Cytotechnology Education, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Maranda Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Tara M Nordgren
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
| | - Wendy Van Lippevelde
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, University of Agder, Post-box 422, N-4604, Kristiansand, Norway; Department of Marketing, Innovation and Organization, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Nina C Overby
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, University of Agder, Post-box 422, N-4604, Kristiansand, Norway.
| | - Kwame Adu-Bonsaffoh
- University of Ghana Medical School, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, P.O. Box GP 4236, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Ann Anderson-Berry
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Corrine Hanson
- Medical Nutrition Education, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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17
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Olmedilla-Alonso B, Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, Beltrán-de-Miguel B, Estévez-Santiago R. Dietary β-Cryptoxanthin and α-Carotene Have Greater Apparent Bioavailability Than β-Carotene in Subjects from Countries with Different Dietary Patterns. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2639. [PMID: 32872544 PMCID: PMC7551262 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
β-carotene, α-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin are greater contributors to vitamin A intake than retinol in the human diet for most people around the world. Their contribution depends on several factors, including bioavailability and capacity of conversion into retinol. There is an increasing body of research showing that the use of retinol activity equivalents or retinol equivalents could lead to the underestimation of the contribution of β-cryptoxanthin and of α-carotene. The aim is to assess their apparent bioavailability by comparing concentrations in blood to their dietary intakes and identifying the major food contributors to their dietary intake. Dietary intake (3-day 24-h records) and serum concentrations (by HPLC) were calculated in normolipemic subjects with adequate retinol status (≥1.1 µmol/L) from our studies (n = 633) and apparent bioavailability calculated from 22 other studies (n = 29,700). Apparent bioavailability was calculated as the ratio of concentration in the blood to carotenoid intake. Apparent bioavailabilities for α-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin were compared to those for β-carotene. Eating comparable amounts of α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene foods resulted in 55% greater α-carotene (95% CI 35, 90) and 686% higher β-cryptoxanthin (95% CI 556, 1016) concentrations than β-carotene in blood. This suggests differences in the apparent bioavailability of α-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin and even larger differences with β-cryptoxanthin, greater than that of β-carotene. Four fruits (tomato, orange, tangerine, red pepper) and two vegetables (carrot, spinach) are the main contributors to their dietary intake (>50%) in Europeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Olmedilla-Alonso
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Elena Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Beatriz Beltrán-de-Miguel
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rocío Estévez-Santiago
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Faculty of Experimental Science, Francisco de Vitoria University, 28223 Madrid, Spain
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18
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Beluska-Turkan K, Korczak R, Hartell B, Moskal K, Maukonen J, Alexander DE, Salem N, Harkness L, Ayad W, Szaro J, Zhang K, Siriwardhana N. Nutritional Gaps and Supplementation in the First 1000 Days. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2891. [PMID: 31783636 PMCID: PMC6949907 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimized nutrition during the first 1000 days (from conception through the 2nd birthday) is critical for healthy development and a healthy life for the newborn. Pregnancy and the postpartum period are accompanied by physiological changes, increased energy needs, and changing requirements in the nutrients critical for optimal growth and development. Infants and toddlers also experience physiological changes and have specific nutritional needs. Food and nutrition experts can provide women of childbearing age with adequate dietary advice to optimize nutrition, as well as guidance on selecting appropriate dietary supplements. Considering the approaching 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) will be making specific recommendations for children, it is important to provide accurate scientific information to support health influencers in the field of nutrition. The purpose of this review is to summarize the nutrition and supplementation literature for the first 1000 days; to highlight nutritional and knowledge gaps; and to educate nutrition influencers to provide thoughtful guidance to mothers and families. Optimal nutrition during pregnancy through early childhood is critical for supporting a healthy life. Nutrition influencers, such as dietitians, obstetricians/gynecologists, and other relevant health professionals, should continue guiding supplement and food intake and work closely with expectant families and nutrition gatekeepers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Beluska-Turkan
- Church & Dwight, Co., Inc., Product Development Nutritional Sciences, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; (K.B.-T.); (K.M.); (L.H.); (W.A.); (J.S.); (K.Z.)
| | - Renee Korczak
- Premier Nutrition, LLC, Bernardsville, NJ 07924, USA;
| | - Beth Hartell
- PearTree Nutrition, LLC, Seattle, WA 98115, USA;
| | - Kristin Moskal
- Church & Dwight, Co., Inc., Product Development Nutritional Sciences, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; (K.B.-T.); (K.M.); (L.H.); (W.A.); (J.S.); (K.Z.)
| | | | | | - Norman Salem
- DSM Nutritional Products, Columbia, MD 21045, USA;
| | - Laura Harkness
- Church & Dwight, Co., Inc., Product Development Nutritional Sciences, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; (K.B.-T.); (K.M.); (L.H.); (W.A.); (J.S.); (K.Z.)
| | - Wafaa Ayad
- Church & Dwight, Co., Inc., Product Development Nutritional Sciences, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; (K.B.-T.); (K.M.); (L.H.); (W.A.); (J.S.); (K.Z.)
| | - Jacalyn Szaro
- Church & Dwight, Co., Inc., Product Development Nutritional Sciences, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; (K.B.-T.); (K.M.); (L.H.); (W.A.); (J.S.); (K.Z.)
| | - Kelly Zhang
- Church & Dwight, Co., Inc., Product Development Nutritional Sciences, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; (K.B.-T.); (K.M.); (L.H.); (W.A.); (J.S.); (K.Z.)
| | - Nalin Siriwardhana
- Church & Dwight, Co., Inc., Product Development Nutritional Sciences, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; (K.B.-T.); (K.M.); (L.H.); (W.A.); (J.S.); (K.Z.)
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