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Zhang Q, Hu S, Jin Z, Wang S, Zhang B, Zhao L. Mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in elderly diabetes mellitus and a systematic review of its clinical application. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1339148. [PMID: 38510656 PMCID: PMC10953506 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1339148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Affected by aging, the elderly diabetes patients have many pathological characteristics different from the young people, including more complications, vascular aging, cognitive impairment, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia. This article will explore their pathogenesis and the mechanism of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) intervention, and use the method of systematic review to evaluate the clinical application of TCM in elderly diabetes. Method: Searching for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from January 2000 to November 2023 in the following databases: Web of Science, Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Sinomed, China National Knowledge Internet, Wanfang and VIP. They were evaluated by three subgroups of Traditional Chinese Prescription, Traditional Chinese patent medicines and Traditional Chinese medicine extracts for their common prescriptions, drugs, adverse reactions and the quality of them. Results and Conclusion: TCM has the advantages of multi-target and synergistic treatment in the treatment of elderly diabetes. However, current clinical researches have shortcomings including the inclusion of age criteria and diagnosis of subjects are unclear, imprecise research design, non-standard intervention measures, and its safety needs further exploration. In the future, the diagnosis of elderly people with diabetes needs to be further clarified. Traditional Chinese patent medicines included in the pharmacopoeia can be used to conduct more rigorous RCTs, and then gradually standardize the traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions and traditional Chinese medicine extracts, providing higher level evidence for the treatment of elderly diabetes with traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiwan Hu
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zishan Jin
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sicheng Wang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boxun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ratajczak M, Krzywicka M, Szulińska M, Musiałowska D, Kusy K, Karolkiewicz J. Effects of 12-Week Combined Strength and Endurance Circuit Training Program on Insulin Sensitivity and Retinol-Binding Protein 4 in Women with Insulin-Resistance and Overweight or Mild Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:93-106. [PMID: 38204866 PMCID: PMC10778163 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s432954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Circuit training is an exercise mode, that may include both endurance and resistance components. There are premises that a combination of these two modalities brings additional benefits, particularly in improving insulin sensitivity. The retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) may inhibit signaling from insulin metabolic pathways in skeletal muscles, thus developing insulin resistance. This study aimed to evaluate whether moderate intensity circuit training combining strength and endurance exercise induces changes in tissue insulin sensitivity, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and serum RBP4 levels in insulin-resistant women. Methods In this clinical controlled trial women diagnosed with insulin-resistance were randomly divided into two groups. The training group (T) performed circuit training combining strength (50%-80%1RM) and endurance (50%-75%HRR) exercise on five weight and two cardio machines, for 33 minutes, three times per week, for 3 months. Women from the control non-training group (NT) did not change their previous physical activity. At the beginning of the study and after the intervention period, a one-repetition maximum, body mass, and composition, resting heart rate (HR), blood pressure, glucose, insulin, blood lipids, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), RBP4, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were measured. The results of 27 patients were analyzed using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA. Results Significant differences in the pattern of change over time between the groups for resting HR (p < 0.010) and total lean mass (p < 0.039) were found. No differences in HOMA-IR, and RBP4 were observed post-study compared to pre-study in the T group. A significant correlation between RBP4 and TSH concentration was found. Conclusion Twelve-week circuit training combining strength and endurance exercise has minor effects on HOMA-IR, glucose and lipid metabolism, IGF-1, TSH, and RBP4. Although moderate-intensity circuit training is considered safe, its effectiveness in patients with overweight and mild obesity may be insufficient to reduce insulin resistance. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04528693, registered August 23, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Ratajczak
- Department of Medical Biology, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, 61-871, Poland
| | - Monika Krzywicka
- Department of Cardiological and Rheumatological Rehabilitation, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, 61-871, Poland
| | - Monika Szulińska
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
| | - Dominika Musiałowska
- Insulin Resistance Foundation – Healthy Diet and Healthy Life, Poznan, 61-379, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kusy
- Department of Athletics Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, 61-871, Poland
| | - Joanna Karolkiewicz
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, 61-871, Poland
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Yoo TK, Han KD, Kim YH, Nam GE, Park SH, Rhee EJ, Lee WY. Differential Impact of Obesity on the Risk of Diabetes Development in Two Age Groups: Analysis from the National Health Screening Program. Diabetes Metab J 2023; 47:846-858. [PMID: 37915188 PMCID: PMC10695711 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND The effect of obesity on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in different age groups remains unclear. We assessed the impact of obesity on the development of DM for two age groups (40-year-old, middle age; 66-year-old, older adults) in the Korean population. METHODS We analyzed Korean National Health Insurance Service data of 4,145,321 Korean adults with 40- and 66-year-old age without DM, between 2009 and 2014. Participants were followed up until 2017 or until the diagnosis of DM. We assessed the risk of DM based on the body mass index and waist circumference of the participants. Multiple confounding factors were adjusted. RESULTS The median follow-up duration was 5.6 years. The association of general and abdominal obesity with the risk of DM development was stronger in the 40-year-old group (general obesity: hazard ratio [HR], 3.566, 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.512 to 3.622; abdominal obesity: HR, 3.231; 95% CI, 3.184 to 3.278) than in the 66-year-old group (general obesity: HR, 1.739; 95% CI, 1.719 to 1.759; abdominal obesity: HR, 1.799; 95% CI, 1.778 to 1.820). In the 66-year-old group, abdominal obesity had a stronger association with the development of DM as compared to general obesity. In the 40-year-old group, general obesity had a stronger association with the risk of DM development than abdominal obesity. CONCLUSION The influence of general and abdominal obesity on the development of DM differed according to age. In older adults, abdominal obesity had a stronger association with DM development than general obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Kyung Yoo
- Department of Medicine, MetroWest Medical Center, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Kyung-Do Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang-Hyun Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ga Eun Nam
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Park
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Rhee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Young Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
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Alabadi B, Civera M, De la Rosa A, Martinez-Hervas S, Gomez-Cabrera MC, Real JT. Low Muscle Mass Is Associated with Poorer Glycemic Control and Higher Oxidative Stress in Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2023; 15:3167. [PMID: 37513585 PMCID: PMC10383462 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Body composition changes that occur during aging, such as loss of lean mass, are unfavorable at metabolic level and they can explain, in part, the appearance of certain age-associated diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Separately, T2D is associated with an increase in oxidative stress (OS) which negatively affects skeletal muscle. Our aim was to study the differences in clinical and nutritional parameters, disease control, and OS in a cohort of older patients with T2D classified according to the amount of lean mass they had. We included 100 adults older than 65 years with T2D. We found that women with low fat-free mass and muscle mass have worse T2D metabolic control. Moreover, the patients with a low percentile of muscle mass present a high value of OS. The study shows that the presence of low lean mass (LM) in the geriatric population diagnosed with T2D is associated with poorer glycemic control and greater OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Alabadi
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Civera
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Adrián De la Rosa
- Laboratory of Applied Sciences of Sport and Innovation Research Group (GICED), Unidades Tecnológicas de Santander (UTS), Bucaramanga 680006, Colombia
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio Martinez-Hervas
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mari Carmen Gomez-Cabrera
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José T Real
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Hariri A, Mirian M, Zarrabi A, Kohandel M, Amini-Pozveh M, Aref AR, Tabatabaee A, Prabhakar PK, Sivakumar PM. The circadian rhythm: an influential soundtrack in the diabetes story. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1156757. [PMID: 37441501 PMCID: PMC10333930 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1156757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has been the main category of metabolic diseases in recent years due to changes in lifestyle and environmental conditions such as diet and physical activity. On the other hand, the circadian rhythm is one of the most significant biological pathways in humans and other mammals, which is affected by light, sleep, and human activity. However, this cycle is controlled via complicated cellular pathways with feedback loops. It is widely known that changes in the circadian rhythm can alter some metabolic pathways of body cells and could affect the treatment process, particularly for metabolic diseases like T2DM. The aim of this study is to explore the importance of the circadian rhythm in the occurrence of T2DM via reviewing the metabolic pathways involved, their relationship with the circadian rhythm from two perspectives, lifestyle and molecular pathways, and their effect on T2DM pathophysiology. These impacts have been demonstrated in a variety of studies and led to the development of approaches such as time-restricted feeding, chronotherapy (time-specific therapies), and circadian molecule stabilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirali Hariri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mina Mirian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mohammad Kohandel
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Maryam Amini-Pozveh
- Department of Prosthodontics Dentistry, Dental Materials Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc., Boston, MA, United States
| | - Aliye Tabatabaee
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Pranav Kumar Prabhakar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
- Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara Punjab, India
| | - Ponnurengam Malliappan Sivakumar
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
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Sizoo D, Stam SP, de Heide LJM, Emous M, van Zutphen T, van Dijk PR, van Beek AP. The association of low muscle mass with prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes in different BMI classes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 195:110197. [PMID: 36464089 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate whether muscle mass is associated with the prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes and whether this association differs within men and women of normal weight, overweight or obesity. METHODS Adult participants were included from the Lifelines cohort study. Low muscle mass was defined as < -1SD of the gender-stratified creatinine excretion rate (CER). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between muscle mass and the prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes. RESULTS Muscle mass was associated with the prevalence of type 2 diabetes both in men and in women (OR 1.51 [95 %CI 1.32-1.72]; P < 0.001 and OR 1.53 [1.36 - 1.73]; P < 0.001). Incident type 2 diabetes was associated with a decreased muscle mass for both men and women (male; OR 1.22 [1.05 - 1.43]; P = 0.01 and female; OR 1.36 [1.17 - 1.59]; P < 0.001), and remained significant after adjustments in normal weight women (OR 1.77 [1.16-2.70]; P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Both a low muscle mass and loss of muscle mass are associated with the prevalence and incidence of diabetes in the general population. This association is strongest in people with normal weight, and weakens in people within higher BMI subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionne Sizoo
- Department of Sustainable Health, Campus Fryslân, University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands; Center Obesity Northern Netherlands (CON), Department of Surgery, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands.
| | - Suzanne P Stam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Loek J M de Heide
- Center Obesity Northern Netherlands (CON), Department of Surgery, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Marloes Emous
- Center Obesity Northern Netherlands (CON), Department of Surgery, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Tim van Zutphen
- Department of Sustainable Health, Campus Fryslân, University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter R van Dijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - André P van Beek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Mojsak P, Maliszewska K, Klimaszewska P, Miniewska K, Godzien J, Sieminska J, Kretowski A, Ciborowski M. Optimization of a GC-MS method for the profiling of microbiota-dependent metabolites in blood samples: An application to type 2 diabetes and prediabetes. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:982672. [PMID: 36213115 PMCID: PMC9538375 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.982672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in serum or plasma metabolome may reflect gut microbiota dysbiosis, which is also known to occur in patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Thus, developing a robust method for the analysis of microbiota-dependent metabolites (MDMs) is an important issue. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC–MS) is a powerful approach enabling detection of a wide range of MDMs in biofluid samples with good repeatability and reproducibility, but requires selection of a suitable solvents and conditions. For this reason, we conducted for the first time the study in which, we demonstrated an optimisation of samples preparation steps for the measurement of 75 MDMs in two matrices. Different solvents or mixtures of solvents for MDMs extraction, various concentrations and volumes of derivatizing reagents as well as temperature programs at methoxymation and silylation step, were tested. The stability, repeatability and reproducibility of the 75 MDMs measurement were assessed by determining the relative standard deviation (RSD). Finally, we used the developed method to analyse serum samples from 18 prediabetic (PreDiab group) and 24 T2DM patients (T2DM group) from our 1000PLUS cohort. The study groups were homogeneous and did not differ in age and body mass index. To select statistically significant metabolites, T2DM vs. PreDiab comparison was performed using multivariate statistics. Our experiment revealed changes in 18 MDMs belonging to different classes of compounds, and seven of them, based on the SVM classification model, were selected as a panel of potential biomarkers, able to distinguish between patients with T2DM and prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Mojsak
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Maliszewska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Miniewska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Godzien
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Julia Sieminska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michal Ciborowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- *Correspondence: Michal Ciborowski,
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Different Protein Sources Enhance 18FDG-PET/MR Uptake of Brown Adipocytes in Male Subjects. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163411. [PMID: 36014915 PMCID: PMC9413993 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The unique ability of brown adipocytes to increase metabolic rate suggests that they could be targeted as an obesity treatment. Objective: The objective of the study was to search for new dietary factors that may enhance brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity. Methods: The study group comprised 28 healthy non-smoking males, aged 21–42 years old. All volunteers underwent a physical examination and a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (75g-OGTT). Serum atrial and brain natriuretic peptide (ANP, BNP), PRD1-BF1-RIZ1 homologous domain containing 16 (PRDM16) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) measurements were taken, and 3-day food intake diaries were completed. Body composition measurements were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning and bioimpedance methods. An fluorodeoxyglucose-18 (FDG-18) uptake in BAT was assessed by positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) in all participants after 2 h cold exposure. The results were adjusted for age, daily energy intake, and DXA lean mass. Results: Subjects with detectable BAT (BAT(+)) were characterized by a higher percentage of energy obtained from dietary protein and fat and higher muscle mass (p = 0.01, p = 0.02 and p = 0.04, respectively). In the BAT(+) group, animal protein intake was positively associated (p= 0.04), whereas the plant protein intake negatively correlated with BAT activity (p = 0.03). Additionally, the presence of BAT was inversely associated with BNP concentration in the 2 h of cold exposure (p = 0.002). Conclusion: The outcomes of our study suggest that different macronutrient consumption may be a new way to modulate BAT activity leading to weight reduction.
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PET/MRI-evaluated brown adipose tissue activity may be related to dietary MUFA and omega-6 fatty acids intake. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4112. [PMID: 35260768 PMCID: PMC8904502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An investigation of new ways to activate brown adipose tissue (BAT) is highly valuable, as it is a possible tool for obesity prevention and treatment. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationships between dietary intake and BAT activity. The study group comprised 28 healthy non-smoking males aged 21–42 years. All volunteers underwent a physical examination and 75-g OGTT and completed 3-day food intake diaries to evaluate macronutrients and fatty acid intake. Body composition measurements were assessed using DXA scanning. An FDG-18 PET/MR was performed to visualize BAT activity. Brown adipose tissue was detected in 18 subjects (67% normal-weight individuals and 33% overweight/obese). The presence of BAT corresponded with a lower visceral adipose tissue (VAT) content (p = 0.04, after adjustment for age, daily kcal intake, and DXA Lean mass). We noted significantly lower omega-6 fatty acids (p = 0.03) and MUFA (p = 0.02) intake in subjects with detected BAT activity after adjustment for age, daily average kcal intake, and DXA Lean mass, whereas omega-3 fatty acids intake was comparable between the two groups. BAT presence was positively associated with the concentration of serum IL-6 (p = 0.01) during cold exposure. Our results show that BAT activity may be related to daily omega-6 fatty acids intake.
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Czajkowski P, Adamska-Patruno E, Bauer W, Krasowska U, Fiedorczuk J, Moroz M, Gorska M, Kretowski A. Dietary Fiber Intake May Influence the Impact of FTO Genetic Variants on Obesity Parameters and Lipid Profile-A Cohort Study of a Caucasian Population of Polish Origin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111793. [PMID: 34829664 PMCID: PMC8614705 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and environmental factors play a key role in the development of obesity. The aim of this study was to explore the potential effect of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) rs3751812, rs8050136, rs9939609, rs6499640, rs8044769, and rs7190492 genotypes and dietary fiber intake on the obesity-related parameters and lipid profile in the Polish population. We selected 819 Polish Caucasian adult subjects (52.5% female and 47.5% male) for a final gene–diet interaction analysis, with mean BMI 28.5 (±6.6) kg/m2. We performed measurements of anthropometric parameters, total body fat content and distribution, and blood glucose, insulin, and lipid concentrations. Daily fiber intake was analyzed based on 3-day food-intake diaries, and daily physical activity was evaluated based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire—Long Form. Our study shows that carriers of the GG genotype (rs3751812), CC genotype (rs8050136), and GG genotype (rs6499640) presented lower hip circumference if daily fiber intake was above 18 g per day. Additionally, GG genotype (rs3751812) and CC genotype (rs8050136) carriers showed surprisingly higher total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels when they were stratified to the group with higher than median fiber intake. The results of this study highlight that high-fiber diets may positively affect anthropometric parameters but may also worsen lipid profile dependent on the FTO genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Czajkowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Department of Nutriomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (W.B.); (U.K.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (E.A.-P.)
| | - Edyta Adamska-Patruno
- Clinical Research Centre, Department of Nutriomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (W.B.); (U.K.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (E.A.-P.)
| | - Witold Bauer
- Clinical Research Centre, Department of Nutriomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (W.B.); (U.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Urszula Krasowska
- Clinical Research Centre, Department of Nutriomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (W.B.); (U.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Joanna Fiedorczuk
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok Clinical Hospital, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (J.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Monika Moroz
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok Clinical Hospital, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (J.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Gorska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Department of Nutriomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (W.B.); (U.K.); (A.K.)
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok Clinical Hospital, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (J.F.); (M.M.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland;
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11
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Shahid S, Akhter Z, Sukaina M, Sohail F, Nasir F. Association of Diabetes With Lower Back Pain: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2021; 13:e15776. [PMID: 34295586 PMCID: PMC8291343 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus with its increasing prevalence is one of the four major non-communicable diseases. It is characterized by hyperglycemia, which may progress to chronic complications such as peripheral vascular disease and neuropathy. This paper highlights the pathophysiology associated with diabetes, which is restricted to not only hyperglycemia but also other comorbidities including chronic lower back pain. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder associated with hypercholesteremia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension. This chain of events leads to free plasma fatty acids and a pro-inflammatory state, therefore promoting calcification of blood vessels, which may block the blood supply to vertebral discs and thereby increase vulnerability in the patients with ongoing inflammatory disease such as osteoarthritis and also causing costochondritis. Functional limitation due to increased load on the weight-bearing joints is a common mechanical complication of diabetes. Obesity in diabetes is more prevalent due to a disturbed metabolism, which is aggravated with a persistent inflammatory state. Moreover, the aim of this review is to encourage further conduction of clinical studies to explore the definite cause and potential therapy for chronic lower back pain in diabetes, thereby investigating the association of lipid metabolism and skeletal muscle atrophy leading to chronic back pain, the role of diabetic medications, and vulnerability in the female gender. Diminished physical activity and depression in diabetic patients disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA), which further contributes to lower back pain. Further clinical investigation and research in this regard will establish substantial data for the linkage between depression in diabetes and back pain. However, despite all the advancements of medical literature, the exact cause of lower back pain in diabetes is arguable. Pain impedes the health status and life quality; therefore, it is essential to maintain the quality of health in patients with diabetes by treating not only hyperglycemia but also other multifactorial causes leading to lower back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehroz Shahid
- Department of Medicine, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Zohaib Akhter
- Department of Clinical Trials Unit, University of York, York, GBR
| | - Mahnoor Sukaina
- Department of Medicine, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Fatima Sohail
- Department of Medicine, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Faseeha Nasir
- Department of Medicine, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, PAK
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12
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Dietary Macronutrient Intake May Influence the Effects of TCF7L2 rs7901695 Genetic Variants on Glucose Homeostasis and Obesity-Related Parameters: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061936. [PMID: 34200102 PMCID: PMC8230266 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor-7–like 2 (TCF7L2) is one of the most important susceptibility genes for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of our cross-sectional population-based study was to analyze whether daily macronutrient intake may influence the effects of the TCF7L2 rs7901695 genotype on glucose homeostasis and obesity-related parameters. We recruited 810 participants (47.5% men and 52.5% women), 18–79 years old (mean age, 42.1 (±14.5) years), who were genotyped for the common TCF7L2 rs7901695 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and anthropometric measurements, body composition, body fat distribution (visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) content), blood glucose and insulin concentrations after fasting and during OGTTs, and HbA1c were assessed. The VAT/SAT ratio, HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance), HOMA-B (homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function), and CIR30 (corrected insulin response) were calculated. The daily macronutrient intake was evaluated based on 3-day food-intake diaries. Daily physical activity was evaluated based on a validated questionnaire. We performed ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis tests, and multivariate linear regression models were created to evaluate the effects of dietary macronutrient intake on glucose homeostasis and obesity-related parameters in carriers of the investigated genotypes. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03792685. The TT-genotype carriers stratified to the upper protein intake quantiles presented higher HbA1c levels than the CT- and CC-genotype participants in the same quantiles (p = 0.038 and p = 0.022, respectively). Moreover, we observed higher HOMA-IR (p = 0.014), as well as significantly higher blood glucose and insulin concentrations, during the OGTTs for those in the upper quantiles, when compared to subjects from the lower quantiles of protein intake, while the CC-genotype carriers presented significantly lower HbA1c (p = 0.033) and significantly higher CIR30 (p = 0.03). The linear regression models revealed that an increase in energy derived from proteins in TT carriers was associated with higher HbA1c levels (β = 0.37 (95% CI: 0.01–0.74, p = 0.05)), although, in general, carrying the TT genotype, but without considering protein intake, showed an opposite tendency—to lower HbA1c levels (β = −0.22 (95% CI: 0.47 to −0.01, p = 0.05). Among the subjects stratified to the lower quantile of carbohydrate intake, the TT-genotype individuals presented higher HbA1c (p = 0.041), and the CC-genotype subjects presented higher VAT (p = 0.033), lower SAT (p = 0.033), and higher VAT/SAT ratios (p = 0.034). In both the CC- and TT-genotype carriers, we noted higher VAT (p = 0.012 and p = 0.0006, respectively), lower SAT (p = 0.012 and p = 0.0006, respectively) and higher VAT/SAT ratios (p = 0.016 and p = 0.00062, respectively) when dietary fat provided more than 30% of total daily energy intake, without any differences in total body fat content. Our findings suggest that associations of the common TCF7L2 SNP with glucose homeostasis and obesity-related parameters may be dependent on daily macronutrient intake, which warrants further investigations in a larger population, as well as interventional studies.
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Buscemi C, Ferro Y, Pujia R, Mazza E, Boragina G, Sciacqua A, Piro S, Pujia A, Sesti G, Buscemi S, Montalcini T. Sarcopenia and Appendicular Muscle Mass as Predictors of Impaired Fasting Glucose/Type 2 Diabetes in Elderly Women. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061909. [PMID: 34199375 PMCID: PMC8227668 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Elderly women exhibit a high risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but no definitive data exist about the possible role of postmenopausal increases in visceral adiposity, the loss of lean body mass, or decreases in the sum of the lean mass of arms and legs (appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM)). This retrospective, longitudinal study investigated whether body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis) predicted the development of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or T2D in a cohort of 159 elderly women (age: 71 ± 5 years, follow-up: 94 months) from southern Italy (Clinical Nutrition and Geriatric Units of the “Mater Domini” University Hospital in Catanzaro, Calabria region, and the “P. Giaccone ”University Hospital in Palermo, Sicily region). Sarcopenia was defined in a subgroup of 128 women according to the EWGSOP criteria as the presence of low muscle strength (handgrip strength <16 kg) plus low muscle mass (reported as appendicular skeletal muscle mass <15 kg). Participants with a low ASMM had a higher IFG/T2D incidence than those with a normal ASMM (17% vs. 6%, p-adjusted = 0.044); this finding was independent of BMI, fat mass, waist circumference, and habitual fat intake (OR = 3.81, p = 0.034). A higher incidence of IFG/T2D was observed in the subgroup with sarcopenia than those without sarcopenia (33% vs. 7%, p-adjusted = 0.005) independent of BMI and fat mass (OR = 6.75, p = 0.007). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that elderly women with low ASMM had a higher probability of developing IFG/T2D. Further studies are needed to confirm these results in men and in other age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Buscemi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Postgraduate Specialization School in Geriatrics, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (C.B.); (S.P.)
- Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, AOU Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Yvelise Ferro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (Y.F.); (R.P.); (E.M.); (G.B.); (A.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Roberta Pujia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (Y.F.); (R.P.); (E.M.); (G.B.); (A.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Elisa Mazza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (Y.F.); (R.P.); (E.M.); (G.B.); (A.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Giada Boragina
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (Y.F.); (R.P.); (E.M.); (G.B.); (A.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Angela Sciacqua
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (Y.F.); (R.P.); (E.M.); (G.B.); (A.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Salvatore Piro
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Postgraduate Specialization School in Geriatrics, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (C.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Arturo Pujia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (Y.F.); (R.P.); (E.M.); (G.B.); (A.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Giorgio Sesti
- Dipartimento di Medicina clinica e molecolare, Università la Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy;
| | - Silvio Buscemi
- Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, AOU Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Tiziana Montalcini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Grecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence:
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14
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LeCroy MN, Hua S, Kaplan RC, Sotres-Alvarez D, Qi Q, Thyagarajan B, Gallo LC, Pirzada A, Daviglus ML, Schneiderman N, Talavera GA, Isasi CR. Associations of changes in fat free mass with risk for type 2 diabetes: Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 171:108557. [PMID: 33242517 PMCID: PMC8425264 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine whether loss of muscle mass (approximated using fat free mass [FFM]) is associated with risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Hispanic/Latino adults in the United States. METHODS Participants were Hispanic/Latino adults (18-74-year-olds) who completed Visit 2 of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL; multi-site, prospective cohort study; 6.1-year follow-up) and did not have T2DM at baseline (n = 6264). At baseline and Visit 2, FFM was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis and fasting glucose, HbA1c, and fasting insulin were measured by examiners. Diabetes was defined according to American Diabetes Association criteria. Survey-weighted Poisson regression models examined the association of percent change in relative FFM (%ΔFFM) with incident prediabetes and T2DM. Survey-weighted multivariable regression models examined associations of %ΔFFM with changes in glucose and insulin measures. RESULTS Relative FFM declined by 2.1% between visits. %ΔFFM was inversely associated with incident prediabetes (p-for-trend = 0.001) and with changes in glucose and insulin measures (p-for-trend <0.0001). Findings were null, except for HOMA-IR, after adjustment for changes in adiposity measures. Associations were generally stronger for individuals with baseline overweight/obesity. CONCLUSIONS Reducing loss of FFM during adulthood may reduce prediabetes risk (primarily insulin resistance), particularly among individuals with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N LeCroy
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, United States.
| | - S Hua
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - R C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - D Sotres-Alvarez
- Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 123 W Franklin Street, CB #8030, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, United States
| | - Q Qi
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - B Thyagarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street Southeast, MMC 609, Mayo 8609, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - L C Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 780 Bay Blvd, Suite 200, Chula Vista, CA 91010, United States
| | - A Pirzada
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S Wolcott Ave, Mailbox 23, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - M L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S Wolcott Ave, Mailbox 23, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - N Schneiderman
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, PO Box 248185, Coral Gables, FL 33124, United States
| | - G A Talavera
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 780 Bay Blvd, Suite 200, Chula Vista, CA 91010, United States
| | - C R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
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15
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The Impact of FTO Genetic Variants on Obesity and Its Metabolic Consequences is Dependent on Daily Macronutrient Intake. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113255. [PMID: 33114268 PMCID: PMC7690875 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have identified the various fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) genetic variants associated with obesity and its metabolic consequences; however, the impact of dietary factors on these associations remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between FTO single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), daily macronutrient intake, and obesity and its metabolic consequences. From 1549 Caucasian subjects of Polish origin, genotyped for the FTO SNPs (rs3751812, rs8044769, rs8050136, and rs9939609), 819 subjects were selected for gene–diet interaction analysis. Anthropometric measurements were performed and total body fat content and distribution, blood glucose and insulin concentration during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and lipid profile were determined. Macronutrient intake was analyzed based on three-day food records, and daily physical activity levels were evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Long Form (IPAQ-LF). Our study shows that carriers of the GG genotype of rs3751812 presented lower body weight, body mass index (BMI), total body fat content, and hip and waist circumference and presented lower obesity-related markers if more than 48% of daily energy intake was derived from carbohydrates and lower subcutaneous and visceral fat content when energy intake derived from dietary fat did not exceed 30%. Similar results were observed for rs8050136 CC genotype carriers. We did not notice any significant differences in obesity markers between genotypes of rs8044769, but we did observe a significant impact of diet-gene associations. Body weight and BMI were significantly higher in TT and CT genotype carriers if daily energy intake derived from carbohydrates was less than 48%. Moreover, in TT genotype carriers, we observed higher blood glucose concentration while fasting and during the OGTT test if more than 18% of total energy intake was derived from proteins. In conclusion, our results indicate that daily macronutrient intake may modulate the impact of FTO genetic SNPs on obesity and obesity-related metabolic consequences.
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16
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Mechanisms of the Regulation and Dysregulation of Glucagon Secretion. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3089139. [PMID: 32774668 PMCID: PMC7396046 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3089139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon, a hormone secreted by pancreatic alpha cells, contributes to the maintenance of normal blood glucose concentration by inducing hepatic glucose production in response to declining blood glucose. However, glucagon hypersecretion contributes to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Moreover, diabetes is associated with relative glucagon undersecretion at low blood glucose and oversecretion at normal and high blood glucose. The mechanisms of such alpha cell dysfunctions are not well understood. This article reviews the genesis of alpha cell dysfunctions during the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and after the onset of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It unravels a signaling pathway that contributes to glucose- or hydrogen peroxide-induced glucagon secretion, whose overstimulation contributes to glucagon dysregulation, partly through oxidative stress and reduced ATP synthesis. The signaling pathway involves phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, protein kinase B, protein kinase C delta, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src, and phospholipase C gamma-1. This knowledge will be useful in the design of new antidiabetic agents or regimens.
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Paczkowska-Abdulsalam M, Niemira M, Bielska A, Szałkowska A, Raczkowska BA, Junttila S, Gyenesei A, Adamska-Patruno E, Maliszewska K, Citko A, Szczerbiński Ł, Krętowski A. Evaluation of Transcriptomic Regulations behind Metabolic Syndrome in Obese and Lean Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041455. [PMID: 32093387 PMCID: PMC7073064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple mechanisms have been suggested to confer to the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome (MetS), however despite great interest from the scientific community, the exact contribution of each of MetS risk factors still remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate molecular signatures in peripheral blood of individuals affected by MetS and different degrees of obesity. Metabolic health of 1204 individuals from 1000PLUS cohort was assessed, and 32 subjects were recruited to four study groups: MetS lean, MetS obese, “healthy obese”, and healthy lean. Whole-blood transcriptome next generation sequencing with functional data analysis were carried out. MetS obese and MetS lean study participants showed the upregulation of genes involved in inflammation and coagulation processes: granulocyte adhesion and diapedesis (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0063), prothrombin activation pathway (p = 0.0032, p = 0.0091), coagulation system (p = 0.0010, p = 0.0155). The results for “healthy obese” indicate enrichment in molecules associated with protein synthesis (p < 0.0001), mitochondrial dysfunction (p < 0.0001), and oxidative phosphorylation (p < 0.0001). Our results suggest that MetS is related to the state of inflammation and vascular system changes independent of excess body weight. Furthermore, “healthy obese”, despite not fulfilling the criteria for MetS diagnosis, seems to display an intermediate state with a lower degree of metabolic abnormalities, before they proceed to a full blown MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Paczkowska-Abdulsalam
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-831-81-59
| | - Magdalena Niemira
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bielska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Szałkowska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Beata Anna Raczkowska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Sini Junttila
- Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Attila Gyenesei
- Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Edyta Adamska-Patruno
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Maliszewska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Citko
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szczerbiński
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Adam Krętowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
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Musci RV, Hamilton KL, Linden MA. Exercise-Induced Mitohormesis for the Maintenance of Skeletal Muscle and Healthspan Extension. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:E170. [PMID: 31336753 PMCID: PMC6681340 DOI: 10.3390/sports7070170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage is one mechanism linking aging with chronic diseases including the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function called sarcopenia. Thus, mitigating oxidative damage is a potential avenue to prevent or delay the onset of chronic disease and/or extend healthspan. Mitochondrial hormesis (mitohormesis) occurs when acute exposure to stress stimulates adaptive mitochondrial responses that improve mitochondrial function and resistance to stress. For example, an acute oxidative stress via mitochondrial superoxide production stimulates the activation of endogenous antioxidant gene transcription regulated by the redox sensitive transcription factor Nrf2, resulting in an adaptive hormetic response. In addition, acute stresses such as aerobic exercise stimulate the expansion of skeletal muscle mitochondria (i.e., mitochondrial biogenesis), constituting a mitohormetic response that protects from sarcopenia through a variety of mechanisms. This review summarized the effects of age-related declines in mitochondrial and redox homeostasis on skeletal muscle protein homeostasis and highlights the mitohormetic mechanisms by which aerobic exercise mitigates these age-related declines and maintains function. We discussed the potential efficacy of targeting the Nrf2 signaling pathway, which partially mediates adaptation to aerobic exercise, to restore mitochondrial and skeletal muscle function. Finally, we highlight knowledge gaps related to improving redox signaling and make recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert V Musci
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Karyn L Hamilton
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Melissa A Linden
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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