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Sun Y, Zhang X, Han W, Liao W, Huang J, Chen Y, Li H, Chen X, Huang Q, Zhou R, Li L. Dietary supplementation with a novel acidifier sodium diformate improves growth performance by increasing growth-related hormones levels and prevents Salmonella enterica serovar Pullorum infection in chickens. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1433514. [PMID: 39100761 PMCID: PMC11295659 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1433514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed has been restricted or banned in several countries, finding suitable alternatives is crucial for maintaining animal health. In this study, a novel formate acidifier named sodium diformate (NaDF) was synthesized, and the effects on growth performance and the prevention effects against Salmonella enterica serovar Pullorum infections in chickens were assessed. In broilers, NaDF supplementation improved growth performance, as evidenced by increased body weights and reduced feed conversion ratios. At 38 days of age, NaDF supplementation increased the levels of growth-hormone and ghrelin in the serum, lowered pH values in the gut, improved duodenal morphology, as shown by increased villus length/crypt depth ratios. NaDF also modulated the abundance of beneficial and harmful bacteria without changing the general microbiota diversity and short-chain fatty acids levels, which would be beneficial for maintaining gut homeostasis during its use. NaDF exhibited a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity in vitro. Supplementation with NaDF effectively decreased S. Pullorum colonization in the cecum, liver and spleen in chickens, and mitigated pathological changes in the tissues. Therefore, as a novel acidifier, NaDF can improve chicken growth performance by increasing growth-related hormones levels while maintaining the diversity of gut microbiota, and also resist intestinal bacterial infection. These results provided evidences for the application of NaDF as an effective and safe animal feed in poultry farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiyao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Weilian Liao
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Jiangle, Sanming, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Yong Chen
- Alliance Biotech Co., Ltd., Sanming, China
| | | | - Xiabing Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, China
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Chenxing W, Jie S, Yajuan T, Ting L, Yuying Z, Suhong C, Guiyuan L. The rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz improve gastrointestinal health and pregnancy outcomes in pregnant mice via modulating intestinal barrier and water-fluid metabolism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117971. [PMID: 38403003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Baizhu (BZ) is the dried rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (Compositae), which invigorates the spleen, improves vital energy, stabilizes the fetus, and is widely used for treating spleen deficiency syndrome. However, the impact of BZ on gastrointestinal function during pregnancy remains unexplored. AIM OF THE STUDY This study elucidated the ameliorative effects of BZ on gastrointestinal health and pregnancy outcomes in pregnant mice with spleen deficiency diarrhea (SDD). METHODS To simulate an irregular human diet and overconsumption of cold and bitter foods leading to SDD, a model of pregnant mice with SDD was established using an alternate-day fasting and high-fat diet combined with oral administration of Sennae Folium. During the experiment, general indicators and diarrhea-related parameters were measured. Gastric and intestinal motility (small intestinal propulsion and gastric emptying rates) were evaluated. Serum motilin (MTL), ghrelin, growth hormone (GH), gastrin (Gas), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), chorionic gonadotropin β (β-CG), progesterone (P), and estradiol (E2) were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pathological changes were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E) and alcian blue periodic acid Schiff staining (AB-PAS). Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to measure the expression levels of the intestinal barrier and water metabolism-related proteins in colonic tissues. The pregnancy rate, ovarian organ coefficient, uterus with fetus organ coefficient, small size, average fetal weight, and body length of fetal mice were calculated. RESULTS The results showed that BZ significantly improved general indicators and diarrhea in pregnant mice with SDD, increased gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate, elevated the levels of gastrointestinal hormones (AMS, ghrelin, GH, and Gas) in the serum, and reduced lipid levels (TC and LDL-c). It also improved colonic tissue morphology, increased the number of goblet cells, and promoted the mRNA and protein expression of occludin, claudin-1, ZO-1, AQP3, AQP4, and AQP8 in colonic tissues, downregulating the mRNA and protein expression levels of claudin-2, thereby alleviating intestinal barrier damage and regulating the balance of water and fluid metabolism. BZ also held the levels of pregnancy hormones (β-CG, P, and E2) in the serum of pregnant mice with SDD. Moreover, it increased the pregnancy rate, ovarian organ coefficient, uterus with fetus organ coefficient, litter size, average fetal weight, and body length of fetal mice. These findings indicate that BZ can improve spleen deficiency-related symptoms in pregnant mice before and during pregnancy, regulate pregnancy-related hormones, and improve pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Chenxing
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Su Jie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Tian Yajuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Li Ting
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Zhong Yuying
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Chen Suhong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Lv Guiyuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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Utrilla Fornals A, Costas-Batlle C, Medlin S, Menjón-Lajusticia E, Cisneros-González J, Saura-Carmona P, Montoro-Huguet MA. Metabolic and Nutritional Issues after Lower Digestive Tract Surgery: The Important Role of the Dietitian in a Multidisciplinary Setting. Nutrients 2024; 16:246. [PMID: 38257141 PMCID: PMC10820062 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Many patients undergo small bowel and colon surgery for reasons related to malignancy, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), mesenteric ischemia, and other benign conditions, including post-operative adhesions, hernias, trauma, volvulus, or diverticula. Some patients arrive in the operating theatre severely malnourished due to an underlying disease, while others develop complications (e.g., anastomotic leaks, abscesses, or strictures) that induce a systemic inflammatory response that can increase their energy and protein requirements. Finally, anatomical and functional changes resulting from surgery can affect either nutritional status due to malabsorption or nutritional support (NS) pathways. The dietitian providing NS to these patients needs to understand the pathophysiology underlying these sequelae and collaborate with other professionals, including surgeons, internists, nurses, and pharmacists. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the nutritional and metabolic consequences of different types of lower gastrointestinal surgery and the role of the dietitian in providing comprehensive patient care. This article reviews the effects of small bowel resection on macronutrient and micronutrient absorption, the effects of colectomies (e.g., ileocolectomy, low anterior resection, abdominoperineal resection, and proctocolectomy) that require special dietary considerations, nutritional considerations specific to ostomized patients, and clinical practice guidelines for caregivers of patients who have undergone a surgery for local and systemic complications of IBD. Finally, we highlight the valuable contribution of the dietitian in the challenging management of short bowel syndrome and intestinal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristian Costas-Batlle
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford BD9 6RJ, UK;
| | | | - Elisa Menjón-Lajusticia
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital San Jorge, 22004 Huesca, Spain;
| | - Julia Cisneros-González
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22002 Huesca, Spain; (J.C.-G.); (P.S.-C.)
| | - Patricia Saura-Carmona
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22002 Huesca, Spain; (J.C.-G.); (P.S.-C.)
| | - Miguel A. Montoro-Huguet
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital San Jorge, 22004 Huesca, Spain;
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22002 Huesca, Spain; (J.C.-G.); (P.S.-C.)
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22002 Huesca, Spain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), University of Zaragoza, 22002 Huesca, Spain
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KÖSTEK M, DEMİR U, UÇAK R, AVCI BY, ÜNAL A, GÜLÇİÇEK OB, ÇALIŞKAN O, ÇİTGEZ B, SERİN E, YETKİN SG, MİHMANLI M, ULUDAĞ M. Effects of glutamine and omega-3 fatty acids on intestinal neomucosa formation on colon serosa in rats. Turk J Med Sci 2024; 54:59-68. [PMID: 38812652 PMCID: PMC11031161 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Intestinal neomucosa formation is a technique defined for the treatment of short bowel syndrome. This study evaluates the effect of glutamine and omega-3 fatty acids on the growth of intestinal neomucosa on the colonic serosal surface has been evaluated. Materials and methods Thirty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham, control, glutamine, and omega-3. Laparotomy was performed on all groups. For rats other than the sham group, a 1-cm full-thickness incision was made 4 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve, and colonic serosal surface was sutured as a serosal patch over these openings. By using the oral gavage technique, the glutamine group was ingested with 200 mg/kg/day of glutamine, and the omega-3 group was ingested with 100 mg/kg/day of omega-3 fatty acids. At the end of 14 days, the rats were euthanized, blood specimens were collected, and intestinal segments, including serosal patches, were excised. Results Transforming growth factor-beta was significantly lower in the glutamine group compared to the control group. Similarly, fibroblast growth factor-2 was significantly lower in the glutamine group compared to the sham group. Intestinal neomucosa formation was observed in 100% of rats in the glutamine group. In the control and omega-3 groups, intestinal neomucosa formation was observed in 57.1% and 60% of rats, respectively. The inflammatory response, granulation tissue formation, and fibroblastic activity were more severe in the rats of the glutamine and omega-3 groups. Conclusion The intestinal neomucosa formation is an experimental technique, and both glutamine and omega-3 fatty acids have the potential to positively affect inflammatory response, granulation tissue formation, and fibroblastic activity. Specifically, glutamine has a favorable effect on intestinal neomucosa formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet KÖSTEK
- Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Uygar DEMİR
- Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Ramazan UÇAK
- Department of Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Burak Yasin AVCI
- Department of Biochemistry, Amasya University, Sabuncuoğlu Şerefeddin Training and Research Hospital, Amasya,
Turkiye
| | - Aydın ÜNAL
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Osman Bilgin GÜLÇİÇEK
- Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Ozan ÇALIŞKAN
- Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Bülent ÇİTGEZ
- Department of General Surgery, Üsküdar University, Memorial Hospital, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Erdinç SERİN
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences, Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşcıoğlu City Hospital, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Sıtkı Gürkan YETKİN
- Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Mehmet MİHMANLI
- Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Mehmet ULUDAĞ
- Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul,
Turkiye
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Yan Z, Yin B, Wang Y, Ni Z, Feng J, Yang Q, Li X, Zhu H, Dou Y. Therapeutic mechanism of Liangxue-Guyuan-Yishen decoction on intestinal stem cells and tight junction proteins in gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome rats. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2023; 64:880-892. [PMID: 37697698 PMCID: PMC10665307 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrad065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of the previous research, the Traditional Chinese Medicine theory was used to improve the drug composition for gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome (GI-ARS). The purpose of this study was to study the therapeutic mechanism of Liangxue-Guyuan-Yishen decoction (LGYD) on GI-ARS and to provide a new scheme for the treatment of radiation injury. Here, we investigated the effects of LGYD on intestinal stem cells (ISCs) in a GI-ARS rat model. Rat health and survival and the protective efficacy of LGYD on the intestines were analyzed. The active principles in LGYD were detected using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). ISC proliferation, intestinal epithelial tight junction (TJ) protein expression and regulatory pathways were explored using immunohistochemistry, western blotting (WB) and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), respectively. Involvement of the WNT and MEK/ERK pathways in intestinal recovery was screened using network pharmacology analysis and validated by WB and RT-qPCR. LGYD administration significantly improved health and survival in GI-ARS rats. Pathological analysis showed that LGYD ameliorated radiation-induced intestinal injury and significantly promoted LGR5+ stem cell regeneration in the intestinal crypts, upregulated TJ protein, and accelerated crypt reconstruction in the irradiated rats. LC-MS revealed ≥13 constituents that might contribute to LGYD's protective effects. Collectively, LGYD can promote crypt cell proliferation and ISCs after radiation damage, the above effect may be related to WNT and MEK/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiao Yan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28th, Haidian District, Beijing, 10038, China
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28th, Haidian District, Beijing, 10038, China
| | - Bofeng Yin
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27th, Haidian District, Beijing, 10039, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27th, Haidian District, Beijing, 10039, China
| | - Yuguo Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Sixth Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Fucheng Road 6th, Haidian District, Beijing, 10037, China
| | - Zhexin Ni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27th, Haidian District, Beijing, 10039, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) 96604 Hospital, Jingningnan Road 72th, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Qianyu Yang
- Graduate School of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Xinshinan Road 326th, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050090, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28th, Haidian District, Beijing, 10038, China
| | - Heng Zhu
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27th, Haidian District, Beijing, 10039, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27th, Haidian District, Beijing, 10039, China
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Taiping Road 27th, Haidian District, Beijing, 10039, China
- Graduate School of Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road 69th, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Yongqi Dou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28th, Haidian District, Beijing, 10038, China
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28th, Haidian District, Beijing, 10038, China
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Zhang D, Zhou X, Zhou W, Cui SW, Nie S. Intestinal organoids: A thriving and powerful tool for investigating dietary nutrients-intestinal homeostasis axis. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113109. [PMID: 37689878 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Dietary nutrients regulate intestinal homeostasis through a variety of complex mechanisms, to affect the host health. Nowadays, various models have been used to investigate the dietary nutrients-intestinal homeostasis axis. Different from the limited flux in animal experiments, limited intestinal cell types and distorted simulation of intestinal environment of 2D cells, intestinal organoid (IO) is a 3D culture system of mini-gut with various intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and producibility of intestinal biology. Therefore, IOs is a powerful tool to evaluate dietary nutrients-intestinal homeostasis interaction. This review summarized the application of IOs in the investigation of mechanisms for macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins and fats) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) affecting intestinal homeostasis directly or indirectly (polysaccharides-intestinal bacteria, proteins-amino acids). In addition, new perspectives of IOs in combination with advanced biological techniques and their applications in precise nutrition were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duoduo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
| | - Wengan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Steve W Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph Research and Development Centre, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario NIG 5C9, Canada
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
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Raque M, Raev SA, Guo Y, Kick MK, Saif LJ, Vlasova AN. Host Cell Response to Rotavirus Infection with Emphasis on Virus-Glycan Interactions, Cholesterol Metabolism, and Innate Immunity. Viruses 2023; 15:1406. [PMID: 37515094 PMCID: PMC10385841 DOI: 10.3390/v15071406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although rotavirus A (RVA) is the primary cause of acute viral gastroenteritis in children and young animals, mechanisms of its replication and pathogenesis remain poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that the neuraminidase-mediated removal of terminal sialic acids (SAs) significantly enhanced RVA-G9P[13] replication, while inhibiting RVA-G5P[7] replication. In this study, we compared the transcriptome responses of porcine ileal enteroids (PIEs) to G5P[7] vs. G9P[13] infections, with emphasis on the genes associated with immune response, cholesterol metabolism, and host cell attachment. The analysis demonstrated that G9P[13] infection led to a robust modulation of gene expression (4093 significantly modulated genes vs. 488 genes modulated by G5P[7]) and a significant modulation of glycosyltransferase-encoding genes. The two strains differentially affected signaling pathways related to immune response, with G9P[13] mostly upregulating and G5P[7] inhibiting them. Both RVAs modulated the expression of genes encoding for cholesterol transporters. G9P[13], but not G5P[7], significantly affected the ceramide synthesis pathway known to affect both cholesterol and glycan metabolism. Thus, our results highlight the unique mechanisms regulating cellular response to infection caused by emerging/re-emerging and historical RVA strains relevant to RVA-receptor interactions, metabolic pathways, and immune signaling pathways that are critical in the design of effective control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Raque
- Center for Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sergei A Raev
- Center for Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yusheng Guo
- Center for Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 43210, USA
| | - Maryssa K Kick
- Center for Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 43210, USA
| | - Linda J Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anastasia N Vlasova
- Center for Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 43210, USA
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Liu L, Zhang L, Li C, Qiu Z, Kuang T, Wu Z, Deng W. Effects of hormones on intestinal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:105. [PMID: 37101229 PMCID: PMC10134583 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of intestinal renewal and repair mainly depends on intestinal stem cells (ISCs), which can also contribute to the growth of intestinal tumours. Hormones, which are vital signalling agents in the body, have various effects on the growth and replacement of intestinal stem cells. This review summarises recent progress in the identification of hormones associated with intestinal stem cells. Several hormones, including thyroid hormone, glucagon-like peptide-2, androgens, insulin, leptin, growth hormone, corticotropin-releasing hormone and progastrin, promote the development of intestinal stem cells. However, somatostatin and melatonin are two hormones that prevent the proliferation of intestinal stem cells. Therefore, new therapeutic targets for the diagnosis and treatment of intestinal illnesses can be identified by examining the impact of hormones on intestinal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lilong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chunlei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhendong Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tianrui Kuang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongkai Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenhong Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Chen X, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Fan S, Wei Y, Yang Z, Wang F, Peng X. Potential Effect of Glutamine in the Improvement of Intestinal Stem Cell Proliferation and the Alleviation of Burn-Induced Intestinal Injury via Activating YAP: A Preliminary Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071766. [PMID: 37049605 PMCID: PMC10097377 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Burn injury is a common form of traumatic injury that leads to high mortality worldwide. A severe burn injury usually induces gut barrier dysfunction, partially resulting from the impairment in the proliferation and self-renewal of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) post burns. As a main energy substance of small intestinal enterocytes, glutamine (Gln) is important for intestinal cell viability and growth, while its roles in ISCs-induced regeneration after burns are still unclear. To demonstrate the potential effects of Gln in improving ISCs proliferation and alleviating burn-induced intestinal injury, in this study, we verified that Gln significantly alleviated small intestine injury in burned mice model. It showed that Gln could significantly decrease the ferroptosis of crypt cells in the ileum, promote the proliferation of ISCs, and repair the crypt. These effects of Gln were also confirmed in the mouse small intestine organoids model. Further research found that Yes-associated protein (YAP) is suppressed after burn injury, and Gln could improve cell proliferation and accelerate the renewal of the damaged intestinal mucosal barrier after burns by activating YAP. YAP is closely associated with the changes in intestinal stem cell proliferation after burn injury and could be served as a potential target for severe burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Chen
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Panyang Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yajuan Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shijun Fan
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhifan Yang
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xi Peng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
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Ribosome impairment regulates intestinal stem cell identity via ZAKɑ activation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4492. [PMID: 35918345 PMCID: PMC9345940 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The small intestine is a rapidly proliferating organ that is maintained by a small population of Lgr5-expressing intestinal stem cells (ISCs). However, several Lgr5-negative ISC populations have been identified, and this remarkable plasticity allows the intestine to rapidly respond to both the local environment and to damage. However, the mediators of such plasticity are still largely unknown. Using intestinal organoids and mouse models, we show that upon ribosome impairment (driven by Rptor deletion, amino acid starvation, or low dose cyclohexamide treatment) ISCs gain an Lgr5-negative, fetal-like identity. This is accompanied by a rewiring of metabolism. Our findings suggest that the ribosome can act as a sensor of nutrient availability, allowing ISCs to respond to the local nutrient environment. Mechanistically, we show that this phenotype requires the activation of ZAKɑ, which in turn activates YAP, via SRC. Together, our data reveals a central role for ribosome dynamics in intestinal stem cells, and identify the activation of ZAKɑ as a critical mediator of stem cell identity. Intestinal stem cells are responsible for replenishing cells within the high-turnover intestinal epithelium. Here they show that ribosome dynamics affect intestinal stem cell identity through a mechanism that is triggered by changes in nutrient availability.
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11
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Wang S, Li X, Ma Q, Wang Q, Wu J, Yu H, Li K, Li Y, Wang J, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Wu Q, Chen H. Glutamine Metabolism Is Required for Alveolar Regeneration during Lung Injury. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050728. [PMID: 35625656 PMCID: PMC9138637 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Abnormal repair after alveolar epithelial injury drives the progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The maintenance of epithelial integrity is based on the self-renewal and differentiation of alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells, which require sufficient energy. However, the role of glutamine metabolism in the maintenance of the alveolar epithelium remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of glutamine metabolism in AT2 cells of patients with IPF and in mice with bleomycin-induced fibrosis. (2) Methods: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), transcriptome, and metabolomics analyses were conducted to investigate the changes in the glutamine metabolic pathway during pulmonary fibrosis. Metabolic inhibitors were used to stimulate AT2 cells to block glutamine metabolism. Regeneration of AT2 cells was detected using bleomycin-induced mouse lung fibrosis and organoid models. (3) Results: Single-cell analysis showed that the expression levels of catalytic enzymes responsible for glutamine catabolism were downregulated (p < 0.001) in AT2 cells of patients with IPF, suggesting the accumulation of unusable glutamine. Combined analysis of the transcriptome (p < 0.05) and metabolome (p < 0.001) revealed similar changes in glutamine metabolism in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Mechanistically, inhibition of the key enzymes involved in glucose metabolism, glutaminase-1 (GLS1) and glutamic-pyruvate transaminase-2 (GPT2) leads to reduced proliferation (p < 0.01) and differentiation (p < 0.01) of AT2 cells. (4) Conclusions: Glutamine metabolism is required for alveolar epithelial regeneration during lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300350, China; (S.W.); (Q.M.)
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (X.L.); (Q.W.); (K.L.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qingwen Ma
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300350, China; (S.W.); (Q.M.)
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (X.L.); (Q.W.); (K.L.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Junping Wu
- Department of Tuberculosis, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (J.W.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hongzhi Yu
- Department of Tuberculosis, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (J.W.); (H.Y.)
| | - Kuan Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (X.L.); (Q.W.); (K.L.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (X.L.); (Q.W.); (K.L.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Jianhai Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (X.L.); (Q.W.); (K.L.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qiuyang Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (X.L.); (Q.W.); (K.L.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Youwei Wang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (Q.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Qi Wu
- Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin 300350, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (Q.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Huaiyong Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300350, China; (S.W.); (Q.M.)
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (X.L.); (Q.W.); (K.L.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Q.Z.)
- Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin 300350, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (Q.W.); (H.C.)
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12
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Nath A, Chakrabarti P, Sen S, Barui A. Reactive Oxygen Species in Modulating Intestinal Stem Cell Dynamics and Function. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2328-2350. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Preventive and Regenerative Effect of Glutamine and Probiotics on Gastric Mucosa in an Experimental Model of Alcohol-Induced Injury in Male Holtzman Rats. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10030504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to measure the preventive and regenerative effect of glutamine and probiotics induced by alcohol injury in Holtzman rats. Methods: Analytical, experimental and prospective study. The population consisted of 56 male rats between 300 and 350 g, distributed in three experimental phases: Pre-pilot phase PPP (6 rats), Pilot phase PP (10 rats), and Experimental phase EP (40 rats). In the pilot phase, 10 rats were subjected to damage with 8.5% ethanol, which was given intragastrically. The dosage was calculated for 10 rats in two groups: the first with 7.5 mL/kg in 5 rats and the second with 8.5 mL/kg in 5 rats. The experimental phase was performed in 40 rats divided into 6 groups, the negative control group (healthy), positive control group (injured), preventive experimental group (glutamine and glutamine with probiotic) and regenerative experimental group (glutamine and glutamine with probiotic). At the end of each phase, the rats were sacrificed with sodium pentobarbital (Halathal) and a portion of their stomachs was stored in formol. Results: The evaluation of stomach tissue samples (desquamation, erythema, hyperemia) showed that in the preventive phase, glutamine shows effectiveness in comparison to glutamine with probiotic. In the regenerative phase, glutamine and glutamine with probiotic did not show significant differences. Conclusions: Glutamine and probiotics can potentially serve as a therapy for the treatment for gastritis.
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Nutritional stimulation by in-ovo feeding modulates cellular proliferation and differentiation in the small intestinal epithelium of chicks. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 8:91-101. [PMID: 34977379 PMCID: PMC8669250 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional stimulation of the developing small intestine of chick embryos can be conducted by in-ovo feeding (IOF). We hypothesized that IOF of glutamine and leucine can enhance small intestinal development by promoting proliferation and differentiation of multipotent small intestinal epithelial cells. Broiler embryos (n = 128) were subject to IOF of glutamine (IOF-Gln), leucine (IOF-Leu), NaCl (IOF-NaCl) or no injection (control) at embryonic d 17 (E 17). Multipotent, progenitor and differentiated cells were located and quantified in the small intestinal epithelium between E 17 and d 7 after hatch (D 7) in all treatment groups by immunofluorescence of SRY-box transcription factor 9 (Sox9) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), in-situ hybridization of leucine-rich repeat containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) and peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) and histochemical goblet cell staining. The effects of IOF treatments at E 19 (48 h post-IOF), in comparison to control embryos, were as follows: total cell counts increased by 40%, 33% and 19%, and multipotent cell counts increased by 52%, 50% and 38%, in IOF-Gln, IOF-Leu and IOF-NaCl embryos, respectively. Only IOF-Gln embryos exhibited a significance, 36% increase in progenitor cell counts. All IOF treatments shifted Lgr5+ stem cell localizations to villus bottoms. The differentiated, PepT1+ region of the villi was 1.9 and 1.3-fold longer in IOF-Gln and IOF-Leu embryos, respectively, while goblet cell densities decreased by 20% in IOF-Gln embryos. Post–hatch, crypt and villi epithelial cell counts were significantly higher IOF-Gln chicks, compared to control chicks (P < 0.05). We conclude IOF of glutamine stimulates small intestinal maturation and functionality during the peri-hatch period by promoting multipotent cell proliferation and differentiation, resulting in enhanced compartmentalization of multipotent and differentiated cell niches and expansions of the absorptive surface area.
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15
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Jensen EA, Young JA, Kuhn J, Onusko M, Busken J, List EO, Kopchick JJ, Berryman DE. Growth hormone alters gross anatomy and morphology of the small and large intestines in age- and sex-dependent manners. Pituitary 2022; 25:116-130. [PMID: 34373994 PMCID: PMC8905484 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-021-01179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Growth hormone (GH) has an important role in intestinal barrier function, and abnormalities in GH action have been associated with intestinal complications. Yet, the impact of altered GH on intestinal gross anatomy and morphology remains unclear. METHODS This study investigated the influence of GH signaling on gross anatomy, morphology, and fibrosis by characterizing the small and large intestines in male and female bovine growth hormone transgenic (bGH) mice and GH receptor gene-disrupted (GHR-/-) mice at multiple timepoints. RESULTS The length, weight, and circumference of the small and large intestines were increased in bGH mice and decreased in GHR-/- mice across all ages. Colon circumference was significantly increased in bGH mice in a sex-dependent manner while significantly decreased in male GHR-/- mice. Villus height, crypt depth, and muscle thickness of the small intestine were generally increased in bGH mice and decreased in GHR-/- mice compared to controls with age- and sex-dependent exceptions. Colonic crypt depth and muscle thickness in bGH and GHR-/- mice were significantly altered in an age- and sex-dependent manner. Fibrosis was increased in the small intestine of bGH males at 4 months of age, but no significant differences were seen between genotypes at other timepoints. CONCLUSION This study observed notable opposing findings in the intestinal phenotype between mouse lines with GH action positively associated with intestinal gross anatomy (i.e. length, weight, and circumference). Moreover, GH action appears to alter morphology of the small and large intestines in an age- and sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Jensen
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate College, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan A Young
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Jaycie Kuhn
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Maria Onusko
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Parks Hall Suite 142, Athens, OH, USA
- College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Joshua Busken
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Edward O List
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate College, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Parks Hall Suite 142, Athens, OH, USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate College, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Parks Hall Suite 142, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Darlene E Berryman
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate College, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Parks Hall Suite 142, Athens, OH, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
- Office of Research and Grants, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Irvine Hall 220B, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
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Kasl BA, Machado VS, Henniger MT, Myer PR, Ballou MA. Feeding an acetate-based oral electrolyte reduces the ex vivo Escherichia coli growth potential in the abomasum of calves fed oral electrolytes alone or 30 minutes following a milk feeding when compared to feeding a bicarbonate-based oral electrolyte. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:1542-1554. [PMID: 34955278 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Oral electrolyte solutions (OES) are a common, on-farm therapy to reestablish hydration and electrolyte balances in scouring and stressed calves. The objectives were to determine the effects of OES alkalinizing agent and the presence of a milk replacer feeding before OES administration on the abomasal environment in healthy Holstein calves. Abomasum cannulation was performed on 16 Holstein bull calves at 5 d of age. One calf was removed from the study before the calves were randomly assigned to treatments at 9 d of age. Treatments were arranged as a 2-by-2 factorial, with the following factors: oral electrolyte alkalinizing agent [acetate (A) or bicarbonate (B)] and liquid meal type milk replacer (MR) + OES (MR-A, MR-B), or OES only (OES-A, OES-B)]. The OES differed only by alkalinizing agent. On d 9, calves assigned to MR-A (n = 4) or MR-B (n = 4) received their morning MR aliquot 0.5 h before feeding 2 L of OES; the OES-A (n = 3) and OES-B (n = 4) treatment groups were fed 2 L of OES only. Peripheral blood samples and postprandial abomasal fluid samples were collected to assess abomasal pH, abomasal emptying rate (AER), and ex vivo abomasal Escherichia coli growth potential. Postprandial pH was greater in calves fed MR or B-based OES. Abomasal emptying rate was slower in calves receiving MR + OES, regardless of the alkalinizing agent. Ex vivo E. coli colony-forming unit counts were greater in calves fed either MR + OES or bicarbonate-based OES. Supplementing bicarbonate OES in addition to MR alters abomasal dynamics and may promote E. coli growth in postprandial abomasal fluid, partially due to sustained elevations in gastric pH and delayed gastric emptying rates. The OES containing sodium acetate limited ex vivo E. coli growth potential in abomasal fluid, thereby potentially reducing the risk of additional enteric bacterial complications associated with OES therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Kasl
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
| | - V S Machado
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
| | - M T Henniger
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996
| | - P R Myer
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996
| | - M A Ballou
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409.
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17
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Alpha-Ketoglutarate: An Effective Feed Supplement in Improving Bone Metabolism and Muscle Quality of Laying Hens: A Preliminary Study. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122420. [PMID: 33348724 PMCID: PMC7767309 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the experiment was to assess the effect of dietary alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) supplementation on performance, serum hormonal indices, duodenum and jejunum histomorphometry, meat quality characteristics, bone quality traits and cartilage degradation in laying hens with a mature skeletal system. Forty-eight 30 week-old Bovans Brown laying hens were randomly assigned to a control group or the group fed the basal diet plus 1.0% AKG. The experimental trial lasted 30 weeks. The supplementation of AKG increases blood serum content of leptin, ghrelin, bone alkaline phosphatate and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand, while osteoprotegerin and osteocalcin decrease. While dietary AKG was given to laying hens negatively influenced villus length, crypt depth, villus/crypt ratio and absorptive surface area in duodenum and jejunum, these changes have no effect on feed intake, weight gain, nor laying performance. In breast muscles, no significant changes in skeletal muscle fatty acid composition were observed, however, a higher shear force and decreased cholesterol content following AKG supplementation were noted, showing the improvement of muscle quality. While dietary AKG supplementation did not affect the general geometric and mechanical properties of the tibia, it increased collagen synthesis and enhanced immature collagen content. In medullary bone, an increase of bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, fractal dimension and decrease of trabecular space were observed in AKG supplemented group. The trabeculae in bone metaphysis were also significantly thicker after AKG supplementation. AKG promoted fibrillogenesis in articular cartilage, as indicated by increased cartilage oligomeric matrix protein immunoexpression. By improving the structure and maintaining the proper bone turnover rate of highly reactive and metabolically active medullar and trabecular bones AKG showed its anti-osteoporotic action in laying hens.
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18
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Osorio JS. Gut health, stress, and immunity in neonatal dairy calves: the host side of host-pathogen interactions. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:105. [PMID: 33292513 PMCID: PMC7649058 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00509-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cumulative evidence that perinatal events have long-lasting ripple effects through the life of livestock animals should impact future nutritional and management recommendations at the farm level. The implications of fetal programming due to malnutrition, including neonatal survival and lower birth weights, have been characterized, particularly during early and mid-gestation, when placental and early fetal stages are being developed. The accelerated fetal growth during late pregnancy has been known for some time, while the impact of maternal stressors during this time on fetal development and by extent its postnatal repercussions on health and performance are still being defined. Maternal stressors during late pregnancy cannot only influence colostrogenesis but also compromise adequate intestinal development in the fetus, thus, that further limits the newborn's ability to absorb nutrients, bioactive compounds, and immunity (i.e., immunoglobulins, cytokines, and immune cells) from colostrum. These negative effects set the newborn calf to a challenging start in life by compromising passive immunity and intestinal maturation needed to establish a mature postnatal mucosal immune system while needing to digest and absorb nutrients in milk or milk replacer. Besides the dense-nutrient content and immunity in colostrum, it contains bioactive compounds such as growth factors, hormones, and cholesterol as well as molecular signals or instructions [e.g., microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)] transferred from mother to offspring with the aim to influence postnatal gut maturation. The recent change in paradigm regarding prenatal materno-fetal microbiota inoculation and likely the presence of microbiota in the developing fetus intestine needs to be addressed in future research in ruminants. There still much to know on what prenatal or postnatal factors may predispose neonates to become susceptible to enteropathogens (e.g., enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli), causing diarrhea. From the host-side of this host-pathogen interaction, molecular data such as fecal RNA could, over time, help fill those gaps in knowledge. In addition, merging this novel fecal RNA approach with more established microbiome techniques can provide a more holistic picture of an enteropathogenesis and potentially uncover control points that can be addressed through management or nutrition at the farm level to minimize preweaning morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan S Osorio
- Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, 113 H Alfred Dairy Science Hall, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.
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19
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Acharya M, Arsi K, Donoghue AM, Liyanage R, Rath NC. Production and characterization of avian crypt-villus enteroids and the effect of chemicals. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:179. [PMID: 32503669 PMCID: PMC7275437 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02397-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three-dimensional models of cell culture such as organoids and mini organs accord better advantage over regular cell culture because of their ability to simulate organ functions hence, used for disease modeling, metabolic research, and the development of therapeutics strategies. However, most advances in this area are limited to mammalian species with little progress in others such as poultry where it can be deployed to study problems of agricultural importance. In the course of enterocyte culture in chicken, we observed that intestinal mucosal villus-crypts self-repair and form spheroid-like structures which appear to be useful as ex vivo models to study enteric physiology and diseases. RESULTS The villus-crypts harvested from chicken intestinal mucosa were cultured to generate enteroids, purified by filtration then re cultured with different chemicals and growth factors to assess their response based on their morphological dispositions. Histochemical analyses using marker antibodies and probes showed the enteroids consisting different cell types such as epithelial, goblet, and enteroendocrine cells typical to villi and retain functional characteristics of intestinal mucosa. CONCLUSIONS We present a simple procedure to generate avian crypt-villous enteroids containing different cell types. Because the absorptive cells are functionally positioned outwards, similar to the luminal enterocytes, the cells have better advantages to interact with the factors present in the culture medium. Thus, the enteroids have the potential to study the physiology, metabolism, and pathology of the intestinal villi and can be useful for preliminary screenings of the factors that may affect gut health in a cost-effective manner and reduce the use of live animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Acharya
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, ARS/USDA, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Komala Arsi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Annie M Donoghue
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, ARS/USDA, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Statewide Mass spectrometry Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Narayan C Rath
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, ARS/USDA, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
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El-Salhy M. Possible role of intestinal stem cells in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:1427-1438. [PMID: 32308344 PMCID: PMC7152517 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i13.1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is not completely understood. However, several factors are known to play a role in pathophysiology of IBS such as genetics, diet, gut microbiota, gut endocrine cells, stress and low-grade inflammation. Understanding the pathophysiology of IBS may open the way for new treatment approaches. Low density of intestinal stem cells and low differentiation toward enteroendocrine cells has been reported recently in patients with IBS. These abnormalities are believed to be the cause of the low density of enteroendocrine cells seen in patients with IBS. Enteroendocrine cells regulate gastrointestinal motility, secretion, absorption and visceral sensitivity. Gastrointestinal dysmotility, abnormal absorption/secretion and visceral hypersensitivity are all seen in patients with IBS and haven been attributed to the low density the intestinal enteroendocrine cells in these patients. The present review conducted a literature search in Medline (PubMed) covering the last ten years until November 2019, where articles in English were included. Articles about the intestinal stem cells and their possible role in the pathophysiology of IBS are discussed in the present review. The present review discusses the assumption that intestinal stem cells play a central role in the pathophysiology of IBS and that the other factors known to contribute to the pathophysiology of IBS such as genetics, diet gut microbiota, stress, and low-grade inflammation exert their effects through affecting the intestinal stem cells. It reports further the data that support this assumption on genetics, diet, gut microbiota, stress with depletion of glutamine, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdy El-Salhy
- Section for Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Stord Hospital, Stord 54 09, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen 50 21, Norway
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Liu Z, Wu Q, Jiao C, Cheng B, Zhu D, Ma Y, Li Y, Li W. Effects of Glutamine on the Mucosal Structure and Immune Cells in the Intestines of Broiler Chickens Challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Liu
- Henan University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Q Wu
- Henan University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - C Jiao
- Henan University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - B Cheng
- Henan University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - D Zhu
- Henan University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Y Ma
- Henan University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Y Li
- Henan University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - W Li
- Henan University of Science and Technology, PR China
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22
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El-Salhy M. Nutritional Management of Gastrointestinal Diseases and Disorders. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11123013. [PMID: 31835457 PMCID: PMC6950379 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Magdy El-Salhy
- Section for Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Stord Hospital, Box 4000, 5409 Stord, Norway; ; Tel.: +47-534-910-00; Fax: +47-534-910-01
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- National Centre for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, 5021 Bergen, Norway
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