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Du M, Gong M, Wu G, Jin J, Wang X, Jin Q. Conjugated Linolenic Acid (CLnA) vs Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA): A Comprehensive Review of Potential Advantages in Molecular Characteristics, Health Benefits, and Production Techniques. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5503-5525. [PMID: 38442367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been extensively characterized due to its many biological activities and health benefits, but conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA) is still not well understood. However, CLnA has shown to be more effective than CLA as a potential functional food ingredient. Current research has not thoroughly investigated the differences and advantages between CLnA and CLA. This article compares CLnA and CLA based on molecular characteristics, including structural, chemical, and metabolic characteristics. Then, the in vivo research evidence of CLnA on various health benefits is comprehensively reviewed and compared with CLA in terms of effectiveness and mechanism. Furthermore, the potential of CLnA in production technology and product protection is analyzed. In general, CLnA and CLA have similar physicochemical properties of conjugated molecules and share many similarities in regulation effects and pathways of various health benefits as well as in the production methods. However, their specific properties, regulatory capabilities, and unique mechanisms are different. The superior potential of CLnA must be specified according to the practical application patterns of isomers. Future research should focus more on the advantageous characteristics of different isomers, especially the effectiveness and safety in clinical applications in order to truly exert the potential value of CLnA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Mengyue Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Gangcheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Jun Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
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Lepionka T, Białek M, Czauderna M, Wojtak W, Maculewicz E, Białek A. Exploring the Influence of the Selected Conjugated Fatty Acids Isomers and Cancerous Process on the Fatty Acids Profile of Spleen. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:479. [PMID: 38339233 PMCID: PMC10854539 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The spleen, traditionally associated with blood filtration and immune surveillance, has recently been recognized for its role in systemic lipid metabolism and potential influence on cancer development and progression. This study investigates effects of dietary supplements, specifically conjugated linolenic acids from pomegranate seed oil and bitter melon extract, on the fatty acid (FA) composition of the spleen in the context of cancerous processes. Advanced methods, including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and silver ion-impregnated high-performance liquid chromatography, were employed to analyze the spleen's FA profile. Our research uncovered that dietary supplementation leads to alterations in the spleen's FA profile, especially under the carcinogenic influence of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. These changes did not align with a simple protective or anti-carcinogenic pattern, as previously suggested in in vitro studies. We observed shifts in conjugated FA isomer concentrations and variations in desaturase activities, suggesting disrupted lipid metabolism in cancerous conditions. The findings underscore the spleen's vital role in lipid metabolism within the body's systemic health framework, highlighting the complexity of dietary supplements' impact on FA profiles in the spleen and their potential implications in cancer progression and treatment. This study adds valuable insight into the complex interplay between diet, disease, and metabolic regulation, particularly in cancerous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Lepionka
- The Biological Threats Identification and Countermeasure Center of the General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Lubelska 4 St, 24-100 Puławy, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Białek
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (M.B.); (M.C.); (W.W.)
| | - Marian Czauderna
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (M.B.); (M.C.); (W.W.)
| | - Wiktoria Wojtak
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (M.B.); (M.C.); (W.W.)
| | - Ewelina Maculewicz
- Faculty of Physical Education, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Marymoncka 34, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Białek
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (M.B.); (M.C.); (W.W.)
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Okopowa 59, 01-043 Warsaw, Poland
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Badawy S, Liu Y, Guo M, Liu Z, Xie C, Marawan MA, Ares I, Lopez-Torres B, Martínez M, Maximiliano JE, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Wang X, Anadón A, Martínez MA. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) as a functional food: Is it beneficial or not? Food Res Int 2023; 172:113158. [PMID: 37689911 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has attracted great attention in recent years as a popular class of functional food that is broadly used. It refers to a group of geometric and positional isomers of linoleic acid (LA) with a conjugated double bond. The main natural sources of CLA are dairy products, beef and lamb, whereas only trace amounts occur naturally in plant lipids. CLA has been shown to improve various health issues, having effects on obesity, inflammatory, anti-carcinogenicity, atherogenicity, immunomodulation, and osteosynthesis. Also, compared to studies on humans, many animal researches reveal more positive benefits on health. CLA represents a nutritional avenue to improve lifestyle diseases and metabolic syndrome. Most of these effects are attributed to the two major CLA isomers [conjugated linoleic acid cis-9,trans-11 isomer (c9,t11), and conjugated linoleic acid trans-10,cis-12 isomer (t10,c12)], and their mixture (CLA mix). In contrast, adverse effects of CLA have been also reported, such as glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis and induction of colon carcinogenesis in humans, as well as milk fat inhibition in ruminants, lowering chicken productivity, influencing egg quality and altering growth performance in fish. This review article aims to discuss the health benefits of CLA as a nutraceutical supplement and highlight the possible mechanisms of action that may contribute to its outcome. It also outlines the feasible adverse effects of CLA besides summarizing the recent peer-reviewed publications on CLA to ensure its efficacy and safety for proper application in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Badawy
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Pathology Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Yanan Liu
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Mingyue Guo
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Zhenli Liu
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Changqing Xie
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Marawan A Marawan
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Infectious Diseases, Animal Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernardo Lopez-Torres
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge-Enrique Maximiliano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Yeo J, Kang J, Kim H, Moon C. A Critical Overview of HPLC-MS-Based Lipidomics in Determining Triacylglycerol and Phospholipid in Foods. Foods 2023; 12:3177. [PMID: 37685110 PMCID: PMC10486615 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
With the current advancement in mass spectrometry (MS)-based lipidomics, the knowledge of lipidomes and their diverse roles has greatly increased, enabling a deeper understanding of the action of bioactive lipid molecules in plant- and animal-based foods. This review provides in-depth information on the practical use of MS techniques in lipidomics, including lipid extraction, adduct formation, MS analysis, data processing, statistical analysis, and bioinformatics. Moreover, this contribution demonstrates the effectiveness of MS-based lipidomics for identifying and quantifying diverse lipid species, especially triacylglycerols and phospholipids, in foods. Further, it summarizes the wide applications of MS-based lipidomics in food science, such as for assessing food processing methods, detecting food adulteration, and measuring lipid oxidation in foods. Thus, MS-based lipidomics may be a useful method for identifying the action of individual lipid species in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- JuDong Yeo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (H.K.); (C.M.)
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Theinel MH, Nucci MP, Alves AH, Dias OFM, Mamani JB, Garrigós MM, Oliveira FA, Rego GNA, Valle NME, Cianciarullo G, Gamarra LF. The Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Breast Cancer as a Preventive Measure or as an Adjunct to Conventional Treatments. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061310. [PMID: 36986040 PMCID: PMC10052714 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to understand how omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) supplements affect breast cancer prevention and treatment, a systematic review of articles published in the last 5 years in two databases was performed. Of the 679 articles identified, only 27 were included and examined based on five topics, taking into account: the induction type of the breast cancer used in animal models; the characteristics of the induction model by cell transplantation; the experimental design of the ω-3 supplementation—combined or not with a treatment antitumor drug; the fatty acids (FAs) composition used; the analysis of the studies’ outcomes. There are diverse and well-established animal models of breast cancer in the literature, with very relevant histological and molecular similarities depending on the specific objective of the study, such as whether the method of tumor induction was transgenic, by cell transplantation, or by oncogenic drugs. The analyses of outcomes were mainly focused on monitoring tumor growth, body/tumor weight, and molecular, genetic, or histological analyses, and few studies evaluated latency, survival, or metastases. The best results occurred when supplementation with ω-3 PUFA was associated with antitumor drugs, especially in the analysis of metastases and volume/weight of tumors or when the supplementation was started early and maintained for a long time. However, the beneficial effect of ω-3 PUFA supplementation when not associated with an antitumor agent remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana P. Nucci
- LIM44–Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lionel F. Gamarra
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-2151-0243
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Lepionka T, Białek M, Czauderna M, Szlis M, Białek A. Lipidomic Profile and Enzymes Activity in Hepatic Microsomes of Rats in Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010442. [PMID: 35008866 PMCID: PMC8745594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the risk factors affecting the development of cancer, nutritional factors occupy a significant place. Pomegranate seed oil (PSO) and bitter melon extract (BME), used for ages in folk medicine, are nowadays used in the prevention of many diseases and as ingredients of dietary supplements. Despite numerous publications on these raw materials or their active substances, their mechanism of action in various pathological states has not been recognized yet, nor has the safety of their simultaneous use been evaluated. The study aimed to assess how dietary supplementation with either PSO, with BME, or both, affects fatty acids’ profiles and their metabolism in hepatic microsomes, as well as the activity of selected microsomal enzymes (COX-2 and CYP1B1). Experimental animals (Sprague-Dawley rats) were divided into eight parallel experimental groups, differing in applied dietary modifications (control, PSO, BME and both PSO and BME) and introduction of chemical carcinogen—7,12-dimethylbenz[a]nthracene. Obtained results indicated the pronounced effect of the cancerous process on lipid metabolism and demonstrated the antagonistic effect of applied dietary supplements on the content of individual fatty acids and the activity of CYP1B1 and COX-2. The applied broad analytical approach and chemometric data analysis confirmed that raw materials, for which potential cancer prevention has been previously demonstrated, may differ in effects depending on the coexisting pathological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Lepionka
- Department of Bioaerosols, The Biological Threats Identification and Countermeasure Center of the General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Lubelska 4 St, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland;
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Białek
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jablonna, Poland; (M.B.); (M.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Marian Czauderna
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jablonna, Poland; (M.B.); (M.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Michał Szlis
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jablonna, Poland; (M.B.); (M.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Białek
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Biotechnology and Nutrigenomics, Institute of Animal Genetics and Biotechnology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-(22)-7367128
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Białek M, Białek A, Ruszczyńska A, Bulska E, Zaworski K, Czauderna M. Evaluation of the influence of diet supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid isomers on elemental composition in the cardio-oncological nutritional programming rat' model. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 68:126816. [PMID: 34329902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 'developmental origin of health and disease' (DOHaD) hypothesis assumes that due to the action of some stimuli during fetal life the long-term physiological changes occurs and may affects the risk of various diseases. The main aim of this study was to assess impact of supplementation of maternal' and early postnatal diet with conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) isomers on selected elements content in hearts of their female offspring with chemically induced breast cancer. METHODS Elemental composition was determined by quadrupole mass spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma ionization (ICP-MS). RESULTS The effect of maternal' diet on the elements content was more pronounced than the progeny diet modifications. Significant correlations among determined elements, especially macroelements, and lipidomic parameters, in the experimental factors dependent manner were observed. It can be concluded that supplementation of maternal and progeny diets with CLA isomers may significantly influence the contents of both macro- and microelements in cardiac tissue of newborns. CONCLUSION Our results also indicate, that dynamic and intricate balance among various elements in body may be affected by the lipid dietary supplements also in the pathological state. Utility of cardio-oncological approach in developmental programming study was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Białek
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Białek
- Department of Biotechnology and Nutrigenomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Anna Ruszczyńska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Bulska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Zaworski
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Marian Czauderna
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
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Białek A, Białek M, Lepionka T, Ruszczyńska A, Bulska E, Czauderna M. Cancer Influences the Elemental Composition of the Myocardium More Strongly than Conjugated Linoleic Acids-Chemometric Approach to Cardio-Oncological Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:7127. [PMID: 34885709 PMCID: PMC8659207 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to verify in a cardio-oncological model experiment if conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) fed to rats with mammary tumors affect the content of selected macro- and microelements in their myocardium. The diet of Sprague-Dawley females was supplemented either with CLA isomers or with safflower oil. In hearts of rats suffering from breast cancer, selected elements were analyzed with a quadrupole mass spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma ionization (ICP-MS). In order to better understand the data trends, cluster analysis, principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis were applied. Mammary tumors influenced macro- and microelements content in the myocardium to a greater extent than applied diet supplementation. Significant influences of diet (p = 0.0192), mammary tumors (p = 0.0200) and interactions of both factors (p = 0.0151) were documented in terms of Fe content. CLA significantly decreased the contents of Cu and Mn (p = 0.0158 and p = 0.0265, respectively). The level of Ni was significantly higher (p = 0.0073), which was more pronounced in groups supplemented with CLA. The obtained results confirmed antioxidant properties of CLA and the relationship with Se deposition. Chemometric techniques distinctly showed that the coexisting pathological process induced differences to the greater extent than diet supplementation in the elemental content in the myocardium, which may impinge on cardiac tissue's susceptibility to injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Białek
- Department of Biotechnology and Nutrigenomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Białek
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (M.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Tomasz Lepionka
- Department of Bioaerosols, The Biological Threats Identification and Countermeasure Center of the General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Lubelska 4 St, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Anna Ruszczyńska
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (A.R.); (E.B.)
| | - Ewa Bulska
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (A.R.); (E.B.)
| | - Marian Czauderna
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (M.B.); (M.C.)
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Li J, Wan Y, Zheng Z, Zhang H, Li Y, Guo X, Li K, Li D. Maternal n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids restructure gut microbiota of offspring mice and decrease their susceptibility to mammary gland cancer. Food Funct 2021; 12:8154-8168. [PMID: 34291263 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00906k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies have revealed that a maternal diet rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is associated with decreased mammary cancer risk in offspring. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the possible mechanism by which maternal n-3 PUFAs decrease the mammary cancer risk of offspring in terms of gut microbiota. C57BL/6 pregnant mice were fed a control standard chow (CON), fish oil supplemented diet (n-3 Sup-FO), flaxseed oil supplemented diet (n-3 Sup-FSO) or n-3 PUFA deficient diet (n-3 Def) (n = 10) throughout gestation and lactation. After weaning, all offspring were fed a AIN-93G diet. The tumor incidence and volume were significantly increased in n-3 Def offspring compared with the other groups. Maternal n-3 PUFA supplementation resulted in a significantly increased α-diversity of the gut microbiota in n-3 Sup-FO and n-3 Sup-FSO offspring compared with that in n-3 Def offspring. The relative abundances of Akkermansia, Lactobacillus and Mucispirillum observed in adult offspring of both the n-3 Sup-FO and n-3 Sup-FSO groups were higher than those observed in the control group, whereas the maternal n-3 Def diet was associated with decreased abundances of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Barnesiella in 7-week-old offspring. The levels of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly lower in n-3 PUFA supplemented offspring than in n-3 Def offspring. In addition, the abundance of Mucispirillum was positively associated with the concentration of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10, whereas the abundances of Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia were negatively associated with IL-1β and IL-6, respectively. Based on the bacterial composition of the gut microbiota, metabolites were predicted and the results showed that arachidonic acid metabolism and the MAPK signaling pathways were more enriched, while the butyric acid metabolic pathway was less enriched in offspring of the n-3 Def group than in those of the other three groups. Our findings suggest that decreased pro-inflammatory factors and changed gut microbiota are associated with the protective effects of maternal n-3 PUFAs against offspring's mammary tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaomei Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are distinctive polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are present in food produced by ruminant animals and they are accumulated in seeds of certain plants. These naturally occurring substances have demonstrated to have anti-carcinogenic activity. Their potential effect to inhibit cancer has been shown in vivo and in vitro studies. In this review, we present the multiple effects of CLA isomers on cancer development such as anti-tumor efficiency, anti-mutagenic and anti-oxidant activity. Although the majority of the studies in vivo and in vitro summarized in this review have demonstrated beneficial effects of CLA on the proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells, further experimental work is needed to estimate the true value of CLA as a real anti-cancer agent.
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Lepionka T, Białek M, Czauderna M, Białek A. Pomegranate seed oil and bitter melon extract supplemented in diet influence the lipid profile and intensity of peroxidation in livers of SPRD rats exposed to a chemical carcinogen. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 152:106495. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Białek A, Białek M, Lepionka T, Pachniewicz P, Czauderna M. Oxysterols and lipidomic profile of myocardium of rats supplemented with pomegranate seed oil and/or bitter melon aqueous extract - Cardio-oncological animal model research. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 235:105057. [PMID: 33515592 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2021.105057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A close link between cardiovascular diseases and cancer results from sharing the same modifiable risk factors (e.g. nutritional) and cardiotoxicity of anti-cancerous therapies. It justifies cardio-oncological preliminary studies on dietary factors, especially on those of possible anti-carcinogenic or cardioprotective properties. The main purpose was to evaluate the effect of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) and/or bitter melon extract (BME) supplementation of the diet of female rats suffering from mammary tumors on lipidomic profile (expressed as fatty acids, conjugated fatty acids (CFA), malondialdehyde (MDA), cholesterol and oxysterols content) of cardiac tissue. Total lipidomic profile and intensity of lipid peroxidation in hearts of DMBA-treated Sprague-Dawley rats and their healthy equivalents, both obtaining diet supplementation, were evaluated with different chromatographic techniques coupled with appropriate detection systems (GC-MS, GC-TOFMS, Ag+-HPLC-DAD, UF-HPLC-DAD). Dietary modifications neither diminished breast cancer incidence nor exerted explicit cardio-protective influence, however, they diminished cholesterol content, i.a. because of inhibition of the endogenous conversion of squalene to cholesterol in cardiac tissue. CFA were incorporated into cardiac tissue to a lesser extent in the cancerous process. PSO and BME anti-oxidant properties in pathological condition were only slightly reflected in MDA levels but not in oxysterols formation. Obtained results indicate considerable changes in dietary supplements' biological activity in pathological conditions and the need for clear distinction of drugs and dietary supplements, which is of utmost importance, especially for cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Białek
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Biotechnology and Nutrigenomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A Jastrzębiec, 05-552, Magdalenka, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Białek
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110, Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Tomasz Lepionka
- The Biological Threats Identification and Countermeasure Center of the General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Lubelska 4 St, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Paulina Pachniewicz
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marian Czauderna
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110, Jabłonna, Poland
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Maternal and Early Postnatal Diet Supplemented with Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers Affect Lipid Profile in Hearts of Offspring Rats with Mammary Tumors. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030464. [PMID: 32168766 PMCID: PMC7143221 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Linking the early life environment with later health status is known as "developmental programming". This study aimed to assess whether the introduction of conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) into the maternal diet affects the content fatty acids (FAs), conjugated FAs (CFAs), cholesterol, oxysterols, malondialdehyde (MDA) and tocopherols in the hearts of their female offspring treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and if offspring supplementation enhanced the effect of maternal supplementation. FA, cholesterol and oxysterol contents were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, while contents of CFAs and MDA were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode detection. The supplementation of mothers with CLAs significantly decreased the amount of atherogenic saturated FAs and enhanced the level of eicosapentaenoic FA in the hearts of offspring. Continuous progeny supplementation decreased the content of arachidonic acid in hearts. Supplementation of the maternal diet with CLAs and its continuation during the postnatal period increased the ratio of hypo to hypercholesterolemic FAs. Significantly fewer oxysterols were detected in the hearts of progeny of dams fed with CLAs as compared to the offspring of mothers receiving safflower oil. Both fetal and postnatal CLA intake significantly reduced 7β-hydroxycholesterol accumulation. It can be concluded that CLA supplementation during the fetal and postnatal period may be an effective method of maintaining the cardiac health status of newborns.
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