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Liu Y, Sun M, Zhou Z, Luo D, Xu G, Xiong Z. β-CD@AgNPs with peroxisase-like activity for colorimetric determination of chiral tryptophan. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 323:124871. [PMID: 39096670 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Different enantiomer forms of amino acids play different roles in multifarious fields, and improper use will cause irreversible effects. Therefore, the identification of chiral amino acids is a vital issue in the field of pharmaceutical analysis. Herein, a chiral sensing system of β-cyclodextrin coated silver nanoparticle (β-CD@AgNPs) with peroxidase-like activity was designed for the fast and efficient colorimetric identification of tryptophan (Trp) enantiomers based on the difference in binding capacity between D/L-Trp and β-CD. The results showed the satisfactory linearity for detecting D/L-Trp over the concentration range from 0.2 to 4 mM with a LOD of 0.16 and 0.18 mM, respectively. Moreover, the absorbance increased linearly with the rise of D-Trp concentration percentage in the Trp enantiomer mixture. The proposed method avoided the use of natural enzymes and improved the stability due to the protective effect of cyclodextrin, which provided a new idea for selective colorimetric recognition and detection of D/L-Trp based on cyclodextrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Miaowen Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Danni Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Guangda Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Zhili Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Murtas S, Reggiardo G, Contu R, Cadeddu M, Secci R, Putzu P, Mocco C, Leoni M, Gigante Maria V, Marras C, Moro F, Marongiu M, Meleddu M, Bolasco P. Replacement of the massive amino acid losses induced by hemodialysis: A new treatment option proposal for a largely underestimated issue. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 63:354-363. [PMID: 38985667 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A series of interesting literature reports acknowledges the notable loss of essential and non-essential amino acids (EAAs and NEAAs) during hemodialysis sessions. These losses may exceed 800 g/year, thus contributing towards accelerating the onset of malnutrition in hemodialysis patients (HD). OBJECTIVE A novel tailored amino acid formula for oral administration was developed to replace total amounts of each individual amino acid lost during dialysis diffusive/convective HD strategies, monitoring the effects produced on nutritional and hematological status. METHODS A three-month randomized double-blind study was conducted on 30 subjects over the age of 70 years extrapolated from a total population of 86 hemodialysis patients. The 30 patients were randomly assigned to two groups: a treatment group of 15 HD patients (TG) to whom a novel mixture containing 5.4 g of AAs was administered solely on interdialytic days, and a control group of 15 HD patients (CG) who received no amino acid supplementation. The AAs mixture was administered post-dialysis at an extended interval from the end of solute and compartmental rebound to replace AA losses and optimize their role in protein anabolism. RESULTS The results obtained highlighted a significant improvement in protein intake g/kg/day (Protein Catabolic Rate, p = 0.014), and increased IgG (p = 0.008) and C3 serum levels (p = 0.003) in the TG group alone. Fat mass losses were initially confirmed by means of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) (p = 0.011) and plicometry (p < 0.001) in the CG group alone, although the main objective was to preserve nutritional status and, particularly, muscle mass. The study was extended to investigate the effects produced on anemia, yielding evidence of continued positive effects three months after the end of the study in the TG group alone based on an increase in Hb levels from 11.2 ± 0.6 to 12.1 ± 0.6 (p = 0.004) associated with a reduced demand for erythropoietin i.v. from 12928 ± 9033 to 9286 ± 5398 U.I/week (p = 0.012) and iron i.v. from 75.9 ± 55 to 71.4 ± 33.4 mg/week (p = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS The results obtained following oral administration of this novel tailored AA replacement mixture aimed at reinstating the high AA losses produced during hemodialysis suggest the mixture should be prescribed as a standard procedure to all HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Murtas
- Nephrology and Dialysis Department, District Health Authority (ASL), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Reggiardo
- Department of Biostatistics, Consortium for Biological and Pharmacological Evaluations (CVBF), Pavia, Italy
| | - Rita Contu
- Nephrology and Dialysis Department, District Health Authority (ASL), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mariella Cadeddu
- Nephrology and Dialysis Department, District Health Authority (ASL), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Romina Secci
- Nephrology and Dialysis Department, District Health Authority (ASL), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paola Putzu
- Nephrology and Dialysis Department, District Health Authority (ASL), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristina Mocco
- Nephrology and Dialysis Department, District Health Authority (ASL), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Leoni
- Nephrology and Dialysis Department, District Health Authority (ASL), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Vita Gigante Maria
- Nephrology and Dialysis Department, District Health Authority (ASL), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cesarina Marras
- Nephrology and Dialysis Department, District Health Authority (ASL), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Fedia Moro
- Nephrology and Dialysis Department, District Health Authority (ASL), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mirella Marongiu
- Nephrology and Dialysis Department, District Health Authority (ASL), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Meleddu
- Nephrology and Dialysis Department, District Health Authority (ASL), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Bolasco
- Chronic Renal Failure Treatment Study Group, Italian Society of Nephrology, Rome, Italy.
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Zhu H, Yang X, Zhao Y. Recent Advances in Current Uptake Situation, Metabolic and Nutritional Characteristics, Health, and Safety of Dietary Tryptophan. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6787-6802. [PMID: 38512048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid which is unable to be synthesized in the body. Main sources of Trp are uptake of foods such as oats and bananas. In this review, we describe the status of current dietary consumption, metabolic pathways and nutritional characteristics of Trp, as well as its ingestion and downstream metabolites for maintaining body health and safety. This review also summarizes the recent advances in Trp metabolism, particularly the 5-HT, KYN, and AhR activation pathways, revealing that its endogenous host metabolites are not only differentially affected in the body but also are closely linked to health. More attention should be paid to targeting its specific metabolic pathways and utilizing food molecules and probiotics for manipulating Trp metabolism. However, the complexity of microbiota-host interactions requires further exploration to precisely refine targets for innovating the gut microbiota-targeted diagnostic approaches and informing subsequent studies and targeted treatments of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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Jiang W, He R, Lv H, He X, Wang L, Wei Y. Chiral Sensing of Tryptophan Enantiomers Based on the Enzyme Mimics of β-Cyclodextrin-Modified Sulfur Quantum Dots. ACS Sens 2023; 8:4264-4271. [PMID: 37997656 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Chiral recognition of amino acid plays a significant role in pharmaceutical, medical, and food science. This study describes a chiral sensing system of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)-coated sulfur quantum dots (CD-SQDs) for the selective fluorescence recognition of tryptophan (Trp) enantiomers. CD-SQDs were prepared by a facile assembly fission method and could selectively recognize L-Trp by the different binding ability between L/D-Trp and β-CD. The inclusion of L-Trp and the stereoselective catalysis of CD-SQDs enzyme mimics cause the increased fluorescence intensity of CD-SQDs, which has a linear response ranging from 10 to 500 nM and the detection limit as 2.3 nM. CD-SQDs also show great selectivity for L-Trp from the commercial compound amino acid injection. The study could provide an effective method for the chiral recognition of amino acid enantiomers based on the catalytic activity of nanoenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Jiang
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030031, China
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Ran He
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Han Lv
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Xinheng He
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Yanli Wei
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030031, China
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Hu D, Liu J, Yu W, Li C, Huang L, Mao W, Lu Z. Tryptophan intake, not always the more the better. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1140054. [PMID: 37113297 PMCID: PMC10128863 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1140054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the effects of excessive tryptophan intake on the body and the effects of tryptophan metabolism-related aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway in healthy rats and chronic kidney disease rats, to study the adverse effects of excess tryptophan. Design In Part I Experiment, the healthy rats were fed with diet containing 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8% tryptophan for 12 weeks. After the intervention, the blood and kidney tissues were collected. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were detected. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining was used to observe renal pathological changes. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum kynurenic acid and AhR levels. The kidney levels of AhR, CyP1A1 and CyP1B1 were detected by western-blot. In Part II Experiment, the chronic kidney disease (CKD) model was induced by intra-gastric gavage with adenine for 4 weeks. Then the CKD rats were given tryptophan at a dose of 100 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg for eight weeks. Rat survival curve, renal function, renal tissue pathology and serum AhR were detected. Tryptophan-targeted ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MRM-MS) was employed to quantitatively access the tryptophan-targeted metabolites in two parts experiments. Results In part I experiment, high tryptophan diet can increase the level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in healthy rats and induce focal renal tubulointerstitial injury. Tryptophan-targeted analyzes showed that high tryptophan diet feeding can significantly increase the concentration of kynurenine and indole metabolites. The serum AhR level and kidney AhR, CyP1A1 and CyP1B1 were also significantly increased in high tryptophan diet rats. In part II experiment, high tryptophan intervention induced a significant increase in mortality, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen levels, and renal pathological damage in CKD rats. The levels of tryptophan-targeted metabolites, kynurenine, xanthurenate, picolinic acid, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-lactic acid, indoleacetate and indoxyl sulfate, showed an upward trend in the high-dose tryptophan group (Ade + Trp-H) compared with the adenine group. The serum AhR of Ade + Trp-H rats was significantly higher than those of adenine rats. Conclusion Moderate tryptophan intake may be beneficial, but excessive tryptophan can lead to accumulation of kynurenine and indole metabolites, activate AhR pathway and induce kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanlin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Nephrology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Nephrology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Nephrology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Mao,
| | - Zhaoyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Nephrology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Zhaoyu Lu,
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Schuller M, Oberhuber M, Prietl B, Zügner E, Prugger EM, Magnes C, Kirsch AH, Schmaldienst S, Pieber T, Brodmann M, Rosenkranz AR, Eller P, Eller K. Alterations in the Kynurenine-Tryptophan Pathway and Lipid Dysregulation Are Preserved Features of COVID-19 in Hemodialysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214089. [PMID: 36430566 PMCID: PMC9698708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced metabolic alterations have been proposed as a source for prognostic biomarkers and may harbor potential for therapeutic exploitation. However, the metabolic impact of COVID-19 in hemodialysis (HD), a setting of profound a priori alterations, remains unstudied. To evaluate potential COVID-19 biomarkers in end-stage kidney disease (CKD G5), we analyzed the plasma metabolites in different COVID-19 stages in patients with or without HD. We recruited 18 and 9 asymptomatic and mild, 11 and 11 moderate, 2 and 13 severely affected, and 10 and 6 uninfected HD and non-HD patients, respectively. Plasma samples were taken at the time of diagnosis and/or upon admission to the hospital and analyzed by targeted metabolomics and cytokine/chemokine profiling. Targeted metabolomics confirmed stage-dependent alterations of the metabolome in non-HD patients with COVID-19, which were less pronounced in HD patients. Elevated kynurenine levels and lipid dysregulation, shown by an increase in circulating free fatty acids and a decrease in lysophospholipids, could distinguish patients with moderate COVID-19 from non-infected individuals in both groups. Kynurenine and lipid alterations were also associated with ICAM-1 and IL-15 levels in HD and non-HD patients. Our findings support the kynurenine pathway and plasma lipids as universal biomarkers of moderate and severe COVID-19 independent of kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Schuller
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Oberhuber
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, CBmed GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Prietl
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, CBmed GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Elmar Zügner
- Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences (HEALTH), Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft m.b.H., 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Prugger
- Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences (HEALTH), Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft m.b.H., 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Magnes
- Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences (HEALTH), Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft m.b.H., 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander H. Kirsch
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Thomas Pieber
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, CBmed GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Marianne Brodmann
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander R. Rosenkranz
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Philipp Eller
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Kathrin Eller
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-385-12170
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7
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Post A, Kremer D, Groothof D, van der Veen Y, de Blaauw P, van der Krogt J, Kema IP, Westerhuis R, Heiner-Fokkema MR, Bakker SJL, Franssen CFM. Amino Acid Homeostasis and Fatigue in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients. Nutrients 2022; 14:2810. [PMID: 35889768 PMCID: PMC9318329 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients dependent on chronic hemodialysis treatment are prone to malnutrition, at least in part due to insufficient nutrient intake, metabolic derangements, and chronic inflammation. Losses of amino acids during hemodialysis may be an important additional contributor. In this study, we assessed changes in plasma amino acid concentrations during hemodialysis, quantified intradialytic amino acid losses, and investigated whether plasma amino acid concentrations and amino acid losses by hemodialysis and urinary excretion are associated with fatigue. The study included a total of 59 hemodialysis patients (65 ± 15 years, 63% male) and 33 healthy kidney donors as controls (54 ± 10 years, 45% male). Total plasma essential amino acid concentration before hemodialysis was lower in hemodialysis patients compared with controls (p = 0.006), while total non-essential amino acid concentration did not differ. Daily amino acid losses were 4.0 ± 1.3 g/24 h for hemodialysis patients and 0.6 ± 0.3 g/24 h for controls. Expressed as proportion of protein intake, daily amino acid losses of hemodialysis patients were 6.7 ± 2.4% of the total protein intake, compared to 0.7 ± 0.3% for controls (p < 0.001). Multivariable regression analyses demonstrated that hemodialysis efficacy (Kt/V) was the primary determinant of amino acid losses (Std. β = 0.51; p < 0.001). In logistic regression analyses, higher plasma proline concentrations were associated with higher odds of severe fatigue (OR (95% CI) per SD increment: 3.0 (1.3; 9.3); p = 0.03), while higher taurine concentrations were associated with lower odds of severe fatigue (OR (95% CI) per log2 increment: 0.3 (0.1; 0.7); p = 0.01). Similarly, higher daily taurine losses were also associated with lower odds of severe fatigue (OR (95% CI) per log2 increment: 0.64 (0.42; 0.93); p = 0.03). Lastly, a higher protein intake was associated with lower odds of severe fatigue (OR (95% CI) per SD increment: 0.2 (0.04; 0.5); p = 0.007). Future studies are warranted to investigate the mechanisms underlying these associations and investigate the potential of taurine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Post
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (D.K.); (D.G.); (Y.v.d.V.); (S.J.L.B.); (C.F.M.F.)
| | - Daan Kremer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (D.K.); (D.G.); (Y.v.d.V.); (S.J.L.B.); (C.F.M.F.)
| | - Dion Groothof
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (D.K.); (D.G.); (Y.v.d.V.); (S.J.L.B.); (C.F.M.F.)
| | - Yvonne van der Veen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (D.K.); (D.G.); (Y.v.d.V.); (S.J.L.B.); (C.F.M.F.)
| | - Pim de Blaauw
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.d.B.); (J.v.d.K.); (I.P.K.); (M.R.H.-F.)
| | - Jennifer van der Krogt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.d.B.); (J.v.d.K.); (I.P.K.); (M.R.H.-F.)
| | - Ido P. Kema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.d.B.); (J.v.d.K.); (I.P.K.); (M.R.H.-F.)
| | - Ralf Westerhuis
- Dialysis Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - M. Rebecca Heiner-Fokkema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.d.B.); (J.v.d.K.); (I.P.K.); (M.R.H.-F.)
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (D.K.); (D.G.); (Y.v.d.V.); (S.J.L.B.); (C.F.M.F.)
| | - Casper F. M. Franssen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (D.K.); (D.G.); (Y.v.d.V.); (S.J.L.B.); (C.F.M.F.)
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8
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Wu W, Bours MJL, Koole A, Kenkhuis MF, Eussen SJPM, Breukink SO, van Schooten FJ, Weijenberg MP, Hageman GJ. Cross-Sectional Associations between Dietary Daily Nicotinamide Intake and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Colorectal Cancer Survivors, 2 to 10 Years Post-Diagnosis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113707. [PMID: 34835963 PMCID: PMC8624000 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplementation with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) precursors including dietary nicotinamide has been found to boost tissue NAD+ levels and ameliorate oxidative stress-induced damage that contributes to aging and aging-related diseases. The association between dietary NAD+ precursors and patient-reported health-related outcomes in cancer survivors has not been investigated. This study aimed to determine associations of dietary nicotinamide intake with different patient-reported outcomes in colorectal cancer survivors, 2 to 10 years post-diagnosis. A total of 145 eligible participants were recruited into this cross-sectional study. Dietary nicotinamide intake level was calculated based on data from 7-day food diaries. Fatigue was assessed with the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS), which is a subscale of the cancer-specific European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC), and anxiety and depression were assessed with Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Oxidative stress marker serum protein carbonyl contents and serum NAD+ levels were measured. A hierarchical linear regression model with confounder adjustment was performed to analyze the association of nicotinamide intake, serum protein carbonyl contents, and NAD+ levels with patient-reported outcomes. The median values of daily nicotinamide intake for male and female participants were 19.1 and 14.4 mg, respectively. Daily dietary nicotinamide intake was associated with a lower level of fatigue (β: -14.85 (-28.14, -1.56)) and a lower level of anxiety and depression (β: -4.69 (-8.55, -0.83)). Subgroup analyses by sex showed that a beneficial association between nicotinamide intake and patient-reported outcomes was mainly found in men. To conclude, our findings suggested that higher dietary NAD+ precursor nicotinamide intake was cross-sectionally associated with less patient-reported outcomes in CRC survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.-J.v.S.); (G.J.H.)
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence:
| | - Martijn J. L. Bours
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.J.L.B.); (A.K.); (M.-F.K.); (S.J.P.M.E.); (M.P.W.)
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Annaleen Koole
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.J.L.B.); (A.K.); (M.-F.K.); (S.J.P.M.E.); (M.P.W.)
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marlou-Floor Kenkhuis
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.J.L.B.); (A.K.); (M.-F.K.); (S.J.P.M.E.); (M.P.W.)
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Simone J. P. M. Eussen
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.J.L.B.); (A.K.); (M.-F.K.); (S.J.P.M.E.); (M.P.W.)
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CAPHRI School for Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie O. Breukink
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik-Jan van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.-J.v.S.); (G.J.H.)
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Matty P. Weijenberg
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.J.L.B.); (A.K.); (M.-F.K.); (S.J.P.M.E.); (M.P.W.)
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Geja J. Hageman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.-J.v.S.); (G.J.H.)
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
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9
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Ho LL, Chan YM, Daud Z'AM. Dietary Factors and Sleep Quality Among Hemodialysis Patients in Malaysia. J Ren Nutr 2021; 32:251-260. [PMID: 33838975 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Poor sleep quality is a commonly seen problem in hemodialysis patients. This study investigated the associations between dietary factors and sleep quality among hemodialysis patients. DESIGN AND METHODS This is a cross-sectional study conducted among 184 eligible hemodialysis patients at four dialysis units in Malaysia. Three days dietary recall were used in the analysis of dietary intake and behavior. Sleep quality was assessed through Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. RESULTS More than half of the patients were poor sleepers. Among the sleep components, sleep latency affected patients the most, with the use of sleep medications was relatively low. A majority of the patients had inadequate dietary intake of energy (88%) and protein (75%). Dietary protein, potassium adjusted for body weight, and sodium intake were significantly increased in poor sleepers. Lower percentage of energy from carbohydrates; higher percentage of energy from fats; higher intakes of dietary protein, fat, phosphorus, and sodium were correlated with poorer sleep quality and its components. Skipping dinner on non-dialysis days and having supper on dialysis days were associated with poor sleep quality. CONCLUSION Poor sleep is prevalent among hemodialysis patients. Sleep quality of hemodialysis patients was highly associated with certain dietary factors. Periodical assessment of sleep quality and dietary intake is necessary to identify poor sleepers with inappropriate dietary intake to allow effective clinical and nutritional interventions to improve the sleep quality and nutritional status of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ling Ho
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Mun Chan
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia; Research Centre of Excellence, Nutrition and Non-communicable Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Zulfitri 'Azuan Mat Daud
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia; Research Centre of Excellence, Nutrition and Non-communicable Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
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10
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Post A, Schutten JC, Kremer D, van der Veen Y, Groothof D, Sotomayor CG, Koops CA, de Blaauw P, Kema IP, Westerhuis R, Wallimann T, Heiner-Fokkema MR, Bakker SJL, Franssen CFM. Creatine homeostasis and protein energy wasting in hemodialysis patients. J Transl Med 2021; 19:115. [PMID: 33743724 PMCID: PMC7981955 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02780-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle wasting, low protein intake, hypoalbuminemia, low body mass, and chronic fatigue are prevalent in hemodialysis patients. Impaired creatine status may be an often overlooked, potential contributor to these symptoms. However, little is known about creatine homeostasis in hemodialysis patients. We aimed to elucidate creatine homeostasis in hemodialysis patients by assessing intradialytic plasma changes as well as intra- and interdialytic losses of arginine, guanidinoacetate, creatine and creatinine. Additionally, we investigated associations of plasma creatine concentrations with low muscle mass, low protein intake, hypoalbuminemia, low body mass index, and chronic fatigue. Arginine, guanidinoacetate, creatine and creatinine were measured in plasma, dialysate, and urinary samples of 59 hemodialysis patients. Mean age was 65 ± 15 years and 63% were male. During hemodialysis, plasma concentrations of arginine (77 ± 22 to 60 ± 19 μmol/L), guanidinoacetate (1.8 ± 0.6 to 1.0 ± 0.3 μmol/L), creatine (26 [16–41] to 21 [15–30] μmol/L) and creatinine (689 ± 207 to 257 ± 92 μmol/L) decreased (all P < 0.001). During a hemodialysis session, patients lost 1939 ± 871 μmol arginine, 37 ± 20 μmol guanidinoacetate, 719 [399–1070] μmol creatine and 15.5 ± 8.4 mmol creatinine. In sex-adjusted models, lower plasma creatine was associated with a higher odds of low muscle mass (OR per halving: 2.00 [1.05–4.14]; P = 0.04), low protein intake (OR: 2.13 [1.17–4.27]; P = 0.02), hypoalbuminemia (OR: 3.13 [1.46–8.02]; P = 0.008) and severe fatigue (OR: 3.20 [1.52–8.05]; P = 0.006). After adjustment for potential confounders, these associations remained materially unchanged. Creatine is iatrogenically removed during hemodialysis and lower plasma creatine concentrations were associated with higher odds of low muscle mass, low protein intake, hypoalbuminemia, and severe fatigue, indicating a potential role for creatine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Post
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Joëlle C Schutten
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan Kremer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne van der Veen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dion Groothof
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Camilo G Sotomayor
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christa A Koops
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Pim de Blaauw
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Ido P Kema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Ralf Westerhuis
- Dialysis Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - M Rebecca Heiner-Fokkema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Casper F M Franssen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Kwiatkowska I, Hermanowicz JM, Mysliwiec M, Pawlak D. Oxidative Storm Induced by Tryptophan Metabolites: Missing Link between Atherosclerosis and Chronic Kidney Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6656033. [PMID: 33456671 PMCID: PMC7787774 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6656033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) occurrence is rising all over the world. Its presence is associated with an increased risk of premature death from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Several explanations of this link have been put forward. It is known that in renal failure, an array of metabolites cannot be excreted, and they accumulate in the organism. Among them, some are metabolites of tryptophan (TRP), such as indoxyl sulfate and kynurenine. Scientists have become interested in them in the context of inducing vascular damage in the course of chronic kidney impairment. Experimental evidence suggests the involvement of TRP metabolites in the progression of chronic kidney disease and atherosclerosis separately and point to oxidative stress generation as one of the main mechanisms that is responsible for worsening those states. Since it is known that blood levels of those metabolites increase significantly in renal failure and that they generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which lead to endothelial injury, it is reasonable to suspect that products of TRP metabolism are the missing link in frequently occurring atherosclerosis in CKD patients. This review focuses on reports that shed a light on TRP metabolites as contributing factors to vascular damage in the progression of impaired kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Kwiatkowska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Justyna M. Hermanowicz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michal Mysliwiec
- Ist Department Nephrology and Transplantation, Medical University, Bialystok, Zurawia 14, 15-540 Bialystok, Poland
- Lomza State University of Applied Sciences, Akademicka 14, 18-400 Łomża, Poland
| | - Dariusz Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
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12
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Weyh C, Krüger K, Strasser B. Physical Activity and Diet Shape the Immune System during Aging. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030622. [PMID: 32121049 PMCID: PMC7146449 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing age, the immune system undergoes a remodeling process, termed immunosenescence, which is accompanied by considerable shifts in leukocyte subpopulations and a decline in various immune cell functions. Clinically, immunosenescence is characterized by increased susceptibility to infections, a more frequent reactivation of latent viruses, decreased vaccine efficacy, and an increased prevalence of autoimmunity and cancer. Physiologically, the immune system has some adaptive strategies to cope with aging, while in some settings, maladaptive responses aggravate the speed of aging and morbidity. While a lack of physical activity, decreased muscle mass, and poor nutritional status facilitate immunosenescence and inflammaging, lifestyle factors such as exercise and dietary habits affect immune aging positively. This review will discuss the relevance and mechanisms of immunoprotection through physical activity and specific exercise interventions. In the second part, we will focus on the effect of dietary interventions through the supplementation of the essential amino acid tryptophan, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and probiotics (with a special focus on the kynurenine pathway).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Weyh
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, University of Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, University of Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Barbara Strasser
- Medical Faculty, Sigmund Freud Private University, A-1020 Vienna, Austria;
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13
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Serum Levels and Removal by Haemodialysis and Haemodiafiltration of Tryptophan-Derived Uremic Toxins in ESKD Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041522. [PMID: 32102247 PMCID: PMC7073230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan is an essential dietary amino acid that originates uremic toxins that contribute to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patient outcomes. We evaluated serum levels and removal during haemodialysis and haemodiafiltration of tryptophan and tryptophan-derived uremic toxins, indoxyl sulfate (IS) and indole acetic acid (IAA), in ESKD patients in different dialysis treatment settings. This prospective multicentre study in four European dialysis centres enrolled 78 patients with ESKD. Blood and spent dialysate samples obtained during dialysis were analysed with high-performance liquid chromatography to assess uremic solutes, their reduction ratio (RR) and total removed solute (TRS). Mean free serum tryptophan and IS concentrations increased, and concentration of IAA decreased over pre-dialysis levels (67%, 49%, −0.8%, respectively) during the first hour of dialysis. While mean serum total urea, IS and IAA concentrations decreased during dialysis (−72%, −39%, −43%, respectively), serum tryptophan levels increased, resulting in negative RR (−8%) towards the end of the dialysis session (p < 0.001), despite remarkable Trp losses in dialysate. RR and TRS values based on serum (total, free) and dialysate solute concentrations were lower for conventional low-flux dialysis (p < 0.001). High-efficiency haemodiafiltration resulted in 80% higher Trp losses than conventional low-flux dialysis, despite similar neutral Trp RR values. In conclusion, serum Trp concentrations and RR behave differently from uremic solutes IS, IAA and urea and Trp RR did not reflect dialysis Trp losses. Conventional low-flux dialysis may not adequately clear Trp-related uremic toxins while high efficiency haemodiafiltration increased Trp losses.
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