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Clemente G, Della Pia N, Bramanti A, Cerbara L, Russo G, De Rosa P, Marotta V, Tortora A, Riccio M, Vitale M. Role of nutritional therapy on dietary habits and glycemic control in insulin-treated kidney transplant patients with diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 211:111680. [PMID: 38657795 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the effect of nutritional therapy on glycemic compensation and key cardio-renal risk markers in patients with diabetes and kidney transplant, on insulin treatment by Multiple Daily Injection (MDI) or Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (CSII). METHODS 34 patients with diabetes on insulin treatment and kidney transplant recipients were enrolled;12 participated in the structured nutritional program (intervention group), 22 patients (control group) did not receive nutritional protocol. Both groups were then divided into subgroups according to the method of insulin administration (MDI and CSII). RESULTS Statistically significant reduction in fasting blood glucose values, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and glycosuria were observed in both groups at the end of the study. The intervention group, significantly reduced total cholesterolemia and the glycemic index, together with reduced dietary intake of lipids, cholesterol, soluble carbohydrates and increased consumption of carbohydrates and fiber. These improvements were even more pronounced in patients treated with CSII. CONCLUSIONS A proper nutritional approach optimize glycometabolic outcomes and contribute significantly to the reduction of the major cardiovascular risk factors in renal transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Clemente
- University Hospital San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona (Salerno); IRPPS-Institute for Research on Population and Social Policies of the Italian National Research Council, Fisciano (Salerno).
| | - N Della Pia
- University Hospital San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona (Salerno)
| | - A Bramanti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno (Salerno)
| | - L Cerbara
- IRPPS-Institute for Research on Population and Social Policies of the Italian National Research Council, Fisciano (Salerno)
| | - G Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina (Messina)
| | - P De Rosa
- General Surgery and Kidney Transplants. A.O.U San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona (Salerno)
| | - V Marotta
- University Hospital San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona (Salerno)
| | - A Tortora
- University Hospital San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona (Salerno)
| | - M Riccio
- University Hospital San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona (Salerno)
| | - M Vitale
- University Hospital San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona (Salerno); Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno (Salerno)
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Nyarko SH, Addo IY, Ayebeng C, Dickson KS, Acquah E. Mediating effects of hypertension in association between household wealth disparities and diabetes among women of reproductive age: analysis of eight countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Int Health 2024:ihae013. [PMID: 38321706 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes prevalence appears to be increasing in low- and middle-income countries, yet little is known about how hypertension status mediates the association between household wealth and diabetes. This study examined the mediation effects of hypertension in associations between household wealth and diabetes in eight sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of 71 577 women from recent Demographic and Health Surveys for eight SSA countries. Sample-weighted logistic regression and causal mediation analyses were conducted. RESULTS Of the 71 577 women, 1.1% (782) reported ever being diagnosed with diabetes. Women with diabetes were more likely to have hypertension compared with those without diabetes (54.9% vs 9.9%). The odds of diabetes were significantly higher among women with hypertension (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 5.71 [95% confidence interval {CI} 4.62 to 7.05]) and women from rich households (adjusted OR 1.65 [95% CI 1.23 to 2.22]) compared with their respective counterparts. Hypertension status mediated 27.4% of the association between household wealth and diabetes status. CONCLUSIONS Hypertension status partly contributes to the associations between household wealth disparities and diabetes status among women in the selected countries. Further research and targeted interventions are needed to explore specific mechanisms and confounding factors related to household wealth disparities, hypertension status and diabetes prevalence in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel H Nyarko
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Isaac Y Addo
- Centre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Castro Ayebeng
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Research and Advocacy, Challenging Heights, Winneba, Ghana
| | - Kwamena S Dickson
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Evelyn Acquah
- Centre for Health Policy and Implementation Research, Institute of Health Research, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
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3
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Marana AIS, Morris A, Prinyawiwatkul W, Xu Z, King JM. High-protein rice flour in the development of gluten-free pasta. J Food Sci 2023; 88:1268-1279. [PMID: 36919247 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Cahokia Rice, a new biofortified high-protein (10%-12%) variety of rice, was used to develop and analyze a gluten-free pasta. Different pastas were made with high-protein white rice flour (HPWRP), high-protein brown rice flour (HPBRP), commercial white rice flour (CWRP), commercial brown rice flour (CBRP), and wheat flour (WP). Cooking quality of the pasta was evaluated by measuring pasting properties, cooking time, water absorption capacity, and cooking loss. Proximate analysis, color, and texture were done on dry and cooked pasta. Sensory testing was done to determine consumer acceptability and purchase intent of HPWRP and HPBRP in comparison to WP. HPWRP and HPBRP had higher pasting temperatures and lower peak viscosity than commercial rice flour pastas, which was related to the higher protein content. HPWRP and HPBRP had less cooking loss than CWRP and CBRP; all treatments had similar water absorption capacity (∼130%) except for WP that was higher (140%). White rice pastas along with WP took more time to cook than brown rice pastas. HPWRP and HPBRP had higher protein (around 7.5%) and fat content, creating a firmer cooked pasta (138.23 g HPBRP, 179.82 g HPWRP) than commercial rice pastas. Consumers' overall liking of HPBRP (5.37), HPWRP (6.00), and WP (6.81) was acceptable. Color, firmness, and stickiness attributes negatively affected the overall liking of HPWRP and HPBRP. Cooked high-protein rice flour pastas had improved firmness and cooking loss closer to wheat resulting in an acceptable product in overall liking. It is recommended to further improve the color, firmness, and stickiness of the pasta to reach higher sensory acceptability. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This research provides a possible use for a new high-protein rice flour that can be used in gluten-free products. This will help the rice industry by adding value to the product. Those persons who are Celiac or who desire more nutritional gluten-free products will have a healthier gluten-free pasta option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Serrano Marana
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Anita Morris
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Witoon Prinyawiwatkul
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Zhimin Xu
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Joan M King
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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4
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Vitale M, Della Pepa G, Costabile G, Bozzetto L, Cipriano P, Signorini S, Leoni V, Riccardi G, Vaccaro O, Masulli M. Association between Diet Quality and Index of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in a Large Population of People with Type 2 Diabetes: Data from the TOSCA.IT Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245339. [PMID: 36558498 PMCID: PMC9783620 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There are still open questions with respect to the optimal dietary treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and coexisting non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The aim of this study is to investigate, in patients with T2D, the association between NASH, dietary component intake, food groups and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 2026 people with T2D (1136 men and 890 women). The dietary habits were assessed with the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) questionnaire. NASH was identified by the Index Of NASH (ION). Based on the cluster analysis two dietary patterns were identified: the NASH and the NO-NASH pattern. Results: The macronutrient composition of the diet was similar in the two patterns. However, the NASH pattern compared with the NO-NASH pattern was characterized by a significantly lower content of fibre (p < 0.001), β-carotene (p < 0.001), vitamin C (p < 0.001), vitamin E (p < 0.001), polyphenols (p = 0.026) and antioxidant capacity (p < 0.001). With regard to food consumption, the NASH pattern compared with NO-NASH pattern was characterized by higher intake of rice (p = 0.021), potatoes (p = 0.013), red (p = 0.004) and processed meat (p = 0.003), and a lower intake of wholegrain bread (p = 0.019), legumes and nuts (p = 0.049), vegetables (p = 0.047), fruits (p = 0.002), white meat (p = 0.001), fatty fish (p = 0.005), milk and yogurt (p < 0.001). Conclusions: NO-NASH dietary pattern was characterized by a food consumption close to the Mediterranean dietary model, resulting in a higher content of polyphenols, vitamins, and fibre. These finding highlight the potential for dietary components in the prevention/treatment of NASH in people with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Vitale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Della Pepa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Costabile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lutgarda Bozzetto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Cipriano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Signorini
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Pius XI of Desio, ASST-Brianza, 20833 Desio, Italy
| | - Valerio Leoni
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Pius XI of Desio, ASST-Brianza, 20833 Desio, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20216 Monza, Italy
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Olga Vaccaro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-746-3665
| | - Maria Masulli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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5
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Dietary patterns and diabetes risk in Southern Chinese in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-022-01077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Chen H, Wei F, Chen X, Chen K. Global Research Trends in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus from 2000 to 2020: A Bibliometric Study. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2022; 226:197-204. [PMID: 35276736 DOI: 10.1055/a-1756-5518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study analyzed major trends and topics in the field of gestational diabetes mellitus research between 2000 and 2020. METHODS Studies that investigated gestational diabetes mellitus published between 2000 and 2020 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Data from the identified studies were analyzed using CiteSpace software. RESULTS A total of 22,713 publications were retrieved, among which 21,722 publications were included in this scientometric analysis. Clustering analysis revealed 13 themes across all fields. Physical activity is an emerging trend. Co-word analysis showed that subject high-frequency keywords were: risk factor, obesity, insulin resistance, prevalence, and association. Centrality indices identified the most influential keywords to be: body mass index, risk factors, gestational weight gain, and obesity. Burst keywords revealed that there were six research frontier subtopics: i) prediction of adverse neonatal outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus; ii) postpartum period research - blood glucose levels and insulin resistance; iii) meta-analysis - understanding the best evidence in pregnancy gestational diabetes mellitus; iv) gene expression profiles and DNA methylation in gestational diabetes mellitus; v) biomarkers for predicting higher birth and children weights; and vi) discussion on diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus classification. CONCLUSION The number of studies on gestational diabetes mellitus is increasing. For two decades, the United States has been the global leader in the number of published studies. Studies on gestational diabetes mellitus are mainly from developed countries, with a few of them being from developing countries. An emerging field of research aims at elucidating the association between physical activity and gestational diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Chen
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Central Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fengxiang Wei
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Central Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohang Chen
- Central Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ken Chen
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Vanhatalo S, Dall'Asta M, Cossu M, Chiavaroli L, Francinelli V, Pede GD, Dodi R, Närväinen J, Antonini M, Goldoni M, Holopainen-Mantila U, Cas AD, Bonadonna R, Brighenti F, Poutanen K, Scazzina F. Pasta Structure Affects Mastication, Bolus Properties, and Postprandial Glucose and Insulin Metabolism in Healthy Adults. J Nutr 2021; 152:994-1005. [PMID: 36967189 PMCID: PMC8971003 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Structure and protein–starch interactions in pasta products can be responsible for lower postprandial glycemic responses compared with other cereal foods. Objectives We tested the effect on postprandial glucose metabolism induced by 2 pasta products, couscous, and bread, through their structural changes during mastication and simulated gastric digestion. Methods Two randomized controlled trials (n = 30/trial) in healthy, normal-weight adults (mean BMI of 23.9 kg/m2 (study 1) and 23.0 kg/m2 (study 2)) evaluated postprandial glucose metabolism modulation to portions of durum wheat semolina spaghetti, penne, couscous, and bread each containing 50 g available carbohydrate. A mastication trial involving 26 normal-weight adults was conducted to investigate mastication processes and changes in particle size distribution and microstructure (light microscopy) of boluses after mastication and in vitro gastric digestion. Results Both pasta products resulted in lower areas under the 2-h curve for blood glucose (−40% for spaghetti and −22% for penne compared with couscous; −41% for spaghetti and −30% for penne compared with bread), compared with the other grain products (P < 0.05). Pasta products required more chews (spaghetti: 34 ± 18; penne: 38 ± 20; bread: 27 ± 13; couscous: 24 ± 17) and longer oral processing (spaghetti: 21 ± 13 s; penne: 23 ± 14 s; bread: 18 ± 9 s; couscous: 14 ± 10 s) compared with bread or couscous (P < 0.01). Pastas contained more large particles (46–67% of total particle area) compared with bread (0–30%) and couscous (1%) after mastication and in vitro gastric digestion. After in vitro gastric digestion, pasta samples still contained large areas of nonhydrolyzed starch embedded within the protein network; the protein in bread and couscous was almost entirely digested, and the starch was hydrolyzed. Conclusions Preservation of the pasta structure during mastication and gastric digestion explains slower starch hydrolysis and, consequently, lower postprandial glycemia compared with bread or couscous prepared from the same durum wheat semolina flour in healthy adults. The postprandial in vivo trials were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03098017 and NCT03104686.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saara Vanhatalo
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Margherita Dall'Asta
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy.,Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Marta Cossu
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Chiavaroli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Veronica Francinelli
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Pede
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Rossella Dodi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Johanna Närväinen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Monica Antonini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, 43125, Italy
| | - Matteo Goldoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, 43125, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Dei Cas
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, 43125, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bonadonna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, 43125, Italy
| | - Furio Brighenti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Kaisa Poutanen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Francesca Scazzina
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
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Fois S, Piu PP, Sanna M, Roggio T, Catzeddu P. In Vivo and In Vitro Starch Digestibility of Fresh Pasta Produced Using Semolina-Based or Wholemeal Semolina-Based Liquid Sourdough. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102507. [PMID: 34681556 PMCID: PMC8536165 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of wholemeal flour and sourdough fermentation in different food matrices has received considerable attention in recent years due to its resulting health benefits. In this study, a semolina-based and a wholemeal semolina-based sourdough were prepared and added to the formulation of gnocchetti-type fresh pasta. Four types of gnocchetti were made, using semolina plus semolina-based sourdough (SS), semolina plus wholemeal semolina-based sourdough (SWS), semolina alone (S), and semolina plus wholemeal semolina (WS). The latter two were used as controls. The digestibility of starch was studied both in vitro and in vivo, and the glycemic response (GR) and glycemic load (GL) were determined. Starch digestibility, both in vivo and in vitro, was higher in wholemeal semolina than semolina pasta and the resulting GR values (mg dL−1 min−1) were also higher (2209 and 2277 for WS and SWS; 1584 and 1553 for S and SS, respectively). The use of sourdough significantly reduced the rapidly digestible starch (RDS) content and increased the inaccessible digestible starch (IDS) content. The addition of sourdough to the formulation had no effect on the GR values, but led to a reduction of the GL of the pasta. These are the first data on the GR and GL of fresh pasta made with sourdough.
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Della Pepa G, Russo M, Vitale M, Carli F, Vetrani C, Masulli M, Riccardi G, Vaccaro O, Gastaldelli A, Rivellese AA, Bozzetto L. Pioglitazone even at low dosage improves NAFLD in type 2 diabetes: clinical and pathophysiological insights from a subgroup of the TOSCA.IT randomised trial. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 178:108984. [PMID: 34311022 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) share pathophysiological mechanisms and possible therapeutic strategies. We evaluated the effects of 1-year treatment with pioglitazone or sulphonylureas on indirect indices of NAFLD in people with T2D and the role of insulin-resistance and glucotoxicity in determining these effects. METHODS Patients with T2D (n = 195) aged 50-75 years, poorly controlled with metformin 2 g/day, were randomly allocated to add-on pioglitazone (n = 98) or sulphonylureas (n = 97) within the TOSCA.IT trial. Plasma insulin, glucose, and liver enzymes were measured at baseline and after 1-year. Indirect indices of NAFLD (Liver Fat Equation [LFE], Hepatic Steatosis Index [HSI], and Index of NASH [ION]), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, Visceral Adiposity Index [VAI] and adipose tissue Insulin Resistance [ADIPO-IR]) were calculated. RESULTS Indices of NAFLD improved after pioglitazone, but not after sulphonylureas; differences between changes (1-year minus baseline) were respectively: -1.76 ± 3.84 vs. 0.28 ± 3.75 for LFE; -1.35 ± 2.78 vs. -0.27 ± 2.63 for HSI; -9.75 ± 43 vs. 3.24 ± 31 for ION; p < 0.05 for all. Indices of insulin resistance decreased after pioglitazone, but not after sulphonylureas: -0.95 ± 4.57 vs. 0.37 ± 3.34 for HOMA-IR, p = 0.032; -1.25 ± 4.11 vs. 1.36 ± 5.43 for ADIPO-IR, p = 0.001; -0.53 ± 1.88 vs. 0.03 ± 2.36 for VAI, p = 0.074. Changes in NAFLD indices were similar with different doses of pioglitazone (15, 30, or 45 mg/day), and were independent of blood glucose control. CONCLUSIONS One-year treatment with pioglitazone even at low dosage significantly improved liver steatosis and inflammation, systemic and adipose tissue insulin resistance in patients with T2D. The beneficial effects of pioglitazone on NAFLD were independent of blood glucose control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Della Pepa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Russo
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy; University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Marilena Vitale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Carli
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Vetrani
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Masulli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Olga Vaccaro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Angela A Rivellese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Lutgarda Bozzetto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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10
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Huang M, Lo K, Li J, Allison M, Wu WC, Liu S. Pasta meal intake in relation to risks of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women : findings from the Women's Health Initiative. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2021; 4:195-205. [PMID: 34308127 PMCID: PMC8258098 DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between pasta meal intake and long-term risk of developing diabetes or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD, including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke) in postmenopausal women. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Women's Health Initiative (WHI) in the USA. PARTICIPANTS 84 555 postmenopausal women aged 50-79 in 1994, who were free of diabetes, ASCVD and cancer at baseline who were not in the dietary modification trial of the WHI, completed a validated food frequency questionnaire, and were evaluated for incident diabetes and ASCVD outcomes during the follow-up until 2010. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Diabetes and ASCVD. RESULTS Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association (HR) between quartiles of pasta meal consumption (residuals after adjusting for total energy) and the risk of incidence diabetes, CHD, stroke or ASCVD, accounting for potential confounding factors, with testing for linear trend. We then statistically evaluated the effect of substituting white bread or fried potato for pasta meal on disease risk. When comparing the highest to the lowest quartiles of residual pasta meal intake, we observed significantly reduced risk of ASCVD (HR=0.89, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.96, p trend=0.002), stroke (HR=0.84, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.93, p trend=0.001), CHD (HR=0.91, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.00, p trend=0.058) and no significant alteration in diabetes risk (HR=1.02, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.07, p trend=0.328). Replacing white bread or fried potato with pasta meal was statistically associated with decreased risk of stroke and ASCVD. CONCLUSIONS Pasta meal intake did not have adverse effects on long-term diabetes risk and may be associated with significant reduced risk of stroke and ASCVD. The potential benefit of substituting pasta meal for other commonly consumed starchy foods on cardiometabolic outcomes warrants further investigation in additional high-quality and large prospective studies of diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengna Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenneth Lo
- Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Center for International Health, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Matthew Allison
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, San Diego School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Wen-Chih Wu
- Center for Long term Services and Support, Providence VA Medical Center, Alpert Medical School, Brown University School of Public Health and the Miriam Hospital Center for Cardiac Fitness, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Simin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Warren Alpert School of Medicine and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Dodi R, Bresciani L, Biasini B, Cossu M, Scazzina F, Taddei F, D’Egidio MG, Dall’Asta M, Martini D. Traditional and Non-Conventional Pasta-Making Processes: Effect on In Vitro Starch Digestibility. Foods 2021; 10:foods10050921. [PMID: 33922161 PMCID: PMC8146869 DOI: 10.3390/foods10050921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasta is a carbohydrate-rich food with a low glycemic index (GI) and is one of the main sources of slowly digestible starch (SDS). The presence of bran fractions (BFs) in pasta may enhance its health potential, owing to the content of fiber, micronutrients, and bioactive compounds; however, at the same time, BF may affect starch digestibility. In this study, the bioaccessibility of starch in pasta made with BF-enriched semolina (BF pasta), or only with micronized debranned kernel (DK pasta), and a control pasta made with traditional semolina was evaluated by applying two different in vitro models. The control pasta showed a percentage of SDS about four-fold higher than that of the BF pasta and 1.5-fold higher than that of the DK pasta (p < 0.05). The amount of starch released during simulated gastrointestinal digestion was slightly lower, but not significantly different, for the control pasta than for both the BF and DK pasta. These results suggest that the presence of a higher amount of dietary fiber in BF pasta can affect the structure of the food matrix, interfering with the formation of the gluten network, water absorption, and starch granule accessibility, while micronization could enhance starch digestibility due to starch gelatinization. These findings emphasize the need to optimize the process for producing fiber-rich pasta without affecting its low starch digestibility and, consequently, its GI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Dodi
- Department of Food and Drug, Human Nutrition Unit, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (R.D.); (L.B.); (B.B.); (M.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Letizia Bresciani
- Department of Food and Drug, Human Nutrition Unit, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (R.D.); (L.B.); (B.B.); (M.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Beatrice Biasini
- Department of Food and Drug, Human Nutrition Unit, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (R.D.); (L.B.); (B.B.); (M.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Marta Cossu
- Department of Food and Drug, Human Nutrition Unit, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (R.D.); (L.B.); (B.B.); (M.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesca Scazzina
- Department of Food and Drug, Human Nutrition Unit, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (R.D.); (L.B.); (B.B.); (M.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Federica Taddei
- CREA Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, 00189 Rome, Italy; (F.T.); (M.G.D.)
| | - Maria Grazia D’Egidio
- CREA Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, 00189 Rome, Italy; (F.T.); (M.G.D.)
| | - Margherita Dall’Asta
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniela Martini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
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Dello Russo M, Spagnuolo C, Moccia S, Angelino D, Pellegrini N, Martini D. Nutritional Quality of Pasta Sold on the Italian Market: The Food Labelling of Italian Products (FLIP) Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010171. [PMID: 33429881 PMCID: PMC7827935 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasta represents a staple food in many populations and, in recent years, an increasing number of pasta items has been placed on the market to satisfy needs and trends. The aims of this work were: (i) to investigate the nutritional composition of the different types of pasta currently sold in Italy by collecting the nutrition facts on their packaging; (ii) to compare energy, nutrient and salt content per 100 g and serving in fresh and dried pasta; (iii) to compare the nutrition declaration in pairs of products with and without different declarations (i.e., gluten free (GF), organic, and nutrition claims (NC)). A total of 756 items, made available by 13 retailers present on the Italian market, were included in the analysis. Data showed a wide difference between dried and fresh pasta, with high inter-type variability. A negligible amount of salt was observed in all types of pasta, except for stuffed products, which had a median high quantity of salt (>1 g/100 g and ~1.5 g/serving). Organic pasta had higher fibre and lower protein contents compared to conventional pasta. GF products were higher in carbohydrate and fat but lower in fibre and protein than not-GF products, while only a higher fibre content was found in pasta with NC compared to products not boasting claims. Overall, the results show high variability in terms of nutrition composition among the pasta items currently on the market, supporting the importance of reading and understanding food labels for making informed food choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Dello Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (M.D.R.); (C.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Carmela Spagnuolo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (M.D.R.); (C.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Stefania Moccia
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (M.D.R.); (C.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Donato Angelino
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Nicoletta Pellegrini
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-043-255-8183
| | - Daniela Martini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
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13
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A Pesco-Mediterranean Diet With Intermittent Fasting. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 76:1484-1493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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